DSLR or system camera. Which is better - a mirrorless camera or a DSLR?

SLR camera manufacturers offer a large selection of interchangeable optics for all occasions. However, to carry a device with two or three lenses, you will need a bulky bag.

The large size of SLR cameras is explained by the presence of a mechanically driven mirror. It is located in a special housing and directs the light incident through the lens to the optical viewfinder. When you press the shutter button all the way, the mirror rises, clearing the path for light falling on the sensor.

DSLR body sizes vary quite widely: there are both relatively small cameras (for example, the recently released Sony Alpha SLT-A55) and very impressive professional cameras like the Nikon D3s. The size of the lens must also be taken into account. Sometimes the photographer has to manipulate a two-kilogram device with a length of 30 cm.

System cameras have half the size and weight. The lack of a mirror and an optical viewfinder, with which you can sight the subject through the lens, affects it.

Instead, most system cameras have an electronic viewfinder. This is a small display that receives images directly from the matrix. Panasonic cameras have the viewfinder built into the body; Some manufacturers include an external viewfinder for shoe mounting. This allows you to reduce the size and weight of the device.

Let's compare: the Sony Alpha NEX-3 weighs only 239 g, the rather small Pentax K-r DSLR weighs about 600 g, and the Canon 7D weighs as much as 820 g. Lighter and more compact standard lenses are available for Panasonic (G series) and Olympus (PEN models) cameras Micro Four Thirds. Most compact cameras with interchangeable lenses, depending on the lens, weigh no more than 500 g.

Question of price

Separately, the camera and lens are quite expensive, but when purchasing a so-called kit (kit), you can save up to 30%. For example, a Nikon D3100 kit + AF-S DX Nikkor 18-55 VR lens is available for an average of 21 thousand rubles; when purchasing the body and lens separately, the price will be approximately 24 thousand rubles. (18.5 thousand rubles + 5.5 thousand rubles). The Canon EOS 550D DSLR (price without lens - 24 thousand rubles) complete with a lens with a triple zoom (5 thousand rubles) is available at a price of 27 thousand rubles.

The Olympus E-P2 system camera without a lens costs about 25 thousand rubles; a kit including a lens with a three-fold zoom will cost approximately 12 thousand rubles. expensive. The price of the lens individually is about 14 thousand rubles.

The Panasonic LUMIX DMC-G2 compact camera with a 14–41 mm lens can be purchased for 22 thousand rubles. And the NEX-3 and NEX-5 models from Sony, complete with a lens, are available at prices ranging from 15 and 19 thousand rubles. respectively.

A set of a Panasonic LUMIX DMC-GH2 system camera and a 10x zoom lens is currently the most expensive among similar devices - approximately 60 thousand rubles.

Attention! The cost of additional lenses for relatively new models of system cameras is usually significantly higher than for DSLRs. For example, a 10x telezoom Panasonic H-VS014140E costs 35 thousand rubles!

In most cases, more affordable third-party products for system cameras are not available - while for a DSLR, a 10x zoom lens from Sigma or Tamron can be purchased for less than 10 thousand rubles. Replacement module Ricoh S10 24-72 mm F2.5-4.4 VC with A 3x zoom lens and a 10-megapixel sensor for a Ricoh GXR camera will cost approximately 20 thousand rubles. And for a 50 mm Ricoh A12 50 mm F2.5 lens with a fixed focal length and a 12.3-megapixel matrix you will have to pay about 39 thousand rubles.

Equipment

Both DSLRs and system cameras have many useful features and automatic modes. However, the situation with outbreaks is not the same. In DSLRs, the flash is built into the body; Among compact cameras with interchangeable lenses, only the G1, G2, GH1 and GH2 from Panasonic have a similar design. All other system cameras require an external flash.

System cameras often cannot use the viewfinder and flash at the same time. Compacts with interchangeable lenses are capable of displaying subjects on an LCD display; however, this ability is not lacking and modern models SLR cameras.

Control

Even a beginner can operate both types of cameras. In SLR cameras, the subject being photographed and the selected parameters are displayed extremely clearly and clearly in the optical viewfinder. Electronic viewfinders on system cameras exhibit lower image quality. But they have a number of useful additional functions.

Video shooting

All system and modern SLR cameras allow you to shoot video, including in HD quality. Models Panasonic GH2 and Sony NEX-5 record videos in Full HD resolution (1920x1080 pixels), the rest record with a resolution of no more than 1280x720 pixels. Modern DSLRs, with the exception of the Pentax K-r, are capable of shooting video in Full HD format. However, in auto focus mode, some of them are not fast enough.

Photography

DSLR cameras demonstrate the best image quality - however, system models are only slightly inferior to them. Due to the fact that the matrices of both types of cameras are almost 10 times larger in size than the matrices of conventional compact cameras, it is possible to take photographs with very low noise levels even in low light conditions.

