Traditional household items of the Tatar people, drawings by children. Tatar customs, holidays and rituals

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

North Kazakhstan State Institute named after. M. Kozybaeva

Faculty of Music and Pedagogy

Department of Pedagogy

REPORT

On the topic: Customs and traditions of the peoples of Tatarstan

Subject: Ethnopedagogy

Performed by:

Student gr. zDOVII-v-12-2

Makhambetova I.

Checked by: Imanov A.K.

Petoropavlovsk, 2013

Customsand traditions of the Tatar people

Tatamry (self-name - Tat. Tatar, tatar, plural Tatarlar, tatarlar) - Turkic people, living in the central regions of the European part of Russia, in the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Xinjiang, Afghanistan and the Far East.

The population in Russia is 5310.6 thousand people (2010 census) - 3.72% of the Russian population. They are the second largest people in the Russian Federation after the Russians. They are divided into three main ethno-territorial groups: Volga-Ural, Siberian and Astrakhan Tatars, and occasionally Polish-Lithuanian Tatars are also distinguished. Tatars make up more than half of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan (53.15% according to the 2010 census). Tatar language belongs to the Kipchak subgroup Turkic group Altai family of languages and is divided into three dialects: Western (Mishar), Middle (Kazan-Tatar) and Eastern (Siberian-Tatar). Believing Tatars (with the exception of small groups- Kryashens, professing Orthodoxy) - Sunni Muslims.

In the life and culture of every people there are many phenomena that are difficult in their own way. historical origin and functions performed. One of the most brilliant and revealing phenomena of this kind are folk traditions and customs. In order to understand their origins, it is necessary, before anyone else, to comprehend the history of the people, their culture, to come into contact with their life and way of life, to try to understand their soul and character. All traditions and customs basically reflect the life of one or another group of people, and they appear as a result of empirical and spiritual knowledge of the surrounding reality. In other words, traditions and customs are those precious pearls in the ocean of people’s lives that they have collected over the centuries as a result of factual and spiritual comprehension of reality. Whatever tradition or tradition we take, having examined its roots, we, as usual, come to the conclusion that it is vitally justified and behind the form, which at times seems pretentious and archaic to us, hides a living, intelligent grain. The traditions and customs of any people are their “dowry” when introduced into the large family of society living on planet Earth. National culture- this is the national memory of the people, what distinguishes given people among others, it protects a person from depersonalization, allows him to feel the connection between times and generations, and receive spiritual support and support in life.

All people have their own customs and traditions, rooted in the distant past and now resurrected in the form of national holidays. The Tatars have two words for the holiday. Religious Muslim holidays are called the word gaet (ayet) (Uraza gaete - a holiday of fasting and Korban gaete - a holiday of sacrifice). And all folk, non-religious holidays are called Beyram in Tatar. What does “spring beauty”, “spring feast” mean?

Like many other peoples, the rituals and holidays of the Tatar people largely depended on the agricultural cycle. Even the names of the seasons were indicated by a representation associated with one or another work: saban?ste - spring, preface to spring; pe?n?ste - summer, haymaking time. Ethnographer R. G. Urazmanova, based on extensive ethnographic material, divides the rituals of the Tatars into two unequal groups: spring-summer and winter-autumn cycles.

Unlike spring and summer, it does not have a clear division, because it is not tied to the folk calendar, but rather to agricultural life. R. G. Urazmanova highlights the following features of this season:

Help. Help with particularly complex work. This was especially noticeable during the processing of slaughtered geese - apparently, where people were invited, even if this was not necessary.

Christmas time. Period winter solstice. Nardugan.

Found everywhere in the Volga region, among the Tatars it was common among the Kryashens and Mishars. Fortune telling was a special element of these holidays.

Maslenitsa. One of the most common holidays among the Kryashens.

