Arkhangelskoe estate inside. Arkhangelskoe Estate

Probably, many of us have heard about such an amazing place as the Arkhangelskoye estate. “How to get there?” - this is the question often asked by those who would like to visit there.

This article will take a closer look at the wonderful park, which is definitely worth visiting on your own or in the company of friends. Even children usually like it here.

Readers will learn about the history of construction, some of the main attractions, secrets and how this place lives today. In addition, detailed information will be given on how to get to the Arkhangelskoye estate and the park’s opening hours.

General description of the park

The Arkhangelskoye estate is a palace and park complex late XVIII century, on the area of ​​which there are three parks at once, corresponding to different architectural styles. The luxurious Italian terraces are decorated with marble balustrades, statues and flower beds. In a regular French park you can see covered berceau galleries and geometrically trimmed trees. English mesmerizes with its nature; centuries-old trees and bizarre shrubs grow here.

The museum-estate is located in the Moscow region, not far from Krasnogorsk. That is why questions like “Where is the Arkhangelskoye estate located?” How to get there? do not require long explanations.

There are many architectural monuments on its territory:

• small palace "Caprice";
• Grand Palace;
• Temple of Michael the Archangel;
• "Colonnade" (temple-tomb).

These places are perfect for family holidays and romantic walks. On weekends, wedding processions come here and wedding photography takes place. The Arkhangelskoye Estate Museum (photos are in the article) will leave you with many impressions, regardless of the time of year.

History of the museum-estate

The history of the estate goes back almost five centuries. The first mention of these places dates back to 1537, when the estate belonged to the nobleman A.I. Upolotsky and was called Upolozye. Over the centuries, the estate passed from one owner to another. At the end of the 40s of the 17th century, the estate was in the possession of F.I. Sheremetev, then passed to the Odoevsky princes. In the period 1681-1703. the lands belonged to Prince M. Ya. Cherkassky, and after that to the Golitsyn family (1703-1810).

The prince fell out of favor with Empress Anna Ioannovna, was exiled to Moscow and lived in Arkhangelskoye until his arrest in 1736. In 1741, the estate was returned to the prince’s son, Alexei Dmitrievich, and after that the estate passed to Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn. It was he who initiated the construction of a large palace and park ensemble. The architects of the buildings were the Frenchman C. Gern, the Italians Giacomo Trombaro and Giovanni Petondi.

According to the designs of these architects, the following were built:

• terraces with marble balustrades, decorated with flower beds, sculptures and busts of ancient heroes;
• ensemble of buildings "Caprice" with a library, an arena and a garden.

In 1810, the Arkhangelskoye museum-estate was acquired by the famous collector N. B. Yusupov. The prince bought it to store his exhibits, but the war with Napoleon forced him to transfer everything to Astrakhan. Arkhangelskoye itself was subsequently plundered.

After the fire in 1820, the estate was restored again, for which the best architects from Moscow I. Zhukov, E. Tyurin, O. Bove and Giuseppe Artari were invited. After the appearance of the new park, the estate began to be called “Versailles near Moscow.”

Not only famous figures of Russian culture liked to come here, but also members royal dynasty. It was at this time that the Arkhangelskoye estate began to gain popularity, and visitors flocked there en masse.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the architect P. V. Kharko renovated the premises in the estate. Also in 1910, the artist I. I. Nivinsky restored the paintings and grisailles of the main house. And in 1919, the estate received the status of a historical and art museum. In the period from 1934 to 1937, buildings of the Arkhangelskoye military sanatorium were built here.

For 35 years (1945-1980), the CSKA sports club was located on the estate.

Estate "Arkhangelskoye" - how to get to your destination?

As practice shows, you can get to the museum from Moscow without any problems. For example, by public transport running from the Tushinskaya metro station (bus No. 549, taxi route No. 151). If there are no traffic jams, the travel time will be only 30 minutes.

Absolutely different categories of citizens are attracted to the Arkhangelskoye Museum-Estate all year round. How to get there for those who prefer comfort or outdoor recreation in the company of small children? By car you need to drive along the Novorizhskoe highway, then at the junction, 3 km from the Moscow Ring Road, turn onto the Ilyinskaya highway and drive towards Ilyinsky for about another 3 km.

Opening hours and price

The Arkhangelskoye estate is wonderful... How to get to this amazing park was described in detail above, but this, of course, will not be enough for a comfortable visit. In order to avoid annoying mistakes, it is necessary to pay attention to the operating time of the facility.

From May to October, the park welcomes visitors from 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.; exhibitions are open from 10:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. On weekends and holidays- until 18.00

From October to April, the park is open from 10.00 to 18.00, exhibitions - from 10.30 to 16.00. On weekends and holidays - until 17.00.

Non-working days - Mon., Tue., the last Wednesday of each month is a sanitary day.

The cost of entry to the park is 100 rubles

Excursions: Grand Palace - 50 rubles; Colonnade - 80 rubles; Office outbuilding - 100 rubles; Gonzago Theater - 200 rubles (visit only with a tour group). Photography in the museum premises - 50 rubles.

