A task for developing attention in elementary school. Games and exercises for developing attention in primary school children

Department of Education

Administration of the municipal formation Nadymsky district

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 1 with in-depth study

individual items" Nadym

Nizhegorodtseva Svetlana Aleksandrovna, primary school teacher, first qualification category

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nadym city 2014

A collection of exercises for developing attention in the process of teaching primary schoolchildren

Types and properties of attention

Attention is closely related to interest and is therefore divided into arbitrary And involuntary. Voluntary attention is subordinated to conscious goals. By first subordinating his attention to the teacher’s verbal instructions, the student gradually learns to formulate the tasks facing him and organizes his attention. Voluntary attention requires certain experience and the ability to organize one’s activities. Therefore, children develop involuntary attention earlier, and only later, in the course of their development, voluntary, intentional attention is formed.

Another property - attention span. This is the number of objects that can simultaneously be in a person’s area of ​​attention. In younger schoolchildren, the attention span does not exceed 3-4 objects, and in some children it is even less. A small attention span does not give the child the opportunity to concentrate on several objects and keep them in mind. Pedagogical correction of attention span has limited possibilities. Therefore, the teacher simply needs to take into account the small amount of attention. It will increase as the child's brain develops. Experienced teachers, knowing this feature, limit visualization in the lesson to 3-4 manuals, do not give different examples of more than a designated number, and even build their explanations of new material into blocks that do not exceed the volume of children's attention.

Sustainability of attention - This is the ability to maintain concentration of consciousness on a specific object. In younger schoolchildren, attention span actively increases by the age of 9-10. At the beginning of the educational process, it lasts in the time range from 7 to 12 minutes. For the teacher, this first of all means that the explanation of new material with all the preparatory work should not last more than 7 minutes. It would be a mistake to think that the more preparatory exercises we select, the better the students will understand the new topic. This can only be true if the time limit is not exceeded. Often, when explaining educational material, we see that the child seems to be listening to us, is not distracted, is not talking, but it is clear from his gaze that his concentration has weakened. Psychologists advise stopping the explanation for a few seconds and asking the guys to each ask themselves the question “What am I doing now?” After this, stability of attention returns.

Distribution of attention- this is the concentration of consciousness on two different objects at the same time. This property is necessary for younger schoolchildren, for example, when doing annotated writing (the child must simultaneously say what he is writing down and carry out the writing process), when checking his own work (you need to read the written text and at the same time look for spellings, check them and compare them with what is written) , when conducting mathematical dictations. As you can see, this is a very useful and necessary property for studying. However, you need to remember that it is precisely this that is not formed until the age of 7 with the normal mental development of the child. Therefore, in the 1st grade, children, answering at the board, are able to first say and then write a sentence. By the age of 8, the distribution of attention between 2 learning objects becomes the norm, if one of the necessary actions is at least to some extent automated. If a student has automated the writing process (he does not need to remember every graphic symbol), then he can learn to speak at the same time.

Concentration of attention– concentration on the object of attention, the process of immersion. Sometimes a person gets so deep into doing one thing or another, so engrossed in reading a book or watching a movie, that he doesn’t see or hear anything around him. We probably all dream of students being so enthusiastic about solving problems or writing exercises. If the student does not know how to concentrate his attention, then his consciousness seems to slide over objects, without stopping for a long time on any of them. As a result, the impression of the object remains vague and unclear. There are several reasons for reducing concentration. Surprisingly, one of the reasons is the presence of adenoids in the child. This inflammatory process does not allow the brain to receive enough oxygen and, as a result, creates absent-minded attention. The biggest problem of modern children is watching TV, and now a computer has also been added. The fact is that flashing frames require a superficial look, while a concentrated look during prolonged viewing causes a headache. If children watch a lot of TV, they easily develop a superficial view and transfer it to other activities.

Peculiarities of attention of younger schoolchildren

During a child’s education at the primary level, significant changes occur in the development of the attention process; all its properties are intensively developed: the volume of attention increases especially sharply (2 times); by the age of 9-10, children are able to maintain and carry out an arbitrarily given program of actions for quite a long time. Research shows that different properties of attention have different “contributions” to learning success. Thus, when mastering mathematics, the leading role belongs to the volume of attention, and learning to read is associated with stability of attention. From this we can conclude: by developing various properties of attention, it is possible to increase the performance of schoolchildren in various subjects.

How to get children's attention?

All teachers know how difficult it is sometimes to get the classroom back into working order after a break or a physical education lesson. Overexcited kids are unable to immediately concentrate on school assignments. In order to induce a state of so-called pre-attention in children and calm them down a little, you can use the following techniques:

a) Sign “Attention!”- the teacher raises a circle with a red exclamation mark in the center;

b) “Rainbow of Attention”- this technique is for concentration. To carry it out, you will need simple equipment: 7 white landscape sheets with a colored circle in the center, its diameter is 7 cm. The colors of the circles are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Each color corresponds to a day of the week. The sheet is attached to the board. Pleasant calm music is turned on. Students silently look at the center of the sheet for 30 seconds, then close their eyes and another 30 seconds. hold in front of them the image of a leaf with a circle.

c) “Hunters of the Yumba Tribe”- the teacher invites the children to imagine themselves as Yumba Indians. Their main activity is hunting. Hunters must be very attentive, be able to notice and hear everything that happens around them. Example words from the teacher: “Imagine that you are on a hunt. Let's be silent for a while, so that the class becomes completely quiet. Try to hear all kinds of noises and guess their origin.” To make it more interesting, the teacher can specially organize some noises and sounds.

d) “Who can hear me...” If there is noise in the class and the children will not calm down, the teacher can quietly say the following phrase: “Whoever can hear me, raise your right hand.” Some students will probably hear and raise their right hand. Next, the teacher quietly says: “Whoever can hear me, raise both hands.” Some children will raise both hands. The teacher quietly pronounces the phrase, drawing out the words: “Whoever hears me, clap your hands twice.” Here you will hear popping noises, which alarm even those who have not yet reacted to the teacher’s words. The teacher quietly says: “Whoever can hear me, stand up.” After this, all the students usually stand up, and there is silence in the class. The teacher achieves his goal - the children's attention is drawn to him. This technique, unfortunately, cannot be used often in the same class: a lot here is built on the effect of surprise.

e) “Prohibited movement”- this attention game can be used as the final moment of a physical education lesson. The teacher agrees in advance with the children which movement shown to them will be “forbidden” (for example, you cannot raise your hands up). The teacher shows the students different movements (including prohibited ones), gradually increasing the pace. The one who repeated the prohibited movement is eliminated from the game.

f) “Please: the teacher shows various movements; if the word “Please” is pronounced, the movements are repeated by the children; if the word is not spoken, the movement cannot be repeated.

Exercises to develop concentration and self-control

"Corrective test": The essence of the technique is that the child is asked to find and cross out certain letters in printed text. You can use newspaper clippings, old unnecessary books, etc. as material. Conditions: daily for 5 minutes. at least 5 times a week for 2-4 months.

Rules:

The game is held in a friendly atmosphere, children can be additionally interested, first find out who they want to be, say that this training will help them become good drivers, doctors, etc.

Losing should not cause you to feel displeased.

The volume of the text viewed does not matter and may vary for different children: from 3-4 sentences to several paragraphs.

As you master the game, the rules become more complicated: the letters being searched change, they are crossed out in different ways, 2 letters are searched at the same time, one is crossed out, the other is underlined (syllables, circling, ticking, etc.)

Option: underline the first letter in each line:

To tro To nt kk jube To wow To ayvya
Mitchu m R m ohe m T m hchf m ts

Another option: first we underline one letter (C), and cross out the other (O), then at the command “Attention!” a line is drawn and the second part of the work begins: C – now we cross out, and O – we underline:

A golden flower grew,
He became round and fluffy. ("Attention!")
Sasha will blow, laugh,
The fluff will fly with the wind.

A similar exercise can be carried out on educational material, offering students a grammatical analysis of several texts. In the text, nouns should be underlined with one line, and adjectives with two. Then, at the command “Attention!” - on the contrary - nouns have two lines, and adjectives have one.

Analysis of the results shows that after some time the use of such exercises, the teacher’s call “Be careful!” can induce a state of concentration in children. Simultaneously with the introduction of such play exercises, the child’s attitude towards reading a textbook on the Russian language should be changed. Children are taught that exercises in a Russian language textbook, unlike reading, must be read aloud as they are written - orthographically. Based on the results of the work, the number of omissions and incorrectly crossed out letters is calculated. The indicator of normal concentration of attention of younger schoolchildren at first is 4 or less absences, more than 4 - weak concentration. The test can take place as follows: first, this role is assigned to the teacher, and later to the neighbor at the desk. The winners can, for example, receive a token, at the end of the week the number of tokens is counted, and the best one can be rewarded. If you carry out similar exercises regularly for 2-4 months, the number of errors in students’ written work is reduced by approximately 2-3 times.

Exercises for concentration and attention span

a) "Copiers": Schoolchildren are asked to rewrite the following lines without errors:

Ammadda bereyure avvamava essesnessas detailata;
- etaltarrs usokgata enazloby klatimori liddozoka;
- minotsaprimapavotil schonerkapridyurakeda kuftiroladzloekunm

b) Munsterberg test: words are hidden among the letter row

Options:

The hidden words are in italics:

B SUN DEC HEAT EZI FISH JC

Find dictionary words among the letters and correct errors:

SCH RIBINA FHZ VILLAGE UYE APARTMENT LBO CORTINA

Among the letters, find and underline the words, find the extra word:

PVC DOG AT COW LD BOAR EJTSY HORSE

Separate words from each other in a continuous text and write down a saying (you can add a grammar task related to the topic of the lesson - for example, determine the tense of verbs, declension of nouns, etc.)

UNDERLYING STONE WATER DOESN’T FLOW /Water does not flow under a lying stone./

b) “Encryptions”

Decipher the words, find the odd one out:

IAKBNI /Bianki/ KVASLADO /Sladkov/ URCHSHINA /Charushin/ KOVYLR /Krylov/

c) “Coding” words using numbers. Each letter has its own number.