In Muslim society, marriage accompanied by the birth of children is a religious obligation, and celibacy is a sad state. The Koran allows a believer to have four wives at a time. In the sura of the Koran, which is called “Women,” it is said: “Marry those who are glorious to you, women - and 2, and 3, and four. And if you are afraid that you will not be objective, then on one...” Socio-economic needs occupy the main place in the legal norms of Shariah relating to marriage family relations. Tatar folk tradition custom

The wife must:

Live in your spouse's home;

Obey his orders, unless they are brainless;

Do not appear in public places without respectful reasons;

Without the permission of the husband, the wife has no right to acquire property or hire servants. It should be noted that an intractable wife cannot claim to be subjugated by her husband during each term until she submits to his freedom. If the wife fails to comply with these requirements, the husband may divorce her and deny her the title. The husband has the right to deprive a disobedient wife of her will and, after exhortations, to subject her to light corporal punishment.

The spouse is obliged:

If a spouse has more than one wife, then he is obliged to give each a separate sleeping area, which has its own separate exit to the courtyard, and, in all likelihood, equally divide his property between them, treating them identically in other respects.

If the husband refuses to cohabitate, the wife can turn to the people's judge, who, however, acts on husbands only with admonition.

The husband is obliged to allow his wife to visit her parents once a week, to visit their children from a previous marriage quite often, and also to allow her to visit and receive her own relatives who are in degrees of kinship.

The husband is not subject to punishment (neither civil nor criminal) for failure to fulfill marital fidelity, with the exception of the case of having a pagan concubine in the same house with his wife. This may be considered as an insult to the religious feelings of the wife, constituting an act of “cruelty”, in the broad sense of the word, justifying the wife for her unwillingness to live with her husband and giving her the right to demand his husband, despite his refusal to live with him.

The husband must treat his wife well and address her in the manner required by tradition.

The husband is obliged to buy his wife different clothes for summer and winter, to wear day and night, as well as all the necessary linen, blankets, pillows, carpets, etc.

National holidays

Spring is the time of awakening of nature, a time of renewal and expectation. A great spring means an excellent harvest, and therefore a successful life.

Boz karau

As in the cultures and traditions of all peoples, Tatar villages were located on the banks of rivers. Consequently, the first “spring feast” (beyram) is associated with ice drift. This holiday is called boz karau, boz bagu - “look at the ice”, boz ozatma - seeing off the ice, zin kitu - drifting ice. All the inhabitants of the village came out to the river bank to watch the ice drift. Young people dressed up and played the accordion. Straw was laid out and lit on floating ice floes.

Another custom was when in early spring children went home to their villages to collect cereals, butter, and eggs. From the products they collected on the street, with the help of older cooks, the children cooked in big cauldron porridge and ate it.

Kyzyl yomorka

A little later, the day of collecting colored eggs arrived. Housewives painted eggs in the evening - more often than each one in the broth onion peel and buns and pretzels were baked in a decoction of birch leaves.

In the morning, the children began to walk around the houses, bringing wood chips into the house and scattering them on the floor - so that “the yard would not be empty” and shouting such chants, say, “Kyt-kytyk, kyt-kytyk, are grandparents home?” Will they give me an egg? Let you have a lot of chickens, let them be trampled by roosters. If you don’t give me an egg, there’s a lake in front of your house, and you’ll drown there!”

Sabantuy

Perhaps the most widespread and now famous holiday includes festivities, various rituals and games. Literally, “sabantuy” means “Plow Festival” (saban - plow and tui - holiday). Previously, it was celebrated before the start of spring field work in April, now Sabantuy is celebrated in June - after the end of sowing.

Sabantuy begins in the morning. Women put on their most wonderful jewelry, ribbons are woven into the horses' manes, and bells are hung from the arc. Everyone dresses up and gathers on the Maidan - a large meadow. There is a lot of fun on Sabantuy. The main thing is the national martial arts - Kuresh. To win it requires strength, cunning and dexterity. There are strict rules: opponents wrap each other with wide belts - sashes, the task is to hang the opponent on your belt in the air, and then put him on his shoulder blades. The winner (batyr) receives a live ram as a reward (according to custom, but now they are more often replaced with other expensive gifts). You can participate and demonstrate your strength, agility, and courage not only in Kuresh wrestling.

