What is the meaning of the story horse name. A.P.Chekhov

In the 80s years XIX century when the story is created" Horse surname"in the works of A.P. Chekhov, cheerful and cheerful laughter reigns supreme. This is partly explained by circumstances: the beginning of the 80s was not so favorable for the development of caustic satire. Censorship in the country is being tightened as a result of the government reaction. The most successful is light and cheerful laughter over minor household incidents Everyday life. However, it cannot be said that Chekhov’s talent begins to develop in humorous and entertaining magazines. The writer widely uses his knowledge of Russian classics.

Chekhov's laughter at this time is hyperbolic, and the grotesque is often used. However, there are also stories where the authenticity of life is not compromised. In such stories, the writer pays attention to everyday details, but highlights the most significant and impressive ones. Nevertheless, A.P. Chekhov’s laughter is still cheerful and carefree. This is what happens in the story “The Horse's Name.” When talking about this work, researchers most often use the expression “warm humor.”

As in many of A.P. Chekhov’s early stories, the subject of the image is a small everyday detail, a piece of life. "Major General Buldeev has a toothache." Next, a whole story unfolds, worthless, but surprisingly important for the heroes of the story. Almost the whole day, all the inhabitants of Buldeev’s house painfully remembered the name of the doctor, who “spoke with his teeth - the first class. It happened that he would turn to the window, whisper, spit - and as if with his hand! Such strength was given to him...”. But there’s just one problem - this healer went to live with his mother-in-law in Saratov. And it is not surprising for the heroes that the miracle doctor treats people from other cities “by telegraph”. General Buldeev was distrustful of Ivan Yevseich’s advice. Yes, the toothache was too strong, and he decided to send a telegram. And again the obstacle is the clerk's memory. He only remembers that the surname is “like a horse.” A crowd followed Ivan Yevseich all day long, inventing various options doctor's last name.

And indeed, Chekhov’s “warm humor” makes itself felt. Well, how can you not smile at them - they come up with the name of a charlatan healer that no one needs; them - hoping for such illusory healing? In the story there is no evil grin at the heroes, no satirical ridicule, so characteristic of the later Chekhov. The author laughs at the tense and painful state of Ivan Yevseich, going through the most diverse things in his mind. different variants. All one can say is: “How little is needed for happiness!” at the sight of the clerk running towards the estate “with such speed, as if a mad dog was chasing him.”

However, all the hard work of his memory was in vain: the tooth was pulled out by a doctor who came at the request of the general. The situation is comical through and through, permeated with sparkling laughter. The writer is not making fun of anyone, he is simply describing a real-life incident that could happen to anyone.

A.P. Chekhov can rightfully be called a successor to the traditions of N.V. Gogol. But Chekhov does not stop and develops his artistic method. And if Gogol had “laughter through tears,” then Chekhov had “laughter to tears.”

Plan

Major General Buldeev had a toothache. The clerk's story about a healer from Saratov. Buldeev decides to send a telegram. The clerk, Ivan Yevseich, forgot the doctor’s last name, he only knows that it is connected with horses. In the morning, the general calls the doctor and pulls out the tooth. The clerk remembers the name, but it’s too late.

How to download a free essay? . And a link to this essay; Analysis of A. P. Chekhov’s story “The Horse's Name”, plan already in your bookmarks.

Additional essays on this topic

In my opinion, Chekhov in his story “The Horse's Name” revealed several problems, or rather, several striking properties of people. I will try to isolate them from a story that undoubtedly brings humor and a smile to even the saddest people.

Firstly, the situation itself occurs with a person who holds the rank of general, a very high rank. Even people who stand above others in society have teeth pain; by this the author shows that any person is mortal, and both the poor and the rich will lie in the coffin.

Secondly, just look at the noise and commotion the heroes made just because the general had a toothache. If an ordinary private had a toothache, then nothing would similar scenes and it couldn’t be, because the attitude towards a subordinate is much worse than towards a general, and the pain of a subordinate is just another news for the conditional residents of the house, while the general’s illness is a universal tragedy.