For example: encrypt the words METRO, CAKE.

N M E T R A L O S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 23458 , 4854

Replace them with the sum of the bit terms;

Name the total number of hundreds, tens, etc.;

Find out how much the first number is greater than the second.

Exercises to develop auditory attention

These are arithmetic dictations that are well known to us, but the point of the exercise is that each task consists of several actions. The teacher can give the following instruction: “Now I will read arithmetic problems to you. You have to solve them in your mind. The numbers you receive must also be kept in mind. Write down the results of calculations only when I say: “Write!” The content of the tasks itself depends on the age of the children, their preparedness and program material. For example:

Grade 1 – Given two numbers 6 and 3. Add these numbers, subtract 2 from the resulting number, then another 4. Write. /answer 3/

Grade 2 – Given two numbers 15 and 23. Add the first digit of the second number to the first digit of the first number, subtract 2 from the resulting number, and now add 4. Write. /answer 5/

Grade 3 – Given two numbers 27 and 32. Multiply the 1st digit of the second number by the 1st digit of the first number and subtract the second digit of the number from the resulting product. Write. /answer 4/

Grade 4 – Given two numbers 54 and 26. To the second digit of the first number, add the second digit of the second number and divide the resulting amount by the first digit of the second number. Write /5/

Exercises to increase the level of attention distribution(ability to perform several actions simultaneously)

The sentence is read aloud to the children. Reading is accompanied by soft tapping of a pencil on the table. Children must memorize the text and count the number of beats.

The child draws circles in a notebook and at the same time counts the claps with which the teacher accompanies the drawing. Execution time – 1 minute. The number of circles and the counted number of strokes are counted. The more circles are drawn and the claps are counted correctly, the higher the score.

- “Counting with interference”: the child names numbers from 1 to 20, while simultaneously writing this sequence on a piece of paper or board, but in reverse order: says 1, writes 20, says 2, writes 19, etc. Then the execution time and the number of errors are calculated.

Educational games and exercises

1. Exercise “Watch your speech.”

In the twenties of the last century, this attention game was very popular. The presenter says: “The lady bought a toilet. There are 100 rubles in the toilet, buy whatever you want, don’t say yes and no, don’t buy black and white.” And he begins to ask tricky questions, trying to “snatch” forbidden words from the answerer.

Do you want to buy a black dress?
- I want to buy a green dress.
- Does green suit you?
- I just like green velvet.

Will this be a ball gown?
- Ballroom.
- Should your green dress be long?
- Yes(!).
Losing. For example, you should have said “Of course.”

This is a game, on the one hand, to develop the ability to ask psychologically complex, “raining down” questions, thereby diverting the attention of the person answering to thinking about a complex answer from not using forbidden words, and on the other hand, to develop the attention of the person answering the questions.

You can simply agree on which words or parts of speech cannot be said and then ask a variety of questions. There should be a lot of questions. This is a frank test of attention.

For example, these:

Did you have breakfast today? Do you like your hairstyle?
Are you late for class today? Are you left-handed? Do you like cinema?
What flowers do you like and what do you dislike? Why?

2. Exercise "Forbidden letter".

In this game, everyone will have to watch themselves so as not to spill the beans.
And it’s not surprising to let it slip, as we’ll see now.

One of the game participants is appointed as the driver. Turning to the players one by one, the driver asks each of them some simple question, demanding an immediate answer. For example: “How old are you?”, “Who do you sit at your desk with?”, “What kind of jam do you like?” etc. The one to whom the question is addressed must immediately give any answer, but without using in his phrase a letter that, by agreement, is declared prohibited. Let's assume that the letter "A" is declared prohibited.

Of course, the driver will try to find tricky questions, answering which without the letter “A” would be difficult. "What is your name?" And he will ask, say, a comrade whose name is Vanya. It is clear that he cannot give his name. He'll have to get off with a joke. "I can't remember!" - he will answer, resourcefully avoiding the trap prepared for him. Then the driver will turn to another participant in the game with the same unexpected question.

The game is played at a fast pace, you are not allowed to think for a long time. If you hesitate, don’t answer right away, or, confused, use a forbidden letter in your answer, take the place of the driver and ask questions. We will consider those who never fell into a trap and gave quick, resourceful answers as winners.

As a variant of the game, the condition may be not to pronounce the forbidden letter, i.e. it must be replaced in words with any other.

3. Exercise "Hidden hint".

In this game you are allowed to give hints, although not in the usual way.

We choose a driver and declare him a guesser. Let's ask the guesser to leave the room for a minute or step aside. In the meantime, let's think of a word. This must be a singular noun, consisting of four to five letters, and all the letters in it must be different, for example “table”, “mosquito”, “board”, “sail”, etc. There are many such words, choose they won't take long.

The driver's task is to guess the word we have in mind. Since this is difficult, you will have to help him, that is, suggest something, but, of course, not directly, but in some indirect way, relying on his intelligence and attention.

Let's assume that the hidden word is "mosquito". It is unknown to the guesser.

Please tell me the first letter,” he addresses the players.

It is his right to demand a hint, and any three participants in the game can give hints, each in their own way.

The first letter of the hidden word is "K".

How can you suggest it without directly naming it?

This is how it is done. Three players take turns pronouncing one word, one or two syllables, containing the letter “K”. Let's say one says the word "compass", another - "marmot", the third - "drop".

The letter "K" is repeated in all three words.

The guesser will highlight this letter and remember it.

Give us the second letter! - he demands.

Three other players will tell him the second letter, say, with the following words: “lesson”, “elephant”, “mole”. Having highlighted the letter “O” repeated three times in them, the guesser will also try to remember it.

If the guesser is attentive and does not get confused in our clues, then we will give him the right to appoint a new driver himself to continue the game. And if he doesn’t guess the word we’ve planned, we’ll make him drive again: let him train his attention some more.

4. Exercise "Hidden word".

In games, people often look for a hidden object.

But you can hide and find not only objects. In the game we are about to introduce, you will have to look for hidden words. And we will hide them among other words.

In such a game, keen eyesight and observation will no longer help; other qualities will be needed: concentration, attention and resourcefulness. The game begins, as usual, with the choice of driver. We will “hide” the words, he will “look for” them.

Let's ask the driver to leave the room for a while and say some well-known proverb or line from a familiar poem. Let’s say we decided to hide the proverb “Language will take you to Kyiv.” Let's break this text into parts: “language”, “to Kyiv”, “will bring”. Why such a breakdown is needed will become clear from the further description of the game.

The driver returns. He is informed that a proverb is “hidden” and that, when starting to search for it, he can ask any three questions to any three participants in the game. The driver will understand that the text of the hidden proverb is divided into three parts and that the first one to whom he turns with a question must insert the first part of the hidden text into his response phrase, the second - the second part of the text and the third - the last part of the text.

Let's see how it turns out.

"What did you see in your dream today?" - suppose the driver asks one of the participants in the game. Tom needs to enter into his answer the first part of the hidden text - the word “language”, but in such a way as to better hide it among other words. He can say: “I saw in a dream that I arrived in a foreign city, went into the dining room, and there they served me such a dish that it was impossible to pronounce its name: you would break your tongue.” "Where do lemons grow?" - let’s say the driver asks the other. He can get off with a joke: “In warm countries and in my grandfather’s garden: he lives on a collective farm, twenty kilometers before reaching Kyiv.”

The phrase seems to be smooth, but the words “to Kyiv” may make the driver be wary and take note of them. The last question, whatever it may be, can be given an evasive answer: “Don’t be so curious, it won’t lead to any good.” Now let the driver guess what proverb we have made.

5. Game "What has changed?"

The game is played like this. Small objects (eraser, pencil, notepad, match, etc. in the amount of 10-15 pieces) are laid out on the table and covered with newspaper. Whoever wants to test their powers of observation first, please come to the table! He is asked to take 30 seconds (count to 30) to familiarize himself with the arrangement of objects; then he must turn his back to the table, and at this time three or four objects are transferred to other places. Again, 30 seconds are given to inspect the objects, after which they are again covered with a sheet of newspaper. Now let's ask the player: what has changed in the arrangement of objects, which of them have been rearranged?

Don't think that answering this question will always be easy! Answers are scored in points. For each correctly indicated item, the player receives 1 point as a win, but for each mistake, 1 point is deducted from the winnings. An error is considered when an item is named that was not moved to another place.

Let’s mix up our “collection”, arranging the items in a different order, and call another participant in the game to the table. So, one by one, all team members will pass the test.

The conditions of the game should be the same for everyone: if four objects were swapped for the first player, then the same number was swapped for the rest.

In this case, the best result is 4 points won. Everyone who passes the test with this result will be considered winners of the game.

6. Exercise “I remember everything” (development of attention and memory).

This fun game can be played by two, three or even four people, competing in the ability to remember words in a given order.

Compliance with this condition is monitored by the referee, who keeps a check sheet during the game, writing down the words named by the players. Words are selected on a specific topic, such as the names of cities, names of plants or animals. Let's say that the theme of the game is the names of cities. Of course, it is better to name cities that are well-known; they are easier to remember.

So, let's start the game. The participants sit in a circle.

Tula, says one. The judge immediately writes this word down on the control sheet.

The second player, repeating the named city, adds the name of another city to it:

Tula, Poltava.

Tula, Poltava, Omsk, - announces the third.

If there are three players, then the turn goes back to the first. It should add one more name to the list of cities. For example.

Tula, Poltava, Omsk, Vladivostok.

So, each time adding one city, the players on their next turn must repeat all the cities named earlier, mentioning them in the same order and without skipping a single one.

At first this comes relatively easily, but when the list of names exceeds a dozen, you will inevitably begin to stumble. And the judge, adding each newly added word to his check sheet, vigilantly watches to see if anyone misses at least one of them.

The one who makes a mistake is eliminated from the game.