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"Fundamentals of Islamic Culture"

Traditions

Tatar people

Traditions of the Tatar people.

Why did I choose this research topic? I am Tatar by nationality.

Every nation has its own features- traditions. The traditions of each nation are certain customs, rituals, social habits and much more inherent to each nation. They came from the depths of our ancestors and were passed on from generation to generation. It is traditions that distinguish one nation from another! I am a Tatar, and I am not indifferent to the history and culture of my people. Therefore, I decided to study the customs, traditions and life of the Tatars using the example of my family. In his research work I will describe the wedding ceremony, naming (“isem kushu”), the holidays of Uraza Bayram, Sabantuy. I’ll tell you about the national costume and traditional Tatar dishes.

I'll start with birth, but not mine, but my family’s, since my parents got married. It is typical that the wedding (“nikah”) was held in the bride’s house. The wedding began with a religious ceremony, a mullah was invited, and he read a prayer. All close relatives of the older generation, both from the groom's and bride's sides, were present at the wedding. At the table, mom and dad were first offered to try a crust of bread, anointed with butter and honey, so that life would be soft and sweet, like honey.

After the feast, the groom's side gave gifts and paid the bride price. After the legal registration of the marriage, the “kilen tosheru” ritual was performed (letting the bride go). The groom's mother (my grandmother) laid a pillow in front of her daughter-in-law (my mother), and the young wife must stand on it and enter the house.

When I was born, according to tradition, a celebration was held. A naming ceremony (“isem kushu”) was carried out. It was carried out with the invitation of the mullah and honorary elders. I was presented to the mullah on a pillow and he, reading excerpts from the Koran, loudly pronounced my name several times. The naming ceremony ends with a meal.

Religious holidayscalled by the word gaet. Uraza gaete is a holiday of fasting, Kurban gaete is a holiday of sacrifice) And all folk, non-religious holidays are called Bayram in Tatar.

My great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers always kept the fast, now my grandparents keep the fast, my parents usually keep the fast for a week. Fasting is complete abstinence during daylight hours from eating, drinking, inhaling tobacco smoke, and drinking alcohol for one month. Fasting teaches kindness, sympathy, and understanding.

70 days after Uraza Gayeta, Kurban Gayeta (sacrifices) or the ritual of gifting to deceased ancestors is carried out. A ram or a cow is sacrificed. Choose so that the legs and horns are not injured.

We always gather as a family at the table on these holidays, prepare treats, and invite guests.

And now I’ll tell you about the most fun and favorite Tatar holiday -

This is Sabantuy. Literally, “Sabantuy” means “Plow Festival” (saban - plow and thuy - holiday). Now Sabantuy is held in June, after the end of sowing. Sabantuy begins in the morning. Everyone dresses up and gathers on the Maidan, a large meadow. This is a very beautiful and good holiday. There is a great variety of entertainment on Sabantui. I visit this festival every year and can list some of the traditional competitions that are held there: 1. National wrestling Kuresh. The fight follows certain rules: the opponents wrap wide belts around each other, the task is to hang the opponent in the air with your sash, and then put him on his shoulder blades. The winner of the kuresh - an absolute hero - receives a live ram as a reward and makes a lap of honor with it on his shoulders. The truth in Lately the ram is often replaced with some other valuable prize– TV, refrigerator, washing machine, or even a car. 2. Horse racing. Interesting point: not only the winner is awarded, but also the one who came last. 3. Running with a spoon in your mouth. But the spoon is not empty, it contains a raw egg, with which you need to run first to the finish line. 4. Another competition in which my friends participated was “break the pot”: participants are blindfolded. They give you a long stick and tell you to break the pot with it.. 5. Climbing up a very high smooth pole, at the top of course, a prize awaits

All participants are awarded with memorable souvenirs, and the winners with prizes. The Sabantuy organization itself contains the principle: “Do not offend, do not insult, do not humiliate a single person. No one should leave with a heavy heart or resentment."

