Marina Rudich
On July 3, our country celebrates a national holiday - Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus.
I want to show you a lapbook about my country, its symbols and attractions.
We use this laptop in classes in the educational field “Child and Society”.
All pictures are taken from the Internet.
Purpose of a lapbook: to develop students’ ideas that Belarusians live in the Republic of Belarus, the capital of Belarus is Minsk; about the national flag, coat of arms, anthem, Belarusian holidays; develop attention, memory, patriotic feelings. The problems are taken from the Early Childhood Education Curriculum.
-"Symbols"
We use cards to compose stories about the symbols of Belarus, for the game “What's extra.”
-"Find the coat of arms" our country includes six regional cities, each with its own coat of arms. Students are asked to match the coat of arms with the regional city.
-"Architecture" This pocket contains famous monuments and buildings of our country
: Brest Fortress, Mir Castle, White Vezha, Minsk WWII Museum, castles of Belarus.
The central part of the lapbook contains the coat of arms, flag, and map of our country.
-Poems
-"Writers of Belarus"
-"National Costume"
-"Fires"
products made from straw, wood, clay and wood.
-"National cuisine"
We produce postcards with recipes for dishes: potato pancakes, potato babka, pancakes, various soups.
Publications on the topic:
Currently, we are increasingly encountering such a concept as a lapbook. I also became interested in what it was and looked it up on our website.
Love for one's native land does not come on its own. From childhood, every child contemplates the world around him. He sees green grass, berries.
Lepbooks are a homemade little book or folder. I assembled this folder myself, glued the individual parts into a single whole, collected the material.
For the purpose of moral and patriotic education, I made a lapbook “My Motherland-Russia”. This manual is well suited for classroom use.
I want to show what I did, I made it into a lapbook on patriotic education. It turned out to be convenient. This is a kind of piggy bank.
The federal educational standard for preschool education sets goals for patriotic education: creating conditions for development.
State flag of the Republic of Belarus
The flag of the Republic of Belarus is a rectangular panel of two stripes: the upper one is red and the lower one is green. The ratio of the width of the red and green stripes is 2:1. Our flag has three colors: red, green and white. Red color - since ancient times it has served as a sign of the Sun, symbolizing blood ties, brotherhood, and the fight for a just cause. It means high destiny and victory. The red color on the modern flag of Belarus symbolizes the standards of the victorious Battle of Grunwald of the Belarusian regiments with the crusaders, the color of the banners of the Red Army and Belarusian partisan brigades. At the same time it is a sign of happiness and life. In the old days, noble people wore red hats and red sundresses. Green is the color of Nature. This is the color of harvest fields, finished by the hardworking hands of grain growers, meadows and forests, which have long occupied the main territory of our country. Green is the color of goodness, growth, development, prosperity and peace..White is, first and foremost, the color of freedom.. It is not for nothing that the name of our country - Belarus - is associated with the unquenchable will of the people for freedom. There was also Black Rus', which was the conventional name for the land of Slavic tribes captured by enemies. However, white is a color moral purity and wisdom. And these qualities should be sacredly preserved in their souls by citizens of the Belarusian land. Superimposed on white Belarusian national ornament, which combines red and green colors into a graphic design filled with high meaning. The Belarusian ornament symbolizes the ancient culture of the people, spiritual wealth, and unity. By its origin, this is a symbolic drawing, graphic method of conjuring higher divine powers. Through patterns, people expressed various wishes and covenants back in the days when writing did not exist - they wanted to pass on life lessons to new generations. Of the numerous variants of Belarusian folk ornaments, the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus depicts a fragment of the most ancient and typical one, made in 1917 by a simple peasant woman from the village of Kostelishche, Sennensky district, Matryona Markovich. He symbolizes, first of all, hard work, skill as a prerequisite for all happiness and destiny. In the center A diamond with thick hooks means eternity and movement. The rhombus itself is the oldest image of the goddess of Earth and Fertility. At the same time, it is a symbol of a well-groomed person, i.e. a sown field, it is surrounded by signs spelling about the harvest, good luck, and the fulfillment of righteous, good desires. The straight sides of the rhombus on the white stripe near the staff of the State Flag symbolize the generosity, cordiality, and openness of our people to all neighboring nations. Smaller rhombuses are also spells - “bread”, i.e. food that must be understood as food for the spirit and food for the body.