The rest continue the competition until one of them is the winner.

Divide everyone who wants to take part in this game into threes. In every three, someone will be the winner. And then arrange a final meeting of the winners for the title of champion in this interesting game.

7. Where is whose house?

A game for developing sustained attention. Offer your child a drawing depicting seven different animals, each of which is hurrying to its own house. Lines connect animals to their homes. You need to determine where whose house is without drawing a pencil along the lines. If the task is difficult for the baby, then allow it, but eventually put the pencil aside.

8. Exercises to develop stability and switching attention.

You can play like this. Call your child various words: table, bed, cup, pencil, bear, fork, etc. The baby listens carefully and claps his hands when he comes across a word that means, for example, an animal. If the baby gets confused, repeat the game from the beginning.

Another time, suggest that your child stand up every time he hears a plant word. Then combine the first and second tasks, i.e. The baby claps his hands when he hears words for animals, and stands up when pronouncing words for a plant. These and similar exercises develop attentiveness, speed of distribution and switching of attention, and, in addition, expand the child’s horizons and cognitive activity. It’s good to play such games with several children; desire, excitement and a prize for the winner will make them even more exciting.

To develop sustained attention, give your child a small text (newspaper, magazine) and ask him to cross out a letter (for example, a) while looking through each line. Record the time and number of errors. Graph your results daily and analyze them. Rejoice in your child's successes. Then, to train distribution and switching of attention, change the task. For example, like this: “In each line, cross out the letter a, and underline the letter p.” Or like this: “Cross out the letter a if it is preceded by the letter r, and underline the letter a if it is preceded by the letter n.” Record time and errors. Don't forget to praise your baby.

9. Exercise "What has changed?" (development of observation).

A game for training observation skills. It is best to play with several children. Everyone stands in one line. The presenter calls one child and offers to remember the appearance of each participant in the game. This will take 1-2 minutes. After this, the baby turns away or goes into another room. The remaining participants in the game make minor changes to the costume or hairstyle: you can pin on a badge or, conversely, remove it, unbutton or fasten a button, change places with each other, change your hairstyle, etc. Then the person remembering must name those changes in the costumes of his comrades that he was able to notice.

If you do not have the opportunity to gather a large company, you can modify this exciting game: place 10 objects on the table in front of the child, ask him to turn away and at this moment change the arrangement of the objects. Then offer to answer what has changed.

10. Pictures "Find the difference".

All the kids enjoy looking at the pictures. You can combine business with pleasure. Invite your child to look at pictures that, for example, show two gnomes (or two kittens, or two fish). At first glance they are exactly the same. But, looking more closely, you can see that this is not so. Let your child try to spot the differences. You can also select several pictures with ridiculous content and ask your child to find the inconsistencies.

Find 11 differences

11. Exercise "Color your other half."

There are also exercises to develop concentration. You need to prepare several half-colored pictures. And the child must color the second half of the picture in the same way as the first half was painted. This task can be complicated by asking the child to first complete the second half of the picture and then color it. (This could be a butterfly, dragonfly, house, Christmas tree, etc.).

12. Exercise "Numerical table".

Show your child a table with a set of numbers from 1 to 25, which are arranged in random order. But first, make sure your baby knows all these numbers. Tell him: “Try to find, show and say out loud the numbers from 1 to 25 as quickly as possible.” Most children 5-7 years old complete this task in 1.5-2 minutes and with almost no errors.

1

10

11

18

7

16

20

3

14

22

2

25

9

13

24

12

5

21

4

17

19

23

15

6

8

Another variation of this game: prepare a table with 25 cells, on which numbers from 1 to 35 are written in random order, of which 10 numbers are missing. Ask your child to find and show all the numbers in a row, and write down the missing numbers (if he cannot write down the numbers, then just have him tell them to you). Record the time it took your child to complete this task.

If these exercises turned out to be difficult for your son or daughter, make a simpler table, for example, with 9 cells.

13. A bird is not a bird.

A fun game for attention and knowledge of birds.
An adult reads poems. The children's task is to listen carefully and, if a word is heard that does not mean a bird, give a signal - stomp or clap. Be sure to ask your child what is wrong. Specify:
“And who is the fly?”

The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Flies and swifts...

The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Storks, crows,
Jackdaws, pasta.,

The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
swans, martens,
Jackdaws and swifts,
Seagulls and walruses

The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Lapwings, siskins,
Jays and snakes.

The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Seagulls, pelicans,
T-shirts and eagles.
Pigeons, tits,
Herons, nightingales,
Perches and sparrows.

The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Ducks, geese, owls,
Swallows, cows

P birds flew by:
Pigeons, tits,
Sticks and swifts,
Butterflies, siskins,
Storks, cuckoos,
even Scops Owls,
swans and ducks -
and thanks for the joke!

14. A cow was flying.

There must be at least three players. Everyone sits in a circle and, turning their right hand palm down and their left hand palm up, connect their palms with the palms of their neighbors. They take turns pronouncing a word of the verse, clapping the right neighbor’s palm in time with the word:

A cow flew and said a word.
What word did the cow say?

Whoever gets the turn to answer names any word, for example, “grass.” His neighbor, along with a clap, says the first letter of this word - “t”, the next one - the second, and so on until the end of the word, until the last “a”. The task of the last player is not to gape and have time to remove his hand from under the final clap.

15. Top clap.

A game to develop attention and memory.

The presenter pronounces phrases-concepts - correct and incorrect.
If the expression is correct, the children clap, if it is not correct, they stomp.

Examples: “It always snows in summer.” "They eat potatoes raw." "The crow is a migratory bird." It is clear that the older the children, the more complex the concepts should be.

16. Game "Button".

Two people play. In front of them lie two identical sets of buttons, in each of which not a single button is repeated. Each player has a playing field - it is a square divided into cells. The player who starts the game places 3 buttons on his field, the second player must look and remember where each button is. After this, the first player covers his playing field with a piece of paper, and the second must repeat the same arrangement of buttons on his field.

The more cells and buttons used in the game, the more difficult the game becomes.
The same game can be used to develop memory, spatial perception and thinking.

17. Game "Little Beetle".

“Now we are going to play this game. You see, in front of you is a field lined up with squares. A beetle is crawling across this field. The beetle moves on command. It can move down, up, right, left. I will dictate your moves, and you will Move the beetle across the field in the desired direction. Do it mentally. You cannot draw or move your finger across the field!

Attention? Let's start. One cell up, one cell left. One cell down. One cell to the left. One cell down. Show me where the beetle stopped."

(If the child finds it difficult to complete the task mentally, then first you can let him show each movement of the beetle with his finger, or make a beetle and move it across the field. It is important that as a result the child learns to mentally navigate the cellular field).

You can come up with a variety of tasks for the beetle. When the field of 16 cells has been mastered, proceed to move along the field of 25, 36 cells, complicate the tasks with moves: 2 cells diagonally to the right and down, 3 cells to the left, etc.

18. Exercise aimed at increasing the level of attention distribution
(ability to do several things at the same time).

Read a short sentence out loud. Reading is accompanied by soft tapping of a pencil on the table. Children must memorize the text and count the number of beats.

You can conduct this exercise as a competition: whoever counts correctly wins. The winners receive, for example, a red circle. Since it is better to play several times during a lesson, winnings are counted at the end of the lesson, and the winners

somehow encouraged.

As classes progress, the number of sentences used in the text increases.

19. Exercise on distribution of attention.

The exercise is aimed at developing the child’s ability to perform two different actions at the same time.

a) The child draws circles in a notebook and at the same time counts the claps with which the adult accompanies the drawing. Task completion time - 1 min.

The number of circles and the number of strokes counted are counted. The more circles are drawn and the more correctly the claps are counted, the higher the score.

b) The task is similar to the previous one. Within 1 minute you need to simultaneously draw with both hands: with your left - circles, with your right - triangles. At the end, the number of drawn triangles and circles is counted.

(Triangles with “rounded” vertices do not count, as do circles with “corners”. The child’s task is to draw as many triangles and circles as possible.)

Parents can come up with tasks of this type themselves. This can be drawing and oral solution of simple examples; recording words and listening to a piece of a poem, etc. It is important to develop such a quality as noise immunity in a child.

20. Exercise to enhance the concentration of auditory attention.

For this, it is very convenient to conduct arithmetic dictations, but the point of the exercise is that each task consists of several actions.

For example, the teacher reports:

3rd grade- “Given two numbers: 54 and 26... To the second digit of the first number, add the second digit of the second
numbers... and divide the resulting amount by the first digit of the second number... Write!.." (answer: 5)

“Given two numbers: 56 and 92... Divide the second digit of the first number by the second digit of the second number... Multiply the resulting quotient by the first digit of the second number... Write!..” (answer: 27)

In such exercises, you can introduce a game element: a magician and a magician who can guess numbers: “Guess a number... add 5 to it, now subtract 2... subtract the number you have in mind... and multiply the resulting difference by 4 ...You did it..."

The given exercises allow you to maintain and concentrate attention, and the data obtained may indicate a slow involvement in work (if the first tasks are solved incorrectly and the subsequent ones are solved correctly) or about the rapid exhaustion of attention, the inability to maintain its concentration (if the first tasks are solved correctly and the subsequent ones are solved incorrectly) , which allows the teacher to adjust his work depending on the results obtained.

