Family tree of the Rurikovichs. Rurik Dynasty

The Rurik dynasty and statehood in Rus' are essentially inseparable concepts. Whatever they say about the roots of this dynasty, about the reasons for its emergence, about how alien or, on the contrary, organic it was for the East Slavic tribes, the fact remains: it was the Rurikovichs who stood at the origins of the Russian state.

By the way, about the “Rus”, to whom, according to many researchers, Rus' owes its name. It is not entirely clear on what the assumption of the authors of the “Norman theory” is based, that this tribe was Norman, i.e. German-Scandinavian. In the “Tale of Bygone Years” the calling of the Varangian princes (and “Varangians,” as L.N. Gumilyov said, is not a nationality, but a profession) says this: “And they went overseas to the Varangians, to Rus'. Those Varangians were called Russia like the way others are called Svei (Swedes), and some Normans and Angles, and still others Gotlanders - that’s how these were called.” Note: the notorious Normans are called “others” by Nestor the chronicler, i.e. not at all by those who came to the “princeship” in Novgorod, Beloozero and Izborsk in 862. All this coincides with the opinion of medieval European authors, who considered Rurik (Rerik of Jutland, fellow countryman and one of the ancestors of Amlet, the prototype of Shakespeare's Hamlet) and his dynasty not Swedes, not Germans, not Goths (Gotlanders), but the descendants of the ancient people of the Rugs. Whether he had anything to do with the Slavs remains to be seen by scientists. But it has been established for sure that it was the Slavs who lived on the island in the Baltic called Rügen. There is also the “Prussian theory” of the emergence of the Rurikovichs, according to which both Rurik and the “Rus” came from the Baltic tribe of Prussians. But, as is known, they had nothing to do with the Germans, but, judging by the etymological analysis of the language of the ancient Prussians, they were close to the Slavs.

Let us also not forget that in 862 there was talk of calling the Varangian prince Rurik to Novgorod, which was a common thing for this city-republic, which throughout its history had called upon foreign princes. But this does not give any reason to consider Rus' in the 9th - early 10th centuries. "Varangian fiefdom". If the so-called The Norman Rus, whose existence no one has yet proven, subjugated the Eastern Slavs, then why didn’t the Varangians impose their language and customs on us - the first sign of subordination? But in the Swedish language, for example, we can easily detect traces of our influence: there adjectives have the suffix “sk” and are inclined in the Slavic manner, which is not the case in any of the languages ​​of the Germanic group. There is also no doubt that the Swedes adopted Christianity precisely following the example of Rus'. Following Western Europe, they did not do this.

Is it possible to talk about the Rurikovichs as a “foreign dynasty” if Rurik’s grandson, the legendary commander Prince Svyatoslav, bore a Slavic name and was a Slav by way of life? It turns out that both the French Merovingians and Carolingians were “foreign dynasties”, since they did not come from the indigenous population, the Gauls, but from the Germanic tribe of the Franks. How do you like the name Normandy? It speaks unambiguously about who once belonged to this French province - the Normans. The same Normans who supposedly stood at the origins of Russian statehood. Meanwhile, we know exactly who stood at the origins of English statehood. This was a Germanic tribe of Angles. They, together with the Saxons, Jutes and Frisians, invaded the 5th – 6th centuries. AD from the Jutland Peninsula to the territory of Britain and destroyed, drove out from the island most of its indigenous population - the Celtic tribe of Britons, and subjugated the rest. In turn, the Anglo-Saxons were defeated in 1066 by the Norman William, Duke of Normandy, and declared himself king of England. It was William I the Conqueror who is considered the creator of the centralized English state. The lack of independence of British statehood can be easily detected even at the linguistic level. For example, the British are considered the founders of parliamentarism. But the English word "parliament" is of French origin, even Old French, because the form "parlier" (to say a lot) no longer exists in modern French ("parler" and, accordingly, "parlement" are used). Why did the British choose “parliament” for the name of their representative body? It’s very simple: this word was brought to them by the Normans from France, where in the 11th century (and much later) it meant the Parisian court of the highest instance. The French later called their representative body differently - the States General. And so the Normans, apparently, gave this “parliament” to the Anglo-Saxons, without really understanding whether it was a judicial or representative power. Frankish leaders, they say, gather and decide important matters together - so you decide. This is how English parliamentarism was born. Truly, from the great to the ridiculous is one step...

