How is a DSLR camera different from a regular camera? Reflex camera.

So what does mirror mean? digital camera? How is it built?

This is a camera in which the viewfinder lens and the lens for capturing the image are the same. In addition, such a camera uses a digital matrix, which is designed to record images.

If the camera is not a SLR, then the viewfinder receives an image from a separate small lens, which is most often located above the main one. In a conventional camera, that is, a point-and-shoot camera, the image is displayed on the screen and goes directly onto the matrix.

In a regular digital SLR camera, light passes through the lens. Then the light reaches the diaphragm. The aperture regulates the amount of light. Then the light reaches the mirror, is reflected and passes through the prism. This is necessary to redirect it to the viewfinder. Additional frame and exposure information is added using the information display.

What happens when a photograph is taken?

The mirror of the camera device rises and the camera shutter opens. At this moment the light falls directly on the camera matrix. Photographing takes place, that is, the frame is exposed. The shutter closes and the mirror lowers. The camera is ready to shoot again. This process that we have described happens very quickly! Time is measured in just fractions of a second!

So, we figured out how a digital SLR camera works. But how to choose yours among a huge variety of different models?

How to choose a digital SLR camera?

The question: which SLR digital camera to choose worries many people.

The first thing you need to pay attention to is - full frame or crop? That is: which format should you choose? There is a full-frame matrix and a trimmed, that is, “cropped” version.

If you are not a professional photographer, then the best choice for you would be a model with a reduced matrix. Why? Because such a choice are models that have a lower price. Important! It is almost impossible to get excellent quality photographs on a full-format sensor if you use an inexpensive lens. The slightest flaws will be noticeable. On the crop they will be practically invisible.

The second point that you need to pay attention to when buying a camera is the manufacturer. Solving the problem of which digital SLR camera to choose often begins with which manufacturer to choose. And there is a reason!

So, manufacturing companies.

Undoubtedly, among all companies producing cameras, the recognized leaders are:

Canon;
Nikon;
Sony, largely thanks to the purchase of Konica-Minolta.

Pentax;
Olympus;
Samsung.

It is generally accepted that Canon and Nikon are the best manufacturing companies. It should be taken into account that the cost of photographic accessories from Canon is the highest. At the same time, ease of use is somewhat inferior to Sony and Nikon cameras.

Sony cameras have a very big advantage - a stabilization system built into the body. Thanks to this, the company was able to significantly reduce the cost of optics for these cameras.

Now consider the following, very important point: increase, that is, Zoom.

It should be noted that a function that almost all digital cameras have is the ability to zoom. What is this? Magnification is a change in focal length.

The editors of Audio and Video are convinced of the persistence of the myth: “the larger the zoom, the better.”

This is an erroneous statement! Zoom is a derived value that shows the ratio of the maximum and minimum focal length. What depends on focal length? To put it simply, this is everything that will be included in the frame when photographing. This function allows the photographer to get a convenient cropping of the image. It turns out that the photographer can remove everything unnecessary from the frame even at the shooting stage.

You are going to film gatherings with friends. If your minimum focal length is too long, then your faithful friends they just won't fit into the frame.

Zoom happens:

optic;
digital.

The first one is the best and highest quality. This is magnification using optics. In this case, the increase is achieved by changing the focal length of the lens.

Digital Zoom: With this method of enlargement, the finished image is simply stretched using software. This is a bad choice. An example would be: you found beautiful picture online and decided to decorate our desktop with it. The picture is small in size and when stretched it turned out fuzzy.

We conclude: when choosing a Zoom, you should only pay attention to the optical one.

And now about megapixels and real sensitivity. In fact, for a large number of photographers this characteristic is very important. But this is not entirely correct, because when choosing a camera, you should first of all look not at megapixels, but directly at the quality of photographs at high sensor sensitivity values.

Body or Kit?

Everyone knows that high-quality optics cost more than the camera itself. And it must be said that the development of electronic technologies does not affect the cost of optics. This is why most professional photographers keep the same lenses when changing cameras. Manufacturers take this into account, and their old optics are suitable for new camera models.

Important point! All photographers different tasks! A choice should be made based on this factor. You may need different lenses: short-focus, long-focus, portrait, and so on. Therefore, manufacturing companies make it possible to purchase a camera separately and a lens separately.

This is called Body. That is, it means a complete set.

What if the buyer is not a professional and does not understand what he needs?

