Destroyer Eldridge. The Philadelphia Experiment - the undying story of the destroyer Eldridge Power plant and performance

The battleship Eldridge became famous thanks to a ufologist, and not for its exploits in World War II.

The legend of the teleportation of the destroyer was invented by a crazy sailor

What does the legend say?

After turning the switch, the air around the ship began to darken. A greenish fog floated from the water. A few minutes later, the Eldridge disappeared from sight, although the depression from its hull was still visible in the water.

When the Eldridge disappeared in Philadelphia, many people saw its sudden appearance in the port of another base - Norfolk. A few minutes later, the “ghost” began to melt, and immediately the ship “appeared” in Philadelphia.

But the worst thing is that the experiment had dire consequences for the crew of the ship. Most of the sailors died, and those who survived were immediately written off from the army and spent the rest of their lives in some closed clinic for the insane. This forced the US military to abandon risky research.

Such is this incredible legend, which can be found in almost any book on anomalistics, among the standard set of miracles.

Mysterious letters

The letters were written with multi-colored pencils and inks in a very strange style. In the middle of a sentence, words were suddenly written in capital letters, there were many spelling and lexical errors, and punctuation marks seemed to be scattered at random. Entire sentences have been underlined. Such creativity is a formidable symptom of a “roof gone crazy”*.

The creator of the myth is Carl Allen. The man is, to put it mildly, unbalanced.

“One walked through the wall of his own apartment and disappeared in front of his wife and child and two guests. The other two officers caught fire like matches and burned..."

Jessup's first reaction was to brush off the strange, delusional messages. However, he soon learned that the Office of Naval Research at the Pentagon had received in the mail a copy of his book, The Case for UFOs, written in the same style. And instead of throwing it in the trash, the military reissued the book with all the notes in a limited edition.

Mr. Allende's Mystery

Neither the police nor his family doubted that it was suicide, especially since he wrote two farewell letters to relatives and friends. Jessup was severely depressed due to numerous failures - he was in a car accident, his wife filed for divorce, his books were not selling... But in the ufological community there was talk that he “came too close to the truth”, “he was removed.” Rumors surrounding the “experiment” immediately perked up noticeably.

The famous researcher of anomalous phenomena Charles Berlitz, the author of more than once exposed “masterpieces” about the Bermuda Triangle, and his co-author William Moore took up the matter.

Using the envelopes on which return addresses were indicated, the co-authors easily found the “elusive Mr. Allende.” But his name was not revealed to the general public. At the meeting, he added many colorful details to the description of the experiment, but admitted that he had “slightly exaggerated” the story about the dire consequences for the team. He allegedly feared that the research results would fall into the wrong hands and this would have dire consequences.

And in 1979, Berlitz and Moore's bestseller, The Philadelphia Experiment, was published. It tells the now classic story of the disappearance of the destroyer Eldridge.

Ufologists are on the trail

A page from the Eldridge's logbook. On the day of the “Philadelphia experiment,” the ship was anchored... in New York.

Could the Eldridge and Andrew Furset have been docked together in port in 1943? When ufologists requested their logs, it turned out that the Eldridge did not call at Philadelphia in 1943!

The Eldridge rolled off the New York docks and was accepted by the Navy on August 27, 1943. Throughout the fall and December, the destroyer accompanied convoys heading to the US capital, and did not even come close to Philadelphia. During this time, the Andrew Furset, assigned to the port of Norfolk, also took part in Atlantic convoys and never entered Philadelphia! His captain, W. S. Dodge, categorically denied throughout his life that he or the members of his crew saw anything unusual, much less took part in experiments. Although the Eldridge and Andrew Furset visited Norfolk in 1943, they never met as they were there on different days!

Some supporters of the legend claim that the invisibility experiment was carried out on August 12 or 15 on an unfinished ship that was towed to Philadelphia. But the documents clearly show that the Eldridge could not leave the docks until August 27th.

Some books write that the fatal experiment was called “Rainbow”. But now it is no longer a secret that during the war the name “Rainbow” was used by staff plans for possible military actions against the countries of the “Rome-Berlin-Tokyo” axis. When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the US military immediately launched Plan Rainbow V. The rules do not allow two identical codenames, so there could not be another "Rainbow".

Librarian Lawrence Cousche, author of the books “Unraveling the Bermuda Triangle” and “The Disappearance of the 19th Squadron,” also found out the reason for the increased attention of the military to Jessup’s book marked “Allende.” It turned out that Captain George Hoover was fascinated by UFOs, trying to apply the knowledge gained by ufologists to promising engines and experimental aircraft. Having received the covered book in his hands, he thought that “perhaps there is something here.” Hoover's enthusiasm for UFOs was shared by many of his colleagues. One of them, J. J. Smith, decided to reproduce the book, but did not calculate that its copies would go around and cause a sensation.

Tesla and Einstein: a bad choice

The declassified FBI dossier on Einstein proves that the US authorities, neither during the war nor after it, did not trust the scientist, considering him unreliable.

By the beginning of the 21st century, 15 people from the destroyer’s crew remained alive. They unanimously refute the legend.

An attempt to connect the “Philadelphia experiment” with the name of Nikola Tesla was even more unsuccessful. The Serbian genius died before the destroyer Eldridge was launched, on January 7, 1943.

Tricks and real experiences

To protect against mines, the steel ship was equipped with a “belt” surrounding the hull. When current is applied, it becomes a powerful electromagnet. Degaussization offered two possibilities: repeatedly strengthening the magnetic field so that the mines exploded at a distance without causing harm, or neutralizing the ship's magnetic field in such a way that even the most sensitive mine would not “notice” it. The choice fell on the second option, which required careful measurements of the magnetic field of each ship.

Since the procedure for degaussing and measuring the ship's own magnetic field was initially secret, a variety of rumors circulated among the ship's crews. Sailors saw that compasses and even watches “went crazy” because of strange cables, and believed that this could make them impotent.

It seems that Allen saw just such a procedure somewhere: stretched cables and incomprehensible equipment could impress anyone. But how did he come up with the idea that the experiment made the ship invisible, causing it to disappear? This piece of the puzzle was discovered by ufologist John Keel:

“During the Second World War, magician Joseph Danninger, an expert in organizing spectacles, proposed to the US Navy to make their ships invisible. Dunninger may have had camouflage in mind, but his proposal was widely publicized at the time. It is very possible that Allen saw these articles and made up his own story based on them.”

* Very similar to the truth. Letters with the most crazy ideas that come to our editorial office sometimes look exactly the same. - Department of Science "KP".

BY THE WAY

In 1999, for the first time since the end of the war, sailors who served on the destroyer Eldridge gathered in Atlantic City. The meeting was widely covered in the United States, but for some reason went unnoticed in Russia. There are only fifteen of them left, including the ship's captain, 84-year-old Bill van Allen. Of course, at the meeting, talk about the “experiment” came up, which gave the veterans many funny moments.

“I have no idea how this story came about,” Van Allen shrugged. The other sailors were also unanimous.

“I think somebody came up with this while they were high,” said 74-year-old Ed Wise. Another former sailor, Tad Davis, said simply and clearly: “No experiments were ever done on us.”

“When people asked me about the “experiment,” I agreed and said that yes, I was disappearing. True, they soon realized that I was pranking them,” admitted Ray Perrigno.

The Philadelphia Experiment is one of the most famous unsolved mysteries of the 20th century.

During World War II, the countries involved in the conflict were looking for a new way to win quickly and effectively, no matter how fantastic this method may seem. At that time, the US Navy was obsessed with the idea of ​​​​creating the perfect camouflage for the ship, capable of making it invisible to enemy radar and protecting it from magnetic mines. According to some sources, in 1943 in Philadelphia, the US military allegedly tried to create such a ship, but the experiment got out of control and led to the most unexpected consequences.

Versions and assumptions regarding the course of the Philadelphia experiment and its results are still expressed, and researchers continue to argue about whether it was a fait accompli, a newspaper duck, or well-developed disinformation.

Experiment

It is believed that with the help of this experiment, US military scientists tried to check whether an ultra-high-power electromagnetic field, generated in a special way around an object, can lead to its complete visual disappearance due to the fact that light and radio waves begin to bend around it. If successful, scientists and engineers hoped to build several destroyers that could disappear not only from enemy radar screens, but literally from sight. In addition, physicists were going to test in practice the unified field theory formulated by Albert Einstein. And according to some unconfirmed information, he himself was involved in this experience.

According to the most common version, the experiment was carried out on October 28, 1943 in the port of Philadelphia. The destroyer Eldridge with its entire crew of 181 crew members on board was chosen as the target. To conduct the experiment, 4 powerful generators of electromagnetic oscillations were mounted on board the ship, which, according to scientists, were supposed to create that same invisible electromagnetic cocoon around the hull of the ship.

From early morning, the destroyer took up a position in the dock assigned to it. The experiment was monitored by senior Navy officials and scientists from a command ship moored nearby, while observers from other departments were stationed on the merchant ship Andrew Furset. Exactly at 09:00, the order was given to start the generators, and within a few minutes a thick greenish haze enveloped the destroyer, and 12 minutes later it disappeared in front of the amazed spectators.

Only 4 hours later, the ship appeared several tens of kilometers from the place of the experiment - in Norfolk, not far from its reserve parking lot, literally appearing out of thin air. It remained virtually undamaged (except that the on-board clock and compasses were out of order), which could not be said about its large crew. Most of the sailors died during the experiment, and the death of some of them occurred under extremely strange and unusual circumstances. Most of the survivors went crazy, and when they were found, they were busy rushing through the corridors of the ship with loud laughter and inarticulate screams, hitting the walls or tearing their hands and faces with their nails. Only 21 out of 181 people returned safe and sound, maintaining their sanity, but it took them a long time to come to their senses after what they saw. All survivors were immediately quarantined and thoroughly interrogated in order to reconstruct in detail everything that happened on the destroyer Eldridge during his absence. Judging by the data obtained, during the experiment on board the ship something happened that scientists had never encountered before and could not give an explanation for.