And at this holiday, concerts are organized in which Tatar national and modern songs are played. They are performed by professional and amateur artists.

And what would a holiday be without food! You can taste it there National dishes(bishbarmak, chak-chak, belish) and many other delicious things.

Traditional Tatar costumein all its beauty, grandeur and femininity is a most valuable monument folk art. It reflects the art of cutting, various embroidery, jewelry and leather mosaics.
Like many peoples, the basis of the Tatar costume is a plain, spacious shirt of a tunic-like cut. Dresses were often made with a gathered hem and decorated with wide waves, frills or fringe. As a rule, shirts were not worn separately. Over the dress, it was necessary to wear swinging clothing in the form of camisoles, sewn from heavy silk or velvet fabrics and decorated with ribbon trim.
Due to removable decorations, the costume took on a festive and more noble look. A popular item was an elegant bib that covered the neckline of the dress. A decorative braid was sewn along the rounded side of the bib, on which coins and brooches were attached. The Tatar costume was given a rich look by the baldric, also decorated with various brooches and plaques.

It was common for the Tatars to wear shoes as footwear.ichig (chitek) . Galoshes were everyday shoes. Shoes were considered the go-to shoe. Women's shoes were patterned, often with heels. Shoes with a sharp, slightly raised toe were considered traditional. In winter they wore felt boots, short and high.

Among men's hats, it took a special placeskullcap

The main headdress for women was Kalfak . Muslim women braided their hair in two braids that went down their backs. Bedspreads are more typical for older women. They were different in shape: triangular, square, towel-shaped. Outer headdresses were worn over the bedspreads, holding them firmly on the head. These were different headbands, scarves and hats.Among the Muslim clergy, the Tatars also woreturbans .

Tatar cuisine

The culinary traditions of the Tatars have evolved over many centuries. The composition of the products was primarily influenced by natural conditions and, last but not least, by lifestyle. To this day, in Tatar cuisine there is a wide variety in the recipe for baking from unleavened, yeast, butter, sour, and sweet dough. Such Tatar dishes How kystyby (chebureks), belish, vak belish, echpochmak(kurnik), peremyach (belyashi), gubadia (pie), baursak, chak-chak extremely tasty and known not only to the Tatars. Chak-chak - the pride of the Tatar national cuisine. It is served as a special treat at weddings and receptions.

Conclusion

In the course of researching and studying the traditions of the Tatar people, I learned a lot. I became more closely acquainted with the culture and customs of my people. I learned about various holidays and rituals. Participated in the regional fair “Our Origins” in the category “Costume. Origins style” and learned to cook traditional dishes. And all this thanks to my family, their stories, observance of traditions, desire to preserve and pass on precious experience and knowledge about Tatar culture from generation to generation.

Undoubtedly, our hypothesis was proven. Now, knowing the traditions and customs of my people, I look differently at the people living next to me, at people of other nationalities. I realized that every culture is unique and it is necessary to respect all the nationalities living next to us.

In the future, I would like to continue studying the multifaceted culture of my people, touching on other aspects of its existence.

I am not a believer in the sense of belonging to any denomination. But I honor and respect the customs and rituals of my people. I am skeptical about canonical religious rituals, but out of respect for my relatives and friends I participate in them.

