Aristocratic prefix to a surname. Number of names and family prefixes

Hello dears.
Have you ever paid attention to complex surnames? On all sorts of backgrounds and tsu? Personally, these things have always stood out to me. And I understood that this is not always connected with noble origin or titles. Because it happens in different ways :-) Let's look at some examples.

Ursula von der Leyen
Let's start with the German ones themselves. The most famous prefix to a surname is actually von (von). Most often this is a truly aristocratic surname. It can be translated as “from.” The prefix “von” indicates the place of origin of the surname, although there were cases when the surname was not associated with the place of residence. Well, Otto von Bismarck, for example. Alternatively, there is not “von”, but “fom”. These are abbreviations for variants with the articles “von der”, “von dem”. The essence is the same

Vladimir Fedorovich von der Launitz
Another option for aristocratic surnames was the prefix tsu (variants “tsum”, “tsur”, etc.). It can be translated as "in". And most often it was used in the mixed version “von und zu”, for example, Hartmann von und zu Lichtenstein.

The combination of the prefixes “von” and “zu” in the form “von und zu” indicates a person of noble origin whose ancestors have lived in a given territory since the Middle Ages, that is, this territory is in the possession of the clan at the time the surname is “fixed.” In addition, the prefix “zu” was worn primarily by the so-called “ruling princes”, who, due to the mediatization of 1803-1806, did not lose their princely title, but lost their “territorial” supremacy (for example, Zu Isenburg, Zu Stolberg). Thus, they differed from those princes who ruled after 1815 and bore the prefix “von”.
Here are the options
in, im, inder, an der, am, auf, auf der, aus, aus dem, aus den were not at all a sign of a noble family. Unless they were part of the ownership title. Although they also meant “from”. So-and-so is from such a place.
Here is a famous German hockey goalkeeper, for example, whose last name is Danny aus den Birken

Meanings close to German in Scandinavia and Finland. These are either natural noble surnames, or altered after receiving the title of nobility. For example, Carl von Linné. Before he was given the title, he was simply Carl Linnaeus :-)

Although other prefixes were sometimes used. For example, af, or even the French de or de la (though rarely).
But Swedish hockey player Jacob de la Rose plays in the NHL

They followed a similar path in Lithuania. The conferment of some awards equates to receiving a knighthood, that is, nobility and thus can change the surname. The famous media personality Anastasia von Kalmanovich changed her last name after her late (alas) most interesting husband Shabtai Kolmanovich received the Order of Grand Duke Gediminas.

To be continued...
Have a nice time of day.

Family prefixes- in some world nominal formulas, components and integral parts of the surname.

Sometimes they indicate aristocratic origin, but not always. They are usually written separately from the main family word, but sometimes merge with it.

Use in various countries

England

• Fitz - "son anyone", Anglo-Norman fitz(eg: Fitzgerald, Fitzpatrick)

Arab countries

• al (ar, as, at, ash) - indicates where a person comes from (صدام حسين التكريتي‎ saddam husayn at-tikritiy"Saddam Hussein of Tikrit")
• abu - father - abu-Mazen (father of Mazen)
• ibn - son - ibn-Khottab (son of Hottab)
• Haji is an honorary title for a Muslim who has made a pilgrimage to Mecca

Armenia

• Ter or Turn - [տեր] կամ Տերն, in the ancient Armenian original tears(Armenian տեարն), “lord”, “master”, “master”. For example: Ter-Petrosyan (Armenian: Տեր-Պետրոսյան).
• Nor - [Նոր], an uncommon form of prefix in Armenian surnames.

Germany

• von and other options (von der, von dem, vom, von und zu, von und zum, vom und zum, von zu, von und zu der, von in der) (for example: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) Belonging to the nobility, aristocracy, ancient family.
• tsu and other options (tsur, tsum, tsu in) (for example: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg)
• in and other options (in der, im)
• an der, am
• auf and other options (auf der)
• aus and other options (aus dem)

Israel

• Ben - (Hebrew בן‏‎ - son) (for example: David Ben-Gurion)
• Bar - same

Spain

• de - (for example: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra)

