In which country is the most common surname? The most common surnames in European leagues

Almeida (port. Almeida) toponym and proper name. Geographical objects Almeida is an urban village in Portugal, the center of the municipality of the same name within the Guarda district. Almeida district (fregesia) in Portugal, part of the Guarda district.... ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Almeida (surname). Uh-huh Almeida ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Almeida (surname). Francisco Almeida, Viceroy of India. Francisco de Almeida (c. 1450 1510) first Portuguese viceroy of India. Along with Albuquerque, he founded ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Almeida (surname). Manuel de Almeida Occupation: history, literature, missionary Date of birth: 1580 ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Almeida (surname). Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida Occupation: poetry Date of birth ... Wikipedia

Jobin, Antônio Carlos Antônio Carlos Jobim Full name Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim Date of birth January 25, 1927 (1927 01 25) Place of birth ... Wikipedia

Antônio Carlos Jobim Antônio Carlos Jobim Full name Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim Date of birth January 25, 1927 (1927 01 25) Place of birth ... Wikipedia

Reference:

Portuguese belongs to the Romance group of the Indo-European family of languages ​​and is considered the official language of Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, East Timor and Macau. About 80% of Lusophones (native speakers of Portuguese) live in Brazil.

Map of the distribution of the Portuguese language in the world (Wikipedia):

Names in Brazil and Portugal

Portuguese legislation carefully monitors how its citizens should be called. There is a special list of allowed and prohibited names, and the number of prohibited ones increases every year. Among those allowed, names from the Catholic calendar predominate, carefully verified according to the standards of Portuguese spelling. Discrepancies are not welcome: for example, a child can only be called Tomás, but not Thomas(this spelling is considered archaic and inconsistent with the law), Manuel, but not Manoel, Mateus, but not Matheus.

In Brazil, names are treated much more simply. The abundance of emigrants from all over the world has taught Brazilians that names can be anything: unusual, exotic, pretentious, or even completely incredible. Therefore, Brazilians (even those of Portuguese origin) willingly give children foreign names:Walter, Giovanni,Nelson, Edison. So, Italian name Alessandra so much more popular than the Portuguese version Alexandra, that many Brazilians consider it to be a native "home" name.

Brazilians have the same attitude when it comes to writing names. If a Portuguese man who decides to name his daughter Teresa is forced to settle for the only acceptable option - Teresa, then the Brazilian can write in the registration documents and Tereza, And Thereza, and in general everything your heart desires.

Both Brazilians and Portuguese use diminutive names. Moreover, it can be difficult to immediately grasp the connection between the diminutive and the passport name. It’s good if the diminutive name is formed simply with the help of a suffix, such as, for example, Ronaldinho- from Ronaldo. But guess what Zezito- This Jose, Kaka -Carlos, A Tekinya -Theresa, not every foreigner can do.

Diminutive names are also successfully formed from double names:

Carlos Jorge-Cajó
Maria Jose-Maze,Mize
Jose Carlos-Zeca
João Carlos-Joca,Juca
Maria Antonia-Mito
Antonio Jose-Toze
Maria Luisa,Maria Lucia-Malu

Pronunciation and transcription of Portuguese names

As you know, the Portuguese language has two variants: European and Brazilian. However, the pronunciation in Portugal and Brazil is quite different. So, the name of the great Portuguese poet Luis de Camoes (Louis de Camões) in Portugal is pronounced "Luis de Camoes" and in most regions of Brazil - "Luis di Camoines". So adequate phonetic translation of Portuguese names into Russian is not an easy task. The matter is complicated by the fact that while in Portugal there is a single officially recognized pronunciation norm, in Brazil there is essentially none. The most “literate” pronunciation is considered to be the pronunciation of the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro (“Carioca”) and Sao Paulo (“Paulista”), although these dialects, in turn, differ greatly. For example, where a carioca says s in Portuguese style - like "sh", Paulista (and with him the vast majority of residents of other states) will pronounce "With".