Now try to find traces of a similar influence of the Varangians in ancient Russian history, culture, language, toponymy! But this is not the most important thing. The Rurikovichs contributed to the strengthening and development of the indigenous population of Kievan Rus - the Eastern Slavs, but the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish kings pushed the indigenous population of Britain and Gaul - the Celts - to the margins of history and even life.

Even the first Rurikovichs were tributaries of the Jewish elite of the Khazar Kaganate, and the glades paid tribute to the Khazars long before the appearance of Askold and Dir, the northerners and Vyatichi - before the calling of Rurik. Only Rurik’s grandson Svyatoslav completely defeated this Khazar Kaganate.

The Rurikovichs led Rus' to Christianity, which forever makes this dynasty significant in the minds of Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians. Claims that Christianization deprived the Russians of ethnic and religious uniqueness or, as they also say, autochthony, are absurd: paganism did not help either the Britons or the Gauls to survive as an independent ethnic community.

By the 11th century in Europe, only thanks to Christianity, a new powerful state emerged - Kievan Rus. It controlled both the trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and the Eastern European section of the Great Silk Road, previously “saddled” by the Khazars. Kyiv at that time was one of the largest and richest cities in the world, which cannot be said about Paris or London at that time. Any European royal court considered it an honor to become related to the Rurikovichs, who, meanwhile, did not call themselves kings or tsars.

Even before Batu’s invasion, the Rurikovichs created “reserve centers” of Russian statehood and culture in the deep forests of Eastern Rus' - Suzdal, Vladimir, Moscow, Pereslavl-Zalessky. Like many European dynasties, the descendants of Rurik could not avoid feudal fragmentation, but were able to preserve the dynasty itself under the yoke of the Golden Horde.

The centuries-old neighborhood with Western Europe and Asia allowed the Rurikovichs to make an important conclusion that the conquest of the country by nomads from the Great Steppe does not always mean the loss of national, religious and cultural independence, which cannot be said about the aggressive policy of the “Germans” (Germans and Anglo-Saxons). These were not limited to tribute and vassalage - they wiped out the conquered peoples from the face of the earth. Unable to withstand the blows of Batu, the Rurikovichs - the holy noble princes Alexander Nevsky, Dovmont of Pskov - repelled the Western "onslaught on the East." Perhaps the Mongol-Tatar yoke threw us back 300 years, but Orthodox Rus' did not disappear during these 300 years.

The Rurikovichs, even receiving labels for reign from the Horde khans, did not accept the dependent role of Rus'. The Moscow princes patiently gathered Russian lands around themselves and prepared for a war of liberation.

The holy noble prince Dimitri Donskoy won a victory on the Kulikovo field, and his descendant John III brought such force to the Ugra River that the Horde turned back and forever renounced its “rights” to Rus'. By that time, Orthodox Byzantium, the Second Rome, had already ceased to exist, and it was said by the monk Philotheus: “Moscow is the Third Rome, and there will not be a fourth.” Rurikovich John III began to be called the Grand Duke of All Rus'. And his grandson, John IV, was already crowned King.

Already under the first Orthodox Tsar, Rus' set out on a liberation campaign against the descendants of Batu. Kazan and Astrakhan fell under the thunder of Russian cannons, the Crimean Tatars fled from the Moscow region and never again came to the Moscow state with raids. Rus' began to move westward, to the shores of the Baltic Sea, captured by the Livonians and Lithuanians.

But on January 19, 1598, the childless son of Ivan the Terrible, Theodore Ioannovich, the last Tsar from the Rurik dynasty, died (in a straight line, because Tsar Vasily Shuisky, who ruled in 1606 - 1610, was also from the Rurik dynasty). N.M. Karamzin wrote: “This is how the famous Varangian generation, to whom Russia owes its existence, name and greatness, was cut short on the throne of Moscow - from such a small beginning, through a number of stormy centuries, through fire and blood, having achieved dominance over the north of Europe and Asia with the warlike spirit of its rulers and people, with the happiness and providence of God!..”

