Great foreign artists

Foreign artists

Lorenzetti's paintings harmoniously combined the traditions of Siena painting with its lyricism and the generality of forms and promising spatial construction characteristic of Giotto's art. Although the artist uses religious and allegorical subjects, the features of contemporary life clearly appear in his paintings. The conventional landscape, characteristic of the paintings of the masters of the 14th century, is replaced by Lorenzetti with recognizable Tuscan landscapes. He paints very realistically vineyards, fields, lakes, sea harbors surrounded by inaccessible cliffs.

Eyck Van
Country: Netherlands

The city of Maaseik is considered the homeland of the Van Eyck brothers. Little information has been preserved about his older brother Hubert. It is known that it was he who began work on the famous Ghent Altar in the Church of St. Bavo in Ghent. Probably, the compositional design of the altar belonged to him. Judging by the surviving archaic parts of the altar - "Worship of the Lamb", figures of God the Father, Mary and John the Baptist, - Hubert can be called a master of the transition period. His works had many similarities with the traditions of late Gothic (abstract and mystical interpretation of the theme, conventionality in the transfer of space, little expressed interest in the image of man).

Foreign artists

Albrecht Durer, the great German artist, the largest representative of Renaissance culture in Germany. Born in Nuremberg in the family of a goldsmith, a native of Hungary. Initially he studied with his father, then with the Nuremberg painter M. Wolgemut (1486-89). During his years of study and during his wanderings in Southern Germany (1490-94), during a trip to Venice (1494-95), he absorbed the heritage of the 15th century, but nature became his main teacher.

Bosch Hieronymus
(1450-1516)
Country: Germany

Bosch Hieronymus, the great Dutch painter. Born in Herzogenbosch. His grandfather, grandfather's brother and all five uncles were artists. In 1478, Bosch married a wealthy patrician Aleid van Merwerme, whose family belonged to the highest aristocracy. There were no children from this marriage, and it was not particularly happy. Nevertheless, he brought material prosperity to the artist, and, not yet becoming quite famous, Bosch could afford to paint the way he wanted.

Botticelli Sandro
(1445-1510)
Country: Italy

Real name - Alessandro da Mariano di Vanni di Amedeo Filipepi, great Italian painter of the Renaissance. Born in Florence into a tanner's family. Initially, he was apprenticed to a certain Botticelli, a goldsmith, from whom Alessandro Filipepi received his surname. But the desire for painting forced him in 1459-65 to study with the famous Florentine artist Fra Philippe Lippi. Early works of Botticelli ( "Adoration of the Magi", "Judith and Holofernes" and especially the Madonna - "Madonna Corsini", "Madonna with a Rose", "Madonna with Two Angels") were written under the influence of the latter.

Verrocchio Andrea
(1435-1488)
Country: Italy

Real name - Andrea di Michele di Francesco Cioni, an outstanding Italian sculptor. Born in Florence. Was famous sculptor, painter, draftsman, architect, jeweler, musician. In each genre he established himself as a master innovator, not repeating what his predecessors did.

Carpaccio Vittore
(c. 1455 / 1465 - c. 1526)
Country: Italy

Carpaccio Vittore (c. 1455 / 1465 - c. 1526) - Italian painter. Born in Venice. He studied with Gentile Bellini and was strongly influenced by Giovanni Bellini and partly by Giorgione. Watching events closely modern life, this artist knew how to imbue his religious compositions with a lively narrative and many genre details. In fact, he created an encyclopedia of the life and customs of Venice in the 15th century. They say about Carpaccio that this master is “still at home in Venice.” And even the very idea of ​​Venice is inseparably linked with the memory of the greenish paintings of the brilliant draftsman and colorist, as if visible through sea water.

Leonardo da Vinci
(1452 - 1519)
Country: Italy

One of the greatest Italian Renaissance artists, Leonardo da Vinci was also an outstanding scientist, thinker and engineer. All his life he observed and studied nature - the heavenly bodies and the laws of their movement, mountains and the secrets of their origin, water and winds, the light of the sun and the life of plants. Leonardo also considered man as part of nature, whose body is subject to physical laws and at the same time serves as a “mirror of the soul.” He showed his inquisitive, active, restless love for nature in everything. It was she who helped him discover the laws of nature, to put its forces at the service of man, it was she who made Leonardo the greatest artist, who with equal attention captured a blossoming flower, an expressive gesture of a person and a foggy haze covering distant mountains.

Michelangelo Buonarroti
(1475 - 1564)
Country: Italy

“No man has yet been born who, like me, would be so inclined to love people,” the great Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet Michelangelo wrote about himself. He created brilliant, titanic works and dreamed of creating even more significant ones. Once, when the artist was at the marble mining in Carrara, he decided to carve a statue from an entire mountain.

Rafael Santi
(1483 - 1520)
Country: Italy

Raphael Santi, the great Italian High Renaissance painter and architect. Born in Urbino in the family of G. Santi, the court artist and poet of the Duke of Urbino. He received his first painting lessons from his father. When he died, Raphael moved to T. Viti's studio. In 1500 he moved to Perugio and entered Perugino's workshop, first as an apprentice and then as an assistant. Here he learned the best features of the style of the Umbrian school of Painting: the desire for an expressive interpretation of the subject and the nobility of forms. Soon he brought his skill to the point where it became impossible to distinguish a copy from the original.

Titian Vecellio
(1488- 1576)
Country: Italy

Born in Pieve di Cadoro, a small town on the border of the Venetian possessions in the Alps. He came from the Vecelli family, very influential in the town. During the war between Venice and Emperor Maximilian, the artist’s father rendered great services to the Republic of St. Mark.

Foreign artists

Rubens Peter Paul, the great Flemish painter. “The King of Painters and the Painter of Kings” was called by the contemporaries of the Fleming Rubens. In one of the most beautiful corners of Antwerp, there is still “Rubens-Hughes” - the artist’s house, built according to his own design, and workshop. About three thousand paintings and many wonderful drawings came from here.

Goyen Jan van
(1596-1656)
Country: Holland

Goyen Jan van is a Dutch painter. His passion for painting manifested itself very early. At the age of ten, Goyen began to study drawing with the Leiden artists I. Swanenburg and K. Schilperort. The father wanted his son to become a glass painter, but Goyen himself dreamed of being a landscape painter, and he was assigned to study with the mediocre landscape artist Willem Gerrits in the city of Goorn.

Seghers Hercules
(1589/1590 - ca. 1638)
Country: Holland

Segers Hercules - Dutch artist-landscape painter, graphic artist. He studied in Amsterdam with G. van Koninksloo. From 1612 to 1629 he lived in Amsterdam, where he was accepted into the guild of artists. Visited Flanders (c. 1629-1630). From 1631 he lived and worked in Utrecht, and from 1633 - in The Hague.

Frans Hals
(c. 1580-1666)
Country: Holland

Decisive role in addition national art The early stage of development of the Dutch art school was influenced by the work of Frans Hals, its first great master. He was almost exclusively a portrait painter, but his art meant a lot not only to portrait painting Holland, but also for the formation of other genres. In Hals’s work, three types of portrait compositions can be distinguished: a group portrait, a commissioned individual portrait, and a special type of portrait images, similar in nature genre painting, cultivated by him mainly in the 20s - early 30s.

Velazquez Diego de Silva
(1559-1660)
Country: Spain

Born in Seville, one of the largest artistic centers in Spain late XVI– beginning of the 17th century. The artist's father came from a Portuguese family that moved to Andalusia. He wanted his son to become a lawyer or a writer, but did not stop Velazquez from painting. His first teacher was Fr. Herrera Sr., and then F. Pacheco. Pacheco's daughter became Velazquez's wife. In Pacheco's workshop, Velazquez was busy painting heads from life. At the age of seventeen, Velazquez received the title of master. The career of the young painter was successful.