For such “dummies” there is a choice: manufacturers offer a “camera + lens” set. What does this set represent? This is: a “universal” lens. This lens is the optimal solution for beginners. The cost of such a lens is relatively low, since mass production has been established.

So, the conclusion: digital SLR cameras for dummies are a “camera + lens” set. Often such a kit includes two lenses: short-focus and long-focus. The purpose of such lenses is to shoot at close and long distances.

But if the photographer does not expect to buy interchangeable lenses from the very beginning, then the best option there will be a "whale" set with them. An excellent choice is two lenses, because the price of such a set will be much less than if purchased separately.

When choosing a camera, you should pay attention to the classes.

So, there are entry-level cameras, amateur cameras and semi-professional cameras. The first are the most technologically disadvantaged. Manufacturers compensate for these characteristics with automatic modes with various tips for dummies. Attention: the cost of such cameras is comparable to advanced point-and-shoot cameras.

Amateur cameras are undoubtedly the best option if you are purchasing your very first camera and the person is not yet familiar with all the possibilities of digital photography. The advantage of this choice: relatively low price and compact size. This is the choice for travel lovers.

Semi-professional cameras are for those who are quite familiar with photography. Plus: convenience. A large camera, paradoxically as it may sound, is more convenient to shoot. Semi-professional cameras have improved ergonomics. They often have additional controls designed for quick access to certain settings.

What is the main selection criterion here? Undoubtedly, solvency should be taken into account here. As the class of the model increases, both the characteristics of the cameras and their cost increase. Please note: the cost of the lens must be taken into account.

The first is the best and highest quality, magnification using optics. In this case, the increase is achieved by changing the focal length of the lens.

Suggestion from the editors of Audio and Video: Nikon D5200.

The Nikon D5200 camera with an 18-55 mm lens can be confidently placed in first place in the ranking SLR cameras entry level. That is, cameras that are designed for “dummies.” This is an excellent choice for family and leisure photography while traveling. The Nikon D5200 has excellent photo and video quality in its class. There is a price-quality ratio. The disadvantages include the lack of a focusing motor, which, of course, limits the choice of lenses. But, if you compare this model with the D5100, this camera has an improved autofocus system. We recommend that you immediately purchase a 55-300mm telephoto lens in addition to the 18-55mm one that comes with the kit.

The Nikon D5200 camera is a CMOS matrix, 23.5x15.6 mm (DX format), 24.1 MP; maximum resolution 6000x4000; ISO 100 x 6400 in 1/3 EV steps (can be increased to ISO 25,600 equivalent); continuous shooting up to 3 or 5 frames per second; Full HD video recording; shutter speed from 1/4000 to 30 s; USB 2.0 interface; SDXC, SD/SDHC memory cards; the approximate price of Nikon D5200 18-55 VR Kit is $650. Quite a decent choice for the money!

What does Canon offer?

We draw your attention to the Canon EOS 650D. This is the third generation of entry-level DSLRs with an 18-megapixel sensor, a bright 3-inch screen, and a 9-point autofocus system. It is possible to record video with Full HD resolution. Now auto focus has become hybrid, and the rotating display has become touch-sensitive. The camera is equipped with the latest DIGIC 5 processor, which enables continuous shooting at 5 fps and a built-in stereo microphone. The camera was announced back in 2012 and went on sale shortly thereafter.

IN North America it is called EOS Digital Rebel T4i, in Japan it is called Canon EOS Kiss X6i. Retail price: $650 for the camera without lens, $720 for the Canon EF-S 18-55mm F3.5-5.6 IS II lens kit and $950 for the EF-S 18-135mm F3.5-5.6 IS STM lens kit . And now this camera is very popular and was included in the ranking of the ten best “DSLRs” for non-professionals in 2013.

Well, what about the third leader - Sony? What does she offer?

Audio and Video Editors' Choice is the Sony SLT-A58. Sony SLT-A58 is an amateur SLR camera based on a translucent mirror. The design is equipped with a new Exmor APS HD CMOS sensor. Sony SLT-A58 is high resolution and excellent picture quality.

One of the important indicators of the current trend is the rotating LCD screen. The interface, of course, is not as rich as in semi-professional SLR cameras, but still quite powerful. And ambitious photographers have full access to all the basic functions. Among the design solutions is the presence of AF/MF levers on the side panel. This is great if you want to use lenses that are not compatible with the DSLR series. The camera is powered by a removable lithium-ion battery NP-FM500H with a capacity of 1600 mAh (7.2 V). The camera has a standard flash opening. The flash has standard power - guide number 10. If you are going to use the flash frequently, then you need to be patient, since charging between successive shots takes from 3 to 5 seconds.