The Rurik dynasty ruled Kievan and Muscovite Russia for 736 years. Russia was entering the Time of Troubles and into the 300-year period of rule of the new royal dynasty - the Romanovs...

Andrey Venediktovich Vorontsov

Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich and Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible.
Vasily Osipov (Kondakov?). 1689
Fragment of a fresco of the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Novospassky Monastery in Moscow.

Anastasia Romanovna

Ivan the Terrible ordered the construction of a church in the Feodorovsky Monastery in the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky. This temple in honor of Theodore Stratelates became the main cathedral of the monastery and has survived to this day.

Feodorovsky (Fedorovsky) Monastery

On November 19, 1581, the heir to the throne, Ivan, died from a wound inflicted by his father. From that time on, Fedor became the heir to the royal throne.

Feodor I Ioannovich
Russian Tsar in 1584-1598

Fyodor Ioannovich is a Russian Tsar, the last Rurikovich on the throne by right of succession, the son of Ivan the Terrible and Anastasia Romanovna. The king paid great attention to the palace economy and the decoration of the palace chambers. His patronage and generous grants to numerous monasteries and churches are known. The candidacy of Fyodor Ioannovich was nominated (1573 - 1574 and 1587) for the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The first years of his reign were accompanied by a fierce palace struggle, during which the established by Ivan the Terrible shortly before his death to govern the country.

The Regency Council, which included princes Mstislavsky and Shuisky, Zakharyin-Yuryev, Godunov, Belsky. Fyodor Ioannovich's half-brother, Tsarevich Dmitry, was exiled (1584) to Uglich. Since 1587, during the reign of Tsar Fedor his brother-in-law took an active part- “servant and stable boyar” Boris Godunov.

The reign of Tsar Fedor was characterized by a gradual rise in the country's economic life, overcoming the severe consequences of the crisis of the 70s and 80s, and the unsuccessful Livonian War. At this time, there was a sharp increase in the serfdom of the peasants. State taxes on taxes, the city, and the population have increased. All this led to an aggravation of the contradiction within the ruling class: between secular and spiritual feudal lords, between the palace nobility and the Moscow high nobility - on the one hand, and provincial service people - on the other. Under Fyodor Ioannovich, Russia's international position improved somewhat: as a result, the Russian-Swedish. the wars of 1590-1593, the cities and regions of the Novgorod land captured by Sweden during the Livonian War were returned (according to the Treaty of Tyavzin 1595); Western Siberia was finally annexed; the southern border regions and the Volga region were successfully developed; Russia's role in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia has increased.

But later, contradictions began to grow in Russia’s relations with Poland, Sweden, and Crimea. Khanate and Turkey, as a result of which, during the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich, a knot of classes, intra-class and international contradictions managed to emerge, which led to the Great Troubles in the Russian state at the very beginning of the 17th century.

In his daily life, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich was simple and accessible to everyone who came to him, he loved to pray, and he himself performed divine services daily.

Reconstruction of the appearance

Irina Godunova, wife of Fyodor Ioannovich.

Tsarina Irina Fedorovna in the Russian historical tradition was a kind, intelligent, literate and pious empress. She was called the “Great Empress” and it was she who was Fedor’s co-ruler, and not her brother. The king was sincerely attached to his queen and did not want to part with her for anything. Almost all of her pregnancies ended in miscarriages. The only daughter of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich and Irina, Feodosia, lived less than two years.

Reconstruction of the appearance of Fyodor Ioannovich. M. Gerasimov, 1963.

First Prince of Rus'

• 9th century - Eastern historians reported a large union of Slavic tribes - Slavia (with its center in Novgorod), Kujava (Kyiv), Artania
• 839 - the French “Annals of Saint-Bertin” mention representatives of the “Ros” people who were in the Byzantine embassy to the King of the Carolingian dynasty, Louis the Pious
• 859 - The northern Slavic tribes Chud, Slovenes, Meri, Vesi and Krivichi refused to pay tribute to the Varangians. Strife.
• 860 (or 867) - Calling the Varangians to restore order. Rurik settled in the town of Ladoga
  