State emblem of the Republic of Belarus
The green outline is in the golden rays of the rising sun. This symbolism is quite simple: citizens direct all their thoughts to the Fatherland - this is our land. We will preserve it within the boundaries in which it was handed down to us by previous generations. Since ancient times, the wreath has been used by peoples as a reward to the winner and personified victory. Wreath of ears, intertwined with clover and flax flowers, is a symbol of memory and the indissoluble connection between contemporaries and ancestors.A wreath formed from a bunch of rye, Since ancient times, it had a sacred meaning for all Slavic peoples, who over the centuries created their own special culture. The Slavs believed that a bunch or other grain message was the most worthy way of turning to divine powers with a request to send or bestow a new harvest and prosperity. To this day, many residents of our villages place a sheaf or a bunch of ears of grain from the new harvest in their house as the key to success at work in the future.Clover is a symbol of connection with the creative world of animals, for which clover is the best food. The ancients believed that man was part of the entire world of living beings, capable of preserving his own life and ensuring prosperity only if the rest of the animal world was preserved and prospered. Flax is the cotton of the north, flax is symbol of the transformative power of labor, a sign of goodness and prosperity. Below the outline of the border of the Republic of Belarus there is a globe with the sun rising above it and golden rays. The image of the earth and the rising sun are two layers of symbols of life: the Earth is the basis of all living things, the Sun is the source of life. The globe is a sign that Belarus, being a part of civilization, perceives all the peoples of the Earth as equal friends and partners, and is ready to be friends and trade with them. Earth in the rays of the sun - faith in the eternity of life. The unity of the Earth and the Sun is the main sign of life. This symbolism is captured in the ancient myths of mankind. The red star - a five-pointed star - is a symbol of man and humanity, a sign of courage and high thoughts. The five rays symbolize the connection and friendship of people from all five continents of the Earth. This emphasizes the friendly nature of our people.
National anthem of the Republic of Belarus
On September 24, 1955, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the BSSR approved the text and music of the State Anthem of the Belarusian Republic.
The text of the Belarusian poet Mikhail Klimkovich is “We, Belarusians.”
The author of the music for the anthem of the BSSR was Sokolovsky Nestor Fedorovich - composer, choirmaster, folklorist, organizer of the Belarusian Song and Dance Ensemble. Music symbolizes the continuity of the historical traditions of the Belarusian people. The author of the text of the anthem was the lyricist Vladimir Ivanovich Karizna. The anthem used fragments of the previous text written by the poet Mikhail Klimkovich. It reflects the new political, economic and social conditions for the development of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign, peace-loving country, emphasizing the patriotism and hard work of citizens, friendly relations between representatives of all nationalities in our country.
DZYARZHANY ANTHEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Words by M. Klimkovich, U. Karyzny
Music by N. Sakalowskag
We Belarusians are peaceful people,
Sertsam added to my dear land,
Let's shake off the month of September, let's get away from strength
We are fine, free here."
Our beloved mother Radzima,
Together with my brothers I am married to each other
We lambed our native couples,
In battles for freedom, battles for share
He achieved his own status!
Hail our bright name to our land,
Hail, people of the brotherly union!
Our beloved mother Radzima,
Live and live forever, Belarus!
Friendship of the people - the strength of the people -
Our treasured, sonny path.
I'm proud to see the clear heights,
The contract is peramozny - the joy of the contract!
Hail our bright name to our land,
Hail, people of the brotherly union!
Our beloved mother Radzima,
Eternally alive and happy, Belarus
The flag of Belarus is a rectangular panel with two horizontal stripes of red and green (from top to bottom) colors. Closer to the shaft there is a white and red national Belarusian ornament. The flag is a direct descendant of the flag of the BSSR, from which the hammer and sickle were removed. The flag has a 1:2 ratio. It was adopted on June 7, 1995 and slightly amended in 2012.