21. Exercise for concentration and stability of attention.

Students are asked to rewrite the following lines without errors:

a) AMMADAMA COAST OF ASSAMASA
GESCLALLA ESSANESSAS DETALLATA

b) ENALSSTADE ENADSLAT
ETALTARRS USOCGATA LIMMODORA
CLATIMORE

c) RETABRERTA NORASOTANNA
DEBARUGA KALLIHARRA
PHYLLITADERRA

d) GRUMMOPD

e) WATERPROOFETTA
SERAFINNETASTOLE
EMMASEDATONOV

f) GRACEMBLADOVUNT

g) GRODERASTVERATON
CHLOROPHONIMATE
DARRISWATENORRA

h) LIONOSANDER

i) MINOSEPRITAMATORENTALI TELIGRANTOLIADZE

j) MAZOVRATONILOTOTOZAKON

k) MUSERLONGRINAWUPTIMONATOLIG RAFUNITARE

m) ADSELANOGRIVANTEBYUDAROCHAN

m) BERMOTINAVUCHIGTODEBSHOZHANUJ
MSTENATUREPVADIOLYUZGLNICHEVYAN

o) OSTIMARE

22. Exercise “Follow the example” (training concentration).

The exercise includes the task of drawing fairly complex but repeating patterns.
Each of the patterns requires increased attention of the child, because... requires him to perform several sequential actions:

a) analysis of each element of the pattern;
b) correct reproduction of each element;
c) maintaining a sequence for a long time.

When performing this type of task, it is important not only how accurately the child reproduces the sample (concentration), but also how long he can work without errors. Therefore, each time try to gradually increase the time it takes to complete one pattern. To get started, 5 minutes is enough.

Once the “checkered” patterns are mastered, move on to more complex patterns on a blank sheet of paper.

To complete this kind of task, it is convenient to make forms in advance with different numbers of rows of circles, triangles or squares. Forms can be presented with a mixed set of figures. For example, a series of squares, a series of circles, a series of triangles, etc.

The task can be supplemented by asking the child to check the correctness of the pattern and correct mistakes.

23. An exercise aimed at training switching attention.

To train attention switching, exercises based on the “Red-Black Tables” test are used.

For the lesson, tables with black and red numbers are used, the order of which is constantly changing. The order of work remains unchanged:

Stage 1- look at the table and find in order all the black numbers from 1 to 12;
Stage 2- look at the table and find all the red numbers in reverse order from 12 to 1;
Stage 3- you need to alternately look for black numbers in direct order from 1 to 12, and red numbers in reverse order from 12 to 1.

After the child has satisfactory results on the number of numbers suggested above, their number can be increased first to 16 (both) and then to 24 (i.e. black - from 1 to 24, red - from 24 to 1).

The same task can be modified by replacing numbers with letters. For example, black letters need to be written in alphabetical order, and red letters in reverse order. Since this task is more difficult than the previous ones, it is advisable to use it after the children have learned to cope well with numerical options; the table itself should consist of no more than 9-16 cells (i.e. the number of black letters does not exceed 8, and the number of red - 7).

When children achieve significant success in working with the tables described above, the task can be complicated.

Children must find red and black numbers alternately on the table offered to them and write down only the letters corresponding to these numbers, and the red numbers must be found in descending order, and the black ones in ascending order. The first proposed tables should contain no more than 13 black pairs of numbers - letters and 12 red pairs of numbers - letters. The work goes like this:

Red number 12, write the letter P, then black number 1, write the letter B, then red number 11, write the letter I, black number 2, write the letter H...
If the children work successfully, the number of pairs can be increased to 24 red pairs of numbers - letters and 24 black pairs of numbers - letters.

3 - A

11 - I

4 - C

6 - G

10 - B

5 - M

8 - E

2 - N

9 - K

4 - F

12 - R

1 - B

8 - H

8 - M

7 - N

7 - F

5 B

11 - L

2 - T

10 - E

9 - A

3 - K

1 - B

6 - X

12 - I

24. Exercises to train the distribution and selectivity of attention.

Words are inserted among the alphabetic text. The child must find and underline these words.

Example (words that the child needs to underline are in italics):

b Sun itranv table ryudzhimet window ggshshschat car
I'm just saying rose euicide heat mylrkvt bag ldchev fish th

25. Exercise “Proofreading test” (developing the ability to analyze written words).

This exercise is aimed at developing the ability to analyze written words, “see” the letters in them, and as a result, develop attentiveness. It is a game that is based on a proofreading test. For it, old books with large print, suitable only for waste paper, are taken. Within 5 minutes (only 5), children are asked to cross out all the letters “a” they encounter. At the same time, it is agreed that if the guys miss more than four letters, then they lose, four or fewer misses - they win. The winners receive, for example, green chips. Since it’s better to play every day, it’s better to count winnings once a week, and the winners are rewarded with something...

The assignments are checked by the guys themselves - neighbor to neighbor. If they do not notice any omissions, although at this age children are more partial to other people’s work than to their own, then this does not matter, the main thing is that for several minutes the child will be in a state of concentration.

Then the game can be complicated.

For example, cross out in each line the letter that appears first in it:

The next step is to cross out one letter in the line and underline the other.
For example, “e” is crossed out, and the letter “m” is underlined.”

Another option: “First we underline one letter and cross out the other, then at the command: “Attention!” the work goes the other way around - we cross out the first and underline the second.”

For example, “1st part of the work: “C” - underline, “O” - cross out, at the command: “Attention!”,” a line is drawn and the 2nd part of the work begins: the letter “C” is now crossed out, and the letter “O” "We emphasize."

Attention!

26. Exercise to develop attentiveness among students at school.

A similar exercise can be carried out on educational material, offering students a grammatical analysis of several texts. In the text you need to underline one line

nouns, and adjectives - two, then on the command “Attention!” - on the contrary: nouns - two, and adjectives - one.

For example:

27. Exercise to develop self-control"Do the same"

Required equipment: a set of geometric shapes made of cardboard (triangles, circles, squares, trapezoids, etc.).
Offer to put together simple patterns or drawings according to a given pattern from the geometric shapes the child has, for example:
square of triangles;
Christmas tree made of triangles;
pattern of geometric shapes;
arrange geometric shapes in a given order.
Options for tasks in this game may be different.

28. Exercise to develop self-control "Keep your word V secret"

The game teaches the child to follow a given rule for a long time.
Explain to your child the rules of the game: you say words that the child must repeat after you, except for names, for example, animals - they cannot be repeated.
Instead, upon hearing the name of the animal, the child should silently clap his hands once.
An approximate list of words: window, chair, chamomile, bear, toffee, millet, shoulder, hamster, closet, cornflower, book, marten, house, song, gopher, etc.
Other rule options in the game:
You cannot repeat words that begin with the sound [r].
You can't repeat girls' names.
When the child begins to follow the rule without errors, move on to a game with the simultaneous use of two rules. For example:
You cannot repeat the names of the birds, you must mark them with one clap.
You cannot repeat the names of objects that have a round shape (or blue color), you must mark them with two claps.
Enter the competition element. For each mistake, award one penalty point. Record the result of the game and compare it with the result of the previous game. The child must make sure that the more he Plays, the better he gets at it.
Don't forget to change roles with your child.

29. Exercise to develop self-control "Bukvoezhka"

Tell your child a fairy tale:
The voracious Bukvoezhka is hunting for the unfortunate letter “a”. Save her. Hide all the "a's" in this sentence: "The cat saw the mouse."
And now the task is more difficult. Rewrite the story, just insert periods instead of the letter “s”.
“A red squirrel jumped from a branch. The branch was next to the roof of the house. A red cat was sleeping on the roof. The red squirrel and the red cat got scared of each other and ran in different directions.”
Note for parents: this assignment can be anything you want. For example, insert periods instead of the letters “o” or “e”, instead of soft or hissing characters. Thus, each text can be used several times.

30. Exercise to develop self-control "Fairy Apprentice" »

Required equipment: cards with syllables.
Let's turn the letter "a" into the letter "o".
Show your child cards with syllables. He shouldn't
just read them, but in all cases where it occurs
the letter “a”, change it to “o”: ka - ko, ra - ro, ma - mo
etc.
By working with this exercise, you can come up with a wide variety of tasks for your child. For example:
skip (not read) all syllables beginning with “p” or “k” or with a vowel. Instead, you need to pronounce the word “superfluous”;
change “p” in syllables to the sound “s”.

31. Exercise to develop self-control "Butterfly Letter"

Required equipment: a checkered playing field with letters in different orders, a butterfly figurine.
Tell your child: “The butterfly wrote you a letter. You can read it if you carefully watch how it flies and what flowers it lands on. There are letters on flowers, you must write them down in your notebook and then make a word out of them. Remember: a butterfly flies only to the next cell; it cannot fly far.”
Think in advance about what word you want to create and create “spatial” instructions.
Try to have the child follow the bee’s migrations only with his eyes, without moving his finger across the field.
Game example:
“The butterfly sat on the letter “u.” Write down this letter. The butterfly flew on. Watch the direction of its flight and stops. Up, up, up, stop. Write down the letter. Down, stop. Write down the letter. Right, up, stop. Write down the letter. Left, left, down, stop. Write down the letter. What word did you get?”

This game can be played many times.

32. Exercise for developing attention “My favorite fruit”

The exercise allows the facilitator to create a working mood in the group; memory is also developed and the ability to concentrate for a long time is developed.

Group members introduce themselves in a circle. Having identified themselves by name, each participant names their favorite fruit; the second - the name of the previous one and his favorite fruit, his name and his favorite fruit; the third - the names of the previous two and the names of their favorite fruits, and then your name and your favorite fruit, etc. The latter, therefore, must name the names of the favorite fruits of all group members.

33. Development exerciseconcentrations, distributions attention “I won’t get lost”

The psychologist offers the following tasks:

count out loud from 1 to 31, but the test taker should not name numbers that include three or multiples of three. Instead of these numbers, he should say: “I won’t go astray.” For example: “One, two, I won’t get lost, four, five, I won’t get lost...”

Sample correct count: 1, 2, -, 4, 5, -, 7, 8, -, 10, 11, -, -, 14, -, 16, 17, -, 19, 20, -, 22, -, -, 25, 26, -, 28, 29, -, - _the line replaces numbers that cannot be pronounced).

34. Exercise for developing visual attention “Observation”

This game reveals the connections between attention and visual memory.

Children are asked to describe in detail from memory the school yard, the path from home to school - something they have seen hundreds of times. Junior schoolchildren make such descriptions orally, and their classmates fill in the missing details.