  “Vastasha Slovene, killed the people of Novgorod and Merya and Krivichi against the Varangians and drove them overseas and did not give them tribute. We began to own ourselves and build cities. And there would not be righteousness in them, and the rise of generation upon generation, and armies, and captivity, and incessant bloodshed. And therefore the people gathered decided to themselves: “Who would be the prince among us and rule over us? We will look for and recruit one either from us or from Kozar or from Polyany or from Dunaychev or from the Varangians." And there was a great rumor about this - for this sheep, for the other one who wants it. The same one, having consulted, sent to the Varangians"

  At the end of the 1990s. The finds of archaeologist Evgeny Ryabinin in Staraya Ladoga prove: Ladoga not only existed more than 100 years before Rurik, but also had the highest level of production development for that time. 2 km from Ladoga, Ryabinin dug up the Lyubsha fortress, which was erected in the 6th–7th centuries, rebuilt on a stone foundation around 700. The oldest lathe in Eastern Europe was also found near Ladoga (“Arguments of the Week”, No. 34(576) dated 08/31/2017)

• 862 (or 870) - Rurik began reigning in Novgorod.
  Russian historical science has still not come to a consensus about who Rurik was, whether he existed at all, whether the Slavs called him to reign and why. Here is what Academician B. A. Rybakov writes about this:

  “Was there a calling for the princes or, more precisely, for Prince Rurik? The answers can only be speculative. Norman raids on the northern lands at the end of the 9th and 10th centuries are beyond doubt. A proud Novgorod patriot could portray real raids as a voluntary calling of the Varangians by the northern inhabitants to establish order. Such coverage of the Varangian campaigns for tribute was less offensive to the pride of the Novgorodians than the recognition of their helplessness. The invited prince had to “rule by right” and protect his subjects with some kind of letter.
  It could have been different: wanting to protect themselves from unregulated Varangian exactions, the population of the northern lands could invite one of the kings as a prince, so that he would protect them from other Varangian detachments. Rurik, in whom some researchers see the Rurik of Jutland, would be a suitable figure for this purpose, since he came from the most remote corner of the Western Baltic and was a stranger to the Varangians from southern Sweden, located closer to the Chuds and the Eastern Slavs. Science has not sufficiently developed the question of the connection between the chronicle Varangians and the Western, Baltic Slavs.
  Archaeologically, connections between the Baltic Slavs and Novgorod can be traced back to the 11th century. Written sources from the 11th century speak of trade between the Western Baltic and Novgorod. It can be assumed that if the calling of a foreign prince actually took place as one of the episodes of the anti-Varangian struggle, then such a prince could be Rurik of Jutland, whose original place of reign was located next to the Baltic Slavs. The considerations expressed are not sufficiently substantiated to build any hypothesis on them.”

• 864 - Seizure of princely power in Kyiv by the Varangians Askold and Dir
• 864 (874) - Askold and Dir's campaign to Constantinople
• 872 - “Oskold’s son was quickly killed by the Bulgarians.” “That same summer, the Novgorodians were offended, saying: “As if we would be a slave and suffer a lot of evil in every possible way from Rurik and from his family.” That same summer, Rurik killed Vadim the Brave and many other Novgorodians who were his companions.”
• 873 - Rurik distributed the cities of Polotsk, Rostov, Beloozero, he gave them into the possession of his confidants
• 879 - Rurik died