Country: Spain

El Greco
(1541-1614)
Country: Spain

El Greco, real name - Domenico Theotokopouli, great Spanish painter. Born into a poor but enlightened family in Candia on Crete. Crete at that time was the possession of Venice. He studied, in all likelihood, with local icon painters who still preserved the traditions of medieval Byzantine art. Around 1566 he moved to Venice, where he entered Titian's workshop.

Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi
(1573-1610)
Country: Italy

Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi, an outstanding Italian painter. The emergence and flourishing of the realistic movement in Italian painting of the late 16th and early 17th centuries is associated with the name of Caravaggio. The creativity of this remarkable master played a huge role in artistic life not only Italy, but also other European countries. The art of Caravaggio attracts us greatly artistic expression, deep truthfulness and humanism.

Carracci
Country: Italy

Carracci, a family of Italian painters from Bologna in the early 17th century, the founders of academicism in European painting. At the turn of the 16th - 17th centuries in Italy, as a reaction to mannerism, an academic movement in painting took shape. Its basic principles were laid down by the Carracci brothers - Lodovico (1555-1619), Agostino (1557-1602) and Annibale (1560-1609).

Bruegel Pieter the Elder
(between 1525 and 1530-1569)
Country: Netherlands

Anyone who has read Charles de Coster’s wonderful novel “The Legend of Till Eulenspiegel” knows that the entire people took part in the Dutch revolution, in the struggle against the Spaniards for their independence, a cruel and merciless struggle. Just like Ulenspiegel, the largest Dutch artist, draftsman and engraver, one of the founders of realistic Dutch and Flemish art, Pieter Bruegel the Elder.

Van Dyck Anthonys
(1599- 1641)
Country: Netherlands

Van Dyck Antonis, an outstanding Flemish painter. Born in Antwerp into the family of a wealthy businessman. Initially he studied with the Antwerp painter Hendrik van Balen. In 1618 he entered Rubens' workshop. I started my work by copying his paintings. And soon he became Rubens’s main assistant in carrying out large orders. Received the title of master of the Guild of St. Luke in Antwerp (1618).

Poussin Nicolas
(1594-1665)
Country: France

Poussin Nicolas (1594-1665), eminent French painter, leading representative of classicism. Born in the village of Andely in Normandy in the family of a small landowner. Initially he studied in his homeland with the little-known, but quite talented and competent wandering artist K. Varen. In 1612, Poussin went to Paris, and there J. Aallemant became his teacher. In Paris he became friends with the Italian poet Marine.

XVII (17th century)

Foreign artists

Cape Albert Gerrits is a Dutch painter and etcher.

He studied with his father, the artist J. Cuyp. His artistic style was formed under the influence of the paintings of J. van Goyen and S. van Ruisdael. Worked in Dordrecht. Cuyp's early works, close to the paintings of J. van Goyen, are monochrome. He paints hilly landscapes, country roads running into the distance, poor peasant huts. The paintings are most often made in a single yellowish tonality.

Ruisdael Jacob van
(1628/1629-1682)
Country: Holland

Ruisdael Jacob van (1628/1629-1682) - Dutch landscape painter, draftsman, etcher. He probably studied with his uncle, the artist Salomon van Ruisdael. Visited Germany (1640-1650s). He lived and worked in Haarlem, and in 1648 he became a member of the guild of painters. From 1656 he lived in Amsterdam, in 1676 he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Treasury and was included in the list of Amsterdam doctors.

Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn
(1606-1669)
Country: Holland

Born in Leiden into a miller's family. The father's affairs went well during this period, and he was able to give his son a better education than other children. Rembrandt entered the Latin School. I studied poorly and wanted to take up painting. Nevertheless, he finished school and entered Leiden University. A year later I started taking painting lessons. His first teacher was J. van Swanenburg. After staying in his workshop for more than three years, Rembrandt went to Amsterdam to visit the historical painter P. Lastman. He had a strong influence on Rembrandt and taught him the art of engraving. Six months later (1623) Rembrandt returned to Leiden and opened his own workshop.

Terborch Gerard
(1617-1681)
Country: Holland

Terborch Gerard (1617-1681), famous Dutch painter. Born in Zwolle into a wealthy burgher family. His father, brother and sister were artists. Terborch's first teachers were his father and Hendrik Averkamp. His father forced him to copy a lot. He created his first work at the age of nine. At the age of fifteen, Terborch went to Amsterdam, then to Haarlem, where he came under the strong influence of Fr. Khalsa. Already at this time he was famous as a master everyday genre, most willingly painted scenes from the life of military men - the so-called “guardhouses”.

Canalletto (Canale) Giovanni Antonio
(1697-1768)
Country: Italy

Canaletto's first teacher was his father, theater decorator B. Canale, whom he helped design performances in the theaters of Venice. He worked in Rome (1717-1720, early 1740s), Venice (from 1723), London (1746-1750, 1751-1756), where he performed works that formed the basis of his work. He painted ve-dutas - city landscapes, depicted streets, buildings, canals gliding along sea ​​waves boats.

Magnasco Alessandro
(1667-1749)
Country: Italy

Magnasco Alessandro (1667-1749) - Italian painter, genre painter and landscape painter. He studied with his father, the artist S. Magnasco, then with the Milanese painter F. Abbiati. His style was formed under the influence of the masters of the Genoese school of painting, S. Rosa and J. Callot. Lived and worked in Milan, Florence, Genoa.

Watteau Antoine
(1684-1721)
Country: France

Watteau Antoine, an outstanding French painter, with whose work one of the significant stages of development is associated household painting in France. Watteau's fate is unusual. During the years when he wrote his best works, neither in France nor in neighboring countries was there a single artist who could compete with him. The titans of the 17th century did not live to see Watteau's era; those who followed him in glorifying the 18th century became known to the world only after his death. In fact, Fragonard, Quentin de La Tour, Perronneau, Chardin, David in France, Tiepolo and Longhi in Italy, Hogarth, Reynolds, Gainsborough in England, Goya in Spain - all this is the middle, or even late XVIII century.

Lorraine Claude
(1600-1682)
Country: France

Lorrain Claude (1600-1682) - French painter. At an early age he worked in Rome as a servant for A. Tassi, then became his student. The artist began receiving large orders in the 1630s; his clients were Pope Urban VIII and Cardinal Bentivoglio. From that time on, Lorrain became popular in Roman and French circles of art connoisseurs.

XVIII (18th century)

Foreign artists

Gainsborough Thomas, an outstanding English painter, creator of the national type of portrait. Born in Sudbury, Suffolk, into the family of a cloth merchant. The picturesque surroundings of the town, located on the River Stour, attracted Gainsborough from childhood, who endlessly depicted them in his childhood sketches. The boy's passion for drawing was so great that his father, without hesitation for long, sent his thirteen-year-old son to study in London, which at that time had already become the center of artistic life.

Turner Joseph Mallord William
(1775-1851)
Country: England

Turner Joseph Mallord William was an English landscape artist, painter, draftsman and engraver. He took painting lessons from T. Moulton (c. 1789), in 1789-1793. studied at the Royal Academy in London. In 1802 Turner became an academician, and in 1809 he became a professor in academic classes. The artist traveled extensively throughout England and Wales, visited France and Switzerland (1802), Holland, Belgium and Germany (1817), Italy (1819, 1828). His artistic style formed under the influence of C. Lorrain, R. Wilson and Dutch marine painters.