Italy

• della

Netherlands

• van is a particle that sometimes forms a prefix to Dutch surnames derived from the name of a locality; often it is written together with the surname itself. Corresponding in grammatical meaning to the German particle “von” (von), Dutch (van) cannot, however, be considered, like the first, a sign of noble origin. [Those Dutch names with the prefix Van, Van de, etc. which are not included in the number of words beginning with the syllable Van, should be searched under the letters with which the name itself begins.]
• van de
• van den
• van der
• van ten

Portugal

As in Galicia, Spain, France and other countries that arose after the collapse of the Roman Empire, in Portugal and the Portuguese-speaking countries the family prefix de is an identifier of noble birth:

• de ( de) - Gomes Freire de Andrade
• du( do) m.r. units h.
• Yes ( da) and. R. units Part - Vasco da Gama
• shower ( dos) m.r. pl. h.
• dash ( das) and. R. pl. h.

France

In France, surname prefixes denote noble origin. Translated into Russian, the prefixes indicate the genitive case, “iz” or “…skiy”. For example, Cesar de Vendôme is the Duke of Vendôme or Vendôme. For example: d'Artagnan means that the person bearing this surname is a nobleman from Artagnan.

The most common prefixes:

• if the surname begins with a consonant:
  • affairs
  • de la
• if the surname begins with a vowel:
  • de l".

Ireland and Scotland

• O" means “grandson.” For example, O’Reilly, O’Hara, etc.

• Mac - meaning "son" - in Irish and Scottish surnames usually indicates their origin. In most cases in Russian it is written with a hyphen, but there are exceptions. So, for example, the combined spelling of such surnames as MacDonald, McDowell, Macbeth, McGonaggle, McCoy, McLuhan and others is generally accepted. There is no general rule, and writing is individual in each case.

Others

• Yep (Arab countries)
• af (Sweden)
• Al (Arab countries)
• Be (Finland)
• bey, bek, ben (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
• Bet (Assyria), Bet Mushul
• yes, dalla, de, della, del, degli, di (Italy)
• da, di, dos, dos, dos (Portugal, Brazil)
• Zadeh, Dhul (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
• kyzy (Azerbaijan; at the end of the name)
• ogly (Azerbaijan; at the end of the name
• ool (Tuvian language), means "son"
• Ol (Arab countries)
• Pasha (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
• Ul (Arab countries)
• khan (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
• ol (Arab countries; at the end of a surname)
• Shah (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
• Ed (Arab countries)
• el (Arab countries; at the end of a surname)
• ES (Arab countries)

What does the prefix "pro" (cm) mean?

pro-Ukrainian, pro-Russian, pro-American and many many other options.

What exactly does it mean?

Natalya100

The well-known expressions “pro” and “contra” came into modern language from ancient Latin to mean “for” and “against,” respectively, without losing their original meaning.

Depending on which part of speech the prefix “pro” is added to, the meaning of the formed words and phrases also changes. About-communist, about American, about-presidential - denotes lobbying and commitment to the concepts that this prefix accompanies. In this case, the prefix is ​​used as an antonym for the word “anti.” The political connotation of words with this prefix depends on its use.

When added to verbs, the prefix denotes the direction of action.

When added to nouns, this prefix can indicate a position between something: about gap, about street

There are also ancient Greek roots “pro” - meaning “before”.

Then the prefix “pro” can denote the initial stage of a process that precedes something: about greenery, about seventh or previous stage of development of organisms - about echidna

Many new and fashionable cases of newly formed (neologisms) words with “about” have appeared, denoting supremacy, leadership, priority: about news, about biotics.

The above adjectives use the prefix PRO of Latin origin - pro. In Latin it meant something like FOR, FOR, FORWARD. Now it is used in adjectives to give them the meaning of a sign approving something, as in the words PRO-American, PRO-Russian and others. It can be used in two ways in nouns. As a separate morpheme, the prefix PRO is used to mean INSTEAD and, as a rule, forms nouns that denote something replacing, for example, PRO-rector, PRO-gymnasium. But more often this prefix is ​​part of the root, that is, it loses its uniqueness as a morpheme and then we get the words PROTECTION, PROGRESS and others.

Vladimir

It came from Latin. In ancient Rome, in addition to procurators who were in charge of the economy, there were also Caesaris pro legato and legatus pro praetore. In general, there it corresponded to the prefix “for”. And later, some of the clericalisms remained in Latin.

Murochka striped

The prefix “pro” came into our language from Latin and it means “for”, “instead of”, “for”. For example: pro-American means for the Americans.