Rurik Dynasty

• Oleg 879-912
• Igor 912-945
• Olga 945-957
• Svyatoslav 957-972
• Yaropolk 972-980
• Vladimir Saint 980-1015
• Svyatopolk 1015-1019
• Yaroslav I the Wise 1019-1054
• Izyaslav Yaroslavich 1054-1078
• Vsevolod Yaroslavich 1078-1093
• Svyatopolk Izyaslavich 1093-1113
• Vladimir Monomakh 1113-1125
• Mstislav Vladimirovich 1125-1132
• Yaropolk Vladimirovich 1132-1139
• Vsevolod Olgovich 1139-1146
• Izyaslav Mstislavich 1146-1154
• Yuri Dolgoruky 1154-1157
• Andrey Bogolyubsky 1157-1174
• Mstislav Izyaslavich 1167-1169
• Mikhail Yurievich 1174-1176
• Vsevolod Yurievich (Big Nest) 1176-1212
• Konstantin Vsevolodovich 1216-1219
• Yuri Vsevolodovich 1219-1238
• Yaroslav Vsevolodovich 1238-1246
• Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky 1252-1263
• Yaroslav Yaroslavich 1263-1272
• Vasily I Yaroslavich 1272-1276
• Dmitry Alexandrovich Pereyaslavsky 1276-1294
• Andrey Alexandrovich Gorodetsky 1294-1304
• Mikhail Yaroslavich 1304-1319
• Yuri Danilovich 1319-1326
• Alexander Mikhailovich 1326-1328
• John I Danilovich Kalita 1328-1340
• Simeon Ioannovich the Proud 1340-1353
• John II the Meek 1353-1359
• Dmitry Konstantinovich 1359-1363
• Dmitry Ioannovich Donskoy 1363-1389
• Vasily I Dmitrievich 1389-1425
• Vasily II Vasilievich the Dark 1425-1462
• John III Vasilievich 1462-1505
• Vasily III Ioannovich 1505-1533
• Elena Glinskaya 1533-1538
• Ivan IV the Terrible 1533-1584
• Fyodor Ioannovich 1584-1598
• Boris Godunov 1598-1605
• Vasily Shuisky 1606-1610

Modern encyclopedia

RYURIKOVYCHES, descendants of Rurik, a dynasty of Russian princes, including the Grand Dukes of Kyiv, Vladimir, Moscow, and Russian Tsars (late 9th-16th centuries; the last Rurikovich from the dynasty of Moscow Grand Dukes, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich). From the Nizhny Novgorod family... ...Russian history

Rurikovich- RURIKOVICH, princes, according to chronicles, descendants of the leader of the Varangians Rurik, who ruled in the 2nd half of the 9th century. in Novgorod. They headed the Old Russian state; great and appanage principalities (princes of Kyiv, Vladimir, Ryazan, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Russian princely family, fragmented over time into many branches. The branching begins with Vladimir the Saint, and first of all the line of the Polotsks, the descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich, is separated. After the death of Yaroslav the Wise (1054) his... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (foreign) ancient Russian nobles (an allusion to Rurik, one of the founders of Rus'). Wed. All of you, gentlemen, are nothing more than yesterday’s nobles against me, for I come from Rurik. D. P. Tatishchev To the magnates in Vienna, during a dispute about their antiquity... ... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

Exist., number of synonyms: 1st dynasty (65) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Russian princely family. fragmented over time into many branches. The branching begins with St. Vladimir, and first of all the line of the princes of Polotsk, descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich, is separated. After the death of Yaroslav the Wise (1054) his... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

The dynasty of Russian princes, including the great princes of Kyiv, Vladimir, Moscow and Russian tsars (late 9th 16th centuries, the last Rurikovich Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich), who were considered the descendants of Rurik. Some noble families also belonged to the Rurikovichs... ... Political science. Dictionary.

A family of Russian princes and kings who were considered descendants of Rurik, including the Grand Dukes of Kyiv, Vladimir, Moscow, Tver, Ryazan (IX-XVI centuries); the last Rurikovich from the dynasty of Moscow great princes and tsars, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich. From… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Rurikovich, Volodikhin Dmitry Mikhailovich. The Rurik dynasty ruled Russia for seven and a half centuries. The fate of our country is tightly intertwined with the fate of this family. The individuals who belonged to it had a noticeable influence on politics...
• Rurikovich, Volodikhin D.. The Rurikovich dynasty ruled Russia for seven and a half centuries. The fate of our country is tightly intertwined with the fate of this family. The individuals who belonged to it had a noticeable influence on politics...

The Norman or Varangian theory, which reveals aspects of the formation of statehood in Rus', is based on one simple thesis - the calling of the Varangian prince Rurik by the Novgorodians to manage and protect a large territory of the Ilmen Slovenian tribal union. Thus, the answer to the question of what event is associated with the emergence of the dynasty is quite clear.

This thesis is present in the ancient one, written by Nestor. At the moment it is controversial, but one fact is still indisputable - Rurik became the founder of a whole dynasties of sovereigns who ruled not only in Kyiv, but also in other cities of the Russian land, including Moscow, and that is why the dynasty of rulers of Rus' was called Rurikovich.