The Sony SLT-A58 has a 4:3 aspect ratio LCD screen with a 3-inch diagonal and a resolution of 460,000 pixels. It is possible to use an OLED EVF viewfinder , which is a characteristic element for a DSLR SLR. The heart of the camera is an Exmor HD CMOS sensor with a resolution of 20.1 megapixels. YOU will have access to a sensitivity range of ISO 100 - 16000, and an electronic shutter ranging from 30 - 1/4000 sec. Aperture F3.5 - 5.6. You can rely on 4x digital zoom. All these characteristics will give good quality images that can be called above average.

Now let's talk about the choice for professionals. For this group of consumers there is a professional digital SLR camera.

What can the leading manufacturer Canon offer professional photographers? Canon offers two professional lines: 1D with an APS-H sensor size and 1Ds with a 36x24mm sensor size. If we look at it in total, there are eight models in these lines. This is less than in the lines of semi-professional DSLRs, but the choice is very worthy. It is quite obvious that the cost of Canon SLR cameras for professional use is high. But the excellent quality of the equipment is worth it! The price-quality ratio is present here.

Thus, the Canon EOS 1 D X professional DSLR camera is very popular . Canon EOS 1D X - This combination of speed, high resolution and excellent image quality. These cameras are designed for reportage and studio photography. Canon EOS 1 D X is: 18.1 MP matrix (36×24 mm) / 3.2" screen / shooting speed 14 fps / video 1920×1080 /. The camera weighs 1585 g. In the rating of cameras for professional use, this camera took second place.

What does Nikon offer? According to the rating of professional cameras, Nikon D4 took first place. This is by far the fastest and most powerful professional camera available. Nikon D4 is: 16.2 MP matrix (36×24 mm) / 3.2" screen / shooting speed 11 fps / video 1920×1080 /. The camera weighs 1340 g

The best mid-level professional camera was the Canon EOS 5D Mark III. This camera has a 22.3 MP matrix (36x24 mm) / 3.2" screen / shooting speed 6 fps / video 1920x1080 / and weighs 950 g

Among the budget models, it is worth highlighting the Nikon D4 600. This camera has become the best budget full-frame SLR camera. It has the advantages of exceptional image quality, lightweight body and relatively affordable price. Nikon D4 600 has a 24.3 MP matrix (35.9 x 24 mm) / 3.2" screen / shooting speed 5.5 fps / video 1920×1080 / and quite light weight - 850 g

And among budget cameras from Canon, it is worth noting Canon camera EOS 6D, which is a full-frame budget DSLR. Here, savings were achieved by cutting down capabilities that are important only for a very narrow circle of super professionals. Canon EOS 6D has a 20.2 MP matrix (36 x 24 mm) / 3" screen / shooting speed 4.5 fps / video 1920 × 1080 / and light weight - 755 g

Choosing a digital SLR camera is not an easy matter. We hope that we have been able to clarify this issue for you.

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First, let's understand the terminology. Any modern camera is called digital because the resulting image is processed by a digital processor and stored in internal memory camera or to a memory card. Old cameras printed the resulting image on film, and therefore are called film cameras.

In everyday life, a digital camera is called a compact camera, or, popularly, a “point-and-shoot camera.” Recently entered the market new type camera – mirrorless, which will also be discussed in this article.

SLR cameras are the oldest photographic devices currently in use. This device owes its name to the mirror mechanism, which captures the image, adjusts it and saves it to storage media. Any SLR camera consists of two parts:

housings.

Lens device

A camera lens consists of many lenses arranged in parallel and a diaphragm. While working, the photographer has the ability to adjust the distance between the lenses, thereby bringing objects closer or further away. Aperture control allows you to adjust the amount of light entering through the lens, thereby changing the brightness and contrast of the image.

Professional SLR cameras have a removable lens. This is done so that the photographer can use several lenses for different purposes. So, there are telescopic lenses that allow you to photograph objects from afar. This device is ideal for observing wild animals or people who do not need to know that they are being photographed. And there are wide-angle lenses designed for shooting landscapes and panoramas. Technically, lenses differ in the set of lenses and the structure of the aperture. Some lenses have a built-in autofocus motor and are used with bodies without this feature.

The lenses are attached to the body using a bayonet mount - a special mount that is unique to each manufacturer. Therefore, it will not be possible to install a lens from one well-known brand on the body of another reputable manufacturer of photographic equipment. But there are also little-known manufacturers of photographic equipment that do not hesitate to create lenses for the mounts of their popular competitors.