Depth of field (DOF) is changed by increasing or decreasing the aperture size. And thanks to a large selection of interchangeable lenses, the appropriate focal length can be selected for any shooting conditions. Inexpensive compact cameras can't compete in this regard: their photos tend to be less detailed and contain more noise.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Bottom line

Both DSLR and system cameras provide excellent image quality while providing plenty of manual adjustments. And they cost almost the same. Anyone who is the proud owner of an analogue SLR camera is recommended to purchase a digital SLR. By being loyal to the brand, the photographer will likely be able to continue to use the lenses he or she owns.

However, you may encounter some functional limitations in the autofocus mode. System cameras are ideal for beginners and ambitious owners of regular compacts. They are easy to operate and have many useful features, such as an intelligent system for automatically selecting a subject program. In addition, the small and lightweight camera is convenient for the owner and invisible to others.

The mirrorless camera market is currently experiencing a boom in high-end devices. There have been some great cameras announced in the last couple of months alone. These cameras will allow photographers to create truly professional photographs. Now the models feature robust housings, large sensors and big amount compatible lenses. More recently, system cameras could only compete with DSLRs entry level, but today, they compete with mid-range models. We'll look at expensive mirrorless cameras that cost over $1,000.

Who are expensive mirrorless cameras for?

Let's be honest - not everyone can afford cameras priced around $1,500, and also take into account the additional costs of optics, which can cost about $500-800. Such models were created for professional artists who are willing to pay for high quality images. And due to the absence of a mirror in system cameras, they are lighter and more compact.

Let's consider the Olympus OM-D E-M1 camera, created for true connoisseurs of quality and comfort. Users appreciate the light weight and size of the model, while the camera is capable of creating high-quality photographs in low light conditions; the mirrorless camera is quite expensive, approximately $2,000, including the lens. For that kind of money you can buy a full-frame SLR camera, which is designed for professional photographers who know a lot about the quality of both technology and images.

What to look for in high-end mirrorless cameras

If you're going to invest such a huge amount of money on a camera, you need to know what you're paying for, and the list of requirements for new camera equipment will be long.

Firstly, the quality of the photographs must be excellent; of course, the quality of the images is not the only important factor, but it is one of the fundamental conditions. Please note that when we talk about good quality photographs, we are not talking about perfect photographs, we are simply talking about decent images - clear and bright. You can get pictures like this with almost any camera that costs over $400.

Go ahead. A mirrorless camera should have a well-thought-out, powerful and high-quality body, where all the buttons and functions are well thought out and well implemented. Great importance It also has a display and an electronic viewfinder with high resolution. In addition, the camera must be fast, it must have instant focusing and a good burst speed. If the autofocus system is not snappy, you may miss an important shot. If you photograph a subject in motion, this can be a fatal mistake.

The important point is that the camera must be compatible with a large number of lenses. This is very important, because only in this way will the master be able to experience the freedom of creativity. Micro Four Thirds cameras have the most compatible lenses compared to Canon or Nikon.

Which camera to choose

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One of the best expensive mirrorless cameras is the Olympus OM-D E-M1. The model has a rigid body and also has a weather seal that protects the camera from water, dust and dirt. The camera can be exposed to water for ten minutes. In addition, the model boasts the fastest autofocus among all system cameras, the OM-D E-M1 is capable of photographing up to 10 frames per second. The mirrorless camera has a very high-quality image stabilization system. Thanks to fast autofocus, good image stabilization, and high burst speed, the OM-D will provide you with excellent photographs. Of course, to get pro-level performance, you'll have to pay a "pro" price.

A key feature of the E-M1 is its weather sealing, which wildlife photographers will appreciate. They will no longer have to be afraid and worry about their photographic equipment while filming in the pouring rain, in the mud, and in the dust. In addition to a durable and reliable camera body, you will also need a water-resistant lens. If it is necessary to take photographs underwater, the photographer will need an underwater housing; with it, you can dive to great depths and spend as much time underwater as necessary.

The E-M1 body has a relatively big size Because of this, the camera has many external controls. You can directly control focus, use automatic and manual modes. There is also a shutter button, two dials for controlling the mirrorless camera, a video recording button, a mode switch and two custom Fn buttons.

The camera has very conveniently placed important controls that allow you to control exposure bracketing, white balance and ISO sensitivity. Most photographers will be satisfied with the user-friendly menu system. At first, it may be difficult for you to navigate all the variety of buttons, but over time, once you get used to the layout of the controls, working with the camera will become much easier.

There are fewer controls on the rear panel. There is a large tilt-and-turn touchscreen LCD display, the resolution of which is impressive. The screen has a resolution of 2,360,000 dots. As for the electronic viewfinder, it has 100% coverage and a zoom of 1.48, and there is also an eye sensor near the viewfinder, which allows you to automatically switch the camera's focus control between the display and the viewfinder. The E-M1 viewfinder is one of the largest, highest resolution viewfinders currently on the market.

One of the advantages of owning Micro Four Thirds is the availability of a large number of lenses compatible with the cameras. Moreover, even lenses from other brands are compatible with Micro Four Thirds models.

Olympus OM-D E-M1 users will appreciate the speed of focusing during continuous shooting. The camera not only shoots up to 10 frames per second, but also produces well-focused shots. The camera's focusing system contains 81 contrast-detecting focus points and 37 phase-detecting areas. The E-M1 is the fastest mirrorless camera, although compared to DSLR cameras, the OM-D E-M1 is still inferior.