Johannes Vermeer of Delft
(1632-1675)
Country: Holland

Jan Vermeer of Delft is a great Dutch artist. Almost no information about the artist has survived. Born in Delft into the family of a burgher who owned a hotel. He also produced silk and sold paintings. Perhaps that is why the boy became interested in painting early. Master Karel Fabritius became his mentor. Vermeer soon married Katherine Bolney, the daughter of a wealthy burgher, and already in 1653 he was accepted into the Guild of St. Luke.

Goya y Lucientes Francisco Josse
(1746-1828)
Country: Spain

One day little Francisco, the son of a poor altar gilder from a village near spanish city Zaragoza, painted a pig on the wall of his house. A stranger passing by saw genuine talent in children's drawing and advised the boy to study. This legend about Goya is similar to those told about other Renaissance masters when the true facts of their biography are unknown.

Guardi Francesco Lazzaro
(1712-1793)
Country: Italy

Guardi Francesco Lazzaro is an Italian painter and draftsman, a representative of the Venetian school of painting. Studied with his older brother, an artist Giovanni Antonio, in whose workshop he worked together with his younger brother Niccolo. He painted landscapes, paintings of religious and mythological themes, and historical compositions. He worked on the creation of decorative decorations for the interiors of the Manin and Fenice theaters in Venice (1780-1790).

Vernet Claude Joseph
(1714-1789)
Country: France

Vernet Claude Joseph - French artist. He studied first with his father A. Vernet, then with L. R. Viali in Aix and with B. Fergioni, from 1731 in Avignon with F. Sovan, and later in Italy with Manglars, Pannini and Locatelli. In 1734-1753 worked in Rome. During the Roman period, he devoted a lot of time to working from life in Tivoli, Naples, and on the banks of the Tiber. Painted landscapes and marine species(“The seashore near Anzio”, 1743; “View of the bridge and the castle of St. Angel”, “Ponte Rotto in Rome”, 1745 - both in the Louvre, Paris; “Waterfall at Tivoli”, 1747; “Morning in Castellamare”, 1747 , Hermitage, St. Petersburg; “Villa Pamphilj”, 1749, Pushkin Museum, Moscow; “Italian Harbor”, “Sea Shore with Rocks”, 1751; “Rocks at the Seashore”, 1753 - all in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg). These works amaze with their virtuosity in conveying the light-air environment and lighting, authenticity and subtle observation.

Vernet Horace
(1789-1863)
Country: France

Vernet Horace is a French painter and graphic artist. He studied with his father, Karl Vernet. Writing during the heyday of the art of romanticism, the artist uses in his works the means inherent in the romantics. He is interested in man at the mercy of natural elements, in extreme situations. Vernet depicts warriors fiercely fighting in battles, hurricanes and shipwrecks (“Battle at Sea”, 1825, Hermitage, St. Petersburg).

Delacroix Eugene
(1798 - 186)
Country: France

Born in Charenton in the family of a prefect. Received an excellent education. He studied painting first at the School of Fine Arts in Paris, then in the workshop of P. Guerin (1816-22), whose cold skill had less influence on him than the passionate art of the romantic T. Géricault, with whom he became close at the School. A decisive role in the formation of Delacroix’s painting style was played by copying the works of old masters, especially Rubens, Veronese and D. Velazquez. In 1822 he made his debut at Talon with a painting "Dante's Rook"(“Dante and Virgil”) based on the plot from the first song of “Hell” (“The Divine Comedy”).

Gericault Theodore
(1791-1824)
Country: France

Born in Rouen into a wealthy family. He studied in Paris at the Imperial Lyceum (1806-1808). His teachers were K.J. Berne and P.N. Guerin. But they had no influence on the formation of it artistic style- in the painting of Gericault, the tendencies of the art of A. J. Gros and J. L. David can be traced. The artist visited the Louvre, where he made copies of the works of old masters; he was especially admired by the paintings of Rubens.

Artvedia Art Gallery - biography of contemporary artists. Buy and sell contemporary paintings by artists from various countries.

Hiroshige Ando
(1797-1858)
Country: Japan

Born in Edo (now Tokyo) in the family of a minor samurai, Ando Genemon. His father held the position of foreman of city firefighters, and the family’s life was quite prosperous. Thanks to early training, he quickly learned to understand the properties of paper, brushes and ink. The general level of education at that time was quite high. Theaters, prints, and ikeba-fas were part of everyday life.

Hokusai Katsushika
(1760-1849)
Country: Japan

Hokusai Katsushika is a Japanese painter and draftsman, master of color woodcuts, writer and poet. He studied with the engraver Nakayama Tetsuson. He was influenced by the artist Shunsho, in whose workshop he worked. He painted landscapes in which the life of nature and its beauty are closely connected with the life and activities of man. In search of new experiences, Hokusai traveled a lot around the country, making sketches of everything he saw. The artist sought to reflect in his work the problem of the relationship between man and the nature around him. His art is permeated with the pathos of the beauty of the world and the awareness of the spiritual beginning that man brings to everything with which he comes into contact.

Foreign artists

Bonington Richard Parkes is an English painter and graphic artist. From 1817 he lived in France. He studied painting in Calais with L. Francia, and from 1820 he attended the School of Fine Arts in Paris, where his teacher was A. J. Gros. In 1822 he began exhibiting his paintings in the Paris Salons, and from 1827 he took part in exhibitions of the Society of Artists of Great Britain and the Royal Academy of Arts in London.

Ensor James
(1860-1949)
Country: Belgium

Ensor James (1860-1949) - Belgian painter and graphic artist. The artist was born and raised in the port city of Ostend, where he spent almost his entire life. The image of this seaside town with narrow streets inhabited by fishermen and sailors, with annual Maslenitsa carnivals and the unique atmosphere of the sea often appears in many of his paintings.

Van Gogh Vincent
(1853- 1890)
Country: Holland

Van Gogh Vincent, the great Dutch painter, representative of post-impressionism. Born in the Brabant Village of Groot Zundert in the family of a pastor. From the age of sixteen he worked at a company selling paintings, and then as an assistant teacher at a private school in England. In 1878 he got a job as a preacher in a mining district in southern Belgium.

Anker Mikael
(1849-1927)
Country: Denmark

Anker Mikael is a Danish artist. He studied at the Academy of Arts in Copenhagen (1871-1875), as well as in the workshop of the Danish artist P. Kreyer. Later in Paris he studied in the workshop of Puvis de Chavannes, but this period was not reflected in his work. Together with his wife Anna he worked in Skagen, in small fishing villages. In his works, the sea is inextricably linked with the images of Jutland fishermen. The artist depicts people in moments of their difficult and dangerous work.

Modigliani Amedeo
(1884-1920)
Country: Italy

How subtly, elegantly she told about Amedeo Modigliani Anna Akhmatova! Of course, she was a poet! Amedeo was lucky: they met in 1911, in Paris, fell in love, and these feelings became the property of the art world, expressed in his drawings and her poems.

Eakins Thomas
(1844-1916)
Country: USA

He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) and at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1866-1869). The formation of his artistic style was greatly influenced by the work of the old Spanish masters, which he studied in Madrid. Since 1870, the painter lived in his homeland, in Philadelphia, where he was engaged in teaching activities. Already in the first independent work Eakins showed himself to be a realist (“Max Schmit in a Boat,” 1871, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; “On a Sailboat,” 1874; “Sailing Boats on the Delaware,” 1874).

Kent Rockwell
(1882-1971)
Country: USA

Kent Rockwell is an American landscape painter, draftsman, graphic artist, and writer. He studied with a representative of the plein air school of artist William Merritt Chace in Shinnecock on Long Island, then with Robert Henry at the School of Art in New York, where he also attended classes with Kenneth Miller.