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History of the dynasty: the beginning

The genealogy is quite complex, it is not so easy to understand it, but the beginning of the Rurik dynasty is very easy to trace.

Rurik

Rurik became the first prince in his dynasty. Its origin is a highly controversial issue. Some historians suggest that he was from a noble Varangian-Scandinavian family.

Rurik's ancestors came from the trading Hedeby (Scandinavia) and were related to Ragnar Lothbrok himself. Other historians, distinguishing between the concepts of “Norman” and “Varangian”, believe that Rurik was of Slavic origin, perhaps he was related to the Novgorod prince Gostomysl (it is believed that Gostomysl was his grandfather), and for a long time he lived with his family on the island of Rügen .

Most likely, he was a jarl, that is, he had a military squad and kept boats, engaging in trade and sea robbery. But precisely with his calling first to Staraya Ladoga, and then to Novgorod the beginning of the dynasty is connected.

Rurik was called to Novgorod in 862 (when he began to rule exactly, of course, is unknown; historians rely on data from the PVL). The chronicler claims that he came not alone, but with two brothers - Sinius and Truvor (traditional Varangian names or nicknames). Rurik settled in Staraya Ladoga, Sinius in Beloozero, and Truvor in Izborsk. I wonder what any other mentions there is no mention of brothers in PVL. The beginning of the dynasty is not associated with them.

Oleg and Igor

Rurik died in 879, leaving young son Igor(or Ingvar, according to the Scandinavian tradition). A warrior, and possibly a relative of Rurik, Oleg (Helg) was supposed to rule on behalf of his son until he came of age.

Attention! There is a version that Oleg ruled not just as a relative or confidant, but as an elected jarl, that is, he had all the political rights to power according to Scandinavian and Varangian laws. The fact that he transferred power to Igor could indeed mean that he was his close relative, perhaps a nephew, his sister’s son (according to Scandinavian tradition, an uncle is closer than his own father; boys in Scandinavian families were given to be raised by their maternal uncle).

How many years did Oleg reign?? He successfully ruled the young state until 912. It is he who is credited with the complete conquest of the route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and the capture of Kyiv, then his place was taken by Igor (already as the ruler of Kiev), by that time married to a girl from Polotsk (according to one version) - Olga.

Olga and Svyatoslav

Igor's reign can't be called successful. He was killed by the Drevlyans in 945 during an attempt to take double tribute from their capital, Iskorosten. Since Igor’s only son, Svyatoslav, was still small, the throne in Kyiv, by a common decision of the boyars and squads, was taken by his widow Olga.

Svyatoslav ascended the Kiev throne in 957. He was a warrior prince and never stayed long in his capital rapidly growing state. During his lifetime, he divided the lands of Rus' between his three sons: Vladimir, Yaropolk and Oleg. He gave Novgorod the Great as his inheritance to Vladimir (illegitimate son). Oleg (the younger) was imprisoned in Iskorosten, and the elder Yaropolk was left in Kyiv.

Attention! Historians know the name of Vladimir’s mother; it is also known that she was a whitewashed servant, that is, she could not become the ruler’s wife. Perhaps Vladimir was the eldest son of Svyatoslav, his first-born. That is why he was recognized as the father. Yaropolk and Oleg were born from Svyatoslav's legal wife, possibly a Bulgarian princess, but they were younger than Vladimir in age. All this subsequently influenced the relations between the brothers and led to the first princely feud in Rus'.

Yaropolk and Vladimir

Svyatoslav died in 972 on the island of Khortitsa(Dnieper rapids). After his death, the Kiev throne was occupied by Yaropolk for several years. A war for power in the state began between him and his brother Vladimir, ending with the murder of Yaropolk and the victory of Vladimir, who ultimately became the next prince of Kyiv. Vladimir ruled from 980 to 1015. His main merit is Baptism of Rus' and the Russian people into the Orthodox faith.

Yaroslav and his sons

An internecine war broke out between Vladimir’s sons immediately after his death, as a result of which one of Vladimir’s eldest sons from the Polotsk princess Ragneda, Yaroslav, took the throne.