But there are also many words in which “about” is included in the root of the word.

What does the prefix mean?

The prefix is ​​used in formation:
1. Nouns with meaning:
a) space near or along something (coast, seaside);
b) a set of objects characterized by an action named by the original word (growth).
2 Adjectives with meaning:
a) completed after what is indicated by the basis (post-reform);
b) characterizing productivity, measurability or distribution (income, alternate);
c) located, located near something (Volga region).
3. Verbs and means:
a) performing an action for some, often short, time (running);
b) strengthening the effect of any sign of quality, condition (increase);
c) beginning of action (run);
d) bringing the action to the desired limit (to fall in love);
e) bringing the action to its natural limit (turn purple).
4. An adverb with the adverbial meaning of place and time (everywhere, in the morning).

What does the prefix "pro-" mean? For example, PRO-American agent.

Dr Morgan

The prefix pro-, tied to phenomena negatively assessed by the official ideology, introduces the signified into the field of negative assessment.
The prefix of Latin origin pro- in the first half of the 20th century. showed little activity. For example, in Ushakov’s Dictionary only three derivative words with it are noted (pro-Japanese, pro-German, pro-fascist), and this prefix itself is characterized as follows: “Forms nouns and adjectives with the meaning: being a supporter, acting in the interests of someone, something.” In “New in Russian Lexicon-60” there are only two words with pro- (pro-imperialist, pro-Western); “New in Russian vocabulary-70” notes several of them (pro-Israeli, pro-Chinese, pro-colonialist, pro-NATO, pro-government, pro-junta). The prefix pro-, tied to phenomena negatively assessed by the official ideology, introduces the signified into the field of negative assessment. Therefore, with the word pro-communist in “New in Russian Lexicon-70”, an additional indication was needed about where this word is used: in the terminology of anti-communism: in other words, such a word can only be created by the enemies of communism.

The issue “New in Russian Lexicon-81” includes the word pro-Sovietism with an explanation: About support for the policies of the Soviet Union (a term of imperialist propaganda).

In the 1980s - 1990s, the evaluative component was eliminated from the semantics of the prefix pro-; it begins to connect with neutral words that do not express ideological assessment. Until the mid-1980s, this prefix was combined with adjectives based on the name of a country, party or nationality (pro-Israeli, pro-fascist, pro-German). Now the circle of its action has expanded and includes names of persons, including proper names, names of any processes (inflation, reforms), some other types of producers: pro-presidential, pro-Yeltsin, pro-government, pro-reform and pro-reformist, pro-inflationary, pro-Soviet, pro-Zionist, etc. Words like pro-market, pro-government can be used by supporters of different parties; they are devoid of ideological assessment.

Derivatives with the prefix act as antonyms for words with anti-: ...the government tried to return to a pro-inflationary policy in December–January. . Now anti-inflationary policy is not based on ideological beliefs. . .

Tatiana Lagunova

It means "positively disposed towards someone", "expressing someone's interests."
By the way, you gave an incorrect example: strictly speaking, it is impossible to express it the way you did it! You can, for example, say: “pro-American sentiments.” But an agent or spy can simply be “American” - without the prefix “pro”.

Tell me, who knows. What does the prefix “under” mean in the word substation, for example electrical?

What does the prefix “under” mean in the word substation, for example, electrical?
The prefix “under” in nouns gives them the meaning of representing a part of some whole, a department of some institution, for example, subdivision, subgroup, subclass, substation.
Indeed, the electrical station itself (representing a set of installations, equipment and apparatus used directly for the production of electrical energy, as well as the structures and buildings necessary for this, located in a certain territory) is a producer of electricity, and a substation, that is, an electrical installation intended to receive, transformation and distribution of electrical energy, consisting of transformers or other electrical energy converters, control devices, distribution and auxiliary devices, is only a link, a certain part of the chain in the production and distribution of electrical energy.

In the world of Naruto, two years flew by unnoticed. Former newcomers joined the ranks of experienced shinobi at the rank of chunin and jonin. The main characters did not sit still - each became a student of one of the legendary Sannin - the three great ninjas of Konoha. The guy in orange continued his training with the wise but eccentric Jiraiya, gradually ascending to a new level of combat skill. Sakura became the assistant and confidant of the healer Tsunade, the new leader of the Leaf Village. Well, Sasuke, whose pride led to his expulsion from Konoha, entered into a temporary alliance with the sinister Orochimaru, and each believes that they are only using the other for the time being.