Every nation has its own National holidays. Many of these holidays were born in ancient times - several centuries or even a thousand years ago. Everything around: villages and cities, things, clothes, professions, nature are changing, but folk holidays continue to live. For holidays are holidays of the heart, the soul of the people.
Tatar folk holidays delight people with a sense of gratitude and respect for nature, for the customs of their ancestors, for each other.
Russian word"holiday" comes from the Old Russian porozden, that is, empty. It turns out that a holiday is an empty, unoccupied time, that is, free from work and other ordinary activities. Of course, this is how it is - it’s not for nothing that they say: there are holidays and there are weekdays, ordinary, ordinary days.
The Tatars have two words meaning holiday. Religious Muslim holidays are called the word gaet (ayet) (Uraza gaete - a holiday of fasting and Korban gaete - a holiday of sacrifice). And all folk, non-religious holidays are called beyram in Tatar. Scientists believe that this word means “spring beauty”, “spring celebration”.

Religious holidays are called by the word Gayat or Bayram ( Eid al Adha (Ramadan)- holiday of fasting and Korban Bayram- festival of sacrifice). Muslim holidays among the Tatars - Muslims include collective morning prayer, in which all men and boys participate. Then you are supposed to go to the cemetery and pray near the graves of your loved ones. And the women and the girls helping them at this time prepare treats at home. On holidays (and every religious holiday Previously it lasted for several days) people went around the houses of relatives and neighbors with congratulations. Particularly important was a visit to my parents' home. During the days of Korban Bayram, the holiday, they tried to treat the victims with meat as much as possible more people, the tables remained set for two or three days in a row and everyone entering the house, no matter who he was, had the right to treat himself...