As a result, according to the testimony of those interviewed, the following was established. Immediately after turning on the generators, all people on board, without exception, began to experience an inexplicable and growing anxiety. As the greenish fog thickened, many people's anxiety turned into panic. And by the time the ship disappeared from the field of view of observers, the horror had become so strong that none of the crew could do anything or make any observations. So many team members have only fragmentary memories and vivid images of what happened. Moreover, at first the testimonies of the survivors were not even taken seriously, they were so unrealistic - they were written off as severe stress. But further investigation and a detailed examination of the Eldridge confirmed much of what the sailors said.

Some of the dead crew members froze motionless in place in various positions and stopped breathing, turning into an eerie resemblance of statues. Others burned because temperature anomalies arose in several places on the ship - the heat there was such that even the metal melted. The lucky ones who managed to escape from such places said that people began to smoke, and their skin turned red and seemed to be heating up. Some burned for a very long time - according to witnesses, about several hours, although it was not possible to establish this precisely, since the sailors admitted that at that moment they could not adequately estimate the time. Some of the surviving madmen also had burns, sometimes so severe that the victims later died. Some of the sailors were exposed to radiation, which was revealed later during medical examinations and autopsies; others received severe electric shocks. The 27 sailors seemed to have grown into the bulkheads and structures of the ship, as if human bodies and metal had become one. Two survivors later said that they saw with their own eyes how people passed through the walls. This is exactly how the bodies that merged with the ship appeared: some of those who “entered” the bulkheads froze in the middle and were unable to get out.

Of course, both the experiment itself and its consequences were strictly classified. All investigation materials, photographs and newsreels, autopsy results and testimonies of surviving eyewitnesses were sent to protected archives, and some of them were immediately destroyed. Representatives of the US Navy and other witnesses in the case were ordered to categorically deny the fact of the experiment, and to call any information about it fiction and lies. But rumors still continued to spread.

Publicity

The Philadelphia Experiment first became known to the public thanks to astrophysicist, mathematician and ufologist Maurice Ketchum Jessup from Iowa. He did not seek public recognition - he simply wrote articles and books on topics that interested him. In the 1950s, he became particularly interested in the then popular “unidentified flying objects”, so in 1955 Mr. Jessup published his next book, “The Case for UFOs.” This work, attempting to answer the question “What is a UFO?” from a scientific point of view, did not become a bestseller, but it was thanks to it that Maurice received a strange letter from a certain Mr. Carlos Miguel Allende, who was very interested in the section of the book on the properties of space and time. In this letter, the unknown person claimed that the US military, using secret technology in practice, could, paradoxically, move objects “outside the usual Space and Time.” Mr. Jessup asked for clarification and a year later received a much more detailed letter, which described in detail all the details of the classified experiment.

The author of the message claimed that he served in 1943 on the ship "Andrew Furset", which was part of the control group of the Philadelphia experiment, and saw with his own eyes everything that happened to the destroyer "Eldridge". Here are excerpts from his letter, which was later made public:

"Carlos Miguel Allende, New Kensington, Pennsylvania

The “result” was the complete invisibility of a destroyer-type ship at sea and its entire crew. The magnetic field had the shape of a rotating ellipsoid and extended 100 m (more or less, depending on the position of the Moon and the degree of longitude) on both sides of the ship. Everyone who was in this field had only blurry outlines...

Those who were outside the magnetic field saw nothing at all, except for the sharply defined trace of the ship's hull in the water - provided, of course, that they were close enough to the magnetic field, but still outside it... Half of the officers and crew members of that ship completely insane now. Some, even to this day, are kept in appropriate institutions where they will receive qualified scientific help when they are either “soaring,” as they themselves call it, or “soaring and getting stuck.” This “floating” is a consequence of being in a magnetic field for too long.

If a person is “stuck,” then he is unable to move of his own free will unless one or two companions who are nearby come and touch him, because otherwise he will “freeze.” Usually the “deep-frozen” person loses his mind, goes berserk and talks nonsense if the “freezing” lasted more than one day according to our time count.

I'm talking about time, but the “frozen” perceive the passage of time differently than we do. They resemble people in a twilight state, who live, breathe, hear and feel, but do not perceive so much that they seem to exist only in the next world. They perceive time differently than you or I.

Very few of the team members who took part in the experiment remained... Most lost their minds, one simply disappeared “through” the wall of his own apartment in front of his wife and child. Two other crew members were "ignited", that is, they "froze" and caught fire while hauling small boat compasses; one was carrying a compass and caught fire, and the other rushed to him to “lay on his hand,” but also caught fire. They burned for 18 days. Faith in the effectiveness of the laying on of hands was destroyed, and a general madness began. The experiment as such was absolutely successful. It had a fatal effect on the crew..."

Of course, upon receiving this letter, Maurice Jessup accepted the possibility that it was not an entirely real, but rather an exaggerated account of a mysterious event. Yet there were many secret experiments conducted during World War II - why shouldn't the Philadelphia Experiment be one of them? After all, the letter contained too many real details: names, place names, dates and events.

Jessup could not ignore such a sensation and immediately began to investigate: he went to the archives, looked for eyewitnesses, talked with military men and sailors, and, they say, found a lot of evidence that the experiment took place. He was finally confirmed in his opinion when he was unexpectedly summoned to the US Office of Naval Research. The fact is that shortly before this, a parcel arrived there with an Easter card and Jessup’s new book, “The Advanced Argument for UFOs,” all the fields of which were covered with notes in blue, purple and green ink. The notes contained overt allusions to Einstein's unified field theory, the Philadelphia experiment, the names of the high command of the US Navy and links to classified documents and materials. Of course, Mr. Maurice Jessup was asked to explain. He immediately appeared and, having studied the book, came to the conclusion that the notes in the margins in blue ink were written in the same handwriting as the letters of the mysterious Mr. Allende. According to Jessup himself, employees of the Office of Naval Research admitted to him during that conversation that such an experiment was actually carried out in the fall of 1943, but whether it really happened, we will never know.

After this conversation, the search for Allende began in earnest, but he remained elusive, although he continued to regularly write to Jessup. In his messages, he reported more and more new facts about the Philadelphia experiment. He spoke in detail about the field of static electricity that engulfed the Eldridge, into which he even stuck his hand and survived after that only thanks to high sailor rubber boots and a rubberized sou'wester. He wrote a lot about the unique force field that moved counterclockwise around the Eldridge, and its supposed properties. Also, according to him, Albert Einstein himself was present at a certain stage of the experiment.

Such letters arrived for two years, until, finally, the correspondence was interrupted in the most tragic way. Perhaps the Philadelphia Experiment would never have become public knowledge if not for the mysterious and sudden death of Maurice Jessup. On April 20, 1959, he was found in his car, suffocated by exhaust fumes. Perhaps he committed suicide due to numerous debts, or perhaps the reason for the sudden decision to take his own life was a protracted creative crisis - he could not finish his new book, which was entirely dedicated to what happened with the destroyer Eldridge. There is also an opinion that Jessup learned too much, and they helped him die quickly. However, the police unequivocally decided that Morris, being very drunk and under the influence of a large number of antidepressants, himself brought the hose from the exhaust pipe into the interior of the car, plugged all the cracks, started the engine and soon suffocated. This is confirmed by the fact that shortly before his death he wrote two farewell letters to relatives and friends.

But Jessup's cause did not remain without followers. His comrades and co-authors Ivan Sanderson and Dr. Manson Valentine, immediately after Maurice's death, took up their own investigation with renewed enthusiasm - and soon received results. Thus, some documents were found confirming that from 1943 to 1944 Einstein served in the Navy Department in Washington. Both living witnesses to what happened with “Eldridge” and those who allegedly personally saw sheets of paper with calculations made in Einstein’s handwriting were discovered. Even an old clipping from some “yellow” newspaper of those times was found, telling about sailors who got off the ship and instantly melted into thin air in front of many witnesses. Having collected this material, Jessup’s followers published a book called “The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility,” in which they used the information obtained, Allende’s letters and all of Jussup’s work. Later, 16 more bestsellers and 3 feature films were released. This is how the Philadelphia Experiment, whether it actually happened or not, gained worldwide fame.

So what really happened to the destroyer Eldridge? Was everything described in the book true or the imagination of the authors exaggerated to incredible proportions? Or did the experiment really take place, and the hype around the disappearance of the ship was raised only to hide its real results from the general public?

In search of truth

Since the publication of the book “The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility,” attempts to find out the truth have not stopped to this day. Many believe that everything written by Allende, Jessup and his followers is the pure truth.

For many years, the search for the same Carlos Miguel Allende was carried out, and both independent researchers and journalists, as well as government officials, searched for him. They used telephone books, mailing lists from address bureaus, information databases of morgues and police stations, even personal files of military personnel. Dozens of impostors gave interviews, stirring up interest in the topic and telling more and more “fried” facts about the Philadelphia experiment. At the same time, the American military departments, the White House and the Capitol were literally inundated with letters from concerned citizens who were interested in only one question: was the Philadelphia Experiment carried out or not? The government did not immediately answer these questions, further convincing the general public that the US Navy had something to hide. The Office of Naval Research published a refutation only on September 8, 1996 in an official communiqué, which denied the experiment as a fact. But interest in the topic did not disappear after this statement, but rather even reached a new level. A lot of refutations from independent experts and researchers appeared in the press and on television.

So even now, almost every year, more and more interesting facts about the sensational experiment appear. One of them was the recorded and published story of the American electronics engineer Edom Skilling: “In 1990, my friend Margaret Sandys invited me and my friends to visit Dr. Carl Leisler, her neighbor, to discuss some details of the Philadelphia Experiment. Carl Leisler, a physicist, was one of the scientists who worked on this project in 1943. They wanted to make a warship invisible to radar. A powerful electronic device such as a huge magnetron was installed on board. The magnetron is an ultrashort wave generator classified during World War II. This device received energy from electrical machines installed on the ship, the power of which was enough to supply electricity to a small city. The idea behind the experiment was that the very strong electromagnetic field around the ship would act as a shield for radar beams. When the magnetron started working, the ship disappeared. After some time he reappeared, but all the sailors on board were dead. Moreover, part of their corpses turned into steel - the material from which the ship was made. Leisler and his colleagues in the experiment believe that they sent the ship to another time, and the ship disintegrated into molecules, and when the reverse process occurred, a partial replacement of the organic molecules of human bodies with metal atoms occurred.”