The brief respite ended, and events once again rushed with hurricane speed. In Konoha, the seeds of old strife sown by the first Hokage are sprouting again. The mysterious Akatsuki leader has set in motion a plan for world domination. There is turmoil in the Sand Village and neighboring countries, old secrets are resurfacing everywhere, and it is clear that someday the bills will have to be paid. The long-awaited continuation of the manga has breathed new life into the series and new hope into the hearts of countless fans!

© Hollow, World Art

In today's episode of the program we will talk about what the prefix “von” means before German surnames, whether the title of nobility exists in Germany today and what privileges it gives to its owner.

Fans of long-distance reception can expect the next issue of the DH section.

So, your letters.

Hello, dear employees of Deutsche Welle! Regular listener Svetlana Zagreshchenko writes to you.

First of all, I want to thank you for sending me the German textbooks. This is truly a great help in learning the language.

I recently came to Germany under the au-pair program and now I live with a German family and am learning German, as well as getting to know Germany. Thanks to your radio, I learn a lot about Germany and am always aware of current events, and now I have the opportunity to see everything with my own eyes.

And here is a letter from the city of Lebedin, Sumy region from Oleg Karpenko:

Hello. Dear editors of Deutsche Welle. Karpenko Oleg Nikolaevich writes to you. I've been listening to your programs for a long time. They help me a lot in my work. I work as a German language teacher. My students also like your programs. With their help, children learn new material better. They really like the idea of ​​Eh, they really want to know what happens next. And thanks to the “Additional German Lesson” program, students will learn a lot of new things about Germany. Thank you for your “Wave”! I wish you to continue to work with the same enthusiasm and that you have more listeners every day!

Many thanks to you and your students, Oleg! We wish you success in learning German!

Leonid Matyupatenko from the Moldovan city of Chisinau - our regular radio listener, this is what he writes:

...I am 41 years old. I am a doctor of economics. I am interested in management and marketing. I have been listening to your programs with interest for twenty years now. On the air, I recognize your program by the voices of your announcers and program hosts. I especially like your programs on classical music on Mondays, it’s just a pity that the program is so long only 15 minutes. “The Reading Room” is a good program, and, of course, “The Market and the People.”

I would really like to hear about events in Moldova and Transnistria in particular in your programs, in the news at least sometimes. Agree, you rarely talk about Moldova, and the region is quite interesting. Wish you all the best. We are interested and need your broadcasts.

Vladimir Gudzenko from the Moscow region writes:

I always listen to your programs with great pleasure. And in the library computer room, having gained access to the Internet, the first thing I do every time is try to get to your virtual page. It’s very gratifying that the texts of your programs can sometimes be read there even before they are aired!

German history, international politics, the cultural life of modern Germany - these are just some of the topics that interest me and are covered in your programs. I am also very interested in the German media's coverage of events taking place in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union. Very interesting, in particular, are the messages from your Moscow correspondent Anatoly Dotsenko...

A Igor Disumabaev from Tashkent thanks for the materials received - printouts of the texts of the desired programs, asks to send the next ones, wishes us not to get sick and work.. Thank you, Igor, we will try!

The following letter from Kyiv from Sergei Satsyk(I hope I pronounce it correctly):

I really like the Deutsche Welle programs, which have become especially good lately. Most of all I like the program “Culture Today”. Particularly noteworthy was the broadcast about the Bayreuth Wagner Festival, which interested me in a new perspective on classical German music.

Another resident of Kyiv shares the same opinion. N. Guseletova(unfortunately, you did not write your full name). Thank you for your interest in Deutsche Welle programs.

We received the following letter by email. Eleonora Dobrinevskaya from Belarus writes to us in German. We translated it for our listeners:

I'm delighted, hello! Your new Internet page is top class! I want to say that I am delighted that Germany said “no” to the war in Iraq! I wish Germany a happy future and always be a strong country.

Our radio listener from the Russian city of Rtishchev Bondarev K.(unfortunately, I don’t know your full name) writes:

I started listening to you recently, but I am convinced that you are the best radio station. The only thing I don't like is the timing of your broadcast. Why don't you go on air during the day from 12 to 18? It would be great! I really like the program “Pages of History”. I especially love the programs: “Mailbox”, “COOL”, “Weekend”.