35. Exercise to develop concentration “Fly 1”

This exercise requires a board with a nine-cell 3X3 playing field lined on it and a small suction cup (or a piece of plasticine). The sucker acts as a “trained fly”. The board is placed vertically and the presenter explains to the participants that the “fly” moves from one cell to another by giving it commands, which it obediently carries out. According to one of four possible commands (up, down, right and left), the fly moves according to the command to the adjacent cell. The starting position of the “fly” is the central cell of the playing field. Teams are given by the participants one by one. The players must, by constantly monitoring the movements of the “fly”, prevent it from leaving the playing field.

After all these explanations, the game itself begins. It is held on an imaginary field, which each participant imagines in front of him. If someone loses the thread of the game, or “sees” that the “fly” has left the field, he gives the command “Stop” and, returning the “fly” to the central square, starts the game over. "Fly" requires constant concentration from the players.

36. Exercise to develop concentration and stability of attention “Selector”

For the exercise, one of the game participants is selected - the “receiver”. The rest of the group - the "transmitters" - are busy counting out loud from different numbers and in different directions. The “receiver” holds the rod in his hand and listens silently. He must tune in to each “transmitter” in turn. If it is difficult for him to hear this or that “transmitter,” he can make him speak louder with an imperative gesture. If it's too easy for him, he may turn down the volume. After the “receiver” has worked enough, he passes the rod to his neighbor, and he himself becomes a “transmitter”. During the game, the rod makes a full circle.

37. Exercise for the development of switching attention, voluntariness in performing movements “Flies - does not fly”

Children sit down or stand in a semicircle. The presenter names the items. If an object flies, children raise their hands. If it doesn’t fly, the children’s hands are down. The presenter may deliberately make mistakes; many children’s hands will rise involuntarily, due to imitation. It is necessary to hold back in a timely manner and not raise your hands when a non-flying object is named.

38. Development exerciseconcentrationsattention "My Birthday"

The group members, as in the previous version, take turns saying their names, but each participant adds the date of their birthday to their name. The second is the name of the previous one and the date of his birthday, his name and the date of his birthday, the third is the names and birthdays of the two previous ones and his name and the date of his birthday, etc. The latter must therefore name the names and birthdays of all members of the group.

39. Exercise for developing stability of attention “Palms”

Participants sit in a circle and place their palms on the knees of their neighbors: the right palm on the left knee of the neighbor on the right, and the left palm on the right knee of the neighbor on the left. The point of the game is to raise your palms one by one, i.e. a “wave” of rising palms ran through. After preliminary training, palms raised at the wrong time or not raised at the right time are eliminated from the game.

40. Exercise to develop attention switching “Edible – inedible”

The presenter takes turns throwing a ball to the participants and at the same time names the objects (edible and inedible). If the object is edible, the ball is caught; if not, it is discarded.

41. Exercise to develop concentration and switching attention “Fly”

The exercise is carried out in exactly the same way as the previous version, only in a more complicated version: the number of flies has been increased (there are two of them). Commands to the “flies” are given separately.

42. Exercise for the development of visual attention and memory “The most attentive”

Participants must stand in a semicircle and identify the driver. The driver tries to remember the order of the players for a few seconds. Then, on command, he turns away and names the order in which his comrades stand. All players in turn must take the place of the driver. It is worth rewarding those who do not make a mistake with applause.

43. Exercise for the development of auditory attention and auditory memory “Telephone”

The verbal message is whispered around the circle until it returns to the first player.

Fairy tale "Bubble, straw and bast shoe"

Once upon a time there was a bubble, a straw and a bast shoe. They went into the forest to chop wood; They reached the river and don’t know how to cross it. Lapotya says to the bubble: “Bubble, let’s swim across on you?” “No,” says the bubble, “it’s better to let the straw drag itself from bank to bank, and we will cross it!”

The straw was pulled; the bast shoe went over it, and it broke. The bast fell into the water, and the bubble began to laugh - it laughed and laughed and burst!

44. Anagrams and puzzles.

anagrams and eliminate the extra word

1. BEROVOY, PRADOEL, GAPOYUP, CHLASKOTA;
2. LARMDAEM, MANOCHED, KLADERAS, ROSIBAK;
3. POLYDEVES, MATOKAS, NULOHDOSP, KOLIRI;
4. DATRET, BUNEKICH, DASHRAKAN, SOLESYP.

1. NOTKLOB, KABOCHBA, KRUCHA, LOVARS;
2. ELEVTIZOR, PUMOCTERA, CHELIKA, NOMIROTH;
3. KRIPPAS, NIANIPO, LARNETK, KOLOMO.

1. MAROKSHA, BOKASA, TZURIKA, NEWIS;
2. VOKMOR, CLAVES, FELTOKAR, TYULIK;
3. TERUPI, TURNAS, RAAST, LAZEM.

1. BORSUG, GENS, DEL, LOTEP;
2. AZHAR, KINKO, ZHYLI, KSANI;
3. BUSH, OLET, KASHAP, FRASH.

1. UROCKASNEG, MASHKARO, VORODEST, AROKPOD;
2. KAYOL, SHAKIR, LANSHID, LYANDAGIR;
3. VEZDAZ, SVEACH, ROTT, ZHLYAP.

1. LOKOBYA, NDARINMA, RUSHAG, SHALLOW;
2. SONLARK, VINAMAL, RIEPO, TIRABUNO;
3. MAIZ, GYUVA, KATOSAM, NESG.

1. ELOR, BONE, GLUBIO, VASO;
2. OWL, PAHACHERE, KODILKRO, SHKAGULYA;
3. LONS, GRIT, NASTE, FRIA.

1. TUFFBALL, NETNYS, STING, KEYHOCK;
2. ASKIKR, SHIKARANDA, BOMAL, SLOCHI;
3. CHUTA, ZIKAFI, MIYAHI, LOGIABIO.

1. RYS, FIRKE, METHANAS, CHAM;
2. GROPY, FETAKON, CHRUKA, TROT;
3. NALZHUR, BLASAKO, SKASISO, LETATOK.

1. REBEZA, TSELONS, OSNAS, YALOBNYA;
2. ZONEBUDKA, SIVALEK, ASLOM, DYSHLAN;
3. RELPA, RAMT, AIM, SNERIG.

1. LOST, TOOLS, FASHK, UKHAM;
2. ABYR, DUMEZA, RESLOK, FINDEL;
3. RIVER, BLUKNIK, MLYAZENIKA, CHEVRYAK.

1. GARC, SVORETSK, TRIZHS, URETSOG;
2. KASHOK, RIETER, LIKOL, SATAK;
3. DYSHLAN, KALFIA, NETAMO, CHIKVANODU;
4. DEZPO, TUSKAK, SITAK, LETOSAM.

1. RIDPO, TSYNOZHNI, KAGOLI, KITNA;
2. GRIT, VEL, UZHK, PAGERD;
3. NITSAGUSE, BOCHKABA, CHKARU, VYAKCHER;
4. BLOKOYA, RUSHAG, BASAKOL, MONLEY.

1. TRAB, RASSEST, UNCLE, PASSION;
2. SAKOC, VINYASH, ROVED, FISHER;
3. ELOP, CHMYA, BANKIT, TAROOV;
4. DIORA, ELETVIZOR, KACHASH, ELETPHONE.

1. LIGRAB, KALOD, SURAP, TAKAN;
2. CHUBRO, RUSAP, CHIMYAK, SKALKAKA;
3. DANCE, MAPANA, PKEKA, KISNO;
4. CHERKINA, LIMANA, BASAKOL, ZEMKANILYA.

1. OSINOVIKPOD, BASAKOL, BEREZOVIKPOD, CHKALISI;
2. STICKAMNAGI, LPAVAINE, RADTET, LEIVOBALL;
3. POTCOM, LAZHANBAK, DORMIOP, TSEOGUR.

1. ZHERONOEOM, MOLINAD, STIGNASHT, ZHORINOEP;
2. ZHLYAP, KRECHA, TORKRAT, KESOP;
3. KAMAY, TYROSH, FRASH, KISON.

1. ZhODD, CHENEEEP, ZHULA, TONZ;
2. VOZORAP, TSYASEM, VEZDAZ, CHON;
3. OLTE, TsELNOS, VINGNIP, EROM.

1. IVIC, RONOVA, NABAN, SHURAG;
2. GENS, TARM, ARPEL, MYA;
3. BREZA, TMESANA, FIRAZH, ELV.

1. TANAEMS, FIREK, GIRT, VOGORT;
2. HAIR, PANZESHIM. SHAKTYRMA, RILGOLA;
3. LOTOPOK, TENAS, FARASAAN, ONOK.

1. TURO, ENDY, TELOMAS, ERVECH;
2. BASAKOL, CHINAVET, LEKASED, KOKORO;
3. TSAYAZ, KLOV, GAYUPOP, RAW.

1. LASTIPLIN, SKIRAK, RANDASHIKA, NAMKA;
2.RASHCHEBUKA, DILKOROK, ZNAYNEKA, SHPAKOLYAK;
3.RUKSK, RITUKSK, ROZHENOEMO, VAXOM.

Solve the puzzle

Literature:

1. Kruglov Yu.G. Russian folk tales - M.: Education, 1983.

2. Panfilova M.A. Game therapy of communication - M.: Publishing house GNOM and D, 2000.

3. Rogov E.I. Handbook for a practical psychologist - M.: VLADOS, 1999.

4. Stolyarenko L.D. Fundamentals of Psychology - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1999.

Letter for you!

Goals: development of attention, memory, thinking; acquaintance with the summary of popular children's books.

Description. The teacher reads a letter from a fairy-tale hero without naming him. The children's task is to remember the name of the author of the letter.

Option 1

“Hello, boys and girls, my young friends! I'm sure we know each other.

I'll tell you about my life. I lived very poorly, barely making ends meet, but one day I learned a magic word with which you can get into a cave where robbers kept countless treasures. I am a modest person and took only three bags of gold, although the treasures were more than enough to decorate a hundred royal palaces.