There is another difficulty. For a long time in Russian, Portuguese names and titles were transferred "to Spanish mode": Vasco da Gama(but not Vasco da Gama), Luis de Camões(but not Luis de Camoes). Consider real features pronunciations began quite recently, but since Portuguese is not one of the most common languages ​​in our latitudes, few people understand the intricacies of pronunciation. Hence the massive discrepancy in transcriptions. The Portuguese footballer was especially unlucky Cristiano Ronaldo: whatever commentators call him - Christiano Ronaldo,Christiano Ronaldo,Christian Ronaldo... Although there is only one correct option - Cristiano Ronaldo: soft "l" in Portuguese no at all, the unstressed “o” at the end of a word in both versions of the language is reduced to “u”, and s before voiceless consonants in Portugal is pronounced like “sh” (although if a football player were born not in Madeira, but somewhere in Sao Paulo, he would be I wish he Christian Ronaldo…).

Another unlucky person is a Brazilian musician Joao Gilberto (João Gilberto), appearing in various sources as Joan Gilberto,Joan Gilberto and even Joao Gilberto. In general, the only way to avoid such inconsistency is to use the rules of Portuguese-Russian transcription (for example, according to Ermolovich’s reference book). Of course, accurately convey the nasal sound ão(and other delights of pronunciation) in Russian letters is impossible, but of all the options, the reference book gives the closest to the original: “an” - Juan.

Accent in Portuguese names ()

In a simplified way, the rules for setting stress in Portuguese can be described as follows:

The emphasis is on the last syllable in all words ending in:

-i, u, ã, ão, ães, ãe, im, om, um;
- on a consonant except s, em, am;
- on s, if before s costs u or i.

The emphasis is on the penultimate syllable in all words ending in:

-a, o, e, em, am;
- on s with previous ones a, o, e.

Moreover, in words ending with io And ia, the emphasis falls on i.

Words that are exceptions to these rules are marked with graphic stress (as in Russian).

Writing Portuguese names

Until recently, spelling standards in Portugal and Brazil differed, which, accordingly, left an imprint on the spelling of names: port. Monica- braz. Monica, port. Jerónimo- braz. Jerônimo.

In July 2008, at the Summit of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, held in Lisbon, it was decided to unify the spelling, which brought the Portuguese spelling closer to the current Brazilian one. ()

The question of unifying the spelling of names remains open.

Most common Portuguese names

The most popular names among newborns (Portugal, 2008)

The most popular names among newborns (Brazil, 2009)

Names borrowed from Italian are marked with an asterisk.

Portuguese surnames

The average Portuguese's full name consists of three parts: the personal name (usually one or two), the mother's surname and the father's surname. For example: Joao Paulo Rodrigues Almeida (Juan And Paulo- personal names, Rodrigues- mother's surname, Almeida- father's surname) Maria Filipa Guimarães da Costa, Rodrigo Gomes Silva. In everyday life, a person is usually called only by his last (paternal) surname: Senor Almeida, Senora da Costa, Senor Silva.

When getting married, a woman does not change her last name, but simply adds her husband’s last name (more rarely, both last names) to her own. So, if Maria Filipa Guimarães da Costa marries Rodrigue Gomes Silva, then her full name will sound like Maria Filipa Guimarães da Costa Silva or Maria Filipa Guimarães da Costa Gomes Silva. In turn, their children will receive the “paternal” surnames of their mother and father: da Costa Silva, or, at the request of the parents, all four surnames: Guimarães da Costa Gomes Silva. Such multi-storey structures are far from uncommon: on the contrary, in Portugal, a person with only one surname causes bewilderment. In Brazil, they take this more calmly: many descendants of emigrants of non-Portuguese origin ignore Portuguese traditions and are content with a single surname.

10 most common surnames on Earth October 2nd, 2012

1. Lee - more than 100 million people worldwide

It is the most common surname in the world, with about 7.9 percent of Chinese residents being the lucky owners. There are different varieties of this surname - Li, Lee and even Ly, it all depends on the region of residence of the person.