Homer Winslow
(1836-1910)
Country: USA

Homer Winslow is an American painter and draftsman. He did not receive a systematic education, having only mastered the craft of lithographer in his youth. In 1859-1861 attended evening drawing school at the National Academy of Arts in New York. From 1857 he made drawings for magazines; during the Civil War (1861-1865) he collaborated in the illustrated weekly publication Harpers Weekly, for which he made realistic drawings with battle scenes, characterized by expressive and strict forms. In 1865 he became a member of the National Academy of Arts.

Bonnard Pierre
(1867-1947)
Country: France

Bonnard Pierre - French painter, draftsman, lithographer. Born in the vicinity of Paris. In his youth he studied law, while simultaneously studying drawing and painting at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and the Académie Julian. He was interested in Japanese prints. Together with the artists E. Vuillard, M. Denis, P. Sérusier, they formed the core of a group that called itself “Nabi” - from the Hebrew word for “prophet”. The members of the group were supporters of a symbolism that was less complex and literary than the symbolism of Gauguin and his followers.

Marriage Georges
(1882-1963)
Country: France

Braque Georges - French painter, engraver, sculptor. In 1897-1899 studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Le Havre, then at the Amber Academy and at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1902-1903). His early work was marked by the influence of the Fauves, especially A. Derain and A. Matisse. It was during this period that the artist most often turned to landscape genre: writes harbors, sea bays with boats, coastal buildings.

Gauguin Paul
(1848-1903)
Country: France

Gauguin Paul (1848-1903), outstanding French artist. Representative of impressionism. Born in Paris. His father was an employee of the moderate-republican newspaper Nacional. A change in political course forced him to leave his homeland in 1849. On a ship heading to South America, he died suddenly. Gauguin spent the first four years of his life in Lima (Peru) with his mother's relatives. At the age of 17-23 he served as a sailor, fireman, helmsman in the merchant and navy, sailed to Rio de Janeiro and other distant cities.

Degas Edgar
(1834-1917)
Country: France

Edgar Degas was a contradictory and strange person at first glance. Born into a banker's family in Paris. Scion of an aristocratic family (his real name was de Ha), he refused the noble prefix from a young age. He showed interest in drawing as a child. Received a good education. In 1853 he passed the exams for a bachelor's degree and began to study law. But already at that time he studied with the painter Barrias, then with Louis Lamothe. Like Edouard Manet, he was groomed for a brilliant career, but he dropped out of law school for the École des Beaux-Arts.

Derain Andre
(1880-1954)
Country: France

Derain Andre - French painter, book illustrator, engraver, sculptor, one of the founders of Fauvism. He began painting in Shatou in 1895, his teacher was a local artist. In 1898-1900 studied in Paris at the Career Academy, where he met A. Matisse, J. Puy and A. Marquet. Very soon Derain left the academy and began studying on his own.

Daubigny Charles Francois
(1817-1878)
Country: France

Daubigny Charles Francois - French landscape painter, graphic artist, representative of the Barbizon school. He studied with his father, the artist E. F. Daubigny, then with P. Delaroche. Was influenced by Rembrandt. Copied paintings in the Louvre Dutch masters, he was especially attracted to the works of J. Ruisdael and Hobbema. In 1835-1836 Daubigny visited Italy, and in 1866 he went to Holland, Great Britain and Spain. But these trips were practically not reflected in the artist’s work; almost all of his works are devoted to French landscapes.

Dufy Raoul
(1877-1953)
Country: France

Dufy Raoul - French painter and graphic artist. He studied in Le Havre, in evening classes at the Municipal Art School, where Luyer taught (1892-1897). Here Dufy met O. J. Braque and O. Fries. During this period, he painted portraits of his family members, as well as landscapes similar to the paintings of E. Boudin.

Isabey Louis Gabriel Jean
(1803-1886)
Country: France

Isabey Louis Gabriel Jean (1803-1886) - French painter of the romantic movement, watercolorist, lithographer. He studied with his father, the miniaturist J.-B. Izabe. Was influenced by the painting of English marine painters and small Dutch XVII V. Worked in Paris. In search of new impressions, Isabey visited Normandy, Auvergne, Brittany, Southern France, Holland, England, and as an artist accompanied an expedition to Algeria.

Courbet Gustave
(1819-1877)
Country: France

Gustave Courbet is an outstanding French painter, a wonderful master of realistic portraiture. “...never belonged to any school, to any church... to any regime, other than the regime of freedom.”

Manet Edouard
(1832-1883)
Country: France

Edouard MANET (1832-1883), an outstanding French artist who rethought the traditions of narrative realistic painting. “Brevity in art is both necessity and elegance. A person who expresses himself concisely makes one think; a verbose person is boring.”

Marche Albert
(1875-1947)
Country: France

Marche Albert (1875-1947) - French painter and graphic artist. In 1890-1895 studied in Paris at the School of Decorative Arts, and from 1895 to 1898 - at the School of Fine Arts in the workshop of G. Moreau. He painted portraits, interiors, still lifes, landscapes, including views of the sea, images of harbors and ports. In the landscapes created by the artist from the late 1890s to the early 1900s. the strong influence of the Impressionists is noticeable, in particular A. Sisley (“Trees at Billancourt”, ca. 1898, Museum of Art, Bordeaux).

Monet Claude
(1840-1926)
Country: France

Claude Monet, French painter, founder of impressionism. “What I write is a moment.” Born in Paris in the family of a grocer. He spent his childhood in Le Havre. In Le Havre he began making caricatures, selling them in a stationery shop. E. Boudin drew attention to them and gave Monet his first lessons in plein air painting. In 1859, Monet entered the Paris School of Fine Arts, and then the Gleyer atelier. After a two-year stay in Algeria for military service (1860-61), he returned to Le Havre and met Ionkind. Ionkind's landscapes, full of light and air, made a deep impression on him.

Pierre Auguste Renoir
(1841-1919)
Country: France

Pierre Auguste Renoir was born into the family of a poor tailor with many children and from the very beginning early childhood I learned to “live happily” even when there was no piece of bread in the house. At the age of thirteen, he already mastered the craft - he painted cups and saucers at a porcelain factory. He was wearing his work blouse, stained with paint, when he arrived at the School of Fine Arts. In Gleyre's atelier, he picked up empty paint tubes thrown by other students. Squeezing them to the last drop, he hummed something carefree and cheerful under his breath.

Redon Odilon
(1840-1916)
Country: France

Redon Odilon is a French painter, draftsman and decorator. He studied architecture in Paris, but did not complete the course. For some time he attended the School of Sculpture in Bordeaux, then studied in Paris in the studio of Jerome. As a painter, he was formed under the influence of the art of Leonardo da Vinci, J. F. Corot, E. Delacroix and F. Goya. Big role his life was played by the botanist Armand Clavo. Having a rich library, he introduced young artist with the works of Baudelaire, Flaubert, Edgar Allan Poe, as well as Indian poetry and German philosophy. Together with Clavo, Redon studied the world of plants and microorganisms, which was later reflected in his engravings.

Cezanne Paul
(1839-1906)
Country: France

Until now, one of the participants in the first exhibition on the Boulevard des Capucines, the most silent of the visitors to the Guerbois cafe, remained in the shadows - Paul Cézanne. It's time to get closer to his paintings. Let's start with self-portraits. Let's take a closer look at the face of this high-cheeked, bearded man, who looks either like a peasant (when he is wearing a cap) or like a scribe-sage (when his steep, powerful forehead is visible). Cézanne was both at the same time, combining the persistent work ethic of a peasant with the searching mind of a scientific researcher.