Secrets of the estate

There is a legend that the ghost of N. Yusupov’s daughter Tatyana, who died of tuberculosis in her youth, lives in the estate. At her grave there was a monument in the form of an angel with spread wings, made from After the death of the prince, this statue was moved indoors for safety, but many local residents They claim that they often see a monument on the girl’s grave.

Manor today

Nowadays, the estate has two territories, separated by Ilyinsky Highway. One of them is now fenced and guarded; entrance to it is paid. The other part, including the Gonzago Theater and Apollo's Grove, is free to visit. Afterwards, many palace and exhibition halls, concerts and festivals are held.

Not far from the estate is the Zadorozhny Museum of Technology. And in 2005, next to the estate, it was decided to begin construction of the elite residential complex “Rublevo-Arkhangelskoye”.

Main attractions

The estate is a unique monument to Russian artistic culture. In the Grand Palace, created in the 80s. XVIII century, housed a famous library and Art Gallery Prince Yusupov. At the end of the 18th century, according to the design of D. Trombaro, terraces with balustrades, flower beds and sculptures were built in front of the palace. The palace ensemble surrounds the park.

In the 60s of the 17th century, the Church of the Archangel Michael was built on the site of a 16th-century church. The Gonzago Theater, created in 1817-1818, still has works by the artist P. Gonzago. The Colonnade tomb, which was not used for its intended purpose, was built in 1909-1916. after the death of one of the Yusupov princes.

In 1919, a museum-reserve was created on the basis of the estate, the museum fund of which includes unique collections of paintings of the 17th-19th centuries. foreign and domestic masters, literature and decorative and applied arts.

Festivals and holidays

Every year the Usadba Jazz festival is held here, which delights jazz lovers with a meeting with foreign and Russian musicians. Also at the beginning of June, the first festival “Masterpieces of the Baroque” took place, where classical music. The organizers hope that such concerts will become a tradition.

A huge palace and park ensemble is located near Krasnogorsk. The Arkhangelskoye estate unites several magnificent parks - Italian with numerous terraces and sculptural compositions, French with luxurious galleries and well-groomed plants, as well as landscape English, impressive with its unique beauty.

The estate harmoniously combines the distinctive features of several artistic styles having a common classicist basis. Despite its long history, everything architectural structures and park environment are perfectly preserved. At the moment, the area of ​​the complex is divided into two parts, the larger of which is under protection and requires a fee to visit. The rest of the territory is available to everyone absolutely free of charge.

Historical reference

The first mentions of the Arkhangelskoye estate date back to the 16th century - then it was the estate of Alexei Ivanovich Upolotsky and was located in the recently formed village of Upolozy. A little later, a wooden church of the Archangel Michael was erected here, which was then rebuilt in stone. Subsequently, the estate and the village itself began to be named after the sanctuary. Two centuries later, the estate came into the possession of the Golitsyn family - it was they who initiated the construction of the palace and the arrangement of the park area. Prince Yusupov, who was the next owner of the luxurious building, made this place a center for holding receptions. Emperors, representatives of the nobility, and famous cultural figures came here to have fun. Among the most famous guests are Russian rulers of the 19th century, Alexander Pushkin, Pyotr Vyazemsky, Alexander Herzen.

The Yusupovs were the owners of the Arkhangelskoye estate before October revolution. After the change of power in the country, the palace complex became the property of the Bolsheviks, who decided to open a historical Art Museum. Fortunately, the estate did not suffer the fate of most noble estates of tsarist times, which were systematically destroyed by the communists. The interior of the building was reconstructed, the library was restored and valuable works of fine art were placed. In 1937, several branches of a military sanatorium were opened here.

Main attractions

The large palace, located in the central part of the Arkhangelskoye estate, was designed by the French architect Charles de Guern. In 1780, he began to develop a design for the building, but his plan was significantly changed during construction. The finished building belongs to mature classicism - it has a symmetrical design, which is emphasized by a belvedere and a central four-column portico of the Ionic order. The south side of the building faces the park and is decorated with majestic columns.

The Church of the Archangel Michael is considered the oldest building within the estate. Initially, the structure was built of wood, but in 1667 it was restored at the expense of boyar Odoevsky. Distinctive features of the temple - the unusual diagonal placement of the aisles and the original design of the vaults on two pillars.

The Small Palace "Caprice", built at the end of the 18th century, was initially a one-story pavilion. After some time, it was added with another floor. During the reign of Prince Yusupov, an exhibition of paintings was located here; the descendants of the owner, due to financial problems, were forced to rent out the building. In front of the Caprice there were many statues, busts and vases. In the middle of the 19th century, these products were moved to the upper terrace.

The Yusupov temple-tomb is one of the most elegant examples of architecture in the Arkhangelskoye estate. It was created after a sad incident in the princely family - in 1908, the son of the owner of the estate died in a duel. Due to the high base, it seems that the building is floating above the ground and rushing upward. Wide staircases lead to the portico, large columns support the pediment, and the structure is complemented by a dome mounted on a massive drum. No one is buried in the tomb, because after revolutionary events the descendants of the famous family chose to emigrate. Previously, art exhibitions were held inside, but now concerts are organized.