The chieftain of the robbers decided to take revenge on me - in the eastern city there is nothing easier than finding out about someone who has recently become rich. The robbers came up with an insidious plan to get even with me, but thanks to a faithful maid, I managed to avoid a sad fate.

Say my name! (Ali Baba.)

Option 2

“Good afternoon, children!

I'll tell you about myself. I am a poor girl, from a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. My evil stepmother decided to destroy me, because she wanted to be the first beauty in the world and could not allow me to surpass her in beauty. Fortunately, my stepmother’s servant, who was assigned to kill me, turned out to be a kind man and saved my life. And then I found shelter in the house of seven dwarfs.

My new friends worked as miners in the mountains, and I was busy with housework. We were very good together, but the magic mirror that my stepmother had told her that I was still alive. And the evil woman did not calm down until she found our forest hut and treated me to a poisoned apple. As soon as I took a bite, I fell to the ground dead.

The dwarves were very sad about me. Shedding bitter tears, they put me in a glass coffin, which they left standing on a high mountain. There the handsome prince saw me. He fell in love with me and persuaded the dwarves to let him take me with him. And on the way to the palace, a miracle happened: due to the road shaking, a piece of a poisoned apple, which, fortunately, I did not have time to swallow, fell out of my throat, and I came to life. That was joy!

Do you guys recognize me? (Snow White.)

Option 3

"Hello guys! You have probably heard about me, since I am the heroine of a Russian folk tale. Should I tell you about myself?

I lived with my mother and father, I did not know grief, and after the death of my dear mother, my father married another, thought to give me a new mother, but he gave me an evil stepmother.

The stepmother had two daughters, evil, bad and picky. My stepmother loved and cherished them, but they all tormented me with work, scolded and scolded me. Only I was getting prettier and prettier every day.

One day, when the fire went out in our house, they sent me to Baba Yaga, my stepmother’s relative, for fire. I thought that I would never come back, because Baba Yaga eats and chews people, only the bones crunch. If it weren’t for the magic doll that my mother gave me before her death, and the black girl who worked around the house for Baba Yaga, I would never have returned home.

I, like Cinderella, did not meet the prince, no one awarded me gold, but still the fairy tale ended very happily for me.

So what’s my name?” (Vasilisa the Beautiful.)

Option 4

“My little friends, you, of course, know me!

I was born from a magical grain of barley. It was magical because my named mother grew from it not barley, but a beautiful tulip. When the flower bud blossomed, it turned out that I was sitting in the middle of the tulip. The kind woman took great care of me. I was born for happiness. How scared and sad I became when the old toad decided to marry me off to her nasty son! Luckily, cute little fish saved me.

Then a new disappointment awaited me - the cockchafers did not want to accept me into their society. They thought I was ugly because I didn't look like them.

When winter began, I found shelter in the hole of an old field mouse. She was kind and only wanted the best for me, and therefore thought that it would be just wonderful if I married her mole neighbor. But if I became the wife of a mole, I would be forever deprived of sunlight and warmth. Fortunately, I managed to save a cute chirping swallow from death, who, out of gratitude, took me to the blessed warm lands. There I made friends with beautiful elves and, having married the most beautiful of them, became the queen of flowers. And for my wedding, the elves gave me transparent wings. They gave me a new name - Maya.

What was my name at first?” (Thumbelina.)

Option 5

“In Stockholm, on the most ordinary street, in the most ordinary house, lives the most ordinary family named Svanteson: dad, mom, Baby, his older brother Bosse and his older sister Bethan. Why did they become the heroes of a fairy tale by a famous Swedish writer?

I will say without modesty: solely because of me. After all, I am an incomparable man in the prime of his life! And even with a propeller: look, I press a button located on my stomach, the propeller blades begin to rotate... Oops! Now you can have some fun!

Oh! Something fell here... It shattered... Calm! Only peace! It's an everyday matter. And for me personally it’s time to go home. I, you know, live on the roof. The path is not short, and you will somehow clean up and figure it out without me...

I really fell in love with the Kid, we had a lot of fun with him, you know. Therefore, the book about us turned out to be very thick and cheerful. After all, I love making jokes on people, and, mind you, I never repeat the same joke twice. Guess who is the best joker in the world? I’m also the best nanny in the world, the best fireman in the world, an inventor, a dog breeder, a magician, the best grandson in the world and a pie destroyer (by the way, Miss Bok is wrong to say that flour spoils the appetite).

Who am I? (Carlson.)

Option 6

“In some families, nannies are invited to care for children, who are also called teachers or governesses. They look after young children and help parents raise them. I am one of the most wonderful governesses in the world - the heroine of a fairy tale by an English writer.

The lives of little Londoners Jane, Michael, John and Barbara changed dramatically when a new nanny appeared in the Banks family home.

The children immediately guessed that I was extraordinary. Not only that, I was carried by the east wind! Imagine that I rode along the railing of the stairs to the second floor (adults say that you can’t slide down the railing, and this is true, but they don’t forbid anyone to climb up them, since this is completely impossible). And then - I have a magic carpet bag from which I take out all sorts of different things, although this bag seems completely empty. And the main thing is that I have a lot of amazing friends.

As you read the book about the little Bankses, you will become part of incredible adventures before I, the wonderful and mysterious nanny, flies away, caught by the west wind.

Be sure to read Pamela Travers's book About Me. Now say my name." (Mary Poppins.)

Option 7

"Hello guys! You've probably heard of me. I'm small and ugly. Only my heart is kind and brave, and if I undertake to help someone, I will definitely see it through to the end.

My master is Ivan. I served him no worse than Sivka-Burka served his master. Together with Ivan, we got the magical Firebird, whose feathers all seem to burn with fire, and brought it to the king. Then, by royal order, they found and brought the beautiful Tsar Maiden to the palace, then went in search of her ring, which lay in a chest at the bottom of the ocean. To do this, we had to go up to heaven and visit the palace of the Tsar Maiden, where Mesyats Mesyatsovich rests during the day, and the Sun itself at night, and then the miracle Yudo the fish-whale and other inhabitants of the sea waters helped us get the ring. And most importantly, thanks to me, Ivanushka escaped the cruel death to which he

sentenced the ungrateful king, and turned into such a handsome man that he could neither be told in a fairy tale nor described with a pen.

Did you guess my name?” (The Little Humpbacked Horse.)

Option 8

“The Belgian writer Maurice Maeterlinck spoke about us, brother and sister, in the play “The Blue Bird,” which adults liked so much that they turned it into a wonderful Christmas fairy tale. Why Christmas? Yes, because the action takes place around Christmas.

If you saw us, you would decide that your brother is Thumb, he looks so much like him, and you would definitely mistake your sister for Little Red Riding Hood. Our father is a woodcutter. Like all children in the world, we really love to receive gifts and eat sweets, but we rarely manage to do this, since our father is very poor. And they wrote a book about us because the most incredible fairy-tale adventures happened to us.

Our fairy neighbor's granddaughter fell ill, and this fairy asked us to go to a magical land to find the Blue Bird - only she could help the poor girl recover. We walked around the entire magical land, visited the Land of Memories and the Kingdom of the Future, but we could not find the magical Blue Bird.

We were very sad because we passionately wanted to help the sick girl. We had a bird at home. We loved her very much, but still decided to give the bird to the girl, because we thought: what if this bird could help the sick? The most amazing thing is that when we gave the girl our bird, it suddenly changed color and turned blue!

We looked for the Blue Bird in distant magical lands, but it turned out that she was nearby!

Say our names." (Tyltil and Mytil.)

Word game

Target: development of attention, thinking.

Description. The teacher invites children to decipher words made up of the letters of a given word using a code.

The word "candy"

Encrypted words:

e) S F Q W S R.

Answers: a) vaga; b) grass; c) skin; d) joke; d) jacket.

The word "platform"

Encrypted words:

Answers: a) container; b) dad; c) shovel; d) ladder; d) grater.

The letters fell apart

Target: development of attention and thinking.

Description. Children are asked to assemble words on a given topic from “scattered” letters.

Female names

RIIAN, LYAANAT, RILAAS, AGOL, TEEKANARI, NA-OKAS, ENEAL, AANN, RIMAYA, KIVROTIA.

Answer: Irina, Natalya, Larisa, Olga, Ekaterina, Oksana, Elena, Anna, Maria, Victoria.

Male names

DIVAM, NANOTH, DANREY, TOILINAA, IRYGO, IRYUY, IMAKHIL, LEVAYIR, SOBIR, GIGIROY.

Answer: Vadim, Anton, Andrey, Anatoly, Igor, Yuri, Mikhail, Valery, Boris, Grigory.

Academic disciplines

TURALIRATE, TEMAMAKATI, VEDEPRIDOROENI, ZIF-TURAKU, LOGYAINOHET, SOIRVAENI, OOZYALOGI, EOG-FIYARAG, KAFIIZ, ZUMYAK.

Answer: literature, mathematics, natural history, physical education, technology, drawing, zoology, geography, physics, music.

Animals

RESAB, TROCKER, TWO, RILKOK, VOKORA, YANIVS, FIZHAR, GOBETHEM, RABOT.

Answer: zebra, rat, bear, rabbit, cow, pig, giraffe, hippopotamus, crocodile.

Bed dress

USHPODAK, VOLONACHKA, TYNYAROPS, PODOLNIKDEYA, OLOYADE, MARSTA, PELD, VIKPERYE, FYATYUK, NIRAPE.

Answer: pillow, pillowcase, sheet, duvet cover, blanket, mattress, blanket, feather bed, mattress, feather bed.

Tools

LAIP, POLATA, OKSA, OTPOR, GRILAB, GLUP, SHELIK, BANRUOK, KALEI, OMLOKOT, LIV.

Answer: saw, shovel, scythe, axe, rake, plow, pliers, plane, watering can, hammer, pitchfork.

Sport equipment

KINSA, KIKON, IZHLY, KHAMATYSH, YACHM, SHLUKAK, LOVESDEIP, TENGALI, KAKASLAK.