Angelina Badaeva from Moscow thanks for the German lessons, which she finds very interesting and educational:

When I first tuned in to Deutsche Welle, I was very happy, and when I found out that there were also German lessons, I immediately programmed the Wave’s broadcast frequency, and now it turns on automatically. Additional lessons are interesting because you can better learn the habits of the Germans, their culture, get acquainted with their behavior, etc. Since childhood, I have liked the German language and Germans in general; I am amazed by their neatness, politeness, and friendliness. They are wonderful role models!

Basil Ivanovich Kuts from the city of Zhitomir, he once served in the GDR in an aviation division near Berlin and has been listening to our broadcasts for more than 15 years. Vasily Ivanovich addressed us with the following question:

“Are there any noble titles left in Germany, for example, Baron von Straube, and what does the prefix “von” mean? I asked Elizabeth Wiebe to answer this question.

Nobility in Germany

First, about the meaning of the word “background”. This is, in the grammatical sense, an ordinary preposition indicating a starting point in space or a starting geographical point. Der Zug von Berlin – (train from Berlin). Der König von Schweden (King of Sweden), der Präsident von Russland (President of Russia). When combined with a surname, von means a title of nobility.

It seems to me that the title of nobility in our time does not play any role. Legally, it is part of the name, just like the Doctor of Science degree. But if you compare, Dr. Mayer means high professional qualifications. When applying for a job, a doctor will be given preference over a non-doctor. What does the prefix “background” do? If von so-and-so has not achieved anything in life, then a noble title will not improve his position in society. An example is our Cologne street musician Klaus der Geiger - Klaus the violinist. He is of noble blood. He has a vagabond lifestyle. Almost homeless.

- Yes you are right. People of noble origin in Germany can be found in any profession. The nobles no longer have privileges. They were abolished more than eighty years ago, after the First World War. Then the Constitution of the country stated that all people are equal from birth. Before this, for many centuries the nobles were a privileged class. In the 16th century, under Kaiser Charles the Fifth, in addition to the family aristocracy, nobility appeared, granted a charter from the king or the Kaiser. Among the ancient hereditary families, such nobility was considered unreal, second-class. And since 1919 in Germany, the title of nobility cannot be granted.

But can you buy this noble console for yourself? Sometimes something like this appears in the press.

- Buying does not mean that you pay someone and receive a certificate. A man who wants to become a nobleman must find someone who will adopt him, that is, he will live under the name of his adoptive father, albeit a noble one, but someone else’s. Adopting an adult is a complex procedure, and the nobility is false, even if everything is legally correct.

I think this is rare.

-Yes, it happens much more often that representatives of ancient aristocratic families do not advertise their high origins. For example, a prominent politician from the Free Democratic Liberal Party, Hermann Otto Solms, is actually Prince zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich. The real name of the scholar-historian Dominik Lieven is Dominik Prince von Lieven, but “prince” and “von,” his graduate students say, Professor Lieven calls “unmodern nonsense (unzeitgemäßer Unfug).” Another representative of this genus, a biologist, insists that he be named Alexander Prince von Lieven.

Well. If such a name, such a surname. I think it sounds beautiful. And since you have inherited a noble surname from your ancestors, then wear it with honor, so that it is not shameful to pass it on to your children and grandchildren. Do the descendants of the last German Kaiser still live in Germany?

- Yes. This is a big family. Even a few families that don't get along very well. Prince Georg Friedrich of Prussia recently made headlines due to the fact that he sold at auction 17 thousand items from the Kaiser's heritage: porcelain, silver. He needs the money to pay inheritance tax to the financial department. After the death of his grandfather, Georg (he was 26 years old) became the head of the House of Hohenzollern and the main heir. But he must pay a share of the inheritance to six relatives - uncles and aunts. By the way, the potential Kaiser is studying at the university and his fellow students simply call him Georg, and not “Highness.”

To summarize: the noble prefix in Germany is part of the surname, it does not give privileges, the title of nobility - unlike England - is no longer assigned to anyone. Nevertheless, the descendants of nobles are often rightfully proud of their ancestors and their surname. Thanks for the information, Elizabeth Wiebe.