The temple-monument to Catherine II was erected on the western side of the park in 1819, according to the design of the architect Evgraf Tyurin and the sculptor Jean-Dominique Rachette. The famous Russian ruler appears in the image of the ancient Roman Themis. On the wall behind the figure of Catherine II is a quote from the Renaissance poet Torquato Tasso: “You, whom heaven sent and fate granted, to wish justly and achieve what you want.”

The Gonzaga Theater appeared in the Arkhangelskoye estate in 1817-1818. The start of construction work was initiated by Prince Yusupov, and the building plan was developed by the architect and painter from Italy Pietro di Gottardo Gonzaga. He also made several sets of scenery, four of which have survived to this day.

The “porcelain establishment” was opened by Yusupov in 1818. Founding this enterprise, the prince did not at all want to enrich himself by selling dishes - he presented exquisite sets and various original items as gifts to loved ones. IN modern world porcelain trinkets produced here are of great value to collectors.

The pink fountain is a gazebo built in mid-19th century. It consists of four columns made using soft pink marble, which is why it got its name. The structure is covered with a small dome with a fancy design. In the center of the architectural composition is the sculpture “Cupid with a Swan” by an unknown master of the second half of the XVIII century.

The storeroom over the ravine was erected at the end of the 18th century and is a two-story structure with an arched opening. In 1816, a wooden tower was built above it. Today lectures, concerts, exhibitions and other events are organized here.

Information for tourists

The administration of the Arkhangelskoye estate conducts fascinating and educational excursions for residents and guests of the capital. By visiting this place, you can get acquainted with outstanding examples of culture of past centuries. While touring the park complex, visitors have the opportunity to appreciate the architectural structures, enjoy the landscape design, and see the works of Western European and Russian figures art that lived a couple of centuries ago. Some premises are rented to present the works of contemporary artists. It was created especially for students of general education institutions interesting program, telling about the childhood years of the famous Russian poet Alexander Pushkin.

Collected at the Arkhangelskoye estate unique collection of the rarest books - there are about 16 thousand in total. In addition to tomes, ancient manuscripts, historical papers and photographs are stored here. The number of sculptures, paintings, engravings and other objects of decorative and applied art is amazing. Valuable items were collected by different owners of the estate - Odoevsky, Golitsyn, Yusupov.

Next to the Arkhangelskoye estate there is a health resort, which is ideal for people in need of fresh air and clean nature. Here you have the opportunity to restore your health and have a wonderful rest in comfortable conditions. From the windows of the buildings there is a stunning view of the Moscow River. In summer, vacationers enjoy air and sunbathing on a specially equipped beach. Room rates start from 3,000 rubles per day. The excellent quality of services provided, reasonable prices and polite staff attract not only Russians, but also citizens from neighboring countries.

If you are not interested in excursions, you can walk through the park on your own, feel the atmosphere of antiquity and take amateur photographs. Near the entrance there is a diagram of the estate, and there are also signs for the location of the main attractions. Those who appreciate a quiet time in nature can leisurely stroll along the wide alleys, go down to the river and have a small picnic. It is recommended to visit the estate at the beginning of the week - on Monday and Tuesday the museums are closed, so there are much fewer visitors than on other days. To have time to explore the entire territory and enjoy nature to the fullest, come here early in the morning. There is only one cafe on the territory of the complex, so it is recommended to take care of provisions in advance. In the summer, the Arkhangelskoye estate often hosts open-air classical and jazz music concerts.

To get to the estate, use a personal car or public transport. Buses No. 151, No. 549 and No. 54 go here from the Tushinskaya metro station. If you are coming by car, turn onto Novorizhskoye or Volokolamskoye highway, from where you can get to Ilinskoye highway. “Arkhangelskoye” is located 5 km of this route.

From April to November, the park can be visited from 10.00 to 21.00 on any day of the week. Exhibitions and museums on the territory of the Arkhangelskoye estate are available at this time from 10.30 to 17.00 on weekdays except Monday and Tuesday, until 18.00 on Saturday and Sunday. In winter, the estate is open for inspection from 10.00 to 18.00 on weekdays and an hour longer on weekends. Museums are open from 10.00 to 16.00 from Wednesday to Friday, from 10.00 to 17.00 on Saturday and Sunday. Access to exhibitions is limited to half an hour before closing. The last Wednesday of the month is a sanitary day.

Due to the great popularity of this place, it is better to book excursions in advance. To do this, you need to contact the administration of the Arkhangelskoye estate by phone or email. Excursions for groups are carried out if there are more than 10 people and a free guide.

Single admission ticket to view the park and exhibitions costs 500 rubles, discounted – 300 rubles. Those wishing to simply enter the paid part of the park must pay 150 rubles, for preferential terms- 50 rubles. Professional photography within the estate is carried out only with prior agreement with the administration - to obtain permission, you will need to pay 3,000 rubles.