Answer: sleds, skates, skis, chess, ball, stick, bicycle, dumbbells, jump rope.

Furniture

LOCKERS, NADIV, OVKRAT, BUTARET, OLST, TUSL, KAFSH, BOKACHMUT, FETUB, MOKOD.

Answer: armchair, sofa, bed, stool, table, chair, wardrobe, bedside table, sideboard, chest of drawers.

Confusion

Target: development of attention and logical thinking.

Description. The words spoken by the characters in the work are written in random order on the board. The teacher reads the text, stopping in those places where the speech of the characters should be heard. After re-reading, children substitute words that are suitable in meaning.

Words of the main characters

. “Tell me: what would you do that you should not do if the donkey were not immediately returned to you?”

. “What would I do? I would buy myself another donkey. But now tell me: would it be reasonable with my skinny wallet?”

. “If the donkey is not brought to me immediately, something terrible will happen, I will do something that I should not do.”

Text

The mullah's donkey was stolen. The angry victim runs through the bazaar and shouts at the top of his lungs: _______

The crowd of curious people is noticeably frightened by these words, and suddenly the donkey appears near the mullah, although no one saw who brought him. Nevertheless, everyone is glad that the matter ended so successfully. But then one respectable man asks the mullah: _________

Then the mullah replied: ________

(Eastern history.)

Error!

Target: development of attention, memory, thinking.

Description. Children are invited to find an error in the Russian proverb (if there is one) and correct it.

Business takes time, fun takes a minute. (Hour.)

A saying is a flower, a proverb is a seed. (Berry.)

The bird that doesn't like its nest is stupid. (Not nice.)

The day is long until the evening, when there is nothing to eat. (Do.)

One mind is good, but two is ugly. (Better.)

You can't smear the porridge with oil. (You'll ruin it.)

You can’t even pull a pike out of a pond without difficulty. (Fish.)

And St. Petersburg was not built right away. (Moscow.)

Don't say "yay" until you've jumped over. (“Gop.”)

In close quarters, but not in ambush. (Offended.)

Chickens are counted in the spring. (In autumn.)

Finished the job - rest safely. (Go for a walk.)

Measure seven times - cut seven times. (One.)

Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness. (Dark.)

The spool is small, but it will still be useful. (Dear.)

If you don't have a friend, look for him, but if you find him, take care of him. (That's right.)

Drinking tea is not burning wood. (Chop.)

It will be spring on our street. (Holiday.)

You over-salted the porridge yourself, so you can clean it up yourself. (Brewed.)

Every man to his own taste. (That's right.)

If you love to ride, you also love to carry a sled. (Carry.)

Labor feeds, but laziness does not. (Port.)

Moscow is the capital of all cities. (Mother.)

Fear has big eyes. (Great.)

It's good at a party, but bad at home. (Better.)

Don't rush with your feet, hurry with your actions. (Tongue.)

Once you lied, another time you lie too. (They won't believe it.)

The cowardly bunny gets a stump from the wolf. (That's right.)

He who undertakes everything succeeds in everything. (Nothing works.)

The pear does not fall far from the apple tree. (Apple.)

Money can't help my grief. (With tears.)

They do not look at a given horse's teeth. (That's right.)

What goes around comes around. (You will reap.)

You can't put a scarf over someone else's mouth. (That's right.)

Murka knows whose meat she ate. (Cat.)

Life is given for extreme things. (Kind.)

Out of boredom, pick up an ax. (Case.)

Pick one berry at a time and you'll get a jug. (Body.)

Two are plowing, and the rest are waving their hands. (Seven.)

If you chase three birds with one stone, you won’t catch a single one. (Two.)

Don't put off until tomorrow what you want to do today. (Can.)

Learning to read and write is always useful. (That's right.)

An old friend is better than two friends. (New two.)

The word got lost!

Target: development of attention, memory, thinking.

Description. Among the words in each line there is one that was not discussed in this tale. The children's task is to find out this word and also name the fairy tale.

Gerda, Kai, roses, sleigh, kiss, eternity, key. (“The Snow Queen”, H.-C. Andersen.)

Flour, dough, window, wolf, hare, fox, rooster, grandfather, woman. (“Kolobok.”)

King, queen, pumpkin, fairies, feast, gifts, sixteenth birthday, spindle, dream. (“Sleeping Beauty”, C. Perrault.)

Godfather Pumpkin, Professor Pear, Countess Cherry, little Cherry, King Pea, Master Grape, maid Strawberry, Prince Lemon, Signor Tomato. (“Cipollino”, D. Rodari.)

Princess, kingdom, rain, feather beds, pea, walking boots, prince. (“The Princess and the Pea”, H.-C. Andersen.)

Pies, apples, river, sister, mash, wolf, hut on chicken legs, Baba Yaga. ("Swan geese".)

Masha, forest, hut, chair, fox, spoon, bowl, bed. ("Three Bears".)

Girl, box, pie, egg, stump, bear. ("Masha and the Bear".)

Mom, grandmother, girl, hare, wolf, basket, pies, forest. (“Little Red Riding Hood”, C. Perrault.)

Alyonushka, Ivanushka, falcon, hoof print, kid, merchant, witch. (“Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka.”)

Grandfather, woman, girl, Kashchei the Immortal, fire, snow, cloud. ("Snow Maiden".)

Signor Tomato, Karabas Barabas, Tortila, Malvina, Pierrot, Artemon, Duremar. (“The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino”, A. Tolstoy.)

A tail, a balloon, bees, honey, condensed milk, a mirror, a gun. (“Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all”, A. Milne.)

Mole, swallow, ghost, elves, mouse, chafers, toad. (“Thumbelina”, H.-C. Andersen.)

Grandfather, woman, granddaughter, sleigh, fish, fox, wolf, cart, tail. (“The Fox and the Wolf.”)

Stepmother, sisters, prince, astrologer, king, fairy, watch, shoe. (“Cinderella”, Ch. Perrault.)

Orphan, cow, One-Eyed, Two-Eyed, Three-Eyed, apple tree, sorcerer. (“Khavroshechka.”)

Buns, jam, boy, ghost, housekeeper, motor, kikimora. (“Baby and Carlson”, A. Lindgren.)

Mill, magic lamp, donkey, king, princess, cat, boots, ogre. (“Puss in Boots”, Ch. Perrault.)

Barmaley, Ava, Bumba, genie, Kika, Chichi, Tanya, Vanya. (“The Adventures of Doctor Aibolit”, K.I. Chukovsky.)

Van, girl, Gingema, Bastinda, Totoshka, Goodwin, merman. (“The Wizard of the Emerald City”, A. Volkov.)

Donkey, dog, cat, rooster, elephant, musicians, robbers. (“Musicians of Bremen”, Brothers Grimm.)

Village, buckets, pike, oven, king, Nesmeyana, gnome. ("By magic".)

Trough, dugout, seine, sea, old woman, old man, granddaughter. (“The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, A. Pushkin.)

Quite often, parents are faced with the problem of insufficient attention of children, which makes it very difficult for the child to study at school, since he cannot concentrate on one lesson for a long time.

However, it is worth considering the fact that only with regular classes will it be possible to achieve the desired result and teach the child to concentrate his own attention on a particular activity. Today there are quite a large number of different exercises.

Exercise No. 1

This exercise is very effective and makes it possible to get the desired result in a fairly short period of time. This exercise is called “Favorite Fruit”.

The presenter, in this case the parents, must create the right atmosphere and mood for the upcoming lesson. Thanks to this exercise, there is an excellent opportunity to develop not only attention, but also memory, and teach the child to concentrate for a long time on one activity.

It is advisable to carry out this exercise in a group, and for this you can gather all family members or friends of the child in the living room. So, after the group for classes has been completely formed, each of the participants must name out loud some of their favorite fruits, then the second participant says the name of the first and his favorite fruit, after which he says his name, and then his favorite fruit.

The third participant will have to repeat the name of the first and his favorite fruit, the name of the second and the fruit, and then his name and favorite fruit. The rest of the participants also work according to this scheme. The last participant will have to name the names and favorite fruits of all previous participants.

Exercise No. 2

This exercise promotes concentration and will also teach the child to properly distribute his own attention so as not to be distracted during classes. Professional psychologists recommend using the following exercise - you need to count out loud from 1 to 31. However, the child must skip numbers that contain three or are multiples of three, and instead of these numbers he says out loud “I won’t get it wrong” and so on.

Exercise No. 3

This exercise is aimed directly at developing a child’s visual attention, and it can be used not only with schoolchildren, but also with younger children. The main condition is that parents must regularly study with their children, because only in this case is it possible to teach the child to concentrate correctly and during classes at school it will be much easier for children to concentrate on the lesson and not be distracted during lessons by various trifles.

The child should be asked to reproduce from his own memory the courtyard of his own house or the playground in front of the school (if the exercise is used to develop attention in school-age children), the road to school or home.

That is, the child must try to reproduce what he has seen many times, and he must clarify as many small details as possible. This activity will be very fun if carried out in a group, but at the same time the children should describe the same situations so that they can fill in the missing details - for example, the narrator missed some little thing, and a group member reminded it.

Children really like such attention exercises for schoolchildren and resemble a fun and exciting game.

Exercise #4

Thanks to regular use of this exercise, the child learns to concentrate his own attention. So, in order to carry out such an exercise, you need to take care of a special board, on which you need to draw a special playing field of nine cells in advance, before the start of classes, and each cell should be approximately 3x3 centimeters. You will also need a relatively small suction cup. If it is not possible to use such a suction cup, then you can replace it with simple plasticine; you need to take a very small piece.

Next, you need to take this board and place it strictly vertically, after which the leader of the lesson must explain to all participants that this suction cup (plasticine) will move from one square to another after receiving a command. You can give one of four commands - down, left, up, right. The suction cup moves after the received command to one of the neighboring cells.

The starting position of the suction cup (plasticine) is the central cell on the board. Commands must be given by one of the participants in the exercise; all commands are given in turn by each participant. Each player must carefully monitor how the suction cup (plasticine) moves across the board, and it is important not to allow it to go beyond the drawn playing field.