In the photo is Bruce Lee, the legendary film actor, master of martial arts.

2. Zhang - more than 100 million people

Zhang is another one of the most common Chinese surnames. In 1990, it was recognized as the most widespread in the world and was included in the Guinness Book of Records. This surname has been used in China for many thousands of years. In the photo, Zhang Yingying is playing table tennis.

3. Wang - more than 93 million people

China's population exceeds 1 billion people, it is not surprising that Chinese surnames are the most common in the world. Wang is one of the most used surnames in China, with 93 million people. Translated, it literally means “monarch”, “king”. This surname is also often used in Korea, Vietnam and even Japan. The photo shows Wang Chen Min, a baseball player.

4. Nguyen - more than 36 million people

Nguyen is the most common Vietnamese surname. About 40% of Vietnamese residents are its carriers. This surname is also common outside of Vietnam in countries where Vietnamese people emigrate. For example, this surname is in 54th place in France. In the USA it is in 57th place. Pictured is Quynh Nguyen, pianist.

5. Garcia - more than 10 million people

The surname Garcia is common throughout the world - in Northern and South America, Philippines, Spain. The surname is most likely of Basque origin, meaning “young”, “junior”. About 3.3% of Spaniards are Garcias, the second most common surname in Cuba, and in Mexico 4.1 million people are Garcias. Pictured is Pablo Marcano Garcia, an artist from Puerto Rico.

6. Gonzalez - more than 10 million people

Gonzalez is a surname of Spanish origin. This is the second surname in Spain after Garcia. She is also popular in Latin America- in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Paraguay. In the photo is Sheila Gonzalez, a saxophonist from the USA.

7. Hernandez - more than 8 million people

The surname Hernandez has both Spanish and Portuguese roots. It is used in Mexico, USA, Chile, Spain, Cuba and a number of other countries. Translated, it means "son of Hernan." Pictured is Peter Hernandez, singer.

8. Smith - more than 4 million people

Smith - English surname, most common in Great Britain, Australia and the United States, Canada and Ireland. The origin of the surname is associated with blacksmithing; in the old days, blacksmiths were called Smith. Pictured is Adrian Smith, an American architect who has designed many skyscrapers, including the famous Burj Khalifa and Trump Tower.

9. Smirnov - more than 2.5 million people

Contrary to general misconception, the most common Russian surname is not Ivanov, and certainly not Kuznetsov. More than 2.5 million people around the world bear the surname Smirnov. The origin of the surname is probably related to the word “Smirny”. In the photo is Stanislav Smirnov, mathematician.

10. Mueller - more than a million people

The German surname Müller is the most common in Germany and Switzerland, as well as in Austria and a number of other neighboring countries. Translated from German it means “miller”. In the photo is Patrick Muller, a football player from Switzerland.

What are the most common surnames in Russia and the USA? Do you think this is Ivanov and Johnson (John is English version named Ivan) respectively? This is not entirely true, although they occupy prizes in a kind of ranking.

Top 20 most common surnames in Russia

1. Smirnov
2. Ivanov
3. Kuznetsov
4. Sokolov
5. Popov
6. Lebedev
7. Kozlov
8. Novikov
9. Morozov
10. Petrov
11. Volkov
12. Solovyov
13. Vasiliev
14. Zaitsev
15. Pavlov
16. Semenov
17. Golubev
18. Vinogradov
19. Bogdanov
20. Vorobyov

As you can see, the first name on the list is the surname Smirnov, the surname Ivanov occupies the second line of the list, and the third place belongs to the surname Kuznetsov.