The name of one of the owners, Alexey Ivanovich Upolotsky, has been known since 1537. In 1646, here in the possession of Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev there was an estate and a wooden church on it. In the 17th century, the Odoevsky princes became its owners. From 1681 to 1703, the estate belonged to Prince M. Ya. Cherkassky. From 1703 to 1810, the estate remained in the Golitsyn family. Since 1703, the estate passed to Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn, who, under Empress Anna Ioannovna, was accused of “criminal intentions” to deprive the empress of power. Exiled to Moscow, he lived mostly in Arkhangelskoye until 1736, when he was arrested. However, in 1741, the estate was returned to his son, Alexei Dmitrievich, after whom it passed to Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn. The latter, during a visit to Paris in 1780, ordered the design of a new palace from a local architect for 1200 livres Jacques-Jaco Guern. Construction began in 1784, presumably, the author of the project did not even come to Russia, and the work was carried out under the direction of another architect. This is indicated, in particular, by the rejection of the basement depicted in Gern’s project and the ring-shaped cylindrical vault around the central support under the front round hall. In the 1790s, according to the design of the Italian Giacomo Trombara (Italian: Giacomo Trombara), two terraces with marble balustrades were built in front of the palace. Flower beds are laid out on the terraces, the balustrades are decorated with vases, statues, busts of ancient gods, heroes and philosophers. The highlight of the newly created park was a small ensemble of buildings called Caprice. It was built by a little-known Italian architect Giovanni Petondi. The complex had library and arena buildings with extremely interesting interiors. The arena had an iron fence with stone pillars decorated with vases. In front of the arena they planned a small garden with a sculpture of Cupid.

In 1810, Arkhangelskoye was acquired by Prince N.B. Yusupov, a famous collector and art lover. He needed the estate to house his valuable collections (among the sculptures was “The Kiss” by Canova). But the war with Napoleon began, and the collections had to be hastily evacuated to distant Astrakhan. The estate was plundered. In addition, in 1820 the estate was damaged by fire. The best Moscow architects I. I. Zhukov, O. Bove, E. D. Tyurin were invited for restoration; Giuseppe Artari re-painted the walls of the dining room (Egyptian Hall), front rooms and other rooms.

A worthy setting for the palace complex was the park, thanks to which the estate is called the “Versailles of the Moscow Region.”

The estate constantly attracted the attention of contemporaries. At various times it was visited by such outstanding figures of Russian culture as the historian and writer N. M. Karamzin, poets A. S. Pushkin and P. A. Vyazemsky, writers A. I. Herzen and N. P. Ogarev, artists V. A. Serov, A. N. Benois, K. E. Makovsky, K. A. Korovin, musicians K. N. Igumnov and I. F. Stravinsky.

Members of the Russian imperial family did not ignore Arkhangelskoye either. Alexander I and Nicholas I, Alexander II and Alexander III, as well as Nicholas II visited here.

After the revolution, the estate was requisitioned; in 1919, the estate was turned into a historical and art museum. Later, in 1934-1937, on the site of the former greenhouses above the Moscow River, buildings of the Arkhangelskoye Central Military Clinical Sanatorium (architect V.P. Apyshkov) appeared, changing the view of the Moscow River valley.

From 1945 to the mid-1990s, the territory of the estate was the base of the CSKA sports club, in particular, the football and hockey teams.

Architectural ensemble of the estate

• Grand Palace (1784-1820s)
• Temple-tomb of the Yusupovs (“Colonnade”) (1909-1916, architect R. I. Klein, with the participation of A. D. Chichagov, G. B. Barkhin; interiors decorated by artist I. I. Nivinsky)
• Holy Gate (1824)
• Mud fence (1826)
• The storeroom above the ravine (late 18th century, rebuilt by O.I. Bove 1816, in 2006 the conference room of the storeroom was equipped with presentation equipment [ the significance of the fact? ])
• Office wing (late 18th century, rebuilt in 1822-1823 according to the design of architect E. D. Tyurin)
• Small Palace "Caprice" (late 18th century, rebuilt in 1817-1818 according to the design of the architect E. D. Tyurin)
• Tea house (after the fire of 1820; before that, from the end of the 18th century - a library)
• Gonzago Theater (1817-1818, architects E. D. Tyurin, V. Ya. Strizhakov and S. P. Melnikov, designed by O. I. Bove)
• Temple-monument to Catherine II (based on the model of M. I. Kozlovsky, Moscow, 1819)
• Pink fountain (1850s)
• Monument to A. S. Pushkin (Kutyrin’s workshop, Moscow, 1903)
• Imperial column in honor of visiting the estate Russian Emperor Alexander I (1816).

The estate today

Currently, the estate is divided into two parts, one of which, including the palace, is fenced, guarded and access to its territory is paid, the second, where the Gonzago Theater and Apollo Grove are located, is not guarded and is open to the public. The Ilyinskoye Highway runs between the territories.