Thirdly, the author makes fun of our human despair. After all, Buldeev initially refuses to pull out the tooth, as the doctor advises, and he also refuses the clerk’s advice to write to the conspirator of the teeth. What happens next? It’s worth experiencing the pain in your teeth for a while, it’s worth blaming thoughts about a possible, albeit illusory, salvation in your head, and you’re ready to believe in a miracle, to believe in a conspirator. And all this is not happening to some village boy who believes in superstitions and magic, this is happening to a general who has lived his life.

This is how the author conveys to the reader that pain can change a person’s mood, can break a person to such an extent that he falls into despair, in which he believes in what he has denied all his life. As for the main events, we see how the whole house: children, wife, servants are on edge, and everyone is helping the clueless clerk remember his last name. When a whole day passes in pain and torment, then only the main character Buldeev decides to call a doctor and pull out a tooth, which again indicates that pain can break people, be it physical or psychological pain.

I also think that the author makes fun of a trait that is supposedly characteristic of the Russian people; let me put it in the proverb: “A Russian is smart, but with hindsight.” What this proverb means is that a Russian person thinks of something important only when it’s too late, when it’s no longer necessary. This is clearly illustrated in a situation where the clerk runs to the general to inform good news that he remembered the last name, but it was too late - “missing it!”

Analysis 2

One of early works A short story by A.P. Chekhov “The Horse's Name” is considered. The reader is presented with a solution to the problem of how to cure an inflamed tooth for an important landowner?

The story is real, a simple situation. The main character is a senior military official, and the clerk is trying to help him. In the background are the general's wife, servants, and children. An unpleasant incident happened. The main member of the family, the general, felt pain from an inflamed tooth. Going through various ways execution of the intended problem, they reach the point where they need someone first called a “charlatan”, and now very necessary person- Yakov Vasilievich. The author also involved the children in guessing the name of the “magic” doctor.

Let's make a profile for the major general. Since he was brought up in a rich family, he behaves accordingly. He shouts at the servants, at the end of the work he showed two “cookies” to the clerk.
The author constructed the work in such a way that the situation looks comical. Causes laughter when listing names associated with a horse. Although, the “true” surname Ovsov has little relation to the “horse” one.

The beginning of the story draws the reader into solving mysterious surname to cure an important person - a retired general, who is bothered by an inflamed tooth. The picture would have looked different if the pain bothered any of the servants, but here everyone started going through everything possible options"witchcraft", even by "telegraph".

IN this work“illiteracy” in relation to treatment is ridiculed “ high layers", primitiveness in awareness of "witchcraft" and influence at a great distance. Social inequality, ignorance, rude attitude towards servants, abuse of one’s position in society.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov tries his best short stories show all the absurdity and stupidity in the behavior above standing people who are ready to listen even to “ridiculous” ideas and implement them. The end of the plot is as follows: “The clerk remembers the name, but the general did it too late correct solution and agreed to let the doctor pull out the tooth. As a result, the pain goes away immediately.”

This work with satirical content would not have existed if our main character had immediately allowed his aching molar to be pulled out. Everyone is ready to go through the “earth” to find a cure for an important gentleman and do not spare their health and strength to achieve their goal.

The unique insightful mind of the writer finds and reflects on paper various small situations in life that are relevant to this day, only the landowners have reincarnated into the highest ranks of military service and work supervisors. Unfortunately, to this day there is social inequality between the relations of people and “healers are charlatans” who do not benefit health, but take away large amounts money.

However, in this work A.P. Chekhov wins “ common sense“And the end of the work is positive, when they pulled out the object of pain, the jaw immediately stopped hurting. How often, we do not take easy paths, but create huge problems for ourselves. And the solution may be much easier and very close.

Several interesting essays

When all the paths are open to you, you can get lost in the variety of professions and opportunities. But I have already chosen my path. I know what I want to be - a hairdresser!