Our radio listener from Kyiv, Afanasy Serebryansky, congratulates us on the 12th anniversary of the reunification of Germany and complains that we rarely answer him. Dear Afanasy, thank you very much for your congratulations! We receive a huge number of letters, which Deutsche Welle employees try not to leave unanswered. But letters sometimes travel a very long way – in both directions. But we willingly comply with Afanasy Serebryansky’s request to include one of the songs performed by the famous group “Backstreet boys” in the program.

Dear radio listeners, please send us your feedback and suggestions to one of the Deutsche Welle addresses:

In Russia - 190 000, St. Petersburg, Main Post Office, PO Box 596, Deutsche Welle;

in Ukraine our address is “Deutsche Welle”, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Street, building 25, 01901 Kyiv;

in Germany - Deutsche Welle, 50588, Cologne, Germany.

Write to us, we are always happy to hear from you!

Rules for forming a historical pseudonym in Germany.

So. Many of the representatives of the respected Assembly of Reenactors, in order to better immerse themselves in the environment they are studying, come up with various “historical” names for themselves, on top of those on their passports. This is a sound idea, in my opinion. For if a reconstructionist, being in the right detachment, turns to his neighbor: “Hey Vasya, give me a pike?” Or at a well-organized tournament with even some kind of ceremony, they call “knight Petya Pupkin” accepted the challenge of “knight Kolya Derevyashkinov”, then this still hurts the ear. It’s a completely different matter when a well-equipped squad of soldiers communicates with each other in the native commands of that era and in the language of that country. It’s always more pleasant to hear something like this in the ranks: “Klaus – you are responsible for the left flank! Take Ringe, Oswald Straube and Eugen and form a defensive line of the “gang” on the left.”

Or, for example: “Herr Obrist! Herr Alex von Kaln arrived with his retinue. Which plot should the knight be entrusted with?

And, it should be noted that many reenactors refuse modern names and use historical pseudonyms at festivals. This is good! Since all this (the format of field maneuvers, tournaments, festivals) is a game, such aspects make it more colorful.

However, if you take a closer look at the community, you can meet people who have created their own pseudonym, to put it mildly, incorrectly speaking. If you said that in those days, you could become a laughing stock)

That is why, so that such a moment of reconstruction as the NAME would also not be offended by science and common sense, I decided to write an article about how to make names. For now we will limit ourselves to medieval Germany.

Let's start with a simple class: peasants, burghers, soldiers, traders, etc... Everyone who was not a nobleman.

FIRST NAME LAST NAME

Everything is very simple - you need to choose a name from the names that actually existed at that time. Same with last name or nickname. It may not exist at all. There are a countless number of old German names. Google to the rescue: all sorts of Poles, Ottos, Oswalds, Heints, Dietrichs, etc... - it’s full there. Also, your native name can also be stylized to suit what you need. For example: Pavel - Paul; Dmitry - Dietrich, Dieter, Dietmar; Daniel - Daniel; Andrey - Andreas; Mikhail - Michael; Valery - Walter, etc..

If you need a surname, then you can do it simpler: look at what word makes up your surname and translate this word into German using an online translator.

EXAMPLE: surnames " KUZNETSOV"from the word BLACKSMITH- according to him. SHMITD!
or last name: " KASATKIN"from the word ORCA- in German Schwertwal.

Thus, a person with the full name Andrey Kasatkin can be represented in German as Andreas Schwertval ( Andreas Schwertwal) . It even sounds!

As a rule, among common people, the surname denoted their occupation: miller - müller; blacksmith - schmidt; mower - Mayer, etc... also the surname could be the father's name or formed from his name: Hans Oswald; Peter Ludwig, etc..

NICKNAME

For example, someone wants to be called and introduced not just by a stylized full name, but also by a special word that characterizes certain features of him.

That is, if the name of a certain tractor driver Vova Taburetkina nicknamed " THE VILLAIN » try to transform it to the historical lad. The following will come out:
Name Vova- take something similar Voldemar;
surname Taburetkin (from the word stool), in German it will sound like Hocker (Hoke )
popular nickname villain, translated will be - bösemann (Bözeman or Bözeman ) beat on the letter “e”

So here it is Vova Tubretkin “Villain” historically it can be named at festivals as:
Waldemar - Bözeman Hoke. Or Waldemar – Bözeman. Please note that if an adjective is used, for example " VICIOUS"then you need to add a prefix "Der" (DER ). And then Vova Zlobny turn into "Woldemar der Böse" and if with a surname, then " Waldemar der Böse Hoke" - it looks like some kind of Jap came out))))

By the way, the Germans usually write their NAME first, then their NICKNAME, and then their LAST NAME.

