The abbreviation MROT stands for minimum wage and is used in modern economy for many purposes. Let's consider the dynamics of the minimum wage, as well as the features of the indicator.
What is it and why is it necessary?
Minimum size wages – minimum wage, which is established at the federal level. He can pay for a certain period of time– hour, day, week, month, year.
The employer undertakes to pay his employee exactly the amount that is established, no less (more is possible). This bar can be set legally and informally.
Although this indicator is used in most countries of the world, there is no clear opinion regarding the benefits and harms of its use.
Eat multiple tasks, for the solution of which the minimum wage indicator is used:
- optimal regulation of labor wages;
- the possibility of determining the amount of benefits for temporary disability;
- settlement actions for the payment of benefits related to pregnancy and childbirth;
- compulsory social insurance.
Regulatory acts and planned innovations
Regulations on certain procedures are established in the Labor Code, Article 133. According to the current provisions of the law, the monthly payment for the work of an employee who has fully worked for a given period is cannot be lower than the minimum payment rate.
The establishment of the optimal indicator is carried out within the framework of federal legislation. If we talk about data for 2015, then this parameter was 5965 rubles, and with next year it increased by 250 rubles. In 2017, this criterion increased even more. In 2018, in January the minimum wage was 9,489 rubles, from May 1 - 11,163 rubles.
According to Part 1 of Art. 133, the minimum wage established throughout the country cannot be smaller value than the cost of living.
If an employer pays employees wages that do not exceed the minimum wage, then this may lead to administrative liability in the future.
Minimum wage in Russia
Let's look at a table that shows the dynamics of growth of the indicator over the years - from 2008 to 2018.
| Annual period for establishing the minimum wage | Minimum wage value, rubles |
|---|---|
| Since 2009, from January 1 | 4330 |
| Since 2011, from June 1 | 4611 |
| Since 2013, from January 1 | 5205 |
| Since 2014, from January 1 | 5564 |
| Since 2015, from January 1 | 5965 |
| From 2016, from January 1 | 6204 |
| Since 2016, from July 1 | 7500 |
| From 2017, from July 1 | 7800 |
| From 2018, from January 1 | 9489 |
| From 2018, from May 1 | 11 163 |
Based on the tabular data, we can conclude that in last years observed active growth rates of this indicator. The closer we get to 2017-2018, the more the minimum wage increases. Practice includes several cases, in which the recalculation of this value was observed 2 times a year, in particular in 2016, 2018, and changes twice a year occurred in 2001, 2005.
How much is the cost of living?
In Russia there is a law according to which the minimum wage must be no less than the subsistence level. In 2018, in this regard, there was the equation, and the quantities have identical meanings.
Since the beginning of 2018, the minimum wage has been 85% of the subsistence level and equaled the amount of 9,489 rubles. As of May The minimum wage is equal to the subsistence level.
Federal minimum wage
In general, on the territory of Russia it is established two indicators– for calculation of wages and for calculating penalties, penalties, benefits.
To calculate salaries
From January 2002 to the beginning of 2010, the minimum wage indicator was used for regulation of wages and determination of the dimensional values of various benefits.
Until 2002, this criterion was also used to solve other problems. For example, for precise definition the amount of benefits for temporary disability, to compensate for harm due to work, occupational diseases and other injuries. In order to solve these problems, since 2018, an indicator of RUB 11,163.
In abundance Russian regions to determine payment labor actions is also used regional minimum wage. That is, it turns out that legislators of certain regions have the right to establish their size wages.
Eat several sides, by which the optimal minimum wage indicator is determined:
- the government, which is responsible for the economy of a particular entity, can act in its role locality, region, region or region;
- associations related to employers, these can be unions of artisans, industrial workers, entrepreneurs;
- Federation of Trade Unions.
After all agreements have been negotiated, employers are invited to join the new rules.
For fines, taxes, penalties
If it is necessary to determine exactly these quantities, then previously for these purposes it was practiced to use base amount. Its size has undergone numerous changes since 2001 and remained equal to 100 rubles.
But at present, the dependence of the fine amount on the minimum payment amount is established by law, which regulates these amounts in fixed amounts. For example, fines for administrative or criminal offenses are not counted in the minimum wage indicator, but are expressed in the form specific amount.
It turns out that currently penalties and other sanctions, according to general requirements Russian legislation, are subject to calculation in fixed amounts and are not related to the minimum wage. In connection with this reason, the base amount, which was previously used in the process of calculating and calculating penalty amounts, is currently considered irrelevant.
But today the minimum wage is relevant when determining minimum wages and calculating the amounts of social benefits due.
Minimum wage in large regions
If we consider the data for 2018, then in almost all regions the level of 11,163 rubles applies. In some - higher.
85 regions of Russia have established a minimum wage.
Living wage and consumer basket
The subsistence level is the minimum income indicator, which is the required amount to ensure and maintain an average standard of living in the country. This indicator represents approximate cost of the consumer basket.