National holidays
Spring is the time of awakening of nature, a time of renewal and expectation. Nice spring- to have a good harvest, and therefore a prosperous life.
Boz karau
According to the old, old tradition, Tatar villages were located on the banks of rivers. Therefore, the first beyram - “spring celebration” for the Tatars is associated with ice drift. This holiday is called boz karau, boz bagu - “watch the ice”, boz ozatma - seeing off the ice, zin kitu - ice drift.
All residents, from old people to children, came to the river bank to watch the ice drift. The youth walked dressed up, with accordion players. Straw was laid out and lit on floating ice floes. In the blue spring twilight these floating torches were visible far away, and songs followed them.
Younger yau
One day in early spring, the children went home to collect cereals, butter, and eggs. With their calls, they expressed good wishes to the owners and... demanded refreshments!
From the collected products on the street or indoors, with the help of one or two elderly women, the children cooked porridge in a huge cauldron. Everyone brought a plate and spoon with them. And after such a feast, the children played and doused themselves with water.
Kyzyl yomorka
After some time, the day came to collect colored eggs. Village residents were warned about such a day in advance and housewives painted eggs in the evening - most often in a decoction of onion skins. The eggs turned out to be multi-colored - from golden yellow to dark brown, and in a decoction of birch leaves - various shades Green colour. In addition, in each house they baked special dough balls - small buns, pretzels, and also bought candy.
The children were especially looking forward to this day. Mothers sewed bags for them from towels to collect eggs. Some guys went to bed dressed and with shoes on, so as not to waste time getting ready in the morning; they put a log under their pillow so as not to oversleep. Early in the morning, boys and girls began to walk around the houses. The one who came in was the first to bring in wood chips and scatter them on the floor - so that “the yard would not be empty,” that is, so that there would be a lot of living creatures on it.
Comic wishes The children's statements to the owners are ancient - as in the times of their great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers. For example, this: “Kyt-kytyk, kyt-kytyk, are your grandparents at home? Will they give you an egg? Let you have a lot of chickens, let the roosters trample them. If you don’t give an egg, there’s a lake in front of your house, you’ll drown there!” The egg collection lasted two to three hours and was a lot of fun. And then the children gathered in one place on the street and played different games with collected eggs.
Sabantuy
But again it becomes ubiquitous and beloved spring holiday Sabantuy Tatars. This is a very beautiful, kind and wise holiday. It includes various rituals and games.
Literally, “Sabantuy” means “Plow Festival” (saban - plow and tui - holiday). Previously, it was celebrated before the start of spring field work, in April, but now Sabantuy is celebrated in June - after the end of sowing.
IN old times They prepared for Sabantui for a long time and carefully - the girls weaved, sewed, embroidered national pattern scarves, towels, shirts; everyone wanted her creation to become a reward for the strongest horseman - the winner in national wrestling or horse racing. And young people went from house to house and collected gifts, sang songs, and joked. Gifts were tied to a long pole; sometimes horsemen tied the collected towels around themselves and did not remove them until the end of the ceremony.
During the Sabantuy, a council of respected elders was elected - all power in the village passed to them, they appointed a jury to award the winners, and kept order during the competitions.
Sabantuy begins in the morning. Women put on their most beautiful decorations, ribbons are woven into the horses' manes, and bells are hung from the arc. Everyone dresses up and gathers on the Maidan - a large meadow.
There is a great variety of entertainment on Sabantui. The main thing is, of course, the national wrestling Kuresh. Usually, two weeks before Sabantuy, the contenders for victory in this competition stopped going out to work in the fields and ate as much fresh eggs, butter, and honey as they wanted, and gained strength to defend the honor of their native village. Winning at Quresh requires a lot of strength, cunning and dexterity. The fight takes place according to strict rules: the opponents wrap each other with wide belts, the task is to hang the opponent in the air with your sash, and then put him on his shoulder blades. The winner of the kuresh - the absolute hero - receives a live ram as a reward and makes a victory lap with it on his shoulders. True, lately the ram has often been replaced with some other valuable prize - a TV, refrigerator, washing machine, or even a car. You can demonstrate your strength, agility, and courage not only in kuresh wrestling.
Traditional Sabantuy competitions:
- Fight with bags of hay while riding on a log. The goal is to knock the enemy out of the saddle.
- Running in sacks. Only they are so narrow that running turns into racing.
- Pairs competition: tie one leg to your partner’s leg – and run to the finish line!
- Hike for a prize along an inclined swinging log. Only real tightrope walkers can do it!
- Squeezing a two-pound weight.
- Game “Break the pot”: participants are blindfolded, given a long stick in their hands and told to break the pot with it. Climbing a very tall smooth pole. There is, of course, a prize waiting at the top.
- Running with a spoon in your mouth. But the spoon is not empty, it contains a raw egg, with which you need to be the first to run to the finish line.
- Horse racing. Participants are young riders 10-15 years old. An interesting point: not only the winner is awarded, but also the one who came last. Indeed, there shouldn’t be any offended or sad people at the holiday!
- Competitions for girls - who can cut the noodles faster and better, who will bring the most water.
And what would a holiday be without food! Here and there you can taste shish kebab, pilaf, homemade noodles (lyakshya) and traditional Tatar treats: echpochmak, bishbarmak, chak-chak, balish, pyamyacha.
After the general sabantuy on the Maidan, the fun continues in the houses - and guests are sure to be invited, because a holiday without guests is considered a sign of unsociability among the Tatars.