Refutations

Of course, in addition to the “fans” of the story of the Philadelphia Experiment, there are also skeptics who flatly refuse to believe both in individual details of what happened and in the existence of the project as a whole. It must be admitted that their arguments also sound very convincing.

So, if you believe Allende’s letters and data found later, Albert Einstein took part in the work on the project. However, the US government did not trust the genius too much, because it was common knowledge that he openly sympathized with the communists. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover issued a harsh verdict: “Because of his radical views, Professor Einstein cannot be considered suitable for use in secret work, since it seems unlikely that a person of such a type would become a completely trustworthy American citizen in such a short time.” So at that time, Einstein was assigned only minor tasks that could not seriously affect the course of the war, and in 1943-1944 he worked for the US Navy Ordnance Department. It is safe to say that his work had nothing to do with electromagnetism, much less invisibility.

The second argument of those of little faith is that, according to the logs, the destroyer Eldridge could not have been in the port of Philadelphia in October 1943, since it was undergoing repairs at the Norfolk docks.

But the main argument was and remains the fact that the sailors who served on the destroyer Eldridge unanimously deny the fact of the experiment. In 1999, their first meeting since the end of the war took place in Atlantic City. By this time, only 15 people remained, including the 84-year-old captain. Of course, the meeting was not without questions about the Philadelphia Experiment, to which the captain and the rest of the sailors unanimously replied that they had no idea how this ridiculous story arose. For example, Ed Wise categorically stated that such a thing could only be invented "high on dope". And Ray Perrigno admitted: “When people asked me about the “experiment,” I agreed and said that yes, I was disappearing. True, they soon realized that I was playing them.”.

Data

But the facts remain facts - in 1943, many scientists in all the warring countries were concerned about the safety of sea vessels. Then a lot of experiments were carried out to protect the ship from the recently appeared magnetic mines and torpedoes. Such a procedure - degaussization - could make battleships and destroyers “invisible” to them. According to many researchers, the legend of the Philadelphia Experiment, created by Miguel Allende, could be based on one of these experiments that were carried out at that time, including in the port of Philadelphia.

Degaussization offered two options: repeatedly amplifying the ship's magnetic field so that the mines would explode at a distance without causing harm, or neutralizing the ship's own magnetic field so that even the most sensitive mine would not go off. The first method presupposed the presence of huge electric coils and an abundance of wires and equipment on board the ship. For protection according to the second option, the steel ship was equipped with a special, carefully selected personal belt that surrounded the entire hull. A current was supplied to the belt, making it a powerful electromagnet that neutralized the ship's magnetic field. By the way, after experiments it became clear that the latter proved to be better.

Naturally, during the degaussization work, some instruments on board the ship, for example, mechanical clocks or magnetic compasses, literally went crazy or instantly failed. It is not surprising that many stories appeared among sailors about such mysterious cases, where the facts were generously flavored with fiction. In addition, the procedure for demagnetizing a ship and changing its own magnetic field was at first a strictly secret military development, so there was a lack of facts about such experiments. But there were plenty of rumors.

Probably, Miguel Allende saw a similar procedure somewhere or heard about it and figured out what was missing: incomprehensible equipment, huge machines and a secret government experiment could impress and inspire anyone. Over time, it was also explained how the idea of ​​​​the invisibility and disappearance of the ship could have occurred to him. Journalist John Keel, a researcher of the Philadelphia phenomenon, wrote in his book: “During World War II, magician Joseph Danninger, an expert in performing arts, suggested that the US Navy make their ships invisible. Perhaps Dunninger had in mind a cunning trick or a special disguise, but at the time his proposal received wide publicity in the press. It is very possible that Allende saw these articles and invented his own story based on them.”

Another, no less convincing version says that Maurice Jessup made a fuss about the Philadelphia experiment not by accident, but with the aim of spreading misinformation in order to hide the real facts about the degaussification experiments and, most importantly, their results. But researchers disagree on whether Jessup wrote, as they say, “under dictation” from officials of the US Navy Department or whether he himself was a victim of misinformation cleverly launched by the unknown Mr. Allende.

Will the mystery of the destroyer Eldridge ever be solved? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. Time passes, and fewer and fewer people are left alive who could claim to know the facts first-hand. It is quite possible that the truth will disappear into oblivion along with the witnesses - or those who call themselves such. Or maybe it will forever settle as a dead weight in the depths of some archives, in a folder marked “Top Secret.”

Planet magazine, September 2015

(C)Null transport?

Fans of the legend about the experiment
"Philadelphia" says that after the appearance of the destroyer "Eldridge" in
several tens of kilometers from Philadelphia on the open sea it turned out,
that some sailors are missing limbs, but their stumps are firmly
grown into the metal parts of the ship. in other words, molecules
human bodies and ship equipment mixed with each other,
as if man and machine were a single organism. This, they say
supporters of the theory, it is possible only with zero-transportation - instantaneous
moving objects at the molecular level. Although this is somehow not
I believe it, taking into account the fact that today there are successes in such experiments
Not a single scientist has achieved it.

Disappearance of people

According to rumors, some sailors from
"Eldridge" simply disappeared without a trace during the experiment and was declared
missing. True, no one published a list of missing people, and
There were no demonstrations of angry relatives of the missing...

Invisibility cloak?

Some claim that the Philadelphia experiment was started
US government to test technology that would allow
hide ships from enemy radars. However, judging by the fact that this
the technology was never used, it is unlikely that it was ready for
practical application in 1943. Or maybe the project was stopped,
because the experiment ended in failure? No answer...

Malicious aliens?..

Ufologist Morris Jessup, auto book "The Case for UFOs", after
war announced that he had found a witness who saw the disappearance of "Eldridge", and
that he was going to conduct his own investigation into the incident. That's just
No one ever saw the results of this investigation. Once in the evening
Jessup called his friend, promising to come and tell him about
sensational results of his investigation. But he never reached his friend
arrived, and the next day was found suffocated in his car
from exhaust gases. Investigators say Jessup committed suicide
due to family troubles. Or maybe aliens are to blame after all?..

Carlos Miguel Allende

And here is the man who deprived Jessup of peace. his name is Carlos Miguel
Allende. After Jessup's death, Allende publicly declared that
witnessed the Philadelphia experiment and knows a lot about it. Here
only everyone who communicated with him (by the way, including Jessup) recommended
him as a person, to put it mildly, with quirks. Or maybe it's all intrigues
intelligence services?..

Or maybe the Russians are involved here?

Only die-hard conspiracy theorists believe in this version, but they believe passionately,
like all fanatics. In their opinion, Jessup still managed to unearth something
interesting information about the Philadelphia experiment, and not just “something”, but the whole
"invisibility cloak" technology for ships! Intelligence found out about this
Russians and tried to kidnap Jessup. But US intelligence found out about this and
She killed the ufologist-investigator first, so that she would not fall to her enemies.
Twisted, right? There is only one weak point in this theory: the lack
any trace of this mysterious technology in the real world.

Where is the list of Eldridge sailors?

So, no one knows for sure whether the Eldridge sailors were victims
mysterious experiment or not. But one thing is certain: not one
the investigator over the past decades has not been able to obtain a list
sailors of the Eldridge as of October 1943. Meanwhile, at
The Navy command has such lists for each ship. It turns out that the military
have something to hide?..

Time travel?

The most mysterious version of the disappearance of "Eldridge" was announced in 1984
year in the feature film "The Philadelphia Experiment". According to this version,
the ship, in order to hide from enemy radar, did not travel through
space, but through time. And for a while he found himself in the future!
The version is exciting - but alas, as proof we can only cite
script of the film...

Green fog

So was there really a “Philadelphia” experiment, or didn’t it happen? To
to prove that something similar did happen, supporters
conspiracy theory, they found witnesses who claimed that in the bay
In Philadelphia that day, a green fog suddenly formed, hiding
ship. It’s not easy to come up with such a prominent and memorable detail...
Of course, if they don’t tell you about it. So were the witnesses sincere, or
Are we just talking about the tricks of conspiracy theorists? No answer.

Some sailors on the Eldridge have gone crazy.

Another proof found by supporters of the legend of the experiment
"Philadelphia". According to them, after the war, some sailors with
the ship "Eldridge" ended up in a psychiatric hospital after World War II
hospital. Did the green fog drive them crazy, or were they thrown into a mental hospital?
government agencies to ensure silence? Reply to this
the question is impossible - first of all, because no one has been able to
present a list of sailors who have gone mad. Deception again? Or better
secret services cover?

Did Einstein participate in the Philadelphia experiment?

Be that as it may, two acts are indisputable. Firstly, Albert Einstein
In 1943 he actually worked for the US Navy. Secondly, at this time
somewhere in the depths of the lot, a certain experiment was actually being implemented
"Rainbow", associated with attempts to hide American ships from attention
enemy radars. Then the guesswork begins. Indeed, Albert
Einstein is a recognized genius, so wouldn't he have invented a way to do
destroyer invisible? Or you will order me not to believe in genius anymore
Einstein? By God, it’s much easier to believe in the disappearance of the Eldridge!

Department of Naval Research

Direct connection to existence in the US Navy Department
naval research and experiment "Philadelphia" no one can find
failed. However, conspiracy theorists find in existence itself
department semblance of evidence. Is it really possible that the entire department
failed to make war

Cinema is for experimentation!

In addition to conspiracy theorists, the Philadelphia experiment has another group
stubborn supporters are Hollywood filmmakers. First film
entitled "The Philadelphia Experiment" was filmed back in 1984, and in
In 2012, its full namesake appeared on the screens - the film "Experiment"
"Philadelphia", in which the same experiment was repeated a second time,
and with the participation of former Eldridge sailors. Everything turned out very
convincing, except for one thing: what about those merged with
metal handrails, disappeared and gone crazy? Were they invited too?

Second experiment?

According to the same sole witness of the "Iladelphia" experiment
Carlos Miguel Allende, the destroyer USS Eldridge disappeared at least twice.
As Allende explains, during his service on the destroyer Andrew Uruset,
while stationed in Norfolk, he and his colleagues saw the first
disappearance of the Eldridge. It supposedly happened a few months before
the infamous Philadelphia experiment. But, apparently, at that time
something went wrong, and so the experiment had to be repeated. However,
There were no other supporters of the version of the second experiment, besides Allende.
announced. Maybe because Hollywood abandoned the film "Experiment"
Is Norfolk still at the script stage?