The image and characterization of Petya Rostov in Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace essay
In Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, various heroes are shown who will have to change their inner world. Such a character is Peter Rostov - the most youngest child in the family, who at the beginning of the work was a clumsy fat man
The image and characteristics of Vitya A photograph in which I am not present Astafieva essay
The main character of the work is a little boy named Vitya, on whose behalf the story is narrated.
Essay What is courage reasoning Grade 9 OGE 15.3
In life, each of us has to face unpleasant, unexpected and difficult situations. It is in them that the real character of a person, the qualities of his soul, endurance, courage and perseverance are revealed.
Essay Relationship between teacher and student 11th grade Unified State Examination
The teacher is important person in the life of every student, because it is he who equips the child with a whole store of knowledge necessary for life, and also contributes to the formation of many skills and abilities.

A.P. Chekhov said that a person will become better if he is shown what he really is. They say that the writer always experienced heartache for humanity. He expressed it in the depiction of social and moral situations, using comic and satirical techniques. Chekhov's early humorous stories are about this. He often depicted a way of life that was presented as something absurd and therefore funny. In these small works there is external comedy (the comedy of the situation), which resembles an anecdote.

An example of such prose is the story “The Horse's Name.” His analysis clearly characterizes early prose author. Story line extremely simple: General Buldeev had a toothache. He tried everything to no avail folk remedies. The clerk Ivan Evseevich suggests turning to a person who heals with spells, even "by telegraph". Since this “doctor” lives in another city, it is necessary to send him a telegram. But the clerk forgot the addressee's last name. He claimed that the name "horse". All household members began to offer their options, Ivan Evseevich painfully recalled. Ultimately, the doctor removed the tooth, and the clerk, under random circumstances, remembered the last name - Ovsov.

The genre of the text can be defined as an anecdote story (a work of topical content containing a humorous overtones). This story, like a joke, has an unexpected ending. It is she who emphasizes his humorous character.

The composition of the work is characterized by a rapid beginning (a feature of Chekhov's style), lack of reasoning and descriptions. The role of dialogue is key. This is the beginning of the action. The denouement is two figs, which the general expressively demonstrates to the clerk.

The heroes of the story are ordinary, unremarkable people: a retired major general, a general’s wife, their children, a clerk, servants. The general is tormented by a tooth, but he does not evoke pity. The writer makes you laugh at the current situation, at his comical situation.

The ways in which they offer to get rid of pain are comical. Coming up with variants of the “horse surname” also looks comical: Kobylkin, Loshadkin, Zherebchikov, Konyavsky, Uzdechkin, etc. Here the author widely uses associativity, but at the same time maintains a sense of proportion.

In general, the comic is the main artistic device of the story. The author uses the discrepancy between external manifestations and internal essence. So, the clerk remembers the name of the so-called “doctor” many times, increasingly distorting the different options. A real name Ovsov can only conditionally be considered a “horse”. Or, for example, this: major general, but he’s afraid; despises conspiracies, and plans to treat a tooth over the phone; excise "power is given", and was fired from his position. The story also uses the following comic methods: hyperbole (the commotion in the house is exaggerated), surprise (a situation in which a surname is remembered).

Anecdotal words and speech errors are also of particular importance: "teeth and feeds", "if which","uses it at home", "use", "scold", "smiled wildly" etc. Lively speech complements the characters’ characters.

The retired major general himself created, and then overcame (called the doctor) an anecdotal situation, demonstrating two figs to the clerk. The author shows us a capricious, ignorant general (and this is the title of the highest command staff). Buldeev uses swear words and treats the servants with disdain. And the question involuntarily arises: who are the judges? This makes me sad. This is how Chekhov’s two concepts exist side by side - comic and tragic. They make you think about life, about its moral and social issues.