Toulouse Lautrec Henri Marie Raymond de
(1864-1901)
Country: France

Toulouse Lautrec Henri Marie Raymond de, an outstanding French artist. Born in Albi in the south of France into a family that belonged to the largest aristocratic family, which once led the Crusades. Since childhood, he showed talent as an artist. However, he took up painting after a fall from a horse (at the age of fourteen), as a result of which he became disabled. Soon after his father introduced him to Princeto, Henri began to regularly come to the workshop on the rue Faubourg Saint-Honoré. For hours he could watch the artist draw or write.

Foreign artists

Dali Salvador, great spanish artist, the largest representative of surrealism. Born in Figueres (Catalonia) in the family of a famous lawyer. At the age of sixteen, Dali was sent to a Catholic college in Figueres. The development of his personality was greatly influenced by the Pichot family. All family members owned musical instruments and organized concerts. Ramon Pichot is a painter who worked in Paris and knew P. Picasso closely. In the Pichots' house, Dali was engaged in drawing. In 1918, his first exhibition took place in Fegeras, which was favorably noted by critics.

Kalnins Eduardas
(1904-1988)
Country: Latvia

Kalnins Eduardas is a Latvian marine painter. Born in Riga into the family of a simple artisan, he began to draw early. Kalnins' first teacher was the artist Evgeniy Moshkevich, who opened a studio for aspiring painters in Tomsk, where the boy's family moved at the beginning of the First World War. After 1920, Kalnins returned to Riga with his parents and in 1922 entered the Latvian Academy of Arts. His teacher was Vilhelme Purvitis, a student of A.I. Kuindzhi.

The French art school at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries can be called the leading European school; it was in France at that time that such art styles as Rococo, Romanticism, Classicism, Realism, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism originated.

François Boucher, Antoine Watteau, and Jean Honoré Fragonard worked in the Rococo style.

Jean Baptiste Greuze, Nicolas Poussin, Jean Baptiste Chardin, Jean Dominique Ingres, and Jacques-Louis David worked in the style of classicism.

Francisco de Goya, Eugene Delacroix, Theodore Gericault, and William Blake worked in the style of romanticism.

The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet, who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in Paris in 1855, although even before him, artists of the Barbizon school Theodore Rousseau, Jean-François Millet, and Jules Breton worked in a realistic manner . In the 1870s. realism was divided into two main directions - naturalism and impressionism.

Realistic painting has become widespread throughout the world. The Itinerants worked in the style of realism with a strong social orientation in Russia in the 19th century.

Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir, Georges Seurat, Alfred Sisley and others worked in the style of impressionism.

Post-Impressionism gave rise to such art movements as expressionism, symbolism and modernism.

Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne, and Toulouse-Lautrec worked in the post-impressionist style.

Let's take a closer look at impressionism and post-impressionism using the example of the work of individual masters of France in the 19th century.

Starting with historical paintings and portraits that were strict in composition, in the 1870s Degas became close to representatives of impressionism and turned to depicting modern city life - streets, cafes, theatrical performances.

In Degas's paintings, a dynamic, often asymmetrical composition, precise flexible drawing, unexpected angles, and active interaction between figure and space are carefully thought out and verified.

The favorite pastel technique allowed Edgar Degas to fully demonstrate his talent as a draftsman. Rich tones and “shimmering” strokes of pastel helped the artist create that special colorful atmosphere, that iridescent airiness that so distinguishes all his works.

Edgar Degas can be called a subtle colorist; his pastels are surprisingly harmonious, sometimes gentle and light, sometimes built on sharp color contrasts. Degas's style was remarkable for its amazing freedom; he applied pastels with bold, broken strokes, sometimes leaving the tone of the paper showing through the pastel or adding strokes in oil or watercolor. Color in Degas's paintings arises from an iridescent radiance, from a flowing stream of rainbow lines that give birth to form.

Degas's late works are distinguished by the intensity and richness of color, which are complemented by the effects of artificial lighting, enlarged, almost flat forms, and cramped space, giving them an intensely dramatic character. In that

It should be noted that the use of green, yellow, ocher, pink and red tones to depict skin shocked the public of that time, unprepared to perceive the fact that shadows should be colored, filled with light.

In the 1880s, the so-called “Ingres period” began in Renoir’s work. Most famous work of this period - "Great Bathers". To build a composition, Renoir began to use sketches and sketches for the first time, the lines of the drawing became clear and defined, the colors lost their former brightness and saturation, the painting as a whole began to look more restrained and colder.

In the early 1890s, new changes took place in Renoir's art. In a painterly manner, an iridescence of color appears, which is why this period is sometimes called “pearl”, then this period gives way to “red”, so named because of the preference for shades of reddish and pink colors.

In the painting “Yellow Christ,” Gauguin depicted the crucifixion against the background of a typical French rural landscape, the suffering Jesus is surrounded by three Breton peasant women. The peace in the air, the calm submissive poses of women, the landscape saturated with sunny yellow color with trees in red autumn foliage, the peasant busy with his business in the distance, cannot but come into conflict with what is happening on the cross. The environment is in sharp contrast to Jesus, whose face displays that stage of suffering that borders on apathy, indifference to everything around him. The contradiction between the boundless torments accepted by Christ and the “unnoticed” nature of this sacrifice by people is the main theme of this work by Gauguin.

on the shore, two sisters - they have just swam, and now their bodies are stretched out on the sand in casual voluptuous poses - talking about love, one memory causes discord: “How? Are you jealous!".

In painting the lush full-blooded beauty of tropical nature, natural people unspoiled by civilization, Gauguin depicted a utopian dream of an earthly paradise, of human life in harmony with nature. Gauguin's Polynesian paintings resemble panels in their decorative color, flatness and monumentality of composition, and generality of the stylized design.

P. Gauguin. Where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going? 1897-1898

The painting “Where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?" Gauguin considered it the sublime culmination of his reflections. According to the artist’s plan, the painting should be read from right to left: three main groups of figures illustrate the questions posed in the title. The group of women with a child on the right side of the picture represents the beginning of life; the middle group symbolizes the daily existence of maturity; in the extreme left group, Gauguin depicted human old age, approaching death; the blue idol in the background symbolizes the other world. This painting is the pinnacle of Gauguin's innovative post-impressionist style; his style combined a clear use of colors, decorative color and composition, flatness and monumentality of the image with emotional expressiveness.

Gauguin's work anticipated many features of the Art Nouveau style that was emerging during this period and influenced the development of the masters of the “Nabi” group and other painters of the early 20th century.

In 1888, Van Gogh moved to Arles, where his originality was finally determined. creative manner. Fiery artistic temperament, a painful impulse towards harmony, beauty and happiness and, at the same time, fear of forces hostile to man, are embodied either in landscapes shining with sunny colors of the south (“The Yellow House”, “The Harvest. La Croe Valley”), or in ominous , reminiscent of a nightmare of images (“ Night terrace cafe"); dynamics of color and brushstroke

Van Gogh's intense work in recent years was accompanied by bouts of mental illness, which led him to a mental hospital in Arles, then to Saint-Rémy (1889–1890) and to Auvers-sur-Oise (1890), where he committed suicide. Creativity of two recent years The artist’s life is marked by ecstatic obsession, extremely heightened expression of color combinations, sudden changes in mood - from frenzied despair and gloomy visionary (“Road with Cypresses and Stars”) to a tremulous feeling of enlightenment and peace (“Landscape in Auvers after the rain”).

V. Van Gogh. Wheat field with crows. 1890

“Wheat Field with Crows” is a painting by Van Gogh, painted by the artist in July 1890 and is one of his most famous works. The painting was supposedly completed on July 10, 1890, 19 days before his death in Auvers-sur-Oise. There is a version that Van Gogh committed suicide in the process of painting this painting (going out into the open air with materials for painting, he shot himself in the heart area with a pistol purchased to scare away flocks of birds, then independently reached the hospital, where he died from the loss blood).