Testimony of Robert Gorman

Robert Gorman is another amateur investigator who published
a number of materials about the Philadelphia experiment. Necessary
to say, he never provided a single real proof of his views
brought. But at least with his emergence of public conspiracy theorists,
confident in the reality of the experiment has increased by 50% - if
remember Allende and Jessup.

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….

1 The concept of “Traditions of an adventure book”: features, heroes, style…………………………………………………………………..

2 Traditions of adventure books for children in the work of A. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel” ……………………………

3 Literary game based on the book by A. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”: from the experience of a teacher ………………………………………………………

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………

LIST OF SOURCES USED…………………………..

INTRODUCTION

Literature for children and youth is a field of artistic creativity. Includes artistic, scientific-artistic and popular science works written specifically for children and meeting the spiritual and aesthetic needs of the child and the possibilities of his perception.

Among the arts addressed directly to children, literature plays a leading role. It is associated with great opportunities for the development of the emotional sphere of the child’s personality, imaginative thinking, the formation of the foundations of a worldview and moral ideas in children, and the expansion of their horizons. Literature for children and youth has caused a lot of controversy and discussion about whether it can be considered a department. type of art, which is the main thing in works for children - the laws of artistic creativity or the educational function. Edification, the requirements of clarity and accessibility often determined the relatively low level of works written specifically for children against the general literary background. But in the circle of children's reading, those works were kept that satisfied the child's needs for figurative, emotional words, a clear and entertaining depiction of the phenomena of reality.

Adventure literature is one of the types of narrative literature with rapidly developing action, built on a chain of more or less random events; the fascination of the plot in adventure literature often replaces the deep depiction of pictures of life and typical characters.

“The Adventures of Captain Vrungel” is a funny story about the incredible adventures of Captain Vrungel, his senior mate Lom and sailor Fuchs, who circumnavigated the world on the yacht “Trouble.” New funny adventures happen to the heroes of the story, they are subjected to new incredible tests, but, led by the fearless, resourceful and all-knowing captain Vrungel, they complete their fantastic journey with honor.

Purpose of the work: to consider the traditions of adventure books for children in A. Nekrasov’s work “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”.

The object of the study is the tradition of the adventure book.

Subject - traditions of adventure books for children in the work of A. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”.

Research objectives:

1) Consider the concept of “Traditions of an adventure book”: features, heroes, style.

2) Reveal the traditions of adventure books for children in A. Nekrasov’s work “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel.”

3) Propose, from the teacher’s experience, a literary game based on A. Nekrasov’s book “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel.”

Research methods: analysis of linguistic and speech literature on the research topic.

The structure of the course work. The course work consists of an introduction, three paragraphs, a conclusion, and a bibliography containing 16 sources. The total volume of work is 26 pages.

1 The concept of “Traditions of an adventure book”: features, heroes, style

Adventure literature occupies a large place in the reading circle of teenagers, and this is due to the fact that it meets certain needs of the emerging personality. It is at this age that the craving for everything unknown, unknown, and dangerous is stronger than ever, and the grown-up reader finds all this on the pages of adventure books. The uniqueness of adventure literature lies in the fact that it tells its readers about unusual events and unusual circumstances, creating a special world that is different from everyday reality.

The eventful basis of the work is made up of exciting adventures, the narrative is action-packed, develops rapidly, unexpected plot twists and the intersection of several storylines are possible. The best examples of adventure literature are written in such a way that they are read in one breath and hold the reader's attention from the first to the last page. The action of adventure stories and novels takes place, as a rule, in exotic and distant countries, on uninhabited islands (“Treasure Island” by Stevenson), in the underwater depths (“Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea” by J. Verne), or even in outer space. or on other planets (“Aelita” by A.N. Tolstoy).

The time of action may vary, but most often it is as distant as possible from the present moment, the events unfold either in the distant past (several centuries ago) or transferred to the future (this is especially typical for that part of adventure literature that is commonly called fantasy). Moreover, a common motif is travel, movement in space and time, so that within the framework of one work the place and time of action can change several times. The main task of the narrative is to report real or fictitious incidents, and the main goal of the author is to shake the reader’s imagination and surprise him.

Hence the acuteness of the plot situations, the intensity of passions, the motives for kidnapping, persecution, secrets, and incredible scientific discoveries. But adventure literature not only affects the reader’s emotions and gives food to his imagination, it expands the scope of his ideas about the world, broadens his horizons. Adventure novels and stories are often rich in historical, geographical and other details, so that while experiencing extraordinary adventures with the heroes, the teenager simultaneously receives a large amount of new information, which is often remembered better than the same information from school textbooks.

In general, adventure literature greatly contributes to the intellectual and emotional development of a teenager’s personality. It should also be noted that adventure literature is a rather broad concept; it can include such phenomena as detective and science fiction works. Sometimes it is quite difficult to attribute a specific work to any of these genres, therefore, when we say “adventure literature”, we will mean all of the above concepts.

Heroes of adventure works are another reason for the enormous popularity of this type of prose among teenagers. At the center of the artistic world of a work is usually an extraordinary personality, a “superman”, a hero in the full sense of the word. He can do what the average school student can only dream of. The character of the hero is revealed as the plot develops: overcoming trials, finding himself in seemingly hopeless situations, coming face to face with powerful enemies, insurmountable obstacles and unimaginable dangers, he invariably emerges victorious.

In addition, it demonstrates other positive properties: it helps the weak, protects the offended, and restores justice. At the same time, nothing human is alien to him: he may be poor, ugly, he does not even necessarily have physical strength, but all these shortcomings are compensated by the strength of his mind, resourcefulness and luck. Outstanding personal qualities are certainly rewarded in the finale: the poor Gascon D'Artagnan becomes a lieutenant of the royal musketeers, the boy Jim defeats a gang of pirates and finds hidden treasure, and the weak little hobbit Frodo completely rids the world of universal evil. This image carries a powerful educational charge, he evokes the reader’s sympathy and the desire, if not in everything, then at least in part, to be like him. At the same time, the didactic principle is well disguised, hidden behind the twists and turns of the plot and does not cause protest from the grown-up reader.

The system of images in an adventure story or novel is usually polar: all characters are divided into enemies and friends of the main character. The images of negative characters are developed in no less detail than the images of positive characters. Most often, these are the opposites of the main character: they are just as strong, smart and inventive, but at the same time they have evil intentions and insidious plans, they care about their own benefit to the detriment of the interests, and sometimes the lives of those around them.

This opposition characterizes the humanistic orientation of adventure literature: it is not so much the “superhuman” capabilities of the heroes that are valuable, but their human qualities. Thus, adventure literature develops in line with universal human ethical ideas and conveys them to its reader.

All of the above features determine the style of adventure literature. It must captivate its reader, so the language of such prose must be lively and accessible. The plot is eventful, so the text is replete with verb forms and complex syntactic structures.

The narrative element clearly predominates, the amount of description is kept to a minimum, and even the landscape or portrait images are dynamic: they prepare the reader for how the action will develop at this stage of the story. The main means of characterizing the hero are his actions, while in a portrait attention is focused on several striking features of appearance, details of clothing, and behavioral features. The narrative as a whole is structured in such a way as to hold the reader’s attention for as long as possible, therefore the effect of surprise is used as a favorite compositional device: the recently deceased hero miraculously returns to life, at the most dangerous moment his friends come to his aid, and the enemy’s weapon turns out to be unloaded.

Adventure literature is literature of large forms that gives scope to the author's and reader's imagination, therefore the adventure novel becomes the most common genre. Inside the work, the voluminous text is divided into chapters, each of which often ends “at the most interesting place,” at the moment of an unexpected plot twist. In addition, to interest the reader, adventure prose strives for the effect of authenticity.

Thus, the work includes real geographical names, dates, names of historical figures and other characteristic signs of the place and time being described: the characters’ clothing, features of their speech, their social status. The entire style of adventure literature is aimed at creating a holistic artistic world that lives according to its own laws and is not inferior in authenticity to the real world.

Sources of adventure literature. Genetically, adventure literature goes back to many literary phenomena, in particular to the folklore genre of the fairy tale, to the adventure story, for it is also based on a dynamic, unpredictable plot, full of mysteries and paradoxes.

Works of adventure literature are always among the most beloved by children, regardless of whether they were created specifically for a child or gradually entered the circle of children's and youth reading, since they met the psychological characteristics of these age categories, the moral, aesthetic and cognitive needs of the younger generation.

Adventure genres in their pure form emerged in literature relatively late. However, their features have long been an obligatory component in works where, for example, the main, genre-forming principle is the historical component.

1. Thus, the Lives of the Saints certainly tell about seemingly incredible turns of fate of the hero, about situations of the character’s “choice” between life and death, about his courageous overcoming of his human weaknesses, about victory over them in the most “hopeless” collisions for him. In support, one can refer to the Life of St. Sergius of Radonezh, the Life of Alexander Nevsky, etc.

2. Another source of adventure literature itself is contained in the works of the travel genre, which in Russia manifested itself especially intensively in the 18th century. .

A special role in the development of European adventure genres was played by some literary works, such as D. Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe,” which became a “model” for a number of later “Robinsonades,” which varied the adventures of the hero of Defoe’s book in different ways.

On the other hand, a powerful impetus for the development of adventure literature over the centuries was given by great geographical discoveries, which were widely and variedly refracted in world romance.

Adventure genres are most directly related to the genres of science fiction and detective fiction. The first reflects the difficult-to-understand circumstances in which the hero finds himself, while the second reveals a “twisted plot” that can still be imagined realistically.

The features of these genres, as they were outlined back in the late 18th-19th centuries. are largely preserved today. This:

1. Robinsonade, the obligatory components of which are “journey”, “failure of hopes”, “shipwreck”, discovery of a previously unknown land, finding oneself, personal self-affirmation after the hero goes through numerous extreme and existential situations.

2. Sea adventures, which were written about by many famous authors, starting from W. Scott, F. Cooper, Captain Marryat and other writers.

3. “Land” adventures - travel to mysterious countries, dense forests, deserted deserts, etc.