Restoration work is underway at the Grand Palace and the Gonzago Theater. The restored state rooms of the palace (Vestibule, Antechamber, Oval Hall) were opened for excursion visits on April 30, 2009, and the Gonzago Theater from June 10, 2009. The architectural and park ensemble of the estate and an exhibition of paintings by Western European artists of the 18th century are also open for inspection. in the “Colonnade”, in the “Office Wing”, an exhibition dedicated to Yusupov porcelain is preparing to open, which will feature exhibits from 11 leading museums in Russia (opening on April 30, 2009), exhibitions of contemporary artists in the “Pantry over the ravine” and the Lower Hall "Colonnades".

The estate periodically hosts concerts and the “Usadba” jazz festival. Jazz".

Not far from the estate is the Vadim Zadorozhny Museum of Technology. In 2005, it was announced the construction of Russia’s first “city for millionaires” near the estate - the autonomous urban settlement Rublevo-Arkhangelskoye, designed for 30,000 residents with high and ultra-high income.

Director of the Arkhangelskoye State Estate Museum - Vadim Zadorozhny.

Fight for territory

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 3, 1996 No. 388 “On measures for the preservation and further use of the complex of historical and cultural monuments of the Arkhangelskoye estate in the Moscow region”, the territory within security zones The estate was transferred to the joint use of the Arkhangelskoye museum-estate and the Arkhangelskoye Central Military Clinical Sanatorium.

However, before the release of the decree of the government of the Moscow region “On approval of the boundaries of the territory and protection zones of the Arkhangelskoye estate of the Krasnogorsk region” in 2001, the regimes of the protective zones were adjusted so that the historical groves Arkhangelskaya, Zakharkovskaya, Vorontsovskaya, where construction was prohibited, turned into a “regulated zone” development." Moreover, out of the total area of ​​the protected zone - about 800 hectares - federal property was registered only on 62 hectares; the rest of the territory began to be leased, in particular, the Apollo and Goryatinskaya groves (in 2004 they were leased for “cultural and recreational purposes”, and after 4 years they were re-registered: recreation with the right to develop). Rosokhrankultura and the estate museum filed a lawsuit to invalidate the agreements.

On August 16, 2011, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation announced an auction for the sale of a plot of land, 12 hectares of which are included in the security zone of the estate, and 0.8 hectares are located on the territory of the estate. The estate museum's claim to cancel the auction is under consideration. On February 10, the Moscow Arbitration Court invalidated the order of Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov dated June 21, 2011 to put up for auction a plot of just over 20 hectares within the security boundaries of the Arkhangelskoye museum-estate.

On March 25, 2013, the deputy chairman of the Moscow regional branch of VOOPiK, Evgeny Sosedov, complained to him at a meeting with Putin:

Manor in film and television

In 1983, the Arkhangelskoye estate was used for filming of the musical film “The Merry Widow,” an operetta by the Hungarian composer Franz Lehár. The interiors of the estate are clearly visible in the film footage. For example, a view of the lawn in front of the Yusupov Tomb.

see also

Notes

1. Machulsky E. N. Krasnogorsk land. Second edition, expanded and corrected. - M.: Encyclopedia of Russian Villages, 2006. - P. 283. - ISBN 5-88367-004-0.
2. The estate passed as a dowry, first to the daughter of F.I. Sheremetev, Evdokia - to N.I. Odoevsky; then the daughters of Odoevsky (Martha or Praskovya?) - Cherkassky.
3. In literature in Russian he is often called Jean-Jaco Gern, but in the notary records of Paris in 1782 he was recorded precisely as Jacques-Jaco.
4. In 2003, during restoration work, a mortgage board was found under the foundation of the palace, stating that Prince Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn began its construction in 1784
5. Klimenko Yu. G. J.-J. Gern and the architecture of Russian classicism. TO creative portrait French architect // Questions general history architecture. - M. - St. Petersburg. : Nestor-History, 2016. - Vol. 7(2). - pp. 107-127. - ISSN 2500-0616.

The Arkhangelskoye estate is the family estate of two the most ancient families Golitsyn and Yusupov. The Golitsyns come from the family of the Great Lithuanian Duke Gediminas, whose grandson received a place at the court of Moscow Prince Vasily I at the beginning of the 15th century. The Golitsyns owned the estate throughout the 18th and until the mid-19th centuries.

The Yusupovs were descendants of the Nogai Khan Yusuf, one of whose sons distinguished himself in military campaigns with Ivan the Terrible. After the accession to the throne of the first of the Romanovs, Alexei Mikhailovich, the grandchildren of the Nogai ruler converted to Orthodoxy and received the right to be called Yusupov-Princes. It was one of the princes of this family who turned Arkhangelskoye into a flourishing palace in the mid-19th century.

The last owner of Arkhangelskoye, understanding the historical value of the estate for the country, was going to leave it as a gift to the state and indicated this in his will on May 31, 1900. After the Bolsheviks came to power, widespread nationalization began.

No one in those years was interested in the contents of the last will of a representative of the hostile class, and on May 1, 1919, Grand opening already a museum in the estate. In 1937, on the site of the beautiful greenhouse, the buildings of a military sanatorium were built.