Of course, you don’t have to change your last name if you don’t want to. You can limit yourself to any other word: more complex: Wunderlicht; Brauhich; Steinnerbrener, etc..

NOBILITY

Now let's move on to a more complex, but so attractive topic for everyone - noble names and surnames.

The nobles have the same names as the common people. That is, we take old names in Germany of the desired period and select them.
Nicknames are the same.
But surnames are more complicated here. The main distinguishing mark of a nobleman from a commoner in Germany is the prefix " von"(« background "). Literal translation background – "from". That is, from such and such.
Goetz von Berlinchingen this means - Goetz is from the Berlinchingen family, who own the territory called "Berlingchingen" .

Or, Georg von Frundsberg – Georg of the Frundsberg family .

By the way, if you delve into their surnames, you can certainly break your head . (In Germany, by the way, there is one VERY serious book. It is kept in the archives of Baron Dayot von Gemingham and contains a list of all the noble families of Germany. We saw and looked at this book). For a person can bear one noble surname, but own a larger territory with a different name. So our friend Baron Dayo von Gemingen lives in the castle of the famous Goetz von Berlinhigen and is his relative.) Personally, I prefer to consult with specialists in Germany on this topic if I don’t understand something myself.

Precocious nobles

I'll start with an example. There was this cool guy in northern Germany, “Marx Mayer,” who was never a nobleman, but was simply cool and lucky. So the King of England Henry VIII HIMSELF made him a Knight, giving him a chain of the knightly Order of the Garter. And upon returning to his Lübeck, he began to call himself nothing more than Herr (LORD) Marx Mayer.

That is, he could not have the prefix “FON”, because he did not have a noble family. If he had come to the Kaiser, the Kaiser would have given him “6” acres of land and given him “background”. However, this did not happen, the man’s luck failed him - he was hanged in the late thirties of the 16th century.

Prefix “VON” (BACKGROUND)

For example, some burgher or mercenary was knighted for some great services. The burgher's name was "Theodor Müller" (Fyodor Melnikov). Only someone of the “level” from the Emperor to the Count could knight him. After this, our Fyodor Melnikov should have been given away certain properties - at least given a village. For example, they gave him a village called "Steindorf"(village "Kamenka" in Russian) from which he will collect tribute. In total, our Fedya Melnikov immediately turned into Fedya from Kamenka. Or Theodor von Steindorff. What to do with the old surname: Müller??? It can be written after the name before “background”, or it can be left unwritten.
That is: Theodor Müller von Steindorff. (Fedor Melnikov Kamensky)

And if Fedya Melnikov has a son - Adolf Müller. Then he is a nobleman from birth with the surname von Steindorf with the title “Freiherr”, if he also has an unmarried daughter - “ Ulli", then it will be called nothing less than: "Fraine" Uli von Steindorff". Having married Dr. Freiherr, turn into “ Frayfrau».

Also, do not forget that during the Thirty Years' War, many villages and estates were destroyed. But the names remained.

BARON

Very many of us in our movement like to call themselves “barons,” while at the same time they themselves are engaged in Germany from the Middle Ages. This is a BIG mistake.

The fact is that “baron”, if translated from Old Frankish, means a free man.

In Germany such people were called " Freiherr"(freiherr). And in Germany, freighters began to be officially called barons only at the beginning of the 20th century. By the way, this came from the Napoleonic period, when the French, while ruling the territories, simply used words accepted from below.

Therefore, the German Freiherr is an analogue of the French baron in the Middle Ages.

You need to understand the main thing: that the German Freiherr and the French Baron could have different incomes. It’s like the individual entrepreneur “PETORV A.E” has a super-small business and can barely get by, and the individual entrepreneur “Shmultsevich M.K” owns a cool store and...does not live sourly.

When forming letters of nobility, it is necessary to take into account the language of that territory. That is, if you are writing a German, you should write in German and use the term “ Freiherr", if you write France-Burgundy, then write in French and translate the baron into French.