4. There is a powerful “adventure” branch in historical novels. These are works by V. Scott, A. Dumas, and in our case M. Zagoskin, Vs. Solovyov, D. Mordovtsev and a number of other writers of the 19th century, and in the 20th century. - L. Charskoy, L. Panteleeva, A. Rybakova and others.

Thus, adventure literature is fiction in which the main purpose of the narrative is to provide an entertaining account of real or fictitious incidents.

2 Traditions of adventure books for children in A. Nekrasov’s work “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”

“The Adventures of Captain Vrungel” is a humorous story by the Soviet writer A. Nekrasov. The book was first published in the Pioneer magazine in 1937, in an abbreviated form (or rather in the form of illustrations with captions, i.e., actually in the form of a comic book), a full-fledged book edition was published in 1939. The novel is parodied as popular in the 30s. e years of the 20th century, stories about sailors, as well as stereotypes about foreigners and individual states.

The main character of the book is Captain Vrungel, whose surname parodies the surname Wrangel, the first part of this surname uses the word “liar”. Vrungel, whose name has become a household name, is the maritime equivalent of Baron Munchausen, telling tall tales about his sailing adventures.

A. Nekrasov, before becoming a writer, changed many professions, he himself was a sailor and traveler, and visited many corners of the Earth. He wrote down stories and tales that his comrades told. Boris Zhitkov advised Andrey to write a book based on these tales.

The prototype of Captain Vrungel was an acquaintance of Nekrasov with the characteristic surname Vronsky, a lover of telling maritime fables with his participation. His surname was so suitable for the main character that the book was originally supposed to be called “The Adventures of Captain Vronsky,” but for fear of offending his friend, the author was forced to look for another one.

The prototype of one of the main characters, senior mate Lom, in his story was naval school cadet Ivan Mann. This character's last name in German means "man" (Mann), and in French "man" is "l'homme" (sounds like the Russian "Scrap").

The book begins with a prologue in which the author introduces readers to the teacher of the navigation school, Christopher Bonifatievich Vrungel, who for a long time remained for the students a handsome land “nerd” and only thanks to chance discovered his true face as an experienced sailor. In the future, the narration is told on behalf of Vrungel himself as an oral story about the trip he once made around the world.

The main character, already elderly, respectable and honored, but still a cheerful captain, decides to shake off the old days and go on a “sport trip around the world” on a forty-foot sailing yacht, taking with him only an assistant. In this capacity, his choice falls on a sailor named Lom, a well-trained two-meter hulk, not without problems, but who managed to learn spoken English in three weeks for the sake of sailing. The yacht, repaired for the voyage, receives the resounding name “Victory”, but at the start there is a public embarrassment - the ship cannot set sail, despite a fair wind.

The perplexed crew has to ask for help from a tugboat, which tears off the yacht along with a piece of the shore: as it turns out, during the preparation for the voyage, the Pobeda managed to firmly adhere to the shore with a side made of freshly sawn boards. As a result of this accident, the board with the name of the ship loses the first two gold letters, which is why the yacht then has to be called nothing more than “Trouble.” Having lost a day to rectify the situation, Vrungel sails from Leningrad, on the way he uses Loma’s rare nose for alcohol to his advantage, and on the shores of Norway he visits a picturesque fjord, where, due to a forest fire, the ship ends up with “a load of squirrels alive without counting.”

At Dogger Bank, the captain receives an SOS signal on a sore tooth and saves the Norwegians from a sinking fishing sailboat; back in Norway, he feeds the squirrels halva and pineapples; in Germany, not without incident, he rents them out to the Hamburg Zoo; In Holland, the captain conceives a logistics experiment and undertakes to escort a school of live herring to Cairo, for which purpose he hires another sailor to help him through Loma - a Frenchman from Calais named Fuchs, from whom at first he manages to get some sense literally only through playing cards. In England, Vrungel first wins a victory in gentleman's boxing on the shoulders of Fuchs, and then wins the big royal sailing race, taking into account the reactive properties of soda and whiskey in time. During the award ceremony, the team manages to avoid reprisals from their losing opponents, and the only fake but strong gold chain with an anchor that they got from the mountain of prizes helps them not to let “Trouble” go free.

The captain leads the ship into the Mediterranean Sea, and for some time determines the coordinates of the ship with the help of a pair of Greenwich cockerels. Having managed to scare away a squadron of Franco pirates from the yacht with the help of the yacht’s overkill, the captain successfully brings a school of herring to Egypt. The crew then sails south through Suez to the Red Sea, where along the way they first endure a fight with Loma's cooking-hungry giraffe, and then are subjected to a nighttime invasion of newborn crocodiles.

Off the coast of Eritrea, the "Trouble" is arrested by Italian fascists, but the sailors manage to escape from swindlers and bandits when Fuchs deceives the local authorities with the help of a "pasta plantation."

In the Indian Ocean, the yacht finds itself in a multi-day calm, and the crew begins to suffer from the heat. At first, sea bathing saves the day, but soon the survivors have to be rescued: only a lemon, successfully thrown by Vrungel into the shark’s mouth, saves poor Fuchs from it. At the equator, Vrungel tries to celebrate Neptune's Day according to tradition, but his companions almost decide that he has gone crazy from sunstroke.

The wind returns, and “Trouble” reaches the southern Antarctic waters. Due to a careless gun shot, the yacht is caught by an overturned iceberg, but Vrungel gets out of the situation by returning the ship to warmer waters, where the iceberg thaws and capsizes again. The travelers again descend to the southern latitudes, where they meet a sperm whale with a cold.

The compassionate Vrungel provides him with medical assistance with a shovel of aspirin, but good intentions turn into a mighty sneeze of a whale due to a gust of wind. The ship he picks up takes off under the clouds and falls straight onto the deck of some battleship, which is led by a powerful international committee that protects cetaceans from extinction through their extermination. After several days of disputes, whale-loving admirals, including a certain Kusaki (symbolizing the Japanese militarists), unload the Trouble onto a glacial uninhabited island.

Vrungel and his companions reach hungry nightmares, but fate and ingenuity help them populate the island with a flock of well-fed penguins. Having killed the worm for many days, the team arranges a bathhouse, melting the glacier with the help of a huge fire made from the wreckage of ships that crashed near the island. The flying clouds fall with rain, and the red-hot rocks, unable to withstand the temperature difference, explode.

The crowbar and the yacht go missing. Vrungel and Fuchs, with a supply of fish cooked in the explosion, sail on boards across the Pacific Ocean and get to Hawaii. On the beach in Honolulu, the glamorous crowd mistakes them for native Hawaiians, which helps the sailors make money from the musical performance. Along the way, they learn about the crash of the “Trouble” off the coast of Brazil, where, due to fortunate oddities, they manage to fly out on a single ticket under the guise of a very tall man in a long mackintosh. The smoke from the pipe carelessly smoked by Vrungel under his mackintosh creates the illusion of a fire among those present, and the taken aback pilot undocks the entire passenger cabin from the plane, which lands in an emergency parachute directly into the Amazon. Taking advantage of the moment, Vrungel pretends to be a geography professor traveling through the Amazon with the Indian Fuchs. To complete the picture, he immediately manages to gain authority among the passengers by winning a spectacular victory over a huge river boa with the help of fire extinguishers.

After many days of sailing on the cabin and communicating with the local half-Ganster authorities, the heroes are reunited with Crowbar and “Trouble.” With the help of a cargo of sugar, they save the yacht from the machinations set up by Kusaka and sail to Australia. Upon arrival in Sydney, Vrungel plays golf with the harbor master and unexpectedly discovers that his caddy is Kusaki in disguise, who for some reason is stalking their team.

After another adventure on the continent, the yacht sets sail again, but soon loses its mast, caught in a monstrous typhoon. When an attempt is made to replace the sails with a large kite, the wind carries the senior mate to the shores of the Land of the Rising Sun. Having anchored on one island with the help of a huge slingshot, Vrungel and Fuchs replace the mast with a palm tree planted directly on the ship.

The yacht goes to rescue Loma, but already near Japan it is rammed by the destroyer Kusaki, and “Trouble” goes to the bottom. The heroes escape on a palm tree. Thanks to a board with the letters “TROUBLE”, they are picked up by a nearby ship heading to Canada.

In order to earn money and quickly arrive at their destination, Vrungel and Fuchs replenish the staff of stokers, after which they again meet Lom, who has escaped from the Japanese police, in a coal bunker. In Canada, the trio buys a sled and a couple of animals: a deer, which turns out to be a cow, and a sled dog, which turns out to be a young wolf. It is possible to achieve a positive result from two minuses by first shoeing a cow dancing on ice with the again useful letters “TROUBLE”, and then scaring it with a wolf harnessed behind it. The phenomenal speed of the resulting team allows the sailors to accidentally win another race on their way through Alaska.

Having overcome the ice of the Bering Strait, not without the help of their optical properties, the heroes end their journey in Kamchatka. The warm welcome provided by compatriots in Petropavlovsk turns into a new shock for friends when a double yacht “Trouble” with a crew of Vrungel’s doubles, Lom and Fuchs moored in the local port with a crowd of people. However, the real travelers quickly expose the impostors, who turn out to be Kusaki and his people.

Then Vrungel and Fuchs leave, and Lom remains in Kamchatka. Vrungel becomes a teacher at the nautical school. Fuchs gets a job at a film studio: due to his textured appearance, they willingly take him on to play the role of villains. Lom becomes the captain of the new yacht "Trouble".

The book ends with “An intelligent maritime dictionary for stupid land readers.”

Thus, in the adventure book for children by A. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”emotional tension is created and maintained throughout the entire work, forcing the reader to follow the twists and turns of the story, knowing its ending in advance, since the reader has no doubt about the successful completion of the trials through which the hero or heroes must go. And such confidence is explained by the very nature of the adventure genre.

3 Literary game based on the book by A. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”: from the experience of a teacher

The game involves two teams who must come up with names and emblems for themselves. A week before the game, you need to make a colorful announcement:

"Dear friends! We invite you to take part in a literary game based on the book by A.S. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel,” a fearless navigator and liar. Here you can show your ingenuity by answering questions and take part in various competitions. Prizes and souvenirs await you. Starts at 12.00.”