The first guides at the Arkhangelskoye Museum, showing luxury items preserved after the revolutionary pogroms, explained to visitors that all this decoration was created by the sweat of workers and peasants who died from hard labor for the benefit of their oppressors.

On the way to the estate, driving along Ilyinskoe Highway from the north, do not forget to visit the largest museum of technology in Russia, Vadim Zadorozhny. Here are vintage cars, motorcycles, military equipment, airplanes and much more.

Origin of the name Arkhangelskoe

Like most famous places, the Arkhangelskoye estate did not get its name right away. Initially, this place was called Upolozye. It is difficult to say for sure where it came from: some claim that the name was given due to frequent landslides in the area, others - in honor of the Moscow nobleman-owner Alexei Ivanovich Upolotsky.

In the 17th century Russian state experienced difficult times - Time of Troubles. With the death of Ivan the Terrible and his sons Fyodor and Dmitry, the reigning Rurik dynasty ended. The boyar families of the Godunovs, Yuryevs, Shuiskys and others began to come to power one by one. Boris Godunov was the first to be elevated to the royal throne, but his reign began with a three-year crop failure, mass famine and popular riots.

As a result of all these events, the country plunged into chaos. False Dmitry I ascended the throne. His reign was not long and after another coup, Vasily Shuisky was elected king. Next came the reign of False Dmitry II, Prince Vladislav and the Seven Boyars.

Villages and villages were sold for pennies, just to get rid of troublesome farming that did not generate income. As a result, Upolozye was bought cheaply by the Kireevsky brothers, and soon resold. For about 20 years, the estate passed from hand to hand and belonged to the Sheremetevs, Odoevskys, Cherkasys and acquired different names.

At the beginning of the 16th century, on the territory of Upolozye there was a wooden church of the Archangel Michael. Under Prince Odoevsky, during times of troubles, instead of a wooden church, a white stone one was erected; according to old parish books, the construction was supervised by the serf architect Pavel Potekhin. The temple is distinguished by the diagonal arrangement of its limits and vaulted, openwork ceilings.

The church was one of the few stone buildings in the area. In the 17th century, the temple was not only a place for church rituals, but also a center public life the whole village. From that moment on, the estate was officially renamed Arkhangelskoye.

Owners of the estate

Arkhangelskoye estate under the Golitsyns

In 1703, the estate changed its owner to the prince - D. M. Golitsyn. Dmitry Mikhailovich was a famous politician and associate young Peter I. Golitsyn began his service in the Preobrazhensky Regiment with the rank of captain, was a confidant of Peter I and after his death became a member of the Supreme Privy Council under Empress Catherine I.

Being an influential statesman and member of the Privy Council, Golitsyn initiated the invitation to the Russian throne of the Duchess of Courland Anna Ioannovna. After the coronation, the new empress dissolved the privy council and ordered all its members to be sent into exile in Siberia.

Remembering that she owed the throne to Golitsyn, Anna Ioannovna ordered Dmitry Mikhailovich to leave for Moscow. Most of the time the prince stayed in Arkhangelskoye. The estate was the dowry of his young wife, Princess Anna Yakovlevna Odoevskaya.

Golitsyn actively studied the works of English and French politicians that era. In Arkhangelsk, Dmitry Mikhailovich placed an extensive collection European literature, more than 5 thousand volumes. The old Russian appearance of the estate did not inspire him, and he decided to rebuild everything.

He started with the construction of the two-story main house and garden, but did not have time to complete the renovation. By order of the empress, he was arrested on charges of preparing a conspiracy in 1736 and placed in a fortress, where he soon died.

With the coming to power of Elizaveta Petrovna, the estate was returned to the son of D. M. Golitsyn, Alexei Dmitrievich. Alexey Dmitrievich did not become involved in landscaping the estate. The grandson of Prince Golitsyn, Nikolai Alekseevich, set out to complete his grandfather’s undertaking and make Arkhangelskoye a model estate.

Arkhangelskoye under Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn

Nikolai Alekseevich received the best education of that time. For three years he traveled different countries Europe, while keeping a personal diary and recording all his impressions. In 1780, while in Paris, the prince bought a palace project from the French architect Charles Gern for 1200 livres.

The construction of the architectural and palace ensemble of Arkhangelskoye began. In 1790, terraces and a balustrade separated by marble were built according to the design of the Italian architect D. Trombaro.

In 2003, restoration work was carried out in Arkhangelskoye, during which a foundation slab was discovered, which stated that the construction of the palace was started by Prince Nikol Golitsyn in 1784. The main balustrade of the estate is decorated with busts and statues of ancient gods, mythological heroes and ancient philosophers.

On the lower terrace there is a fountain in which four babies hug a white-winged swan. The plot of the fountain is consistent with the ancient myth of Zeus, who seduced Leda.

The small Caprice Palace is comfortably located in the park, which before the fire in 1820 had a wonderful library and arena. Caprice was a place of solitude and relaxation from the hustle and bustle of the Grand Palace. Guests gathered here for musical evenings and casual dinners.