SLR camera body design

The camera body contains a matrix, a mirror mechanism, a viewfinder and most of the buttons with the device control lever.

When light refracted by the lens enters the camera body, it encounters a translucent mirror, the first element of the camera's mirror mechanism. Part of the light is reflected from the translucent mirror and hits the upper mirror system, which adequately inverts the image and reflects onto the viewfinder, through which the photographer observes the subject. Another part of the light hits another mirror and is reflected onto the autofocus sensor. This device allows the camera to focus on the subject almost instantly. The photographer also has the ability to control the focus sensor. In particular, this is necessary to implement the classic techniques of photographic art - focusing on one object and blurring the rest.

When the photographer has decided on his exposure and presses the shutter of the photographic mechanism, the translucent mirror rises and the light from the lens and focus sensor directly enters the matrix, which processes the image into electronic pulses and stores it on the media.

Expensive DSLRs are equipped with an additional viewfinder display that displays exposures directly as they are, so that the photographer can compare the real picture with what the sensor is capable of processing.

Functional features of SLR cameras

Due to their spacious body, SLR cameras have the largest matrix, and the quality of future photographs depends on its size. Removable lenses allow the photographer to customize the image as desired, apply effects and realize any creative idea. DSLR cameras focus quickly, which is ideal for cascading and action photography.

But DSLR cameras also have their disadvantages:

The cost of a DSLR starts from 15,000 rubles, and this is for an amateur model. A good professional SLR camera will cost from 30,000 rubles.
You need to know how to use a DSLR camera. If you just point and press the shutter, nice photos it won't work out.
The DSLR is not ready to shoot as soon as it is taken out of the bag. It requires setup and maintenance, so unless the photographer wears the camera around his neck all the time, he won’t be able to capture a suddenly seen object.
DSLR cameras are heavy and bulky. It is difficult to fit into a suitcase or briefcase full of clothes.

Design and features of compact cameras

Compact cameras lack a mirror mechanism and an optical focusing sensor. Such a device is one-piece, its lens is an inseparable part of the device. Passing through such a lens, light hits the matrix and image processing occurs. Majority important settings The compact produces images automatically. The photographer can only influence the digital zoom, that is, choose the photographing distance, as well as apply amateur software effects such as sepia and negative. Digital zoom exists only virtually, so the quality is noticeably lost as you zoom in. When you press the shutter, the lens shutter opens and light enters the sensor. In this case, automatic electronic focusing occurs, which takes long time. To ensure that the frame is not blurred, you should hold the lens on the subject until it is fully focused.

More expensive compacts have advanced lenses that look like DSLR lenses. In addition to digital, such lenses are equipped with an optical zoom, which can zoom a short distance without losing quality.

Due to its simplicity and lack manual settings Compacts are not professional and have always remained the domain of amateurs.

Functional features of compacts

The compacts are very light and small. They can easily fit into a shirt or pants pocket. The compact is always ready for use - you just need to take it out and press the shutter. A high-quality compact camera provides satisfactory quality home photography up to A4 format. Compacts are multifunctional. In addition to photography, they can shoot video, and some can also be used as a music player.

Thanks to a simpler mechanism, the compact camera is much cheaper than its DSLR counterpart. There are models on the market that cost from 4,000 rubles.

But compacts, like DSLRs, are not without flaws:

The compact owes its small size to its small matrix, which affects the image quality.
The absence of a mirror mechanism affects long exposure times. Often the photographer’s hand twitches and the picture becomes blurry.
In automatic mode, the compact does not always shoot as the photographer sees it.

Features of mirrorless cameras

Mirrorless, or non-reflex, is a professional component camera that consists of a body and a regular lens, but does not have a mirror mechanism. As in a compact, light through the lens immediately hits the matrix, and the photographer sees only the processed image through the display. The lenses of non-DSLR cameras are in no way inferior to their DSLR counterparts, but their focusing speed is noticeably lower than in DSLR devices. However, this is enough to create high-quality professional personnel.

The price of non-mirror models is slightly lower than mirror ones. But the main advantage of non-DSLR cameras is a light weight. Although the constant improvement of the automatic focusing mechanism and an increase in the functionality of the camera also leads to an increase in their weight. In the same time, mirror models learn to do everything easier and easier. Therefore, it cannot be said that mirrorless cameras are replacing DSLR cameras.