Let's go back to the example. Noble title Knight Marx Mayer was called - " Freiherr" ( Freiherr) . Literally - free master. Freiherr, by the way, was the same one-armed Goetz von Berlinchingen. That is, having lands, a castle, an ancient noble family and the title of Reichsmarshal, Goetz stood at the lowest level of the noble hierarchy.

Therefore! Here is a kind of slander to all the recons who want to make nobility and claim titles, BARON, COUNT, DUKE, etc... - without a huge army under your banner; heaps of household items and other belongings, throwing yourself at high titles with bad manners and laughter.

The correct name would be Freiherr. Because now a reenactor with an average income can afford good-quality armor, clothing and some retinue. At any festival, a person well dressed as a German or Swiss nobleman, having normal armor, weapons and a retinue of at least three to five people, can safely declare himself “ Freiherr“and no one will say a word to him.

Well, if “one warrior in the field” and immediately “BARON” (and even a German one) or “COUNT” without a camp and even without a TENT, then this is not a baron, but a forge from the mountain...)))

Therefore, when I see “puffed up” single Barons; A margrafoff in a half-goblin uniform with upturned noses and sectarian rules in clubs - such individuals cannot cause anything but a grin!

The method proposed in this article is a kind of unitarianism for forming first and last names in the right way.

I am writing all this for a reason. Back in the 90s, we were all bright-eyed youths, noble to the point of ugliness and to the point of... idiocy. Some still remain that way. And we all wanted beautiful names, pretentious titles, and other “maximalist” nonsense!
For example, your humble servant, now the Head of the Frundsberg Army, chose a name for himself in 1997: William von Eisen. Having probably watched enough of “Braveheart”))) Mel Gibson was all “Sir William” there... And since the club was involved in Germany, it took the noble prefix “von”. And the last name is “Aizen”, that is, “Iron” (in fact, “Aizen” literally translated is iron in its raw form).

Well then, in the shaggy 90s and “dashing” 00s, this was excusable because no one knew a damn thing - there was no information. But those shaggy years have passed and those who failed to adapt to the progress of the military-historical movement have sunk into oblivion....

I met a German on one of the Polish Grunwalds. When I introduced myself to him, the German smiled lightly, without showing it. Over a beer, he later told me why. But why? My original pseudonym caused a chuckle. An English name was chosen, and the German noble prefix FON and the surname in the form of the word “IRON” were taken, that is, William - IRON! Yes, and I was dressed up like a “Teutonic” warrior, and not... an English sir)).

I later changed my name to the German “Wilhelm”

Later I learned from people knowledgeable in German heraldry how best to write my historical pseudonym. This is how I introduce myself at all modern knight tournaments: Wilhelm der Eiserne von Stahladler Duke of Tyrol. Or Wilhelm der Eiserne, in short. Wilhelm der Eiserne von Stahladler.

Or, for example, our beloved and respected expert Klim Zhukov has the correct source alias " Rotger von Eismarch» .

The commander of the Smolensk commander of the VLO has a very correct name " Max Tier»
His name is Maxim, and his nickname is “The Beast”

Hauptmann of the Frundsberg Army Konstantin Popkov has the correct nickname - " Christophe der Haise»

Member of the Frunsberg Army and well-known at the TF, an expert on armor and weapons " Bookworm» chose a German pseudonym

« Klaus Buch» .

Member of the Frundsberg Army Bazhutov Mikhail– my student and multiple participant in our plate tournaments has the name “ Michael Schwarzkreuz».

By the way, many citizens who do not have even a hint of some kind of material status of nobility add the prefix “ Background" For example… " someone" von Bern.

« Von Bern“The person who owns it can be called, if in those days. Now, this is probably the one who created this club and is in charge of it.
if a fighter of a given club wants to mark himself as belonging to a given community, then it would be correct to write as follows:
let's say Richter Straube zy Bern. That is, this means that " Richter Straube from Bern.

Or if a person claims a noble title and has the prefix “von”, then it would be correct to say:
Herr Waldemar von Radomski zu Bern.

So, friends! Observe a certain rule of name-formation and try to maintain the declared status with equipment, deeds and people who form your community!!!

And then, when you meet German recons, they will not make you laugh, even behind your back)))

P.S. If anyone has any questions about creating their own pseudonym, please contact us - we will help)