The stabilization system on the E-M1 is also the best in a mirrorless camera and arguably one of the best available on the camera market today. Olympus has four stops of stabilization - this means that at a shutter speed of 1/15, the camera can shoot the same as at 1/125, in terms of stabilization.

The OM-D E-M1 also comes with a must-have Wi-Fi feature that allows you to shoot remotely using the camera. In this case, the camera will be controlled via a smartphone.

Image quality is extremely important. Perhaps this is the main measure by which a camera can and should be evaluated. The E-M1 can withstand serious competition with other cameras. Despite the fact that the OM-D is equipped with a Thirds Micro Four sensor, which is noticeably smaller than an APS-C sensor, the mirrorless camera is capable of creating beautiful and high-quality photos.

The size of the camera sensor is significantly smaller than the full-size sensor of the Sony A7. There's every reason to believe that the Sony A7 will produce more impressive photos. Why is sensor size so important? A larger sensor means that each pixel on the sensor is larger, which will help you get more light out of it. Typically, a larger sensor size means better dynamic range, lower image noise, and the ability to achieve a much shallower depth of field.

When it comes to cameras with a Micro Four Thirds sensor, the E-M1 is the best camera that produces truly impressive photos. Thanks to excellent technical components, image quality is on par with most APS-C cameras. The differences in color and dynamic range are so small that you'll hardly notice the differences between the two cameras. One resource comparing the OM-D E-M1's light sensitivity performance states that "We didn't notice any significant degradation in image quality in low light conditions compared to APS-C DSLRs."

The weak point of the E-M1 is video shooting. Videos taken with this mirrorless camera look pretty good, but the quality is lagging behind many other mirrorless cameras. Reviewed.com reports that the E-M1 has some problems when shooting moving subjects.

The Sony A7 costs $300 more and has a slower continuous shooting speed, plus the camera has a slow autofocus system and not very good image stabilization.

There are other characteristics in which the A7 did not perform well. A serious problem for photographers can be the lack of a large number of compatible lenses. Sony announced only five native full-frame lenses that could fully realize all the advantages of the A7 and A7r. You can use any of the Sony NEX compatible optics, but in this case, images will be cropped, as if shooting with an APS-C sensor. You can also use full-frame Sony Alpha optics, but in this case you will also need an adapter.

The A7 is capable of shooting at 5 frames per second, while the E-M1 shoots at 10 frames per second. At the same time, the model is $300 more expensive. So, while the A7 has some advantages in photo quality, there are also a number of shortcomings that may put off potential buyers.

More affordable models

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For less than $1000 you can buy a Sony NEX-6 camera. It has a much smaller body and is also lighter than the E-M1. This mirrorless camera can withstand exposure to moisture, dust and dirt, although the quality of the photos will be much worse.

If you are interested in mirrorless cameras at a lower price, then it makes sense to consider purchasing a model with a Micro Four Thirds sensor. Where in the middle, between NEX-6 and E-M1 is E-M5. As of today, this camera can be purchased for $1,230 including lens, and is a great alternative for people who are looking for better management camera and a larger body than the NEX-6. Despite its more impressive dimensions, the E-M5 is not as huge as the E-M1. It is believed that photographers who do not intend to use all the functions of the E-M1 can safely opt for the smaller and more affordable E-M5.

Even more alternatives

There are several other models that also deserve a little discussion. The Panasonic GH3 is hardly a serious rival to the OM-D E-M1, but it boasts excellent video quality. If you are looking to purchase a camera for frequent video shooting, then this is the one for you. The Sony NEX-7 can still be had for $1,100 with a lens, but it doesn't have Wi-Fi or weather sealing like the E-M1.

Without SLR cameras from Fujifilm are characterized by low speed, although there are good models among the brand’s products. Thus, Fujifilm X-E2 has many characteristics that will attract a demanding user, and the focusing speed in this model is much higher than that of other cameras of the brand. The Fujifilm X-E2 doesn't have image stabilization or Wi-Fi like the E-M1.

For those who are especially keen on style, there are cameras from the Leica M series, but for such mirrorless models you will have to spend about $7,000.

Mirror models

The E-M1 proves that with mirrorless you can get high-quality, beautiful images just like taking photos with a DSLR.

While you can take great photos with a mirrorless camera, choosing between a DSLR and a mirrorless camera is very important. If you're planning to spend more than $1,000 on a new camera, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons.

For about $1,500 you can purchase a Nikon D7100 along with a lens. This camera is not as bulletproof as the E-M1, but it is also weather sealed and has a durable body. Buy the D7100 and you'll get better photos, better autofocus speed, and compatibility with many lenses. The D7100's battery lasts three times longer on a single charge, and the camera supports dual memory card slots and has an optical viewfinder rather than an electronic viewfinder.

E-M1 has great system image stabilization. The mirrorless camera is also much lighter and smaller than the D7100 DSLR camera. The DSLR weighs 765 grams, while the E-M1 weighs only 497 grams. Not only the camera itself weighs a little, but also the lenses compatible with it, in general this will lead to significantly less weight of all photographic equipment used by the master.