It is more than beautiful pictures, this is a reflection of reality. In the works of great artists you can see how the world and the consciousness of people changed.

Art is also an attempt to create an alternative reality where you can hide from the horrors of your time, or a desire to change the world. The art of the 20th century rightfully occupies a special place in history. The people who lived and worked in those times experienced social upheavals, wars, and unprecedented developments in science; and all this found its mark on their canvases. 20th century artists took part in creating the modern vision of the world.

Some names are still pronounced with aspiration, while others are unfairly forgotten. Someone was so contradictory creative path, that we still cannot give it an unambiguous assessment. This review is dedicated to the 20 greatest artists of the 20th century. Camille Pizarro- French painter. An outstanding representative of impressionism. The artist’s work was influenced by John Constable, Camille Corot, Jean Francois Millet.
Born July 10, 1830 in St. Thomas, died November 13, 1903 in Paris.

Hermitage at Pontoise, 1868

Opera passage in Paris, 1898

Sunset at Varengeville, 1899

Absinthe, 1876

Star, 1877

Woman combing her hair, 1885

Gamblers, 1893

Modern Olympia, 1873

Still life with skulls, 1900

Welk Rock at Pourville, 1882

After Lunch, 1873-1876

Etretat, sunset, 1883

"Volga", 1890-1895

"North", 1879

"View of the Kremlin from Zamoskvorechye", 1882

Pont des Arts in Paris, 1867

Ball at the Moulin de la Galette, 1876

Jeanne Samari, 1877

Breton landscape, 1894

Breton village in snow, 1888

Are you jealous? 1892

Saints' Day, 1894

Couple riding on horseback, 1918

A colorful life, 1907

Moscow 1, 1916

In grey, 1919

Square in Saint-Tropez, 1904

Outline of Notre Dame at night, 1902

Woman with a Hat, 1905

Dance, 1909

Italian, 1919

Portrait of Delectorskaya, 1934

Overseas guests, 1901

The Great Spirit of the Himalayas, 1923

Message from Shambhala, 1933

“1918 in Petrograd”, 1920

"Boys at Play", 1911

Bathing the Red Horse, 1912

Portrait of Anna Akhmatova

Rest (Society in Top Hat), 1908

"Peasant women with buckets", 1912-1913

Black Suprematist Square, 1915

Suprematist painting, 1916

On the boulevard, 1903

Girl on a ball, 1905

Portrait of Ambroise Vallors, 1910

Three Graces

Portrait of Olga

Dance, 1919

Woman with a flower, 1930

Cellist, 1909

The couple, 1917

Joan Hebuterne, 1918

Mediterranean landscape, 1918

Notre Dame de Paris in the rain, 1909

Woman at the Well, 1913

Union of Peasants and Workers, 1924

Detroit Industry, 1932

Anyuta (Portrait of a Sister), 1910

Bride with a fan, 1911

Me and the Village, 1911

Adam and Eve, 1912

Untitled

Number 7 or 11

Orange and yellow

Temptation of Saint Anthony, 1946

last supper, 1955

Woman with a Head of Roses, 1935

My wife Gala, naked, looking at her body, 1945

Embrace of Universal Love, Earth, Me, Diego and Coatl, 1949

Moses (Core of Creation), 1945

Two Fridas, 1939

Impressionism.

Edouard Manet (French: Édouard Manet, January 23, 1832, Paris - April 30, 1883, Paris) - French artist, one of the founders of impressionism.

His fascination with old painting led to Manet's numerous travels. He repeatedly visited Dutch museums, where he admired the paintings of Frans Hals. In 1853, he made the traditional trip to Italy for French artists, where he visited Venice and Florence. It was then that the influence on the young artist of paintings by masters of the Early and High Renaissance began to emerge. One of the artists who had the greatest influence on Manet was Velazquez. Perhaps it was his later works, especially the famous bodegons, that had a huge influence on the formation of the impressionist movement. The journey back to France was long - Manet traveled a lot around Central Europe, visiting museums in Dresden, Prague, Vienna and Munich.

In 1863 and 1864, Manet exhibited both at the Salon des Refugees and at the official salon, where his new paintings, especially Luncheon on the Grass, aroused sharp indignation from critics. The peak of rejection occurred in 1865, when Manet exhibited his (now famous) “Olympia” at the salon - a painting that his contemporaries found extremely obscene and vulgar, and provoked a huge scandal at that time.

During the siege of Paris in 1870, Manet, as a staunch republican, remained in the capital. After the French-Prussian War and the Paris Commune, the artist became even closer to the young impressionists. This is evidenced, for example, by numerous paintings painted en plein air, side by side with Claude Monet in Argenteuil in 1874. However, Manet did not want to participate in exhibitions of impressionist groups. He preferred to achieve recognition by the jury of official Salons at any cost. Another hype around his name arose in 1874. “Railroad” again aroused intense antipathy from the jury. And only in 1879 the Salon appreciated the artist’s tenacity: Manet’s canvases “In the Greenhouse” and “In the Boat” were received very warmly.

"The Absinthe Drinker", 1858-1859, New Glyptotek Carlsberg

"Music in the Tuileries", 1862, National Gallery, London

"Olympia", 1863, Orsay Museum, Paris

Spanish musician (Gitarrero). 1860 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Execution of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico. 1867, Kunsthalle, Mannheim.

Edgar-Germain-Hilaire de Gas, or Edgar Degas (French Edgar Degas) (July 19, 1834, Paris - September 27, 1917) - French painter, one of the most prominent and original representatives of the impressionist movement.

At the age of 20 (1854), Degas entered an apprenticeship in the workshop of the once famous artist Lamothe, who in turn was a student of the great Ingres. Degas happened to see Ingres in a family he knew, and he retained his appearance in his memory for a long time, and throughout his life he retained his love for Ingres’ melodious line and clear form. Degas also loved other great draftsmen - Nicolas Poussin, Hans Holbein - and copied their works in the Louvre with such diligence and skill that it was difficult to distinguish the copy from the original.

The works of Degas with their strictly verified and at the same time dynamic, often asymmetrical composition, precise flexible drawing, unexpected angles, active interaction the figures and spaces combine the apparent impartiality and randomness of the motif and architectonics of the painting with careful thought and calculation. “There was no art less direct than mine,” is how the artist himself evaluates his own work. Each of his works is the result of long-term observations and persistent, painstaking work to transform them into an artistic image. There is nothing impromptu in the master’s work. The completeness and thoughtfulness of his compositions sometimes makes one recall the paintings of Poussin. But as a result, images appear on the canvas that it would not be an exaggeration to call the personification of the instantaneous and random. In French art of the late 19th century, the works of Degas in this regard are the diametric opposite of the work of Cézanne. Cezanne's painting carries within itself all the immutability of the world order and looks like a completely completed microcosm. In Degas, it contains only part of the powerful flow of life cut off by the frame. Degas's images are full of dynamism, they embody accelerated rhythms contemporary artist era. It was precisely the passion for conveying movement - this, according to him, determined Degas’s favorite subjects: images of galloping horses, ballerinas at rehearsal, laundresses and ironers at work, women dressing or combing their hair.

Edgar Degas. Racehorses in front of the stands. 1869-1872 Louvre, Paris.

Blue dancers. Museum named after Pushkin, Moscow.

Cotton trading office in New Orleans. 1873

The washing up. 1886 Hill Stand Museum, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Absinthe, 1876, Orsay Museum, Paris

Before the start, 1862-1880, Orsay Museum, Paris

Ballet performance - View of the stage from the box, 1885, Art Museum, Philadelphia

Ballet school.