The cost of living is calculated separately for each region. It is also determined for various categories of the population - pensioners, children, able-bodied citizens.
approximate estimated list of commodity items, which characterizes the typical structure of annual consumption of one person. This value can also be calculated for the whole family.
It is advisable to use this set for settlement transactions for the minimum consumer budget (subsistence level). This is a kind of basis for comparing the calculated and real consumer levels.
If we consider the structural composition of the annual consumer basket, then for an able-bodied person it includes next year's product set:
- potatoes – 100.4 kg;
- bread products (bread and pasta in terms of cereals, flour, legumes) – 126.5 kg;
- vegetables and melons - 114.6 kg;
- fresh fruits - 60 kg;
- meat products and semi-finished products – 58.6 kg;
- fish products - 18.5 kg;
- milk and dairy products - 290 kg;
- vegetable oil, margarine and other fats - 11 kg;
- eggs – 210 pcs;
- other products (salt, tea, spices) - 4.9 kg.
In addition, it is worth taking into account non-food products, which include half the amount spent on food. In addition, it is worth taking into account utility bills and other services, which are conventionally taken as 50% of the cost of the food basket.
Responsibility for paying wages below the minimum wage
If an employer pays an employee a salary below the subsistence level, he bears some responsibility.
- Administrative- in this case we're talking about about a fine in the amount of 1000 to 5000 rubles. For legal entities these figures increase and range from 30,000 to 50,000 rubles. Possible suspension commercial work for 3 months.
- Criminal. It implies the need to pay a fine in the amount of 100,000 to 500,000 rubles. or deprivation of the right to hold leadership positions for 3 years. In some cases, the punishment involves imprisonment.
Thus, the minimum wage plays important role in the life of the country and regions. A competent approach to its calculation guarantees the people good level life.
The minimum wage for 2019 has been increased again. Let's look at how this value has changed over the years preceding 2019 and how it relates to the cost of living.
Federal minimum wage in 2019
The minimum wage (minimum wage) at the state level is approved by the relevant federal law. The minimum wage is valid throughout Russia and cannot be less than the subsistence level of able-bodied citizens for the 2nd quarter of the previous year for the purpose of calculating wages (Article 1 of the Law “On Minimum Wages” dated June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ). In other words, an employee who has actually worked the established labor agreement standard time, cannot receive less salary established minimum wage. If an employer pays a salary less than the minimum wage, he faces a fine under clause 6 of Art. 5.27 Code of Administrative Offences:
- from 10,000 to 20,000 rub. on officials;
- from 30,000 to 50,000 rub. for legal entities;
- from 1,000 to 5,000 rubles. for individual entrepreneurs operating without forming a legal entity.
If previously neither the social nor financial departments of the Russian Federation, nor parliamentarians could establish compliance of the minimum wage with the subsistence level, then in March 2018 the President of the Russian Federation signed Law No. 41-FZ dated 03/07/2018, the norms of which determined that from 05/01/2018 the minimum wage will be equal to the subsistence level of the working-age population for the 2nd quarter of last year.
Results
The minimum wage for 2019 was increased to 11,280 rubles. Since May 2018, the minimum wage has become equal to the subsistence level of the working-age population for the 2nd quarter of 2017 and amounted to 11,163 rubles. Regions also have the right to set the minimum wage, but it cannot be lower than the federal figure.
The minimum wage for 2019 has been increased again. Let's look at how this value has changed over the years preceding 2019 and how it relates to the cost of living.
Federal minimum wage in 2019
The minimum wage (minimum wage) at the state level is approved by the relevant federal law. The minimum wage is valid throughout Russia and cannot be less than the subsistence level of able-bodied citizens for the 2nd quarter of the previous year for the purpose of calculating wages (Article 1 of the Law “On Minimum Wages” dated June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ). In other words, an employee who has actually worked the standard amount of time established by the labor agreement cannot receive a salary less than the established minimum wage. If an employer pays a salary less than the minimum wage, he faces a fine under clause 6 of Art. 5.27 Code of Administrative Offences:
- from 10,000 to 20,000 rub. on officials;
- from 30,000 to 50,000 rub. for legal entities;
- from 1,000 to 5,000 rubles. for individual entrepreneurs operating without forming a legal entity.
If previously neither the social nor financial departments of the Russian Federation, nor parliamentarians could establish compliance of the minimum wage with the subsistence level, then in March 2018 the President of the Russian Federation signed Law No. 41-FZ dated 03/07/2018, the norms of which determined that from 05/01/2018 the minimum wage will be equal to the subsistence level of the working-age population for the 2nd quarter of last year.
Results
The minimum wage for 2019 was increased to 11,280 rubles. Since May 2018, the minimum wage has become equal to the subsistence level of the working-age population for the 2nd quarter of 2017 and amounted to 11,163 rubles. Regions also have the right to set the minimum wage, but it cannot be lower than the federal figure.