The E-M1 allows you to take the same beautiful photos, with excellent detail and color reproduction, as with a DSLR camera. At the same time, the mirrorless camera weighs much less, but has a more durable body that is resistant to adverse weather conditions.

Conclusion

The Olympus OM-D E-M1 is a mirrorless camera that costs over $1,000. The model has excellent operating speed, which has no equal among other mirrorless cameras. If you are striving for the best quality photos and plan to work a lot on fresh air, then the Olympus OM-D E-M1 is what you need, the camera has a weather seal that allows it to be exposed to strong water for 10 minutes, and also has a fantastic continuous shooting speed of 10 frames per second. In this camera you will find everything you need to work productively and take great photos.

In contact with

Buying a DSLR camera does not guarantee high quality pictures simply because not everything depends on the camera: without the appropriate knowledge How And What When taking photographs under certain conditions, the picture may come out clumsy. That is, shooting with Auto with Flash against the sun and expecting the candy to come out is very reckless. This way you end up with bulky and often expensive photographic equipment that is inconvenient to carry around not only because of the weight, but also the fear of damaging it or accidentally “messing up the settings.”

Secondly, look not expensive or compact You don’t even have to start with a SLR camera. DSLRs, due to their design (size of the mirror, pentaprism, location of the optical viewfinder), simply cannot fit into a jacket pocket. This technique only happens relatively compact And relatively inexpensive, because simple cameras like Nikon D5100 will cost from 12 thousand rubles for a “carcass” (a camera without a lens).

Why not a SLR camera?

Firstly, because dimensions And design housing. SLR cameras have, have and will have massive bodies. There is simply no other way: since it is impossible to reduce the space for the reflex system (mirrors and pentaprisms), it is impossible to make cameras of this class smaller. Plus, the identical location of the optical viewfinder in all cameras of the device of the same type makes similar friend to a friend (at least for the average user). Perhaps the only thing that can be distinguished is the presence of a rotating display and the location of some physical control buttons, the shape and coating of the body in the grip area. Otherwise, the body is like a body for 90% of SLR cameras with similar functionality.

Secondly, due to weight. In the case of SLR cameras, larger dimensions also mean more weight. Inexpensive models will weigh less than professional cameras, because... For the production of the housing and their controls, plastic of medium quality and strength was used. However light It will still be difficult to name them.

So, for example, the Canon EOS 1200D weighs 480 grams (without battery and lens) with body dimensions of 130x100x78 mm.

Thirdly, due to mirrors And shutter. Each shot involves movement of these elements. The fact is that the mirror does not rotate silently - a soft click will accompany every frame you take. Nikon cameras, for example, have a silent mode, but it would be more correct to call it quiet. In some shooting conditions, noise is more than undesirable. Plus, with the movement of the mirror, the air in the camera body also moves, so it is easier to dust the matrix in a DSLR camera than in a mirrorless one.

No matter how hard manufacturers try, the mechanics of an SLR still lead to camera shake, even if only slightly. During daytime photography, this does not affect the clarity of the photos, but when long exposures shaking - a critical flaw.

The mechanics significantly limit the frame rate. Nikon D7100, for example, shoots 7 frames per second in standard mode, and Nikon D4 – as much as 11! But to better understand, What must happen to shoot these 11 frames in 1 second, watch the video.

By the way, every SLR camera has a “shelf life”, measured not in years and months of service, but in the number of frames it takes. So, for example, a maximum run of 150-200 thousand frames is already an excellent indicator. If you think that you won’t be able to do that much in your entire life, you are mistaken. On average, 40-50 thousand pictures can be taken in a year of active use.

Please note that this limitation only applies to shutter operation - other elements of a DSLR camera can withstand longer. But after reaching a critical number of shutter clicks, it will probably start to act up. So be prepared for this.

And finally, mechanics are an expensive pleasure when it comes to maintenance and repairs.

We also add that purchasing a SLR camera also includes purchasing replacement lenses. Most cameras in the entry-level and mid-price segments are equipped with a kit lens (18-55 mm), the shooting quality of which leaves much to be desired. If you want to shoot portraits with beautiful blurry backgrounds and stunning close-up detail, you'll have to buy a portrait lens because... You won't get this kind of picture quality on Kit.

This is not to say that DSLRs are complete crap and there are some cool mirrorless cameras on the market - better buy them. But simply to the fact that when purchasing equipment, it is better to know as much as possible about it.

Why a mirrorless camera?

In the last 5-6 years, the market has been actively filled with mirrorless cameras: it’s not to say that the best mirrorless cameras are much cheaper than equivalent DSLR models. Often we can talk about the same price rating. Therefore, you shouldn’t expect that a mirrorless camera will be cheap either. By the way, do not confuse mirrorless cameras and point-and-shoot cameras: the absence of a mirror does not make this technology low-grade.

The choice of a mirrorless camera can be justified by:

• less weight and size;
• lack of mechanics with a mirror;
• the presence of a hybrid automatic focusing system;
• presence of an electronic viewfinder;
• cost.