So, it is impossible to say which camera is better. This is most likely a matter of habit rather than real technical superiority. The most important thing is to buy a camera that is comfortable, fits well in the hand and is understandable to its owner. And the rest can be learned.

Single Lens Reflex Camera Design

In the process of selecting a subject and focusing, the photographer observes through the viewfinder eyepiece ( 8 ) real image perceived by the camera lens ( 1 ) and projected by the mirror ( 2 ) to the focusing screen ( 5 ).

The correspondence of the boundaries of the image observed through the viewfinder to what is projected onto the film or matrix - the field of view of the viewfinder - is important characteristic quality SLR camera. U good cameras it is 90-100%. Lower values force the photographer to make a mental adjustment, taking into account that the actual frame taken will be slightly larger than what he sees in the viewfinder.

In a number of camera models, primarily intended for studio photography and medium format cameras, there is no pentaprism, and the photographer observes the inverted image directly on the ground glass (sometimes through an additional magnifying glass) through a light-protective box - shaft. This viewfinder layout is called a shaft viewfinder and allows, in particular, to provide particularly accurate focusing.

Advantages and disadvantages

Single-lens reflex cameras are free of the parallax effect and allow you to clearly evaluate depth of field, bokeh, the effects of using various filters and attachments, and other image parameters. Determining exposure using the TTL scheme allows you to use automation to calculate and set the shutter speed, regardless of the characteristics of the installed lens.

For these reasons, most modern professional and semi-professional general purpose cameras are built using the SLR design.

At the same time, the mirror lifting mechanism increases the cost of the camera, reduces its reliability, and also causes vibration and defocusing of the camera at the time of shooting due to the need to move the massive mirror extremely quickly. In some models, for the purposes of economy, elimination of vibrations or improvement of efficiency, a translucent fixed mirror was used, however, such a design noticeably reduces the aperture ratio of the camera’s optical system.

The need to have space for a rotating mirror forces the use of lenses with a fairly large flange, which narrows the variety of lens designs for SLR cameras.

The operation of an SLR camera is noisier (due to the flapping of the mirror, unless a special damper is installed) than that of rangefinder analogues. This is especially important when photographing wild and shy animals and secretive shooting.

The frosted glass of the viewfinder can provide good brightness or correct depth of field transmission, but not both of these qualities at the same time. Therefore, photographing with a SLR camera at dusk and in unlit rooms is complicated (especially when photographing with SLRs without a jumping aperture, such as Zenit-E) due to difficulties in focusing. In this case, the advantage is on the side of rangefinder cameras with a bright viewfinder and a contrasting rangefinder spot, such as Zorkiy-4 and 3, Leica M series, etc.

Story

The first SLR camera models were introduced by Graflex in 1909. A “DSLR” almost completely similar to modern narrow-film cameras was released in 1936 under the Kine-Exacta brand by the German company Ihagee.

Asahi Optical made a significant contribution to the popularization of SLR in 1952. Until this time, single-lens SLR cameras were little popular. The decisive factor that has long limited the popularity of the single-lens reflex design has been the mirror. Its raising and lowering was done manually, and the photographer lost the image in the viewfinder for a long time, which made single-lens reflex cameras unpopular. In the Asahiflex I, the mirror was mechanically connected to the shutter button. When the button was pressed, the mirror raised and was held in the raised position. When the button was released, the mirror returned to its original position, opening the viewfinder again. The next innovation was the instant return mirror (like in modern SLRs) implemented in the Asahiflex II.

In particular, the Lyubitel 166 camera was built using a two-lens shaft design.

Some cameras (for example, “Photocor No. 1”) had a mirror viewfinder that was in no way connected with the main lens. They are not usually classified as mirrored.

Is a DSLR really necessary?

Often, buying a DSLR (DSLR camera) seems like a good idea only until you purchase it. According to many newbie photographers, buying a camera is a 100% guarantee of high-quality photos. Let’s say you invited a photographer to an event, paid for an hour of work, and after a couple of weeks you received wonderful pictures without distortion, with an even complexion, “borders” in the background. And then a business plan emerges in my head, just an hour of time, such an amount, and I’m good at filming myself. The idea of investing money in photographic equipment is ripening, the work is not dusty, and also how profitable!

Not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. When buying a SLR camera, you are not only purchasing a device, but you are signing a sentence for yourself to purchase an entire system, which requires large investments. Undoubtedly, high-quality photographs are obtained with a semi-professional SLR camera, and even with a kit lens. However, there is also a “but” here: in order for the pictures to match in quality and performance, you need to know the theory. Studying all the nuances will not take a single day; understanding will come with experience in a month.