Let's now look at the list of the most common surnames in America. Our ranking there is as follows:

Top 20 most common surnames in the USA

1. Smith
2. Johnson (Johnson)
3. Williams
4. Jones
5. Brown
6. Davis
7. Miller
8. Wilson
9. Moore
10. Taylor
11. Anderson (Anderson)
12. Thomas (Thomas)
13. Jackson (Jackson)
14. White
15. Harris (Harris)
16. Martin (Martin)
17. Thompson
18. Garcia (Garcia)
19. Martinez (Martinez)
20. Robinson (Robinson)

As you can see, both of these lists have similar champions. American Smith (1) has a Russian counterpart Kuznetsov (3), and the Johnson-Ivanov pair is both in second place. It's interesting that in American top purely Latin American realities have already crept in - Garcia and Martinez. Surnames like Petrosyan or Mamedov have not yet made it into our top list :)

Among other things, I asked myself:
"Why do the Russians have massively occurring surnames (Ivanov, Smirnov), the English (Smith-Brown), the Germans (Schwartz-Muller), the Welsh (Jones), the Irish (Murphy-Donovan), the Sikhs (Singh) , the Senegalese even have it, the Romanians and the Hungarians, but the French don’t? Two Lemieux, two Dumas and three Rousseau - are these numbers? Where are the millions of Renards and Ferriers?

and I was thinking, I’m probably right klopk ..and he says this, it seems to me,not only and not so much, as Gavagai believes, about the fact that the French are less well-known, but about something else... perhaps also about the strong ethnocultural autonomy of the French provinces..

however, there is still a clear, undisputed leader... the most common surname in France is Martin, and it leads by a wide margin - 235,846 people... it is most common in the south (Provence, Alps, Rhone Valley).. although open hearths are leaders in Paris..

behind the open hearths it is quite dense:
2. bernard (Bernard, mainly in the south, Gironde, Rhone valley) - 105 132
3. dubois (dubois, or groves in our opinion, is most common, as you might guess, in the north and central France) - 95,998
4. thomas - 95 387
5. robert - 91 393
6. richard (Richard, “rich”, most common in eastern France) - 90,689
7. petit (peti, equivalent, apparently, to Maltsev?) 88 318
8. durand (durand, in second place in Paris, it’s difficult to find an equivalent) - 84,252
9. leroy (leroy, "queens", common in the northern departments) - 78,868
10. moreau (Moro, Western France, Brittany, Charente, Loire Valley, I think they are “relatives” of the Spanish Morales) - 78,177

I’m curious, however, why the Kuznetsovs in France, that is, Lefebvres and Forgets, are far from the most common surnames... Lefebvres, however, are in 13th place (74,564 people)..

it is clear that surnames derived from the names of professions are probably less common everywhere than those derived from given names, but the Kuznetsov-Smiths seem to be the clear leaders among Europeans... in Russia, however, there are a lot of surnames derived from the names of animals, all sorts of Sokolovs, Orolovs, Lebedevs, Volkovs, Zaitsevs, Komarovs...
in France, the most common surname derived from the name of animals is renard, “lisitsyn”... distant 83rd place, 31,646 people... and unexpectedly few “roosters” - lecocq (9788 people), cocq (less than a thousand), le cocq ( several hundred), cocteau (there are 126 people in total)..

Of the surnames formed from the names of professions, in France the fourniers (Fourniers, Pechkins and Pechnikovs) unexpectedly lead - 20th place, 57,047 people... I thought that Marchans, merchants, but they are in 60th place, 35,001 people..
in 25th place - mercier, haberdasher... we don’t have those, we somehow sold more and more bread and butter...
"Melnikovs" - meunier - in 46th place, 35,741 people..
"carpenters" - charpentier - in 134th place - 22,708 people..

and now, it’s funny: in the twentieth century in France the surname absinthe (absinthe) finally disappeared..
alas, such wonderful surnames as Trintignant, Lancelotti and Dazu are on the verge of extinction.. dazu have already disappeared, but several dazut have not yet given up, they are multiplying.. more precisely, they are giving birth to boys..
because the disappearance of surnames in France is largely due to the fact that girls, by law, cannot keep maiden name when they get married, and children must take their father's surname..