Analysis of the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Ionych"
“Tosca”, analysis of Chekhov’s work, essay

A.P. Chekhov said that a person will become better if he is shown what he really is. They say that the writer always felt heartache for humanity. He expressed it in the depiction of social and moral situations, using comic and satirical devices. Chekhov's early humorous stories are about this. He often depicted a way of life that was presented as something absurd and therefore funny. In these small works there is external comedy (the comedy of the situation), which resembles an anecdote.

An example of such prose is the story “The Horse's Name.” His analysis clearly characterizes the author's early prose. The storyline is extremely simple: General Buldeev has a toothache. He tried all folk remedies to no avail. The clerk, Ivan Evseevich, suggests turning to a person who heals with spells, even “by telegraph.” Since this “doctor” lives in another city, you need to send him a telegram. But the clerk forgot the addressee's last name. He claimed that the name was “horse”. All household members began to offer their options, Ivan Evseevich painfully recalled. Ultimately, the doctor removed the tooth, and the clerk, under random circumstances, remembered the last name - Ovsov.

In general, the comic is the main artistic technique story. The author uses the discrepancy between external manifestations and internal essence. So, the clerk remembers the name of the so-called “doctor” many times, increasingly distorting the different options. And the real surname Ovsov can only conditionally be considered a “horse”. Or, for example, this: major general, but he’s afraid; despises conspiracies, and plans to treat a tooth over the phone; “strength is given” to the excise tax. and was fired from his position. The story also uses the following comic methods: hyperbole (the commotion in the house is exaggerated), surprise (a situation in which a surname is remembered).

Anecdotal words and speech errors are also of particular importance: “he feeds himself with his teeth.” “if which”, “uses it at home.” “use”. “scolder.” “smiled wildly,” etc. Lively speech complements the characters’ characters.

(No ratings yet)

Essays on topics:

One of famous works Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in a humorous form shows the depth of ignorance and the strength of prejudices of people in power and...
Humorous story"Chameleon" refers to early stage creative path Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. As a student at the gymnasium, young Chekhov had already begun to write...

A.P. Chekhov. About the writer. Analysis of the story “The Horse's Name”.

Goals : - introduce students to the name of the writer, reveal his significance in literature, show the extraordinary personality of Chekhov - a doctor and a writer;
- characterize the characters’ speech as a source of comedy; promote the development of speech, memory, attention, logical thinking students;
- cultivate a sense of humor in children.

Equipment: portrait of a writer, Dictionary, presentation.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment.

2. The teacher's word.
Today we are getting acquainted with the name of a unique writer who combined two completely different professions- doctor and writer. A.P. Chekhov was born on January 17, 1860 in Taganrog in the family of a small merchant. “Pavel Egorovich and Evgenia Yakovlevna Chekhov,” writes Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov, the writer’s elder brother, in his memoirs, “God blessed him with a large family—they had five sons and one daughter. Anton Pavlovich was the third son. The family was always in need. His father is a stern religious man and often punished Antosha. After graduating from the Taganrog gymnasium, Chekhov studied tailoring. At the age of 16, he is left alone, as his parents leave for Moscow. In 1879, Chekhov also came to Moscow and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. Published to survive in humorous magazines. Signed funny: Antosha Chekhonte, that is, he had a pseudonym. Anton Pavlovich is an extraordinary man: he was famous writer, but settled in a village near Moscow to treat ordinary people. During famine years, he organizes soup kitchens and fundraisers for the hungry. He treats people even during the years of cholera, builds schools, creates a library for peasant children at his own expense. But one day he contracted tuberculosis, moved to Yalta for treatment, then to Germany, but on July 15, 1904 he died.
Like this an extraordinary person there was this writer. Now let's find out a little about his work.