Sales of “pocket” cameras went down when smartphone manufacturers changed their approach to positioning mobile equipment. Now, when you buy a good expensive smartphone, you also buy a good camera - models with 13 megapixels, 20.1 megapixels, an optical stabilization system and other “tenacious” characteristics are no longer new. In this case, the combination of fairly compact dimensions and high quality photographs speaks in favor of a mirrorless (system) camera.

The absence of a mirror and pentaprism allows the camera to be smaller: the compact mirrorless camera Sony Alpha A6000 has dimensions of 120x67x45 mm and weighs only 344 grams (with a charged battery).

Without a moving mechanism, this equipment is less subject to wear, makes less noise when shooting, there is no shaking that occurs when the mirror is working, the camera is capable of shooting more frames per second (11 frames is the average, and not the maximum, as among DSLRs), and it’s also mirrorless easier to clean :-)

What does a hybrid autofocus system provide? Greater accuracy and speed of focusing on an object. The hybrid system is also found in some SLR cameras, by the way.

Not every SLR camera has a live view mode, that is, using not an optical viewfinder, but the ability to adjust the frame by viewing the shooting scene directly on the display. Mirrorless cameras do not have an optical viewfinder and you need to navigate by the image on the display or by the picture in the EVF (electronic viewfinder). But this has a number of advantages.

So, for example, all the involved settings will be displayed on the screen and EVF at the time of shooting (in SLR cameras, some of the settings can be seen in the optical viewfinder, mainly these are autofocus points, aperture, shutter speed and ISO settings). In addition, in bright sunlight, when most displays simply go blind, the EVF will help you view the footage without having to look for a shadow or cover the display with your palm in the hope of seeing something.

With an EVF, what you see through the viewfinder and what you end up shooting are identical images, while the optical viewfinder basically covers 95% of the frame, which sometimes results in unwanted elements appearing in the photo. you simply didn’t see it in OVF.

DSLR cameras have a limited number of focus points (for example, the Canon EOS-1D Mark III has 19 focus points, while for most average cameras the norm is 11 points). In mirrorless cameras, the phase tracking sensor is placed directly on the sensor, so there is no restriction on what exactly you want to focus on.

To better understand what we are talking about: the focus points in DSLR cameras are mainly concentrated around the center of the frame, so focusing on objects in the corners of the frame without ruining the composition can sometimes be very difficult.

A mirrorless camera also “follows” a dynamic subject better. In DSLRs, this function is currently implemented only in top models.

In the mirrorless class there are both prime models and mirrorless cameras with interchangeable lenses, and the quality of the latter is in no way inferior to lenses for DSLR models. True, everything here is also relative: the optics for Samsung mirrorless cameras are produced by the South Korean company itself, whose products have never been seen in the hands of professionals until this moment. This is thought provoking. But there is no doubt about the quality of lenses for Sony cameras, for example.

By the way, you can also come across full-frame mirrorless cameras in stores. What does it mean? Full frame gives higher-quality images (especially at high ISO values), gives images an effect of depth and expands the frame area by almost 30%. In other words, a lot more image fits into the frame on the so-called full frame.

Full-frame SLR cameras are the ultimate dream of almost everyone interested in photography, and for professionals, having a full-frame is almost required condition quality work. Professional mirrorless cameras are still an emerging segment of the market and few people are switching to full-frame mirrorless cameras like the Sony Alpha 7 or Sony Alpha 7R. If only because the image quality of the “mirror” is still noticeably better. And there are much more professional optics, without which it would be stupid to shoot full-frame, for DSLRs.

Why not a mirrorless camera?

Perhaps the main disadvantage of mirrorless cameras today is the limited operating time on a single battery charge. While DSLR cameras are capable of taking both 1,000 and 5,000 frames, mirrorless cameras generally do not last longer than 300-400 frames.

And so, you need to look at it in the context of each specific model: for some, few interchangeable lenses have been released so far, for others, the EVF has a slow response, for others, the electronic viewfinder is too contrasty, which also makes working with the camera very difficult.

If you are not an advanced photographer, but are simply interested in high-quality photography with small camera dimensions, you can safely buy a mirrorless camera instead of a DSLR.

Well, or put the question of choice differently: definitely buy a mirrorless camera instead of a compact point-and-shoot camera. Here a mirrorless camera is definitely a hundred times better. Yes, it will cost more, but the image quality is noticeably high compared to compacts, comfortable Dimensions, as well as advanced settings (such as the presence of a touch screen and built-in Wi-Fi module) more than justify this.

Let's summarize

Why is a DSLR camera better than a mirrorless camera? If we talk about the middle and higher price segments, then the image quality, first of all. No matter how hard the manufacturer tries, the mirrorless camera still does not reach the level of a DSLR camera. But it comes as close as possible to it. The second main advantage is the insufficient number of interchangeable optics for mirrorless cameras, while for SLR cameras There are no problems with lenses at all (by the way, you won’t be able to install the optics of a DSLR on a mirrorless camera).