The red color on our flag is the color of the victorious standards of the Grunwald victory of the Belarusian regiments over the crusaders. This is the color of the banners of the Red Army divisions and Belarusian partisan brigades that liberated our land from the fascist occupiers and their minions. Green represents hope, spring and rebirth; this is the color of our forests and fields. White color is the embodiment of spiritual purity.
The flag's ornament uses symbols of agriculture - rhombuses, the oldest graphic variations of which are known to archaeologists from finds on the territory of Belarus.
| Ornament on the flag since 2012 | Flag design from 1995 to 2012 | Flag design from 1951 to 1991 |
The red ornament, placed on a white background at the flagpole, is a pattern of diamonds. Initially, this ornament was used to decorate women's national clothing.
The ornament represents the rising sun, wealth and prosperity. According to another version, the ornament is a symbol of agriculture and fertility.
Belarus became the first (but not the only) country to use national ornaments on state flags.
In fact, the ornament has changed three times throughout the history of the flags of Belarus.
The Presidential Standard was approved in 1997.
Historical flags of the Republic of Belarus
The flag was a rectangular panel of red (scarlet) color.
The abbreviation “SSRB” was added to the top of the flag. The cloth changed its shade of red.
The abbreviation changed to: "BSSR".
Above the abbreviation there is a hammer and sickle, above them there is a yellow five-pointed star
The flag began to look like a rectangular panel of red color with a horizontal green stripe at the bottom of the flag. The shaft has a vertical white stripe with a red national Belarusian ornament. The hammer and sickle remained in the top of the flag, and above them a yellow five-pointed star. In the future, this particular flag will become the prototype for the state flag of independent Belarus.
It is the flag of the opposition. This flag was the state flag from 1991 to 1995. In fact it is inverted
Traditions. They are in every family. In every nation and state. Different places have their own signs and sayings. Your habits. Your own language. What does a mother teach her child, besides basic skills and language? Every mother passes on the traditions of her people to her child. Prepares national dishes. He dresses in national costume, maybe only on holidays. And in these seemingly ordinary moments, it conveys a piece of history. Love for our ancestors, for our land. To what is invisible in every person. How often do we not pay attention to such things, and it seems to us that this is a completely ordinary thing. Even when looking at pictures in old books and putting on embroidered things, we hardly think about who came up with this pattern and what it is for, what it contains.
Origin story
The first documented Belarusian ornaments began to be traced from the second half of the 19th century. There are no early documents, and we can judge the history of the development of the ornament only from material data that has survived to this day. Belarusian art is very closely intertwined with the skills of all Slavic peoples. Living nearby, people exchanged things and sold them. They believed in the same gods. This played a role in the history of every nation. The same thing happened with fine arts, on the basis of which the Belarusian ornament was born. In the Middle Ages, on the territory of modern Belarus, wood and metal carvers were very respected. They made amazing patterns. This is how the Belarusian ornament spread further.
First ornaments
The first Belarusian ornaments were mostly geometric. They also added lush floral patterns. They had a special meaning. Clothes and household utensils were decorated with such ornaments. The patterns are based on wide stripes of rhombuses, triangles and rosettes. Of course, an important element of the first ornaments was the cross. This symbol has been considered a talisman since ancient times. Modern Belarusian ornaments are also embroidered with a cross. The technique is very simple. First, half the stitches go to one side of the design and, returning, cover the stitch with thread. This is how you get a cross. This technique allows you to fill a large area of the ornament in a short time and without much effort.
How did the ornament develop?
The development of embroidery proceeded gradually. At first, various geometric patterns were actively embroidered. Lush floral patterns were gradually added to them. They depicted various forms of the world. The craftsmen also added decorative stitches to the embroidery, which became an integral part of the ornament. The combination of different colors was also not there from the very beginning. In some embroideries the predominant colors are red, white or black. Later they began to combine black with red. Belarusian patterns and ornaments underwent the most changes during the period of capitalism. This is already due to the imprint of power over the people. The ornament itself has been formed over several centuries and is distinguished by its genetic unity of the main elements throughout the territory of Belarus. Although each location has its own motifs added.