It took 25 years to build the palace and park. It is also called the Big House. The building was almost completely completed, with the exception of finishing in some parts, but Nikolai Alekseevich retired and his financial situation did not allow him to complete the work begun by his grandfather. After the death of the prince, his widow decides to sell Arkhangelskoye.

Arkhangelskoe under Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov

Prince Nikolai Borisovich bought Arkhangelskoye for 245 thousand rubles in 1810. At the age of 60, having enormous wealth and influence, he acquired the estate as a work of art. By the way, at that time he already had a large collection of paintings, sculptures, books and other rare artifacts for which he had long been looking for a home.

Several rare books and drawings were the first to be included in Yusupov’s collection, during his studies in Leiden. Among them was an edition of Cicero’s treatises, printed in Venice by the famous Aldus printing house, founded in 1494 by Aldo Manutius.

Prince Yusupov's collection included more than 600 paintings, sculptures, more than 20 thousand books and porcelain. Arkhangelskoye houses paintings by Rembrandt, Claude Lorrain, Antonio da Correggio, Francois Boucher and many other famous artists.

Yusupov had a large number various regalia: director of the Hermitage, chief manager of the Armory Chamber, minister of the Department of Estates, honorary member Russian Academy Artist, director of numerous productions and much more. For the prince, the estate was exclusively a place for entertainment and fun, which he wrote in a letter to the manager immediately after the acquisition.

Under Nikolai Borisovich, the Arkhangelskoye estate was brought to perfection. Famous architects of their time worked on the final image of the estate: O. I. Bove, who also restored the Tainitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, E. D. Tyurin, M. M. Maslov and others. From different cities caravans with books, furniture, and necessary materials flocked here.

During the Patriotic War with the French construction works were suspended and resumed immediately after its completion. Yusupov’s collection of valuables was hastily evacuated to Astrakhan, from where it was returned intact and intact after restoration work was completed. Yusupov, at his own expense, helped restore Moscow to its former appearance after the fire of 1812.

The summer of 1818 was marked for Arkhangelsky by the opening of the theater. The event was witnessed by Emperor Alexander I himself, who arrived on a social visit to the estate. A year later, the small palace “Caprice” was remodeled and a temple-monument to Catherine II was built.

After the death of Nikolai Borisovich, his son, Boris Nikolaevich, received the entire inheritance. Despite the huge fortune of 40 thousand peasants and almost 230 thousand hectares of land, a huge debt was also inherited. To cover it, the prince had to sell a considerable part of the famous estate.

Attractions

The Arkhangelskoye estate is a museum with many masterpieces, and if you want to appreciate all the works of art, then set aside at least a whole day for this. The composition includes a palace ( Big house), the small palace “Caprice”, a theater, a temple-tomb (“Colonnade”), sculptures, paintings, rare books, manuscripts, photographic funds and, of course, a wonderful park.

Theater

The theater in Arkhangelskoye was designed by the little-known architect Pietro di Gottardo Gonzago. He is also the author of the decorations for the entire estate. In the past, Italian architects erected many buildings in Russia. For example, the Moscow Kremlin was designed by Milanese engineers.

Yusupov and Gonzago met at the end of the 18th century. As Catherine II's envoy in Turin, Nikolai Borisovich appreciated the architect's work. Gonzago was a student of the Galliari brothers and a talented decorator at La Scala.

Yusupov invited Gonzago to St. Petersburg, where he became a decorator for the court theaters. Further talented artist began to entrust the decoration of balls, masquerades, coronation celebrations, weddings of members royal families, funeral ceremonies and many other events requiring solemnity. For the Arkhangelsky Theater alone, Gonzago created 12 changes of scenery.

A rare case, but the theater has never been reconstructed since its construction. Its original appearance has been almost completely preserved. But access to the area around the theater and to the theater itself is closed. In the building behind high fence Now there is a commercial organization. Strict private security does not allow outsiders into the territory, although formally, the building is part of the Arkhangelsky Museum-Estate.

The question is, how did it happen that an architectural monument fell into the hands of some commercial organization? The answer is simple - in the 30s, the Arkhangelskoye estate became subordinate to the Ministry of Defense. A military hospital was built on the territory, but architectural monuments were preserved.

But in some “amazing” way, a man who had never even been in the army became the Minister of Defense. The “gentleman” from the tax office almost completely destroyed and sold all Russian army, but they didn’t even cheat him for it, although in any other country a person would have been imprisoned for life, but our court is the most “humane” court in the world.

The death of one of their sons prompted the Yusupov couple (Zinaida Nikolaevna and Felix Feliksovich) to build this monument. Russian engineer R.I. Klein was hired for the design. The construction of the tomb in Arkhangelskoye took about 4 years, but on the eve of the opening of the memorial, the war began and the work was never completed.

Zinaida Nikolaevna wanted the estate to become a burial vault for their family, but this was not destined to come true: after the revolution, the whole family emigrated to France and never returned to their homeland.