Important! In 1015, the Kiev throne was occupied by Svyatopolk (later nicknamed the Accursed). He was not Vladimir’s own son. His father was Yaropolk, after whose death Vladimir took his wife as his wife and recognized the born child as his first-born.

Yaroslav reigned until 1054. After his death, the right of ladder came into force - the transfer of the Kyiv throne and the “junior” in seniority in the Rurikovich family.

The Kiev throne was occupied by Yaroslav's eldest son - Izyaslav, Chernigov (the next "seniority" throne) - Oleg, Pereyaslavsky - Yaroslav's youngest son Vsevolod.

For a long time, the sons of Yaroslav lived peacefully, observing the behests of their father, but, ultimately, the struggle for power entered an active phase and Rus' entered the era of Feudal fragmentation.

Pedigree of the Rurikovichs. The first Kyiv princes (table or Rurik dynasty diagram with dates, by generation)

Genealogy of the Rurikovichs of the period of feudal fragmentation

Tracing the dynastic line of the Rurikovich family during the period of Feudal fragmentation is incredibly difficult, since the ruling princely the genus has grown to its maximum. The main branches of the clan at the first stage of feudal fragmentation can be considered the Chernigov and Pereyaslav lines, as well as the Galician line, which needs to be discussed separately. The Galician princely house originates from the eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir, who died during his father’s lifetime, and whose heirs received Galich as an inheritance.

It is important to note that all representatives of the clan sought to occupy the Kiev throne, since in this case they were considered the rulers of the entire state.

Galician heirs

Chernigov house

Pereyaslavsky house

With the Pereyaslav House, which was nominally considered the youngest, everything is much more complicated. It was the descendants of Vsevolod Yaroslavovich who gave rise to the Vladimir-Suzdal and Moscow Rurikovichs. The main representatives of this house were:

• Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh) - was the prince of Kyiv in 1113-1125 (VII generation);
• Mstislav (the Great) - the eldest son of Monomakh, was the prince of Kyiv in 1125-1132 (VIII generation);
• Yuri (Dolgoruky) - the youngest son of Monomakh, became the ruler of Kyiv several times, the last in 1155-1157 (VIII generation).

Mstislav Vladimirovich gave rise to the Volyn House of Rurikovich, and Yuri Vladimirovich gave rise to the Vladimir-Suzdal House.

Volyn House

Pedigree of the Rurikovichs: Vladimir-Suzdal House

The Vladimir-Suzdal house became the main one in Rus' after the death of Mstislav the Great. The princes who made first Suzdal and then Vladimir-on-Klyazma their capital, played a key role in the political history of the period of the Horde invasion.

Important! Daniil Galitsky and Alexander Nevsky are known not only as contemporaries, but also as rivals for the grand ducal label, and they also had a fundamentally different approach to faith - Alexander adhered to Orthodoxy, and Daniil accepted Catholicism in exchange for the opportunity to receive the title of King of Kyiv.

Pedigree of the Rurikovichs: Moscow House

In the final period of Feudal fragmentation, the House of Rurikovich numbered more than 2000 members (princes and younger princely families). Gradually, the leading position was taken by the Moscow House, which traces its pedigree to the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniil Alexandrovich.

Gradually, the Moscow house from grand ducal transformed into royal. Why did this happen? Including thanks to dynastic marriages, as well as the successful domestic and foreign policies of individual representatives of the House. The Moscow Rurikovichs did a gigantic job of “gathering” the lands around Moscow and overthrowing the Tatar-Mongol Yoke.

Moscow Ruriks (diagram with reign dates)

Rurikovich.

862 –1598

Kyiv princes.

Rurik

862 – 879

IX century – formation of the Old Russian state.

Oleg

879 – 912

882 - unification of Novgorod and Kyiv.

907, 911 – campaigns against Constantinople (Constantinople); signing a treaty between Rus' and the Greeks.

Igor

912 – 945

941, 944 - Igor's campaigns against Byzantium. /the first one is unsuccessful/

945 - Treaty between Rus' and the Greeks. /not as profitable as Oleg/

Olga

945 –957 (964)

/regetsha of the young prince Svyatoslav/

945 - an uprising in the land of the Drevlyans. Introduction of lessons and graveyards.

Svyatoslav

I957 –972.