3. Preparation for the perception of the work.
The stories of A.P. Chekhov make you laugh, as they are filled with humorous details. What is humor? What kind of person can be said to have a sense of humor? (This is a person who knows how to joke and understands jokes himself, and is not offended if the joke is directed at him).
The word humor (we write it down) means: a benign depiction of the funny, the presentation of events, human shortcomings and weaknesses in a harmless comic form.
The story we will read is called “The Horse's Name.” I’ll now write the word “horse”, and you guys name everything connected with it. (I write on the board: bridle, reins, saddle, horse, mare, mane, hooves, neighing, etc.). Now create surnames from them or name “horse” surnames. (I write down: Uzdechkin, Konyaev, Zherebtsov, Sedlov, Kobylin, Grivkin, etc.).

4. Reading the work.

(read by teacher)

5.Vocabulary work:
Uyezd is a district, part of a province.
Excise officer - an employee of a tax collection agency.
Cinchona is the bark of an American tree from which a pharmaceutical drug is made.

6. Analysis of the work.
- Why do we consider the story humorous? (It has many funny moments).
- What exactly did you find funny? (The way the entire estate, to please the general, chose a “horse” surname).
- Tell me, why did the general suddenly believe that you can communicate pain by telegraph? (The pain was unbearable, the general tried all means).
- What kind of treatment methods did the general try? (He rinsed his mouth with vodka, cognac, applied tobacco soot, opium, kerosene, turpentine, kerosene to the sore tooth, smeared his cheek with iodine, had cotton wool soaked in alcohol in his ears, but all this did not help, or caused nausea.)
- Why doesn’t the general immediately agree to treat the tooth with a conspiracy? (Because he considers it charlatanism, he is afraid to seem funny himself).
- Who offers this method of “treatment”? (Clerk Buldeev).
- What does excise tax treatment look like? Find the lines. (“It used to be that he would turn to the window, whisper, spit – and as if with his hand!”).
- How does the comedy of the story about the excise tax and his wonderful gift intensify? (It turns out that he “uses” from other cities via telegraph).
- What else do we learn about the excise tax from the lips of the clerk? (“A big drinker, he lives not with his wife, but with a German woman, a scolder, but, one might say, a miraculous gentleman!”).
- Is this information important for the general? (No, they are not important).
- Why is the clerk talking about this? (Because he wants to tell something else unusual so that the general agrees. Then it would turn out that the clerk pleased the general).

7. Reading by roles.
Let's role-play a funny scene remembering the name of the excise man.
- Pay attention to the phrase: “And in the house, everyone vied with each other, they began to invent surnames. We went through all the ages, genders and breeds of horses, remembered the mane, hooves, harness... "What kind of surnames do you think have been invented yet? (Gnedov, Kopytin, Sbruev, Zagrivkov, etc.).
- How is it that this “horse” name turned out to be the most dear to the general? (The general wanted with all his might to get rid of the pain, but only the clerk promised to save him).
- How did the general free himself from pain? (He still had to pull out the tooth by the roots, and the doctor did it).
- Who reminded this unfortunate but real name to the clerk? (The same doctor, he asked to sell oats for his horse, and the word “oats” reminded Ivan Yevseich of something).
- How did the clerk behave after the doctor’s words? (“Ivan Yevseich looked blankly at the doctor, smiled somehow wildly and, without saying a single
words, clasping his hands, he ran towards the estate as quickly as if a mad dog was chasing him."
- What was the real name of the miraculous healer from Saratov? (Ovsov).
- What can you say about the relationship of this surname to horses? (This surname has nothing to do with a horse, except that horses are fed oats).
- How much time passed between the tooth being pulled out and the clerk remembering the name? (Just a little, because the doctor had just returned from the general).

8. Retelling the story “The Horse's Name.”

Guys, what is an episode? (Episode – excerpt work of art, which talks about a completed event, incident).
- Which episode do you remember most? Try to retell it close to the text.

9. Lesson summary.
What kind of laughter can be called in this story: good-natured, destructive, condescending or otherwise? (The laughter here is good-natured and condescending, since the author chuckles, but does not mock).

10. Homework.
Prepare detailed retelling story “Horse Name”, draw illustrations for the story.