HOST: Today we have an unusual meeting. Andrey Sergeevich Nekrasov is the author of many works on a maritime theme. But one of them is especially loved by children - “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”. Many years ago, the author of the book worked in the Far Eastern whaling trust. The prototype of Captain Vrungel was Andrei Vasilyevich Vronsky, the director of the trust, who, together with his friend, decided to travel around the world.

Friends found an old yacht, picked up maps, studied sailing directions, and developed a travel plan down to the smallest detail. But for many reasons the trip did not take place. The yacht, which was never launched, rotted on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg, the maps and directions were lost, and dreams of adventure continued to linger in the sailor’s memory.

He told the story perfectly. He spoke slowly, emphasizing the significance of what was said with his voice and gestures, changing his voice, manner of narration and even appearance.

These stories were remembered by Andrei Sergeevich Nekrasov when he was working on a very difficult book together with the writer Boris Stepanovich Zhitkov, who suggested to Nekrasov: “Listen, if you could write a short story about a captain who talks about his campaigns and cannot resist lie."

The words of Zhitkov, a literary teacher, meant a lot to Nekrasov. He thought... And so the sea captain Christopher Bonifatievich Vrungel was born. It happened in Moscow, on Taganka, on December 22, 1934 at four o’clock in the morning.

The story was first published in 1937 in the Pioneer magazine.

Having survived adversity, the book lives a happy life. The circulation in Russian has long exceeded one million. It is published in many other languages ​​of the world. Vrungel changed his last name many times and continues to change it. The Czechs know him as Zhaanilkina, the Poles as Zalganova, the Germans as Flunkerich... But no matter what they call him, the good old captain equally generously gives smiles to all readers.

And I envy a little those who open this book for the first time, because they will learn a lot of interesting things and laugh heartily.

And here is the telegram I received this morning:

“Sea wolves! I greet you on this important day. I hope that you will show ingenuity and excellent knowledge of maritime affairs. I'm upset that I can't be with you! I am attracted by discoveries, sea exploits, long voyages! I'm on the road again!

And good luck to you and seven feet under the keel!

Always yours, Christopher Bonifatievich Vrungel."

( The presenter introduces the jury. Teams exchange greetings ).

Questions for the 1st team

Who is Vrungel's namesake? (Columbus.)

What discipline did Vrungel teach at the nautical school? (Navigation ).

What lay on the floor of Vrungel’s house instead of a carpet? (Walrus skin ).

What old word game does A.S. use? Nekrasov, playing on the name of the yacht?

( The author uses a joke in which the person playing must begin the line, and the one being played must finish it, each time decreasing the first letter in the last word:

The ship was sailing... - ... "Victory".

After lunch.

There was... -... Trouble.

Missing... -...Food.

Did you eat it? - Yes).

Questions for the 2nd team

What name did Vrungel give to the repaired yacht? (“Victory”, but due to a misunderstanding it was later called “Trouble” ).

What did Vrungel offer the visitor instead of a chair? (whale vertebra ).

Vrungel tells how he heard the radio: “I caught Moscow, tuned in, I heard: “Ivan... Roman... Konstantin... Ulyana... Tatyana... Semyon... Kirill” - as if he had come for a visit and was getting acquainted.” . What did he actually hear? (He heard the name of the city. To ensure that the meaning is not accidentally damaged, especially important words are conveyed like this; they are broken down into letters and well-known names starting with one or another letter are selected. Read the names listed by Vvungel again, then you will understand that the first letters of these names make up the word “Irkutsk” ).

What did the Norwegians feed the squirrels brought on board the Trouble? (Walnut halva and pineapples ).

"Zoological" competition

( One person from each team participates. Other team members can help answer questions ).

1. Name a strange animal in Norway. (Live horse. “If you take a horse out for a walk, a crowd immediately gathers, everyone is watching, shouting, disrupting traffic. It’s the same as if a giraffe walked down the street.” ).

2. Name the right remedy against sharks. (In a moment of mortal danger, Vrungel threw the first thing that came to hand into the shark’s mouth. It was a lemon. “Sharks, you know, are not used to sour things.” ).

3. How can you defeat a boa constrictor? (The shells that Vrungel threw into the mouth of the boa constrictor turned out to be fire extinguishers. “They met in the reptile’s esophagus, collided there, bumped against each other, discharged and pumped foam into the boa constrictor.” The snake was swollen and could not dive - its stomach would not let ).

4. How to increase the weight of herring in Wrungel style? ("A calm journey, excellent food, climate change, sea bathing... All this has a strengthening effect on the body. Well, of course, the herrings gained weight, gained weight, and gained fat.” ).

5. There are three herrings in front of you. Which one is Dutch, Norwegian, Scottish? (The Scots catch Scottish herrings, the Norwegians catch Norwegian herrings, the Dutch catch Dutch herrings. “After a series of observations, I have established with exceptional accuracy that every herring is a fish, but not every fish is a herring.” ).

Questions for the 1st team

Name the three most remarkable things in Holland, according to Vrungel. (Dutch soot, Dutch cheese and Dutch herrings ).

How did Vrungel transport herrings to Alexandria? (He drove them in droves ).

“As soon as we landed,” Vrungel says about his visit to England, “we didn’t even have time to take a step when we were surrounded by gentlemen in tailcoats, bowler hats, and white ties. Either Mr. Dandy and his family, or the Minister of Foreign Affairs with his retinue, or secret police agents - you can’t tell by the suit. Well, we came closer, said hello, started talking, and, you know, what turned out to be?..” And what turned out to be? (It turned out that these were English beggars: “In England, begging so easily is strictly prohibited by law, but wearing a tailcoat is welcome. If someone gives, it is considered that there are no beggars, but a gentleman simply helped a gentleman.” ).

Vrungel came up with a wonderful way to determine time using any clock and even wanted to write a dissertation on this topic. What childhood riddle did he base his method of timing on? ("What clock shows the correct time only twice a day?

“The atmosphere is magnificent: cleanliness, electric lighting, at every intersection there is a bootblack, at every corner there is an ice cream stand...” What does Vrungel describe? (Tour of the interior of an Egyptian pyramid ).

Questions for the 2nd team

What tool did Vrungel use to clear the deck of newborn crocodiles? (Mop.)

Why did Vrungel, by insulting the sperm whale, in the opinion of a representative of a Western power, insult the entire Aryan race? (Of all cetaceans, only the sperm whale has an elongated skull. It turns out that among cetaceans he is an Aryan ).

What did Vrungel use as bait for the penguins? (The picture “Boiled pike perch with Polish sauce” that used to hang in the cabin ).

What is remarkable about the jacket made for Vrungel on the Amazon? (Firstly, the jacket is made from a parachute. Secondly, instead of buttons, Vrungel attached airplane bolts. And most importantly, it was impossible to undress without a wrench !)

How did Vrungel get rid of a fire on a sailing ship? (ABOUTn put the ship against the wind, and the fire blew away ).

"Physical" competition

( One person per team participates ).

1. What caused the increase in water temperature at the South Pole? (The sperm whale came from the Pacific Ocean, caught a cold in the ice of the South Pole, caught the flu, lies down and sneezes. And if so, it is not surprising that the water warms up - a cold-like illness is usually accompanied by an increase in temperature ).

2. How to heat a kettle using an ice block?(“A huge ice lens was pointed at a block of ice. A beam of rays began to drill into it, like a radish, only steam whistles. They pointed it at a kettle - it instantly boiled, even the lid flew off!” ).

3. What device can be used to speed up a yacht? ("The cork flew out of the bottle, and “Trouble” received a push and moved forward. All three of us stood at the stern and, one after another, began to knock out the traffic jams. Soda water flows like a river, the water boils astern, and “Trouble” moves forward, picking up speed. ).

4. How did Lom almost cause a fire?(“According to your order, I am scraping the copper parts so that it burns with fire.” The crowbar is used to carrying out commands literally ).

Questions for the 1st team

What was the nationality of Admiral Kusaki? (Japanese .)

What did Admiral Kusaki do while masquerading as a black man? (Painted himself with black polish, got a permanent, put on straw slippers and striped cotton trousers ).

Questions for the 2nd team

What device did Vrungel use for throwing an anchor when he landed on the coral island? (He built a slingshot from six pairs of rubber suspenders ).

How did Vrungel play golf out of ignorance? (Instead of clubs he used boomerangs ).

Captains competition

How will you overcome the following critical situations?

The radio on the ship is broken, and there is nothing at hand except a bad tooth... (“Without hesitation, I grab the end of the antenna - and straight into the tooth, into the hollow. The pain was hellish, sparks fell from the eyes, but the reception improved. Morse - you can't imagine anything better! A dot will prick you imperceptibly with a pin, and a dash will be like someone screwing a screw in there. So I took the whole transmission on the tooth. Recorded, parsed, translated. It turns out that the Norwegian sailing ship had an accident »).

The chronometer is broken. Among the provisions on board there is a box of chickens... ("I immediately made an observation... Once the Greenwich cockerels crowed, it means it’s dawn in Greenwich, the sun is rising! Here's the exact time. And knowing the time, it’s not difficult to decide »).

Your ship accidentally ended up on the top of an iceberg... ("Lom took an ax and chopped off a block of two hundred tons. The block separated from the mountain, the mountain, of course, became lighter, acquired an additional reserve of buoyancy, and floated to the surface. But my plan was as simple as shelling pears: we set the sails, pulled the sheets and, together with the iceberg, went back at full speed, north, closer to the tropics. Two weeks had not passed, the ice began to melt, decrease in size, then, one fine morning, it crunched, and the “Trouble” began to float »).

Fan competition

Name the right remedy for cops. (On the captain’s back there was a poster: a skull with a lightning bolt, two bones and the inscription: “Do not touch - lethal!” ).

What was used to replace the mast on the yacht that was broken during the typhoon? (A palm tree dug up with its roots. It was strengthened, earth was poured into the hold instead of ballast, and the palm tree took root. Then the fruits ripened - coconuts ).

Sing an old Hawaiian song...

(« A bird was sitting in the meadow.

A cow crept up to her

Grabbed my leg -

Birdie, be healthy !..»)