Description of the ornament
The traditional Belarusian ornament looks geometric. At first glance, this is a very complex interweaving of various geometric shapes. In it, straight and zigzag lines can be distinguished most of all. Various shapes of large and small crosses, triangles, squares, rectangles, stars. One of the most important images in the Belarusian ornament is the rhombus. It is considered a symbol of the big sun, the Earth-nurse, as well as rain and harvest. The image is used not only of a rhombus, but also of its various parts.
Later, images of people, birds, and animals appeared. Birds were designated as a symbol of spring warmth and light. In folk myths and beliefs, they brought spring on their wings. To make them more fabulous, they were depicted in very lush plumage, and crosses were embroidered on their heads, imitating the symbols of fire and the sun.
The most recent ones began to depict people, namely female figures. But they were the most important element in the embroidery of the Belarusian ornament. They embroidered figures of Maslenitsa, mermaids, Mother Earth, Lada, Kupalinka. These mythical figures carried a certain meaning, namely fertility and the continuation of life on earth, and were almost sacred.
Symbols of Belarusian ornament
Ornament is not just beautiful designs that decorate embroidery. Each symbol has its own designation, which reflects its essence. Carries a semantic load. The large tree symbolizes immortality and eternity. The symbol reminiscent of Maslenitsa is called Zhitnaya Baba, and it carries fertility. A rhombus within a rhombus is the awakening of nature in spring. There is a symbol of a mother and a birch girl. A symbol that protects children. A symbol for a strong family (these were embroidered on wedding towels).
And for love in the Belarusian ornament there is not one symbol, but four. A symbol of nascent love, love in full bloom, love without reciprocity and the memory of love. It’s very nice that such a topic as love is not ignored in this art.
Using ornaments in embroidery
Embroidery with Belarusian ornaments is found throughout this country. But in each area it differs in its own characteristics and shapes. Stripes and various borders in embroidery were used everywhere. Each region arranges patterns, ornaments and symbols differently. Thus, in the embroidery pattern of the Belarusian ornament in the east of Polesie there are more floral patterns. There are almost no geometric motifs; they have been replaced by images of roses, which are mostly embroidered in white and red. In some areas, the diamond pattern predominates, even in the stripes that decorate the bottom of shirts.
The main interest in the embroidery of towels is the embroidery of Polesie masters. Towels with their embroidery were mainly used for weddings. They depict all the traditional symbols for a good life, strong love and fertility for a young family. The complexity of the Belarusian ornament is not too different from Ukrainian or Lithuanian embroidery. Still, they are neighboring peoples, and the patterns are a little similar.
Pattern on the flag
The ornament of the Belarusian flag signifies national unity, culture and spiritual wealth. Connection with ancestors and tribute to traditions. The pattern on the Belarusian flag is traditionally red and geometric. It is more like the ornament that is depicted on shirts and shirts. But the ornament was not just taken from the sky, it was depicted in 1917 by the peasant woman Matryona Makarevich and has the name “Rising Sun”.
Placing an ornament on the flag makes it possible to quickly identify the flag, and also conveys a message of unity with ancestors and respect for one’s own culture. It also contains a certain wish for well-being and prosperity. Such patterns have always been considered amulets. Maybe this pattern also invisibly preserves the Belarusian land.
If we disassemble the ornament into symbols, we will see a large rhombus indicating the rising sun. And on both sides of it are symbols of wealth and prosperity.
The Belarusian ornament on the flag of Belarus was replaced. It was originally white on a red field. This is probably a consequence of the Soviet past. But after the collapse of the USSR, the colors on the ornament were restored correctly. The way we see them now. Red ornament on a white field.
Another interesting fact is the clothes embroidered with Belarusian patterns. Some believe that by wearing clothes with the symbols you want on them, you can influence your destiny. This makes sense. After all, people believe that some images, the same runes, can influence life. Ornament is also considered to the same extent, as it was once called the “cipher of the people.” If the symbols that are embroidered carry the meaning of health and well-being, then perhaps having them on your clothes can help you become a little healthier.
Masters of Belarusian ornament also claim that when embroidering it, you calm down, your thoughts come into order and your soul becomes lighter. It's a kind of meditation. Only in the end does a masterpiece emerge from the master’s hands. Well, the benefits for mental and physical health are undeniable.