The big house (palace) is the main attraction of the estate. The palace is a shining example Russian classicism, popular at that time. Motifs of Roman rule and Egyptian palaces were also used.

Wedding in Arkhangelskoye

Every year dozens of couples come to the estate to capture memorable date in the spirit of the 19th century. The administration gladly accepts newlyweds, but does not do it disinterestedly. Wedding photo shoot in the palace will cost 15,000 rubles. Number of guests – up to 25 people. If your delegation is more than 25 people, then for each you will have to pay the cost of a ticket to the park and the palace.

In addition, you can drive through the Imperial Alley directly in a wedding limousine, but an open carriage with four white horses is ideal for this event. This pleasure costs 3,000 rubles, excluding carriage and horse rental. The ceremony takes place from Wednesday to Sunday from 10:00 to 16:00. Don't forget about prepayment - 7-10 days before the appointed day.

The Yusupov Palace in the Arkhangelskoye Museum-Estate was completely restored inside and now there is a full-fledged collection on two floors. N.A. Golitsyn began building the palace in 1780. The architect was the French architect de Guern. And here there is a mystery. De Gern never visited Russia and his name is mentioned only in connection with the construction of the palace in Arkhangelskoye. So where did this venerable Chevalier disappear to? But, anyway, okay. Let’s not struggle with this riddle, but let’s walk through the first floor today.

01. State dining room or Egyptian hall. The central canvas is "The Triumph of Claudius", G.F. Doyen, 1770


In 1810, N.B. Yusupov purchased the estate for 100,000 rubles. He completed the begun construction by inviting such architects as O.I. Bove, S.P. Melnikov, E.D. Tyurin

02. We can see chandeliers for 18 candles made of gilded and patterned bronze with crystal decoration, Russia 1790-1800

03. Equestrian portrait of Prince B.N. Yusupov in Tatar costume - Unknown artist from the original by Antoine Jean Gros

04. Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Feodorovna - Johann Gottlieb Pullman from the original by Pompeo Girolan Batoni

05. Candelabra made of gilded and patterned bronze with a figure of an Egyptian woman with 7 candles, France, Paris

06. The statues in the spacious lobby in sober colors seem to prepare one for entering the luxury of the Oval Hall and the State Dining Room

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In the Oval Hall, powerful columns made of artificial marble support the choirs running along the perimeter of the hall and the high dome with semicircular arches rising above it. This is the compositional center of the palace and the entire estate. In the middle we see the picturesque ceiling "Zephyr and Psyche" by Nicolas de Courteil, commissioned by Prince N.B. Yusupov in the 1820s

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12. A molded gilded chandelier with 132 candles was placed by the owners of the estate around 1860 for additional lighting during ceremonial receptions. The chandelier, in the form of an openwork bowl with palmettes and mascarons, is suspended on chains from a crown of acanthus leaves and is crowned with a winged figure of the Goddess of Victory.

In keeping with the spirit of classicism, mythological motifs and themes are reflected in the interior decor. Decorative compositions in the choir walls are full of ornamental symbols of nature and abundance, creativity and fun.

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14. Becker piano, 1900s

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The Imperial Hall occupies a special place in the series of ceremonial interiors of the palace. Picturesque and sculptural portraits of the persons of the reigning house, from Peter I to Nicholas I, were mandatory for the home of one of the richest nobles of Russia, collector and patron of the arts, Prince N.B. Yusupov. The appearance of the hall began to take shape in the late 1810s during the era of classicism. By the 1830s, portraits of the royal dynasty were placed here and the name “Imperial” was assigned to the hall.

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20. Front bedroom

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23. Eagle over the bed

Robert Hall (South)

24. Warrior putting on armor - sculptor Emil Wolf, 1832

25. Ruins and bridge - artist Hubert Robert, 1779

26. Antique fountain and pyramid - artist Hubert Robert, 1779

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Antique hall

28. Central canvas “Theseus and Peiristheus” - artist A. Menge

29. Console table with gilded details, with marble stacked tops, Russia, St. Petersburg, design by V. Brenna(?), 1790s. On the table there are candelabra made of bronze and marble in the form of a caryatid figure for one candle, France, Paris, 1790s - 1800s. Table decoration "Ruins", Italy, first half of the 19th century

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35. Table decoration "Ruins", Italy, first half of the 19th century

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Robert Hall (North)

37. Cupid making a bow from the club of Hercules - from the original by E. Bouchardon, unknown author, early 19th century

38. Pavilion of Apollo and obelisk - Y. Robert

39. Out to pasture - Y. Robert

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50. Console table with carved gilded stars. Vases - Russia, early 19th century

51. Shepherd - Yu. Robert

For some reason you can't take pictures of carriages. Yeah...Misha will always find a way to take a photo :)

52. Carriage by Johann Conrad Buckendaal, made for Empress Catherine II. Seven of the nine surviving Boukendaal carriages are made in the classicist style. The carriage in Arkhangelskoye is the earliest of them

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54. Another carriage

55. Travel toilet device

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