The differences between a DSLR camera and a mirrorless camera that speak in favor of the latter are its compact dimensions with high image quality. Entry-level mirrorless cameras also take good photos, but it would be more logical to compare them with the quality of photos taken with regular compacts. Plus, the lack of a rotating mirror mechanism can extend the life of the camera before the first repair or cleaning.

As for prices, the same full-frame mirrorless digital cameras and entry-level full-frame DSLRs cost almost the same - for the Sony Alpha 7 you will have to pay, on average, 56 thousand rubles, while the Nikon D600 costs 57 thousand (which replaced it Nikon D650 – 64 thousand).

The initial price level is also proportionate: approximately 11-12 thousand rubles.

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Elizabeth

Without a twinge of conscience, I ask for “phone number” from guys and girls I don’t know well. To check whether the lock button fits comfortably under your finger and whether the autofocus works quickly :) I would like to visit MWC and conduct a live blog from the thick of things.

In 2008, the first models of mirrorless cameras entered the market. These cameras are called differently:

• EVIL (Electronic Viewfinder with Interchangable Lens) - electronic viewfinder and interchangeable lenses,
• MILC (Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens (Compact) Camera) is a mirrorless compact camera with interchangeable lenses,
• ILC (Interchangeable Lens Compact) - interchangeable lenses compact,
• ACIL (Advanced Camera with Interchangeable Lens) - an advanced camera with an interchangeable lens.

These are all names of one class of cameras: mirrorless system digital cameras with interchangeable lenses.

Differences between mirrorless cameras

The main difference between this class of cameras and SLR cameras is absence of a movable mirror and pentaprism. This made it possible to reduce the working distance of the lens.

Sighting and depth of field assessment occurs using an LCD screen or electronic viewfinder.

On the left is the mirror block of a SLR camera, on the right is the sighting and lens block of a mirrorless camera

Another difference is considered focusing method. Focusing in mirrorless cameras occurs only using the contrast method.

DSLR cameras use faster and more accurate phase focusing. But in mirrorless cameras, when manually focusing, you can bring the focusing area closer, which is an advantage. There may also be an indication of the contrast level in the focusing area, which makes focusing easier. Yes, and using the touchscreen you can select an object in the image on which to focus.

The latest models of mirrorless cameras also have phase focusing, which uses sensors built into the matrix. Then the camera uses hybrid focusing (phase and contrast).

What do system cameras provide?

The use of a mirrorless camera with a larger matrix than that of compacts and the ability to use interchangeable lenses allows the photographer to get Image quality comparable to photos taken with DSLR cameras. And all this with a camera comparable in size and weight to compacts.

In terms of capabilities and price, mirrorless cameras are located between compacts and DSLRs. They are often comparable in performance to entry-level DSLRs. These cameras can be recommended for amateur photographers who lack the capabilities of a compact camera, but size and weight make a difference.

It is worth saying that the choice of optics for DSLRs is much larger, and you may encounter a problem when choosing the lens needed for a mirrorless camera in a particular situation. But manufacturers are constantly expanding their fleet of lenses for system mirrorless cameras, and various adapters are also being produced to match cameras and lenses.

Mirrorless cameras cannot replace professional SLR cameras, but for advanced amateurs they are quite suitable.

Pros and cons of mirrorless cameras

• The first and most obvious argument of system (mirrorless) cameras is case size and weight. Still, the mirror unit takes up quite a bit of space in a DSLR camera.
• Large ASP-C matrix gives a big advantage to mirrorless cameras over compact cameras and does not allow them to be much inferior to full-format SLR cameras in this parameter.
• Having gotten rid of the mirror, the time for shooting has now been reduced. The shooting speed now depends only on the time of reading information from the matrix, which makes it possible to implement a shutter speed of 1/2000 sec. or less. The absence of a block of mirrors also eliminated the vibration of the body from the mechanical operation of this mirror.
• Using the screen as a viewfinder now allows you to fully appreciate the depth of field and brightness of the entire frame. But in some situations, when very precise focusing is needed, a screen with a limited resolution may not provide desired result. At the same time, in bright external lighting (bright sun), the LCD screen may lose its contrast and aiming will become difficult. This is where the optical viewfinder of a DSLR would have an advantage.
• Constant operation of the matrix, processor, screen leads to faster battery discharge and matrix overheating. This is not the case in DSLRs, because they aim through the optical viewfinder.
• In SLR cameras autofocus occurs according to the phase method, which uses the flow of light from the mirror in its work. System cameras do not have a mirror, so focusing is based on contrast analysis. But it is slower and less accurate.
• Another advantage of mirrorless cameras is that they are smaller lens flange distance. This is the distance from the last lens element to the matrix. This design allows telephoto lenses to be made smaller and lighter than for DSLRs. But at the same time, the production of wide-angle lenses becomes more difficult.

Examples of models

As an example of mirrorless cameras with interchangeable lenses, we present camera models that have been recognized as the best in last years according to EISA.

Fujifilm X-Pro1 was recognized as the best professional system camera of 2012–2013. This camera uses a new X-Trans CMOS sensor equipped with a special color filter. A hybrid viewfinder and Fujinon optics are used.

The approximate price of Fujifilm X-Pro1 is about $1000.