After all the rules of this educational game are clear to all participants, you can proceed directly to the game itself. You need to play on an imaginary field that each participant imagines for himself.

If one of the participants has missed the point of the game, and the suction cup goes beyond the edges of the playing floor, then he must give the command “stop”, after which the suction cup returns to the central square and the game starts over. This game requires constant attention and control of the game from all participants, thanks to which the child begins to learn to concentrate on one activity.

Exercise #5

This unique exercise contributes to the good development of concentration in the child, and also helps to develop attention and perseverance, which is often lacking in young children, because they cannot do one thing for a very long time and it is difficult for them to concentrate in school.

To do this exercise, you will need to gather a small group to practice (this could include school friends or family members). One of the participants should become the so-called “receiver”, and the remaining participants in the lesson will act as “transmitters”. It is the “transmitters” who must count out loud, starting from a variety of numbers, and they can count in any direction.

The task of the “receiver” at the moment is that he must hold a kind of rod in his hands and at first just listen. Now he must try to tune in to each of the “transmitters” in turn. In the event that one of the “transmitters” is inaudible to him, then with the help of a gesture he can simply be forced to speak a little louder.

Also, if the sound of the “transmitter” is too loud, then you can use the same wand to turn down the sound a little. After the “receiver” has worked for some time, the rod is transferred to one of the “transmitters”, so during the game the rod will have to be visited by each participant in the game.

During the game, the child will have to concentrate on each of the “transmitters” and listen first to one participant, and then to the other - he will have to hear everyone.

Exercise #6

This exercise helps to perfectly develop the ability to develop switching of attention, as well as the arbitrariness of performing movements. Just like the previous exercises, this should be done in a group. So, the group becomes a semicircle or sits on the floor, after which the leader must name the objects. If the named object can fly, then the children should raise their hands up, and if the object does not fly, then the children’s hands should be down.

It is advisable that the presenter constantly makes mistakes, so that the children will listen more carefully to the information they hear. Many children simply raise their hands without listening to the presenter, for which they should receive penalty points.

Exercise No. 7

The following exercise provides an excellent opportunity for children to concentrate on specific work and also develop memory.

You need to gather a small group of children (family members are also great), after which each participant in the game takes turns saying their name, as well as their date of birth. The second participant in the exercises says the name and date of birth of the first, and then says his own name and date of birth.

All group members work according to this scheme. This exercise is similar to a game called “My Favorite Fruit.” The main thing is that the last participant pronounces correctly not only the names, but also the dates of birth of all previous participants, strictly in the order in which they were pronounced.

Exercise #8

This exercise helps the child develop stability of attention. So, while performing this exercise, all participants should sit in a circle, and hands should be placed on the neighbor’s knees - the right hand should be on the neighbor’s left leg, and the left palm on the right knee. The basis of such an educational game is that all participants must take turns raising their palms, therefore, a kind of wave should be created from children’s hands.

First, a short training session is carried out, during which each participant must carefully monitor the flow of the game and only raise their palms during their turn. After completing the training, you can proceed directly to the game process. If during the game the palm is raised at the wrong time, it means that one participant is eliminated from the game. Children really like this educational game, but it is best to play it in a large enough company so that the children are interested in following the development of the game.

Provided that all the previous exercises are regularly performed, children will develop the habit of concentrating on one activity or another, which will make studying at school much easier.

Inability to concentrate, lack of concentration, poor memory is the main reason for the low performance of schoolchildren in the lower grades. Students with undeveloped attention have difficulty concentrating on learning and have difficulty remembering new information. How to develop attention and memory in younger schoolchildren - there are effective techniques and recommendations for this. What games and tasks will be good training for students with insufficiently developed attention?

Attention is a human quality that allows you to select the necessary information, discarding the unnecessary. This is a filter that protects the brain from information overload.

Properties of attention:

• volume – a decrease leads to the inability to focus on several objects at the same time and keep them in mind;
• selectivity - the student cannot choose and concentrate on the material that will help him solve the task; he lacks abstract thinking;
• stability and concentration - when these factors decrease, the student is constantly distracted and restless;
• ability to switch – allows the child to alternate types of activities;
• distribution – allows the student to perform several tasks at the same time.

Attention is closely related to a child's temperament. Sanguine and choleric people are restless and manage to do a lot of things in class. Phlegmatic and melancholic people are passive, seem inattentive, but at the same time they are focused and study the surrounding objects with interest.

Mindfulness is a personal quality. An absent-minded child will be interested in the subject, but will not be able to fully concentrate on it.

Features of attention development in primary school age

Hyperactivity and increased absent-mindedness are characteristics that psychologists give to many modern primary school students. The student cannot bring himself to concentrate, misses a lot of basic material, and lags behind in his studies. A primary school teacher uses special techniques to help a child adapt to school.

Special games, exercises, tasks and techniques develop the student’s attentiveness and memory, maintaining interest in learning.

Types of attention:

• involuntary – weak-willed attention, which is caused by the unusualness and novelty of the stimulus;
• voluntary – a person’s conscious desire to concentrate, achieved through an effort of will;
• post-voluntary – increased interest, desire to learn something new.

The predominant attention of younger schoolchildren is involuntary, based on the orienting reflex. Primary school students react to the new and unusual without having the skills to manage their own attention.

Teachers and parents of primary school students should not focus exercises and games on developing only volitional attention - this is a strong emotional load for the child and adult. In tasks, you need to use techniques to develop post-voluntary attention - this will help develop the ability to concentrate through willpower.

The attention span of a primary school student is 2–5 units (can simultaneously concentrate on at least two subjects), the distribution of attention is weak. In elementary school students, attention is unstable due to the age-related characteristics of inhibition processes.

You need to develop passion in younger schoolchildren every day, using various techniques. At the initial stage, the duration of classes is 15–20 minutes. For children with unstable attention and poor concentration, the duration of classes is 5–10 minutes.

It is better to build classes in a competitive form to maintain and develop leadership qualities - the task must be completed correctly and quickly. Many children say their actions out loud - this helps them remember the instructions for completing the task.

Exercises and tasks for developing mindfulness

Exercises for developing memory and attention in younger schoolchildren are built according to the principle - from simple to complex.

• Develops voluntary attention and fine motor skills by laying out patterns from small objects - counting sticks or matches. The teacher places a drawing with a simple pattern in front of the child. The child’s task is to lay out the picture according to the model.

As attention develops, the pictures become more complex. Instead of sticks, you can use a mosaic - laying out a pattern develops concentration and attention span.

• The “blue, green” exercise develops voluntary attention and students, teaching the child to switch. Place a sheet of paper with letters printed in random order in front of the student; they are given a blue and green pencil. On the command “green,” the child underlines one letter and crosses out the next. A minute later the command “blue” sounds. The child's task is to put the green pencil and take the blue one. And do the opposite - cross out the first letter, underline the next.

Recommendation for parents. You can do this exercise in a simple form at home. Place printed text in large font in front of you and your child. On command, start crossing out the letter E or A. Or underline E and circle A.

Such techniques make the child attentive, collected, improve concentration and memory.

Games for attention

Games for developing attention are effective techniques to increase and develop the ability of primary school students. Games allow you to improve all the basic properties and types of attention, memory, and teach you to work in a team.

• Mirror store - the game develops memory, develops a sense of confidence, and teaches you to obey the demands of another person. Participants take turns showing movements. The task of the other players is to repeat them exactly. The game must be stopped at the peak of students’ interest, otherwise the activity will develop into self-indulgence.
• Drawings based on numbered dots develop switching and distribution of attention. The child is interested in finding out what will happen at the end - he concentrates on connecting the dots in order. Games with pictures “find the difference”, “what are the same and how are they different” develop attention and logic. The child must show different or identical objects and justify his choice.
• The game "Don't Miss" allows you to develop attentiveness. A theme is chosen - plants, professions or birds. The teacher pronounces the words in random order. The student’s task is to stand up and sit down when he hears a word from a given topic. Whoever makes a mistake leaves the game. The duration of the exercise is 2 minutes. You can change movements - jump, clap your hands.
• The game “Favorite Fruit” develops memory and the ability to concentrate, teaches how to work in a team. Each of the participants in the game takes turns standing up, saying their name and their favorite fruit. The next child repeats the name and favorite fruit of the previous one, says his name and fruit, and so on until the end of all participants. The most difficult thing will be for the last one to name all the names and favorite fruits of the previous participants. Everyone in turn must be first and last.
• To develop attentiveness, after a walk you need to ask the child to describe the yard, what they saw on the street, which way they walked. The next day, ask what was new on the street today, what has changed.

Tasks for the development of auditory attention

Games for the development of auditory attention allow students to more easily learn new material in class and record the main points in the teacher’s story.

• The game “Listen to the command” develops voluntary and auditory attention. Children move in a circle to the sounds of a brave march. When the music stops, the teacher whispers a command. The students' task is to follow the command. The commands involve performing simple and calm movements - raise your arms, sit down, bend your left leg.
• Exercise “Telephone” – develops auditory memory and concentration. A short verbal message - an excerpt from a fairy tale or story - is told in a whisper by the teacher to the first participant. The student’s task is to whisper what he hears. The rest of the participants cover their ears.
• Game "Guess the sound." The teacher hides behind a screen with objects that make sounds familiar to children. The students' task is to identify and tell what they heard.
• At home, you can play the game “Listen to the Claps” with your child. Before starting the exercise, determine the movements for 1, 2, 3 claps. Start dancing with the child, but as soon as he hears the claps, he must take a pose in accordance with the number of claps. The next time the child claps, the adult checks whether the exercise is performed correctly.

Developing the ability to concentrate in children of primary school age is one of the main tasks of a primary school teacher. A well-developed attention span will help students navigate the curriculum more easily in middle and high school. Simple techniques, exercises and games will help the student develop all types and forms of ability. And parents need to conduct classes at home to maintain and consolidate school results.