Miss Lala at Fernando's Circus.

Laundresses with linen.

At the milliner's.

Ironers

Pierre Auguste Renoir (French Pierre-Auguste Renoir; February 25, 1841, Limoges - December 2, 1919, Cagnes-sur-Mer) - French painter, graphic artist and sculptor, one of the main representatives of impressionism. Renoir is known primarily as a master of secular portraiture, not devoid of sentimentality; he was the first of the impressionists to gain success among wealthy Parisians. In the mid-1880s. actually broke with impressionism, returning to the linearity of classicism, to Engrism. Father of the famous director.

"Spring Bouquet" (1866). Harvard University Museum

"Ball at Le Moulin de la Galette" (1876). Orsay Museum

"Big Bathers" (1887). Museum of Art, Philadelphia.

"Girls at the Piano" (1892). Orsay Museum.

"Gabriel in a Red Blouse" (1910). Collection of M. Wertham, New York.

Oscar Claude Monet (French: Oscar-Claude Monet, 1840-1926) - French painter, one of the founders of impressionism.

When the boy was five years old, the family moved to Normandy, to Le Havre. On the sea coast of Normandy, Monet met Eugene Boudin, famous landscape painter and one of the forerunners of impressionism. Boudin showed to the young artist some techniques for painting from life

On the Banks of the Seine (Bennecourt, 1868), is an early example of plein air impressionism, in which the skillful and evocative use of oils was presented as a finished work of art.

Disillusioned with the traditional art taught in art schools, Monet attended Charles Gleyre University in Paris in 1862, where he met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frédéric Bazille and Alfred Sisley. They shared with each other new approaches to art, the art of depicting the effects of light in a plein air style with disrupted colors and quick brushstrokes, what later became known as impressionism. Monet's portrait of Camille, or La femme a la robe verte, painted in 1866, brought him recognition and was one of many works depicting him. future wife, Camille Doncieux; a year later, she posed for the paintings Women in the Garden and On the Banks of the Seine (Bennecourt, 1868).

Following the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War (19 July 1870), Monet took refuge in England in September 1870, where he studied the works of John Constable and Joseph Mallord William Turner, whose landscape paintings would inspire Monet's innovations in the study of color.

"Impression. Rising Sun", 1872, Marmottan-Monet Museum, Paris

"Boulevard of the Capuchins", 1873

"Harbor"

"Lily Pond", 1899, National Gallery, London

“Regatta at Arzateil”, 1872, Orsay Museum, Paris

"Splash Pool", 1869, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

"Women in the Garden", 1866-1867, Orsay Museum, Paris, France

"Beach at Purwil", 1882, National Museum of Poland, Poznan, Poland

"Water Lilies", 1915

Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro (French: Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro, July 10, 1830, St. Thomas - November 12, 1903, Paris) - French painter, one of the first and most consistent representatives of impressionism.

Pizarro began as a student of Camille Corot. This choice of teacher already reflected the artist’s innate love for landscape painting. But at the beginning of his creative career, Camille Pizarro paid no less attention to drawing. Already in early works the artist paid special attention to the depiction of illuminated objects in the air. Light and air have since become the leading theme in Pizarro's work.

Gradually, Pizarro began to free himself from the influence of Corot, and his own style matured. Since 1866, the artist’s palette has become lighter, space permeated with sunlight and light air becomes the dominant feature of his subject, and the neutral tones characteristic of Corot disappear.

The works that made Pizarro famous are a combination of traditional landscape subjects and unusual technology in drawing light and illuminated objects. The paintings of the mature Pizarro are painted with dense strokes and filled with that physical sensation of light that he sought to express.

Pissarro had a strong influence on the Impressionists, independently developing many of the principles that formed the basis of their painting style. He was friends with artists such as Degas, Cezanne and Gauguin. Pizarro is the only participant in all eight Impressionist exhibitions.

"Boulevard Montmartre. Afternoon, sunny.” 1897

Self-portrait, 1873

Neo-Impressionism.

Paul Signac (French Paul Signac, November 11, 1863, Paris - August 15, 1935, Paris) - French post-impressionist artist, representative of the pointillism movement.

In 1882, in Paris and Brittany, he began painting under the influence of the Impressionists, mainly Monet. In 1884 he participated in the creation of the Society of Independent Artists, where he met Georges Seurat, with whom in 1889 he developed the painting technique of pointillism, although already at the last exhibition of the Impressionists his paintings reflected the aesthetics of divisionism.

Already during his lifetime the artist was recognized classic. In 1911 he was awarded the Legion of Honor.

Les Andelys (1886)

Femme lisant (1887), Orsay Museum, Paris. Oil, wood

Château de Comblat (1887), Liege Museum, Belgium

La bouée rouge (1895) Orsay Museum

L'orage, (1895) Musée de l"Annonciade,

Le phare d'Antibes, (1909)

Post-Impressionism.

Paul Cézanne (French Paul Cézanne) is a French artist, a prominent representative of post-impressionism.

Paul Cezanne was born in France on January 19, 1839 in the city of Aix-en-Provence in the family of a wealthy bourgeois. At Bourbon College, where he studied, Paul became friends with the future famous writer Emile Zola. Paul studied law at the University of Aix, but did not complete the course, deciding to devote himself entirely to painting.

After a short study at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts of Aix-en-Provence, Cézanne went to Paris, where he met Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley. Together with them, he participated in the first exhibition of the Impressionists in 1874 at Nadar's photographic studio in Paris.

Cezanne's works bear the imprint of the artist's inner life. They are filled with internal energy of attraction and repulsion. Contradictions were initially inherent in both the artist’s mental world and his artistic aspirations. In Cezanne's everyday life, the southern temperament was combined with seclusion and asceticism, piety - with attempts to free himself from the constraints of his temperament. religious traditions. Confident of his genius, Cézanne was nevertheless eternally obsessed with the fear that he would not find the exact means of expressing what he saw and wanted to express in a picture through the means of painting. He always talked about his inability to “realize” his own vision, he always doubted that he could do it, and every new picture became both a refutation and confirmation of this.

Girl at the Piano (Overture to Tannhäuser). OK. 1868. Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Bouquet of flowers in a blue vase. 1873-1875. Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Bridge over the Marne at Creteil (Banks of the Marne). 1888-1894. Pushkin Museum im. A. S. Pushkin, Moscow

Smoker. 1890-1892. Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Mount St. Victoria. 1897-1898. Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Vincent Willem Van Gogh van Gogh, 30 March 1853, Grote-Zundert, near Breda, the Netherlands - 29 July 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, France) is a world-famous Dutch post-impressionist artist.

In the 1880s, Van Gogh turned to art, attended the Academy of Arts in Brussels (1880-1881) and Antwerp (1885-1886), took the advice of the painter A. Mauwe in The Hague, and enthusiastically painted miners, peasants, and artisans. In a series of paintings and sketches from the mid-1880s. (“Peasant Woman”, 1885, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo; “The Potato Eaters”, 1885, Vincent Van Gogh State Museum, Amsterdam), painted in a dark painterly palette, marked by a painfully acute perception of human suffering and feelings of depression, the artist recreated the oppressive atmosphere of psychological tension.

In 1886-1888, Van Gogh lived in Paris, visited the prestigious private art studio of the famous teacher P. Cormon throughout Europe, studied impressionist painting, Japanese engraving, and synthetic works by Paul Gauguin. During this period, Van Gogh’s palette became light, the earthy shade of paint disappeared, pure blue, golden yellow, red tones appeared, his characteristic dynamic, flowing brush stroke (“Bridge over the Seine”, 1887, Vincent Van Gogh State Museum, Amsterdam ; "Père Tanguy", 1887, Rodin Museum, Paris).