The Olympus OM-D E-M5 is recognized as a European compact system camera. Very fast autofocus and electronic viewfinder. There is a five-axis optical stabilization system. Matrix 17x13 mm with a resolution of 16 megapixels.

The approximate price of the Olympus OM-D E-M5 is about $1000.

Sony Alpha 7R - the best professional system camera 2014. Matrix Full Frame, 36 MP.
Sony Alpha 7R

The approximate price of Sony Alpha 7R is about $2000.

Read more about the best cameras 2014.

Every season, a whole bunch of new camera models of various price categories with individual characteristics appear on the world market. To choose a camera, which will be most convenient for you in all respects, I have divided all digital cameras into 5 categories. This will bring clarity to the huge number of cameras you choose from online stores. Agree, it is simply impossible to compare models and understand their numerous characteristics directly upon purchase. The classification I propose allows choose the best camera or, at a minimum, make an informed decision before purchasing a camera, based on objective data.

Before you start analyzing the characteristics and types of cameras, decide on the following questions:

1. For what purposes will the camera be used: amateur or professional?
2. How much are you willing to spend on the device?

For example, professional photography in addition to careful selecting a camera involves the purchase of various modules and additional accessories for the camera. System and SLR cameras require modernization by purchasing replacement lenses, flashes and other components. Of course, most cameras in other categories can also be improved with additional accessories, but to a much lesser extent.

If you intend to use future photographs mainly for publication on the Internet, but the quality provided by a smartphone, even with a good camera, is not enough, then make sure that the model has a built-in wi-fi (WLAN module). I advise you to take a closer look at cameras with Android OS on board; they will make posting photos on the Internet even easier. The article will consider only those devices that have video recording functionality with Full HD support.

Megazoom cameras

Megazoom cameras They are a mixture between DSLRs and compact models. Their main feature is the widest range of focal lengths. These cameras are always equipped with large lenses and offer many manual settings. Such models have compact matrices, but “megazooms” have dimensions that exceed the dimensions of conventional cameras.

Cameras in a protective housing

Users who prefer leisure and extreme sports place special demands on digital cameras. These devices must be compact, lightweight, have a shockproof housing, protection from dust and moisture, and their control must remain convenient in any situation. When choosing this type of camera, you should pay close attention to the degree of security.

Universal cameras

Users who lack the capabilities of budget camera solutions and are not happy with the dimensions of megazoom or SLR cameras should take a closer look at universal models. They have an abundance of various settings, high-capacity batteries and the ability to install additional accessories and extensions. And the large size of the matrix, in turn, allows you to create excellent pictures.

System cameras

In a nutshell, system camera is a “DSLR” housed in a lightweight and compact body. This is one of the most promising types of cameras today.

DSLR cameras

A DSLR camera provides the photographer with great opportunities due to the presence of an interchangeable lens and a huge number of manual settings. To get acquainted with the “DSLR”, the optics supplied with it (Kit) are quite suitable. But in some cases, buying a model without a lens will save you enough money to purchase better-performing optics from a third-party manufacturer, depending on the camera mount.

Megazoom cameras

The main feature of megazoom cameras is a lens with a huge range of focal lengths, providing the ability to shoot both with a wide viewing angle and low magnification, and with a very narrow angle and a fairly large zoom. The main task of the manufacturer is to fit a fast, universal lens into a compact body. As a result, you have to sacrifice either neat lens dimensions in favor of aperture ratio and optical quality, or vice versa. In addition, the larger the telescope of the lens, the more compact it is, but the less reliable and durable it is. Of course, megazoom cameras have dimensions that exceed the average dimensions of conventional compact models. We also note that such devices are aimed primarily at enthusiastic users, especially those who love to take panoramic photos or sporting events.

Best Camera: Sony Cyber-shot DSC-HX20V

The best overall performance was the model from Sony. The camera attracts with its rich functionality, but the 18-megapixel CMOS matrix does not have a very large physical size - 1/2.3′ (6.17 × 4.55 mm). The device is equipped with a three-inch screen and uses a micro-USB connector for both communication with a PC and for charging. The camera also has a built-in GPS module that allows you to link photos to geographic coordinates and register a track even when the device is turned off

Best Choice: Canon PowerShot SX240 HS

This camera, with a very attractive price, has almost perfectly balanced characteristics: the scores obtained in the main disciplines are almost equal. The camera offers an interesting (especially for fans of sports events) video recording mode at a speed of 240 fps. The disadvantage of the model is, perhaps, the low resolution of the three-inch display (461,000 dots) - the other representatives of this category have twice as much.

Rugged cameras

These cameras are intended primarily for lovers of active and extreme types of recreation. To ensure that the devices can be used underwater, their housings are made completely sealed. Control buttons, which in standard models are the main conductors of water inside the case, in protected chambers do not allow it to pass through, and the covers of the battery and memory card compartments are equipped with special sealing gaskets. In addition, protected cameras are not afraid of shocks, sudden changes in temperature and pressure. However, it is worth keeping in mind that the degree of security of cameras varies, therefore, when purchasing such a model, you should carefully read the specification. You have to pay for protection both literally (such a camera is, of course, more expensive than a similar unprotected one) and in a portable sense - these devices are larger and heavier than classic compact models and are not equipped with rotating displays.