That is, when buying a SLR camera you should stock up on:
1. Finance(be prepared for additional costs).
2. Time(gaining photography experience, time to process photos).
3. Knowledge(it is important to understand at least the basics: composition, color combinations, volume, poses and angles, creating effects using various shooting modes, graphic editors).

What goals should you follow? when buying a camera and how this will affect your choice:

- Amateur photography for the family archive, photos of friends, children and relatives.
In this case, it is not necessary to consider top models. It is enough to limit yourself to a semi-professional camera (the manufacturers themselves position them as entry-level models; it is not difficult to distinguish them by their low cost and more numbers in the name). Starter models are equipped with a universal lens marked KIT (kit lens). It is difficult for an amateur who does not have experience and a lot of knowledge to get decent pictures with this optics. If your plans are to develop yourself as a photographer, then initial stage a kit lens is enough to get the hang of shooting in manual mode. When a camera is needed only for taking photos for the family archive, and you have the finances, it is more advisable to replace it with a higher quality and light-sensitive optics model.

- Professional and commercial photography.
This type of photography implies that the buyer is already a photographer with a certain amount of experience and has a wealth of knowledge, equipment and components.
Professional SLR cameras are far from a budget option (if you also take into account that the optics must correspond to the level of the camera, or even be an order of magnitude higher). Therefore, beginners and amateurs who are ready to buy a camera today and post an advertisement for commercial photography tomorrow are not recommended to purchase expensive models. Shooting with a DSLR requires a lot of thinking, and if the whole process is done in auto mode, then it's a waste of money.

DSLR Camera Options

A SLR camera has about fifty characteristics, but not all of them are important, as manufacturers assure. What should you pay attention to first?

Matrix size and megapixels

It is the matrix that is the main unit of the camera, a digital analogue of photographic film. Through the matrix, the light flow is converted into electrical signals - thus producing the picture that we see on the monitor. To put it simply, a matrix is a microcircuit consisting of millions of light-sensitive sensors.

In addition to the name of the matrix, the characteristics always indicate the number of elements (sensors), which is more familiar to us in the wording megapixels. One megapixel (Mp) is equal to a million light sensors.

The number of megapixels is directly related to the resolution of the matrix; the quality of the photo, detail and noise level depend on it. Large quantity megapixels allows you to get a picture with high detail.

But such an indicator as megapixels should not come first. Initially, decide on the choice of the physical size of the matrix (matrix diagonal in centimeters or inches). The fact is that a larger pixel size provides a high degree of photosensitivity, capturing more photons of light. Comparing several matrices with the same number of light-sensitive sensors, in case of insufficient illumination, a matrix with a larger diagonal will provide a lower level of noise.

You can often see digital compact cameras with 24 megapixels, but has any professional switched to a point-and-shoot camera just because it has more megapixels than an expensive DSLR? Of course not. Manufacturers are spurring demand for multi-pixel models, but the image quality is not getting any better. And all because the size of the matrix remains the same.

If we consider, for example, several matrices, from a compact camera and a SLR camera, then the difference in physical size immediately catches the eye, while the number of pixels in both cameras is the same. But the size of DSLR camera sensors is larger, therefore the light sensitivity is better.

What does a manufacturer do when they announce an increase in the number of pixels? Increases the physical size of the matrix? No it's expensive. The manufacturer places on the same small matrix not 12 megapixels, but 24 megapixels, for example. In the photograph this is reflected by an increase in sharpness and detail, but that’s where the advantages end. The area of photosensitive sensors becomes several times smaller, photosensitivity decreases, and more digital noise appears.

In SLR cameras, the matrix size is indicated only in millimeters; in addition to physical dimensions, there is such a thing as crop factor.
The crop factor shows the difference between 35 mm film (the full-frame sensor has the same dimensions) and the size of the sensor installed in the camera. All entry-level and mid-level DSLR cameras are not full frame.

A full frame makes it easier to achieve the effect of blurring the background, using the full potential of the lens (the angle is wider, the light sensitivity is higher, focusing is easier).
From this we conclude that Full Frame matrices allow shooting in low-light conditions, produce an image with less digital noise and better color rendition.