Marine dictionary competition (for clueless land readers)

What do the following nautical terms mean: boatswain, harpoon, swell, sou'wester, galley, flasks, weather vane, corvette, cockpit, course, pilot, cable, foot, hatch, mile, warehouse, trade winds, semaphore, hold, chronometer?

( Boatswain - ship's man, boatman, senior sailor, master of the deck.

Harpoon - a stick with a sharp, jagged tip, tied to a long rope. In the old days, large sea animals were beaten with it.

Swell - rough seas.

The sou'wester is a very ugly storm hat made of oiled fabric. Water from the brim of such a hat flows onto your shoulders and back, but does not get down your collar.

Galley - ship's kitchen and stove.

A corvette is a three-masted military sailing vessel.

Kubrick is a shared living cabin.

Course - the direction of movement of the ship.

A pilot is a person who guides ships through dangerous and difficult places.

Hatch - an opening on the deck.

A mile is a maritime unit of length equal to 1852 meters.

Warehouse - warehouse.

Trade winds are easterly winds that constantly blow in tropical latitudes.

Semaphore - conversation using manual flags. Each letter corresponds to a special position of hands with flags.

Flasks - half an hour.

Cable - tackle, rope, rope.

Hold - a ship's belly, a room for cargo on a ship.

A weather vane is a light flag on a mast to determine the direction of the wind.

A foot is a measure of length, about 30 centimeters.

Chronometer - precise astronomical clock ).

"Geographical" competition

1. In which country does a trolleybus run through the desert? (Egypt ).

2. In which country can a giraffe dine on ship food without entering the ship? (Suez Canal, Arabia ).

3. In what part of the world and how can you take a steam bath without visiting a bathhouse? (Antarctic. “At the top of the island there was a small glacier, it melted due to the heat, because Lom had trained a whole mountain of ar. The rocks got hot. The heat went up, it hummed like a chimney. The balance of air masses was disrupted, cold atmospheric currents flew in, clouds gathered, and a flood began to pour. The red-hot granite could not withstand rapid cooling, cracked and shattered »).

4. In which country did Vrungel almost become a golf champion? And what was the reason for this? (In Australia, in Sydney. The ball hit the kangaroo's bag with all its might. Vrungel had to organize a steeplechase race ).

"Technical" competition

(Both teams are asked to draw a penguin lift.)

CONCLUSION

Adventure literature is fiction in which the main purpose of the narrative is to provide an entertaining account of real or fictitious incidents.

The main features of works of adventure literature, their distinctive features:

It is based on an adventure, a dynamic event in which the heroes of the work become participants by chance. In an adventure story, one adventure is replaced by another, which makes the work action-packed.

Chance also plays a big role in solving mysteries, codes, etc.

Characteristic descriptions of historical events, geographical discoveries (both as a background for the development of action), shipwrecks, fights, clashes with pirates and other robbers, floods, earthquakes, etc., that is, what we call extreme situations.

Solving a code, searching for a treasure, any other mystery-filled situation.

Often the action takes place at sea or on an island.

Heroes are usually brave, courageous, kind, noble people. They are distinguished by loyalty and devotion, ready to come to the aid of those in trouble.

In the adventure book for children by A. Nekrasov, “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel,” emotional tension is created and maintained throughout the entire work, forcing the reader to follow the twists and turns of the story, knowing its ending in advance, since the reader has no doubt about the successful completion of the trials through which he must go hero or heroes. And such confidence is explained by the very nature of the adventure genre.

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Begak, V. In the world of adventure. – M.: Knowledge, 2009. – 62 p.

Bogdanov N. Who is Vrungel based on, or the Extraordinary Adventures of Tops, nicknamed Plyashi-leg // Children's literature. - 2009. - No. 12. - pp. 45-47.

Britikov, A. Detective story in the context of adventure genres // Russian Soviet story of the 20–30s. – St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2006. – P. 408–453.

Vulis, A. In the world of adventure. Poetics of the genre. – M.: Soviet writer, 2006. – 384 p.

Ivanov S. Famous captain // Pioneer. - 1977. - No. 6. - pp. 64-65.

Kassil, L. Circumnavigation of an utter liar // Children's literature. - 2009. - No. 7. - P. 17-20.

Literary encyclopedia of terms and concepts / ed. A.N. Nikolyukina. Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – M.: NPK “Intelvac”, 2001. – 1600 p.

Literary encyclopedic dictionary / Ed. V.M. Kozhevnikova, P.A. Nikolaev. – M.: Sov. encyclopedia, 2007. – 752 p.

Moshenskaya L. The world of adventures and literature // Questions of literature. – 2012. – No. 9. – pp. 170–202.

Nekrasov A. The story of Vrungel // Out loud to myself: Sat. articles and essays by owls. det. writers: Book. 2. - M.: Det. lit., 2008. - pp. 242-247.

Nekrasov A. Captain Vrungel, who is he? // Nekrasov A. The Adventures of Captain Vrungel. - M.: NPO "Geolit", 2012. - P. 182-190.

Prosekova, O.A. The Adventures of Captain Vrungel // Books, sheet music and toys. – 2009. - No. 9. – pp. 12-15.

Traveler, writer, dreamer: [To the 75th anniversary of A. Nekrasov: Interview with the writer] // Pioneer. - 1982. - No. 6. - pp. 59-60.

Rakhtanov, I. Treatise on the nature of lies, or Distress Signal: Regarding the book by A. Nekrasov “The Adventures of Captain Vrungel” // Children's literature. - 2009. - No. 7. - pp. 21-23.

Rodionova, N. On the question of the formation of the genre of the Soviet adventure story. – Smolensk, 2011. – 115 p.

Sivokon, S. Poetry of resourcefulness // Sivokon S. Your cheerful friends: Essays on humor in the Soviet Union. literature for children. - M.: Det. lit., 2006. - pp. 32-44.

Armament

Same type ships

A total of 72 ships were built:

USS Gandy (DE 764), USS Acree (DE 167), USS Alger (DE 101), USS Amick (DE 168), USS Atherton (DE 169), USS Baker (DE 190), USS Bangust (DE 739), USS Baron (DE 166), USS Booth (DE 170), USS Bostwick (DE 103), USS Breeman (DE 104), USS Bright (DE 747), USS Bronstein (DE 189), USS Burrows (DE 105), USS Cannon (DE 99), USS Carroll (DE 171), USS Carter (DE 112), USS Cates (DE 763), USS Christopher (DE 100), USS Clarence L. Evans (DE 113), USS Coffman (DE 191), USS Cooner (DE 172), USS Curtis W. Howard (DE 752), USS Earl K. Olsen (DE 765), USS Ebert (DE 768), USS Eisner (DE 192), USS Eldridge (DE 173), USS Garfield Thomas (DE 193), USS Gaynier (DE 751), USS George M. Campbell (DE 773), USS Gustafson (DE 182), USS Hemminger (DE 746), USS Herzog (DE 178), USS Hilbert (DE 742) , USS John J. Van Buren (DE 753), USS Kyne (DE 744), USS Lamons (DE 743), USS Levy (DE 162), USS Marts (DE 174), USS McAnn (DE 179), USS McClelland ( DE 750), USS McConnell (DE 163), USS Micka (DE 176), USS Milton Lewis (DE 772), USS Muir (DE 770), USS Neal A. Scott (DE 769), USS O'Neill (DE 188 ), USS Osterhaus (DE 164), USS Oswald (DE 767), USS Parks (DE 165), USS Pennewill (DE 175), USS Reybold (DE 177), USS Riddle (DE 185), USS Rinehart (DE 196) , USS Roberts (DE 749), USS Roche (DE 197), USS Russell M. Cox (DE 774), USS Samuel S. Miles (DE 183), USS Slater (DE 766), USS Snyder (DE 745), USS Stern (DE 187), USS Straub (DE 181), USS Sutton (DE 771), USS Swearer (DE 186), USS Thomas (ii) (DE 102), USS Thornhill (DE 195), USS Tills (DE 748) , USS Trumpeter (DE 180), USS Waterman (DE 740), USS Weaver (DE 741), USS Wesson (DE 184), USS Wingfield (DE 194),

USS Eldridge (DE-173) - escort-class destroyer Cannon, named in honor of Lieutenant Commander John Eldridge, Jr., who was killed in air combat in the Solomon Islands on November 2, 1942 and posthumously awarded the Navy Cross. The ship took part in escorting convoys in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the Second World War and was awarded 5 medals. He also became the object of everyone's attention thanks to the myth of the "Philadelphia Experiment". Sold to Greece on June 17, 1946, and scrapped on November 11, 1999.

History of creation

Prerequisites for creation

The ability of enemy submarines to block and destroy supply lines was the only reason for the presence of a destroyer in a convoy. Since she was the only surface fast unit that could effectively locate, attack and destroy a submarine, it was logical to create a ship that would concentrate on destroying the submarine and thus free up destroyers for fast missions. That's why one of the escort destroyers was created Eldridge (DE-173).

Power plant and driving performance

Engine model 16-278A GM

The escort destroyers were equipped with various power plants. Since escort destroyers were not more in demand than aircraft carriers, battleships and destroyers, there was no need to install steam turbines on them. Any type of power supply that was available at the time the order was received was installed. Thus, escort destroyers could be powered by diesel, diesel-electric, turbo steam engines and turbo steam electric motors.

The Eldridge (DE-173) was powered by 16-278A GM diesel engines manufactured by engineers at the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Corporation in Cleveland, Ohio. General Motors engines, also known as Winton V-types, evolved over several years, and their later models proved to be very reliable in wartime use. The General Motors Model 16-278A engine was a 16-cylinder V-type engine with 2 banks of 8 cylinders each. The engine operated on the principle of a 2-stroke cycle and was designed for 1600 hp. at 750 rpm. The bore and depth of the 16-278A GM engine are 8 3/4 inches and 10 1/2 inches, respectively.

Auxiliary/anti-aircraft artillery

Mine and torpedo weapons

3 x 21" Mk.15 TT torpedo tubes

1 × Hedgehog Mk.10 (144 pieces) mines

8 x Mk.6 depth charges

2 x Mk.9 depth charges

Service history

After the ship Eldridge (DE-173) Commissioned on August 27, 1943, it remained in New York Long Island Sound until September 16, 1943. On September 18, 1943, he headed for Bermuda, where he stopped and underwent sea trials and training. On October 15, 1943, with part of the convoy, the ship left the Bermuda area, heading to New York.