Best Camera: Panasonic Lumix DMC-FT5

This model of a secure camera allows you to take photos and videos at a depth of up to 13 m. Also, the Panasonic Lumix DMC-FT5 can withstand a fall from a 2-meter height. At the same time, the camera demonstrates the best image quality in its class and is well equipped: there are built-in WLAN and GPS modules, an NFC interface, as well as a tourist kit: a compass, barometer and altimeter.

Best choice: Sony Cyber-shot DSC-TX20

This representative of the TX series (ultra-compact rugged cameras from Sony) with a 3.3-inch touch screen is distinguished by a stylish design, low price, rich equipment and excellent performance. This allowed the model to earn the title of the best choice in its class. The camera remains waterproof to a depth of 5 m, and shock resistance is guaranteed when dropped from a height of no more than 1.5 m.

Universal cameras

Cameras in this class continue to be the best-selling cameras because they are the best choice among all categories of cameras. They have an impressive number of different settings, both manual and automatic, fairly large batteries and the ability to purchase additional accessories, such as a separate flash, as well as telescopic and macroscopic lens attachments. The large physical size of the matrix allows you to take very good shots, and in terms of image quality, provided there is good lighting, such cameras are comparable to SLR models. Universal cameras are well suited for all kinds of trips and travel, as well as situational shooting using the “saw, got it, shot” principle. These devices are also supported by the fact that even many professionals purchase such devices as a second device for everyday use.

Best Camera: Canon PowerShot G1 X

The best camera in terms of image quality among those reviewed, this is facilitated by a huge matrix for this type of camera, exceeding the 4/3 standard used in system cameras. The device offers a ton of manual and automatic settings, a tilt-and-turn display, and a variety of mechanical controls. The only drawback is the low performance - this applies to both continuous shooting and shutter delay.

Optimal choice: Nikon Coolpix P7700

Yes, the camera is no longer a new product, but it is still competitive. Here's why: high image quality, excellent equipment, a lot of manual settings (there are three dials for setting parameters, as many selections of operating modes and functions). Let's add to this the presence of a folding display, a fast lens and the largest optical zoom among those mentioned in the article. Yes, and a great price.

System cameras

Manufacturers have long been looking for a solution to overcome the limitations imposed by the presence of a mirror as a key element of DSLR cameras. Several years ago, digital devices without mirrors, but with interchangeable optics, appeared on the mass market. They came to be called system cameras, or “mirrorless cameras.” The presence of a large sensor and interchangeable lenses allows you to take pictures of almost the same quality as DSLR models. At the same time, their dimensions, weight and price are smaller due to the absence of a mirror block. The image from the lens goes directly to the sensor, from there to the display and/or electronic viewfinder. This design easily allows you to use the tilt-and-turn display in shooting mode and record video, which for DSLR cameras requires a fair amount of technical tricks: you need to raise and fix the mirror, and send the image from the lens to the matrix, essentially turning the device into a mirrorless one.

Best Camera: Sony NEX-6

The picture quality and performance of this model are almost ideal when compared with competitors. In addition, the Sony NEX-6 is very richly equipped. For perfection, the only thing missing is a movable display that rotates only in one plane.

Best Choice: Sony NEX-F3

According to test results, the Sony NEX-F3 model demonstrates the same image quality and resolution, since it uses a similar sensor. The ISO range of the younger model is narrower, and the noise at equal ISO is higher, which is a consequence of simplified electronics. Of course, the equipment and performance differ greatly to a lesser extent. But the battery life has even increased.

DSLR cameras

Mirror digital cameras V Lately are no longer the preserve of only professionals and enthusiasts. In a short time, many budget amateur “DSLRs” have appeared. Such models provide the photographer with great opportunities due to the presence of interchangeable lenses, external flashes, devices for macro photography, and thanks to an impressive number of different settings, manual and automatic. In their design, SLR cameras are fundamentally different from all others: in them, the image passing through the lens is projected not directly onto the matrix, but onto a mirror unit, from where it is then perceived by the photographer’s eye through the optical viewfinder. Therefore, these devices allow you to immediately see and evaluate the frame. Entry-level DSLRs are good for photography enthusiasts, but most users may find them bulky and difficult to use.

Best Product: Sony Alpha SLT-A77

This camera is made using translucent mirror technology, in which the light flux from the lens is divided between the matrix and the viewfinder, which increases the reliability and speed of shooting, since the mirror remains motionless during the photographing process. On the other hand, this design somewhat reduces the light flow reaching the matrix. However, given the photosensitivity of modern matrices, this is not very significant. In addition, this camera is the most equipped among its competitors.

Best choice: Canon EOS 60D

A camera with the best price/quality ratio and a well-balanced combination of key parameters. The advantages include a display that rotates in two planes (one of the first movable displays from this manufacturer) with high resolution. The disadvantage is the low burst speed and rather narrow ISO range. In addition, high color noise makes it practically useless starting from a value of 3200 units.