Noise in photos – an undesirable defect, which is chaotically located multi-colored dots that appear in low light. Noise is clearly visible in photographs in objects that are darker or uniform in saturation and color (background out of focus, dark clothing, etc.). Yes, you can get rid of digital noise in professional graphic editors, in this case the problem would seem to be solved. By no means, getting rid of unwanted noise entails a loss of sharpness, a decrease in the detail of small objects and contrasting lines. In more expensive camera models, manufacturers introduce new noise reduction algorithms, but they only partially help.

Of course, any camera will produce noise, but it will only appear when different meanings ISO.

ISO – sensitivity of the matrix, indicated by a numerical value. ISO is one of the three parameters for setting the correct exposure. The higher the sensitivity is set in the camera settings, the wider the possibilities for shooting in the dark. However, it is still recommended not to work with high ISO values, as this will lead to a loss in the quality of the final images. Optimal values ISO 50, 100, 400, when setting the parameters higher, noise and digital debris will appear in the photographs. So, focusing on buying a camera with a higher ISO is also not correct. If you plan to shoot in low light conditions, it is better to stock up on additional lighting equipment.

Everything described above should concern the buyer first. But, as practice shows, entry-level models from different manufacturers are similar in their values and design features, so it will be important to study additional parameters of DSLRs. The following characteristics do not affect the quality of the image, however, they bring convenience to the shooting process.

Image stabilization

Almost all compact cameras are equipped with a stabilizer, but not always DSLRs. This is primarily due to the weight and size of the camera; small compacts are more susceptible to shaking in the hand, unlike large and heavy SLR cameras. A slight vibration of the hand leads to defocus and blurring of the image. DSLR cameras are easier to hold in position without shaking because... You need to hold them with both hands very close to your face. I would like to note that the presence of stabilization does not greatly affect the cost of the camera; there are both amateur models with stabilization and professional ones without it.

Stabilization is useful for:
- Shooting with a long-focus lens (the longer the focal length of the lens, the more difficult it is to focus; the oscillation distance increases exponentially as you approach).
- Shooting in low light conditions and at long shutter speeds (indoors, evening and night photography).

Stabilization systems:
- Optical. Implies automatic lens unit add-ons, technically this is quite complex look stabilization compared to digital.
- Digital. With digital stabilization, it is not the optics that move, but the matrix. Digital stabilization is less effective, so it is not advisable to focus on buying a camera with digital stabilization.

If you like a camera without built-in stabilization, don’t worry. In any case, the best stabilizer is a tripod; it’s rare that long-focus or long-shutter photography can be done without a tripod.

Bayonet

The undoubted advantage of SLR cameras over digital compacts is the ability to change optics. Depending on the goals set, the photographer needs to change and select lenses. Portrait and full-length photography is best done with medium focus, nature and the sky with wide-angle lenses. Unfortunately, universal optics “for both the feast and the world” have not yet been invented. In this regard, SLR cameras provide the ability to change lenses. The bayonet mount acts as a connecting element between the camera and the lens. The mount is made of metal with a rotating connection (until it clicks). There are contacts on the bayonet through which the lens is powered and information commands are exchanged.

Having chosen a camera, study in advance the compatibility of optics for this model. Each global manufacturer of photographic equipment has its own mounting standard.
In addition to the differences in mounts between manufacturers, you should take into account the difference in mounts for full-frame and cropped equipment. For full-frame cameras, each brand has its own separate line of lenses, in most cases with “astronomical” cost. Of course, it is always easy to find an adapter for “non-native” optics on sale, but this is a separate expense.

If you have friends who are photographers, then find out what mount they have, in case you have the opportunity to exchange or borrow a lens. For a popular type of mount it is easier to find an analogue of an expensive original lens. If you are on a budget, then the best choice for the most common bayonet mount.

Shutter life: together forever?

There is probably no amateur photographer who has not worried about the life of the camera shutter. Everyone knows that DSLR cameras have a mileage limit, but should we be afraid of this? When purchasing used equipment, shutter life is almost the first parameter that is emphasized.

The numbers provided by manufacturers do not always correspond to reality; identical models of DSLRs fail at different mileage. For example, the manufacturer indicates a mileage of 50,000 frames; there is no guarantee that the shutter will work for exactly this period.

It all depends on the operating conditions. If the camera is located indoors or in a studio and is used in “greenhouse” conditions, then it is possible to extend the life of the shutter. Sometimes the mileage is two or three times higher. Taking photographs outdoors in highly dusty and windy weather will not benefit the camera.

Frequently changing lenses also has a detrimental effect on shutter life. To extend the shutter's production limit, it is sufficient to avoid situations where dust and debris enter the mechanism.