Between January 4, 1944 and May 9, 1945, an escort destroyer Eldridge It was necessary to carry out the task of escorting a convoy of vulnerable ships loaded with critical materials and transporting ground troops in support of Allied operations in North Africa, as well as in southern Europe. The route was laid across the Mediterranean Sea, as a result of which he made nine voyages, safely delivering convoys to Oran, Bizerte and Casablanca. The warship then docked in New York.

Eldridge departed New York on May 28, 1945 for missions in the Pacific. She arrived in Okinawa on August 7, 1945, along with local escorts and patrol ships. He continued to serve as escort on the Saipan-Ulichi-Okinawa routes until November 1945. Eldridge was withdrawn from service on June 17, 1946 at Green Cove Springs, Florida and placed in the Reserve Fleet. On 15 January 1951, she was transferred from the Boston Navy Yard, Massachusetts, to the Royal Hellenic Navy, along with three other Cannon-class destroyer escorts. These were USS Slater DE-766, USS Ebert DE-768 And USS Garfield Thomas DE-193. This transfer was made in accordance with the provisions of the United States Mutual Defense Assistance Program.

HNS Leon D-54(previously USS Eldridge DE-173 listen)) served in the Royal Hellenic Navy from 15 January 1951 until it was decommissioned on 15 November 1992. Further Eldridge used as a training ship. On November 11, 1999, it was scrapped at V&J Scrap Metal Trading Ltd of Peiraia in Greece.

Commanders

Awards

Campaign Feeds

Medals: American Campaign, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign, World War Two Victory, Navy Occupation.

Famous myth or reality

Historical facts

In the second half of the twentieth century, residents of the United States and other countries were shocked by rumors of an incredible physical experiment in which a warship was a participant. Eldridge (DE-173). According to legend, on an October morning in 1943, an escort destroyer Eldridge, located at the Philadelphia naval base, was used to test electromagnetic equipment that makes the ship invisible. The basis for the creation of the device was the “Unified Field” theory of the American physicist Albert Einstein and the works of the Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla. At the beginning of a grandiose experiment called "Rainbow", the ship Eldridge a greenish fog enveloped, and the ship began to dissolve in the air, and then disappeared completely, leaving a depression in the water. Meanwhile, eyewitnesses located near another base, Norflock, noticed the same sudden appearance of a ship Eldridge, like his disappearance. The ship then "teleported" from Norflock harbor back to the Philadelphia base, with the escort destroyer's crew visibly damaged. In order not to notify the public about the incident at the naval base, it was allegedly decided to classify all documents about the course of the experiment, and hide the surviving sailors of the ship in clinics for the mentally ill.

This is what the legend looked like until facts began to emerge that refuted this experiment on an escort destroyer. Eldridge. The founder of the myth turned out to be Carl Miguel Allen, who sent strangely designed letters to ufologist Morris K. Jessup, under the pseudonym Carlos Miguel Allende. These messages precisely described everything that happened at the Philadelphia base with the ship and its crew: “... as a result, the ship was enveloped in a certain field, shaped like an ellipsoid. Everything, objects and people that fell into the field had blurry outlines... Half of the crew members of that ship are now insane...” Allende also noted what happened to some of the surviving sailors: “One walked through the wall of his own apartment and disappeared in front of his wife, child and two guests. Two other officers burst into flames and burned out..." And in the last letter, Carlos admitted that he served on the ship “Andrew Fureset” and personally observed the progress of the experiment from it. Morris Jessup showed little interest in these letters. However, a copy of his book, The Case for UFOs, covered in Allende's writing, arrived in the mail at the Office of Naval Research at the Pentagon and was reprinted by the military J. J. Smith with the same strange notes.

On April 20, 1959, Morris Jessup died on the way to the hospital from an overdose of sleeping pills, and ufologists began to say that he “knew a lot,” for which he paid. The myth began to become widely known. The researchers of anomalous phenomena, Charles Berlitz and William Moore, decided to take up the invention, and were honored with a personal conversation with “Mr. Allende.” In 1979, Berlitz and Moore's best-selling book The Philadelphia Experiment was published, based on Carlos Miguel's stories about the experience on a destroyer escort. Eldridge.
In the early 90s, skeptical researcher Robert Goerman decided to shed light on the myth of the disappearance of the ship, since he was one of the recipients of Allende's letters. While searching for the author of the messages, he learned that Carlos was an American, born in Pennsylvania in 1925, and that his real name, Allen, had long been known in the ufological community. “Allen wrote to me and other researchers for many years,” says ufologist Lauren Coleman. “He suffered from mental illness and often moved from motel to motel. Allen’s family showed Robert Goerman letters in which he admits that he made up the entire story about the destroyer from beginning to end and sent Jessup’s book, which he personally wrote, to the military.”

The meeting of the Eldridge and Andrew Furacet in 1943 at the naval base in Philadelphia was also questioned. Throughout the fall and December of 1943, the escort destroyer accompanied convoys heading to the US capital, which means that it could not have been in Philadelphia at that time. As for the name of the experiment, “Rainbow” has nothing to do with the “Philadelphia Experiment”. During World War II, "Rainbow" was one of the headquarters plans for possible military actions against the Axis countries Rome - Berlin - Tokyo.

A refutation of the fact that Einstein and Tesla worked together on the experiment also exists. The fact is that the great Serbian physicist did not even live to see the launch of the ship Eldridge to the water. And Einstein, according to FBI Director Edgar Hoover, was an unreliable person, since he showed greater sympathy for communism than for capitalism. It was not possible to entrust a scientific project classified as “Secret” to a physicist.

However, a small part of the myth is quite true. The US Navy used a process called degaussization on some ships to make the ship "invisible" to magnetically detonated mines. The ship was equipped with a “belt”, which, when connected to a current source, became a powerful electromagnet. Degaussization allowed two types of action: when the magnetic field was repeatedly strengthened, the mines exploded in the distance, and when the ship’s magnetic field was suppressed, the ship became invisible to the mines.

The assembled sailors of that same ship were able to finally destroy the myth Eldridge in 1999 in Atlantic City. The ship's captain, Van Allen, 84, said: "I have no idea how this story came about." He was also supported by other sailors. “I think somebody came up with this while they were high,” said 74-year-old Ed Wise. “No experiments have ever been done with us,” said Ted Davis.

The Philadelphia Experiment was a classified US Navy experiment conducted on October 28, 1943 with the combat destroyer Eldridge. The essence of the experiment was to create a super-powerful electromagnetic field around the ship, which, as a result of this manipulation, was supposed to become invisible to the radars of enemy equipment. The project under which the Philadelphia Experiment was carried out had the working title "Rainbow".

Against the background of the war going on at that time with Nazi Germany, the Philadelphia experiment was of decisive importance. Secret technology for creating invisibility for large military installations could significantly increase their level of survival in combat conditions.

How the destroyer Eldridge became invisible

On board the Eldridge there was a secret installation that created a super-powerful electromagnetic field around the entire hull of the ship. Presumably it had the shape of an ellipse. Those who observed the experiment said that they saw a strong glow and greenish fog around the destroyer.

The result of the manipulations carried out by scientists was the literal disappearance of the Eldridge from the port in which it was stationed. After some time, the destroyer was spotted in Norfolk. The distance between it and Philadelphia is more than 320 km. This suggests that the experiment went far beyond its original design. The ship not only became invisible to enemy radars. He literally teleported to another place on the map.

What happened to the Eldridge crew?

At the beginning of the experiment, there were 181 crew members on board the destroyer. Upon completion, only 21 people remained completely healthy. 13 sailors died from radiation received during operation of the installation. The rest were missing. Almost all the crew members who survived the Philadelphia Experiment experienced extreme stress and were very scared. They experienced strange hallucinations and told incredible things.

What does the military department say?

The US Navy has not officially confirmed that the Philadelphia Experiment took place. But it is known for certain that work in this direction was carried out. Their result was the emergence of military stealth technology "Stealth". It represents a whole range of methods that allow military ships and fighter aircraft to be invisible to enemy electronics.

Stealth has a slightly different scope of implementation. The ship is given a special geometric shape, allowing it to become as invisible as possible to radar. But the main achievement lies in the special skin of the vessel, which absorbs radio waves and turns the combat vehicle “invisible” for echo sounders.

How rumors about a secret experiment leaked to the press

Most of the military personnel who served on the Eldridge do not confirm the rumors about the teleportation experiment. And yet they leaked to the press and became known to the wider world community. This happened in 1955, when a book by the famous American ufologist M. Jessup was published. In it, the author gave various arguments in favor of the real existence of UFOs.

In response to the publication of the book, Jessup received a letter from one of the readers, a certain K. M. Allende. Auto Letters claimed that he saw with his own eyes the teleportation of a military sea vessel. This is how the famous story of the destroyer Eldridge became known. Based on Allende's stories, the film The Philadelphia Experiment was made in 1984. It created a lot of buzz and contributed to the enormous popularity of the Eldridge.

Could teleportation happen?

Opponents of the teleportation theory argue that a military submarine could easily have passed through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal between Norfolk and Philadelphia. This waterway between the Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay had not been used for a long time by civilian ships, but was always open to the military.

Many scientists confirm the ability of a ship to be invisible to enemy radars using an electromagnetic field. This is possible due to the phenomenon of degaussization, or demagnetization. The amplitude of oscillations of the magnetic field created by the coil of a powerful electromagnet is clearly regulated. An alternating field is capable of demagnetizing electronics within the reach of a source of electromagnetic radiation.

Due to the mystery and fantastic nature of the Philadelphia Experiment, there were many rumors surrounding it. It was assumed that such a grandiose experiment could only be carried out by the brilliant scientist A. Einstein, who was still alive at that time. But the US Navy could hardly resort to his services in its secret developments. Einstein sympathized with the communists, which a priori made him unreliable in the eyes of the American military department.

Real participants - members of the Eldridge crew - could shed light on the Philadelphia experiment. But they all unanimously denied the existence of the Rainbow project. Even if the experience with the teleportation of the destroyer actually took place, the surviving sailors were probably bound by bonds of military secrecy. One can only guess about the real state of affairs based on indirect “evidence.”