In 1888, Van Gogh moved to Arles, where the originality of his creative style was finally determined. Fiery artistic temperament, a painful impulse towards harmony, beauty and happiness and, at the same time, fear of forces hostile to man, are embodied in landscapes shining with sunny colors of the south (“Harvest. La Croe Valley”, 1888, Vincent Van Gogh State Museum, Amsterdam ), then in ominous, nightmare-like images (“Night Cafe”, 1888, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo); the dynamics of color and brushwork fills not only nature and the people inhabiting it with spiritual life and movement (“Red Vineyards in Arles”, 1888, State Museum fine arts named after A. S. Pushkin, Moscow), but also inanimate objects (“Van Gogh’s Bedroom in Arles”, 1888, Vincent Van Gogh State Museum, Amsterdam). In the last week of his life, Van Gogh painted his last and famous painting: Field of grains with crows. It was evidence of the artist's tragic death.

Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin (June 7, 1848 - May 8, 1903) was a French painter, ceramic sculptor and graphic artist.

Along with Cezanne and Van Gogh, he was the largest representative of post-impressionism.

In the early 1870s he began painting as an amateur. The early period of creativity (under the influence of Pissarro) is associated with impressionism. Since 1880 he participated in impressionist exhibitions. Since 1883, professional artist.

Having experienced a craving for exotic places since childhood, spent in Peru (in his mother’s homeland), and considering civilization a “disease,” Gauguin, eager to “merge with nature,” left for Tahiti in 1891, where he lived in Papeete and where he wrote in 1892 as many as 80 paintings. After a short (1893-1895) return to France, due to illness and lack of funds, he left for Oceania forever - first to Tahiti, and from 1901 to the island of Hiva Oa (Marquesas Islands), where he took a young Tahitian woman as his wife and works in full force: writes landscapes, stories, works as a journalist. On this island he dies. Despite illness, poverty and depression, which led him to attempt suicide, Gauguin wrote his best works there. Observations of the real life and way of life of the peoples of Oceania are intertwined with local myths.

Sewing Woman (1880)

Yellow Christ (1889)

Woman with a Flower (1891)

The spirit of the dead does not sleep (1892)

Are you jealous? (1892)

Fun evil spirit (1894)

Where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going? (1897-1898)

Never Again (1897)

François Auguste René Rodin (François-Auguste-René Rodin) (November 12, 1840 - November 17, 1917) - famous French sculptor, one of the founders of impressionism in sculpture.

Auguste Rodin was born in Paris. He studied at the Paris School of Drawing and Mathematics, entering there against his father's wishes, and with Antoine Bari at the Natural History Museum.

In 1864, Rodin's first work, The Man with a Broken Nose, was rejected at the Paris Salon because it challenged the academic canons of beauty. Rodin was also not accepted into the School of Fine Arts, and from 1864 to 1870 he worked in the workshop of A. Carrier-Belleuse at the Sèvres Manufactory, making money by creating decorative sculpture.

sculpture "The Thinker"

"Citizens of Calais". Rodin Museum in Philadelphia

Statue of Honore de Balzac. Rodin Museum in Philadelphia

"The Gates of Hell" Rodin Museum in Philadelphia

A man with a broken nose. Rodin Museum in Philadelphia

Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen (French: Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen; November 10, 1859, Lausanne - December 14, 1923, Paris) was a French and Swiss artist, graphic artist and illustrator who worked in both realistic and art nouveau styles.

T.-A. Steinlen became famous for his Parisian posters created around 1900, his scenes from nightlife Montmartre and, of course, his “cat” paintings and graphics, which made his name. Other facets of the artist’s talent are less known: his painting, sculpture and graphics are dedicated to the events of the First World War, especially the events in Serbia and Belgium. Steinlen was self-taught, and yet heir to a rich artistic tradition. His works are influenced by the works of Delacroix, Daumier, Doré and Manet. The distribution and popularity that Steinlen's works had in Paris during the Belle Epoque made the artist a central figure in European art of the early 20th century; they became a source of inspiration for numerous avant-garde masters, including Picasso

Aristide Bruant: À la Villette

Anatole France

Suzanne Valadon

Georges Courtelain: Une canaille

Save Serbia!

Drink boiled milk!

Cover of Eugenie Buffet's book "My Life, My Love, My Adventures" by Steinlen

Illustration by Steinlen for the newspaper Le Gil Blas

These are more than pretty pictures, they are a reflection of reality. In the works of great artists you can see how the world and the consciousness of people changed.

Art is also an attempt to create an alternative reality where you can hide from the horrors of your time, or a desire to change the world. The art of the 20th century rightfully occupies a special place in history. The people who lived and worked in those times experienced social upheavals, wars, and unprecedented developments in science; and all this found its mark on their canvases. 20th century artists took part in creating the modern vision of the world.

Some names are still pronounced with aspiration, while others are unfairly forgotten. Someone had such a controversial creative path that we still cannot give him an unambiguous assessment. This review is dedicated to the 20 greatest artists of the 20th century. Camille Pizarro- French painter. An outstanding representative of impressionism. The artist’s work was influenced by John Constable, Camille Corot, Jean Francois Millet.
Born July 10, 1830 in St. Thomas, died November 13, 1903 in Paris.

Hermitage at Pontoise, 1868

Opera passage in Paris, 1898

Sunset at Varengeville, 1899

Absinthe, 1876

Star, 1877

Woman combing her hair, 1885

Gamblers, 1893

Modern Olympia, 1873

Still life with skulls, 1900

Welk Rock at Pourville, 1882

After Lunch, 1873-1876

Etretat, sunset, 1883

"Volga", 1890-1895

"North", 1879

"View of the Kremlin from Zamoskvorechye", 1882

Pont des Arts in Paris, 1867

Ball at the Moulin de la Galette, 1876

Jeanne Samari, 1877

Breton landscape, 1894

Breton village in snow, 1888

Are you jealous? 1892

Saints' Day, 1894

Couple riding on horseback, 1918

A colorful life, 1907

Moscow 1, 1916

In grey, 1919

Square in Saint-Tropez, 1904

Outline of Notre Dame at night, 1902

Woman with a Hat, 1905

Dance, 1909

Italian, 1919

Portrait of Delectorskaya, 1934

Overseas guests, 1901

The Great Spirit of the Himalayas, 1923

Message from Shambhala, 1933

“1918 in Petrograd”, 1920

"Boys at Play", 1911

Bathing the Red Horse, 1912

Portrait of Anna Akhmatova

Rest (Society in Top Hat), 1908

"Peasant women with buckets", 1912-1913

Black Suprematist Square, 1915

Suprematist painting, 1916

On the boulevard, 1903

Girl on a ball, 1905

Portrait of Ambroise Vallors, 1910

Three Graces

Portrait of Olga

Dance, 1919

Woman with a flower, 1930

Cellist, 1909

The couple, 1917

Joan Hebuterne, 1918

Mediterranean landscape, 1918

Notre Dame de Paris in the rain, 1909

Woman at the Well, 1913

Union of Peasants and Workers, 1924

Detroit Industry, 1932

Anyuta (Portrait of a Sister), 1910

Bride with a fan, 1911

Me and the Village, 1911

Adam and Eve, 1912

Untitled

Number 7 or 11

Orange and yellow

Temptation of Saint Anthony, 1946

Last Supper, 1955

Woman with a Head of Roses, 1935

My wife Gala, naked, looking at her body, 1945

Embrace of Universal Love, Earth, Me, Diego and Coatl, 1949

Moses (Core of Creation), 1945

Two Fridas, 1939