You can always take the camera to a service center to replace the shutter and clean the sensor; the service is not cheap, but the price of a new device is several times higher.

In addition to the resource, the shutter is associated with such a parameter as excerpt .

Before purchasing, decide which photography style will be dominant when shooting.

A short shutter speed will allow you to capture moments from life, “freeze” water and moving objects. Long exposure provides a long-term supply of light, which expands the boundaries of evening and night photography.

Built-in flash, is it really necessary?

The flash built in by the manufacturer is only suitable for amateurs who shoot in auto mode and don’t really think about the quality of the image. If your goals are to “click to make it happen,” then the built-in flash is for you. For development in photography, shooting volumetric images, the built-in flash will not work; its use often “negates” the full potential of the camera.

Cons of the built-in flash:
- shooting “head-on”, all the shadows on the face are highlighted or have hard transitions, because of this the effect of a flat image is created;
- red eyes and bright hard glare (overexposure) on reflective surfaces;
- there is no possibility to reduce the light intensity, therefore the exposure is not always set correctly;
- hard black falling shadows from objects;
- does not turn off during automatic and semi-automatic shooting, it works automatically depending on the lighting.

Despite the significant disadvantages, there are pros:
- the flash is absolutely free, when buying a camera with a built-in flash, you do not overpay. A built-in flash is rarely found on professional-level models, since only amateurs use it;
- compact dimensions. It is difficult to forget, lose or break.

If you seriously decide to take up photography and use your camera for commercial purposes, then think about buying an external flash.

Viewfinder and LCD screen

One of the important elements of a DSLR camera is viewfinder. The viewfinder is the primary transmission of information from the camera to the photographer.
The viewfinder is not responsible for the quality of the photograph, but it does influence the photographer’s perception of the final image.

Modern SLR cameras include:
- Optic. It is a set of lenses built into the camera. The image is displayed with a certain error, making focus adjustment more difficult.

- Electronic. Allows you to see the image without distortion, you can immediately see whether the photo is correctly exposed and the white balance. Helps to accurately focus in manual mode. Displays shooting options.

LCD screen installed on all modern SLR cameras. Taking pictures in LiveView mode (looking at the LCD screen) is not recommended, but it is still a useful addition. Manufacturers equip the LCD display with a touchscreen and rotating mechanisms.

Buying a camera with a rotating display will make the photographer’s life easier in many ways and will protect new jeans from dirt and dust. How, you ask? It often takes a long time to select a good angle for a successful shot; shooting from below has always been a winning option, but it’s not very pleasant to kneel down or lie down on the asphalt for the sake of a shot.

In LiveView mode, just rotate the screen and lower the camera to the desired level. Note that shooting in LiveView mode consumes power many times faster. To save energy, many models are equipped with a monochrome display. An additional display makes it easier to configure shooting parameters and displays basic indicators.

Video recording

This feature is not found on all cameras, and not every photographer needs it. Suitable for wedding photographers and videographers, for shooting semi-professional videos, and maintaining a personal blog. You can improve the recording quality with additional purchases: a microphone, a tripod. Modern models cameras support video recording in Full HD format, but this is still not enough for creating advertising or clips.

Let's sum it up

Choosing a DSLR camera poses... predicament not only beginners, but also professional photographers.

We recommend not focusing on a specific brand of camera, but based on the required characteristics. Having previously studied the information on the Internet, choose several suitable models and test them in the store. Pay attention not only to the characteristics and indicators of the “filling”, shape and weight also play an important role. Cameras with a metal body are more reliable, but not every photographer can handle carrying a kilogram body in his hands, and add to this the weight of the lens and flash.

Hold several cameras in your hand, the ergonomic shape and rubber grips will be an additional step towards comfortable shooting.
If your budget does not allow for the purchase of a full-frame camera, then consider inexpensive crop camera models. The characteristics of DSLRs in the same price segment are similar, so take a closer look at the little things that make the shooting process easier.

Research the compatibility of accessories and configurations for your preferred camera in advance. Sometimes buying a little-known brand leads to problems in selecting non-branded accessories. It’s easier to find additional equipment for popular cameras at a lower cost and easier to resell.

The main mistake that novice photographers make is investing completely in the body of the camera. While the best option is to invest in a lens, the addition is to buy a mid-level camera. A good lens unlocks the potential of the camera and the photographer. It is extremely difficult to achieve a professional level with a budget version of a kit lens.

Remember, 80% of success depends on the person operating the equipment, and not vice versa.