964 – 966 - defeat of the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yases, Kosogs. The annexation of Tmutarakan and Kerch, a trade route to the East was opened.

967 – 971 - war with Byzantium.

969 - appointment of his sons as governors: Yaropolk in Kyiv, Oleg in Iskorosten, Vladimir in Novgorod.

Yaropolk

972 – 980

977 - the death of Prince Oleg in the struggle with his brother Yaropolk for leadership in Rus', the flight of Prince Vladimir to the Varangians.

978 - victory of Yaropolk over the Pechenegs.

980g. - Defeat of Yaropolk in the battle with Prince Vladimir. Murder of Yaropolk.

VladimirISaint

980 – 1015

980g. – pagan reform /unified pantheon of gods/.

988 –989 - adoption of Christianity in Rus'.

992, 995 - battles with the Pechenegs.

Svyatopolk the Accursed

1015 - 1019

1015 - the beginning of strife between the sons of Vladimir. The murder of the young princes Boris and Gleb on the orders of Svyatopolk.

1016 - the battle of the princes of the skiatopolk and Yaroslav near Lyubich. Flight of Svyatopolk to Poland.

1018 – return of Svyatopolk to Kyiv. Flight of Yaroslav to Novgorod.

1018 – 1019 -war between Yaroslav and Svyatopolk.

Yaroslav the Wise

1019 –1054

Beginning XI century - compilation of the “Russian Truth” (Yaroslav’s Truth), which consisted of 17 articles (according to academician B.A. Rybakov, this was an instruction on fines for scandals and fights).

1024 - the battle between Yaroslav and his brother Mstislav Listven for control over all territories of Rus'.

1025g. - division of the Russian state along the Dnieper. Mstislav is the eastern, and Yaroslav is the western part of the state.

1035 - death of Mstislav Vladimirovich. Transfer of his inheritance to Yaroslav.

1036 – formation of the Kyiv Metropolis

1037 – the beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.

1043 - Vladimir Yaroslavich’s unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium.

1045 - the beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod.

IzyaslavIYaroslavich

1054 – 1073, 1076 – 1078

1068 - defeat of the Yaroslavichs on the river. Alte from the Polovtsians.

1068 – 1072 – popular uprisings in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal and Chernigov lands. Supplementation of “Russian Pravda” with “Pravda Yaroslavichs”.

Svyatoslav

II 1073 –1076gg.

Vsevolod

1078 – 1093

1079 - speech of the Tmutarakan prince Roman Svyatoslavich against Vsevolod Yaroslavich.

SvyatopolkIIIzyaslavich

1093 – 1113

1093 - the devastation of Southern Rus' by the Polovtsians.

1097 - Congress of Russian princes in Lyubich.

1103 - defeat of the Polovtsians by Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh.

1113 – the death of Svyatopolk II, the uprising of townspeople, smerds and purchases in Kyiv.

Vladimir Monomakh

1113 – 1125

1113 – addition of “Russkaya Pravda” to the “Charter” of Prince Vladimir Monomakh on “purchases” /debtors/ and “cuts” /interest/.

1113 –1117 - writing “The Tale of Bygone Years.”

1116 - the campaign of Vladimir Monomakh with the sons of the Polovtsians.

Mstislav the Great

1125 – 1132

1127 – 1130 - Mstislav’s struggle with the Polotsk appanage princes. Their exile to Byzantium.

1131 – 1132 – successful campaigns in Lithuania.

Strife in Rus'.

Moscow princes.

Daniil Alexandrovich 1276 – 1303

Yuri Danilovich 1303 –1325

Ivan Kalita 1325 – 1340

Semyon the Proud 1340 – 1355553

IvanIIRed 1353–1359

Dmitry Donskoy1359 –1389

BasilI1389 – 1425

BasilIIDark 1425 – 1462

IvanIII1462 – 1505

BasilIII1505 – 1533

IvanIVGrozny 1533 – 1584

Fyodor Ivanovich 1584 – 1598

The end of the Rurik dynasty.

Time of Troubles.

1598 – 1613

Boris Godunov 1598 – 1605

False DmitryI1605 – 1606

Vasily Shuisky 1606 – 1610

"Seven Boyars" 1610 - 1613.

Romanov dynasty.

1613 –1917