Rituals of the Tatars at the birth of a child
The birth of a child was accompanied by a number of mandatory rituals that had both purely ritual and practical significance. IN late XIX- early 20th century in most cases, childbirth took place midwives- ebi (literally - grandmother), bala ebise (midwife), kendek ebi (literally - umbilical grandmother). Cases of children being born in the home with the help of a midwife were still quite common in the 40-50s of the 20th century. The occupation of midwives was called ebilek. But in case of urgent need and in the absence of ebi, the closest older relatives of the woman in labor could also give birth.
As soon as the child was born, the midwife, cutting and tying the umbilical cord, washed the baby and wrapped him in the father's undershirt. This was believed to help establish a strong relationship of mutual respect and love between father and child. Then the ritual of avyzlandyru (meaning: give a taste) was performed. A kind of pacifier was made for the newborn - a lump of bread chewed with butter and honey was wrapped in a thin cloth and given to suck. Sometimes they simply coated the child’s mouth with oil and honey or a honey solution - zemzem su. The ritual was accompanied by traditional wishes for happiness, health, abilities, and prosperity to the newborn.
The next day they organized babyai munchasy (literally - children's bathhouse). After the household visited the bathhouse, when it became cool, the midwife helped the young mother wash herself and bathe the baby.
A few days later, in the house where the child was born, the ceremony of isem kushu (naming) was held. They invited the mullah and guests - men from among the family's relatives and friends. The mullah opened the ceremony with a traditional prayer, then a child was brought to him on a pillow, and he turned to the Almighty, urging him to take the newborn under his protection. After this, he whispered the azan (call to prayer for devout Muslims) into the baby’s ear and pronounced the name of the newborn. Children's names were, as a rule, chosen by mullahs who had special calendars - name books. Since ancient times, they have been dominated by names from religious canonical legends. It was believed that the future of the baby and its fate depended on the name. The choice depended on many reasons. In poor families, they tried to choose a name that symbolized wealth and prosperity; if the child looked weak, they chose a name that reflected the strength of spirit and body, etc.
The ancient communal traditions of the Tatars include the ritual of treating babyai ashy (mae). Over the course of several days, friends, neighbors and relatives of the young mother came to visit her and brought treats and sometimes gifts. Byabyai ashy (may) still exists.

Tatiana Litvinova

The idea of creating an ethnographic museum came to me a long time ago, but was realized only a few weeks ago. My entire team worked on its creation. I present to you the result of our creativity.

main idea museum- developing children's respect for the historical past Tatarstan.

Museum has its own program and is designed for 3 age groups.

Upon entering museum The children are greeted by the stove. on which they see national dishes and utensils.

Chicken is being cooked in a cauldron.

Next to the stove, on the bench - Tatar accordion and spinning wheel.

A boy in national clothes sits on a homespun carpet and leafs through a book by G. Tukay.

Table set for dinner. Knitted Tatar I have already shown you the kitchen more than once.

Bed with many embroidered pillows Tatar ornament.

National clothes Tatar woman.

In the chest, children can see scarves, embroidered towels, homemade tablecloths, shoes and jewelry.

At the exit from the hut, we organized a small barnyard, in which a small bull and a chicken stand on real hay.

Laying hen is one of my latest knitted projects.

We have not forgotten that in the old days there was no running water. and children will be very interested to learn about how and with what help they used to carry water into the house.

There are vegetables in a box in the corner. Each family had its own supplies!

We really wanted that in our museum children were not passive observers, but would become curious “why” students.

Publications on the topic:

Our children live in the twenty-first century. This is a time of advanced innovative technologies and computerization. As they say now - “a step.

With the goal of educating preschoolers as socially and culturally adapted citizens who love and know their land and are great patriots.

Every nation has its own cultural traditions that are honored and passed on from generation to generation. We must not forget about the past: about our own.

Our group has organized a special corner (mini-museum) to introduce people to the origins of Russian folk culture. To replenish the mini-museum widely.

As part of the project of the entire complex "Culture and Traditions of the Peoples of Russia" we chose for our senior group culture of the Tatar people, how.

Scenario of the Tatar folk holiday “Goose Festival” Municipal budget preschool educational institution Child Development Center - kindergarten No. 242 “Sadko” Goose Festival “Kaz.

Poems for children from the Russian-Tatar collection “Otrada” (Kazan, 2005) The poems presented in this book were written by me at the age of 13-16 years. ELEPHANT Once upon a time there lived a fat elephant. He kept a fashionable salon. They came.

General characteristics of the Tatar people and population

It is not without reason that the Tatars are considered the most mobile of all known peoples. Fleeing crop failure in their native lands and in search of opportunities to establish trade, they quickly moved to the central regions of Russia, Siberia, the Far Eastern regions, the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Donbass steppes. IN Soviet time this migration was especially active. Today, Tatars live in Poland and Romania, China and Finland, the USA and Australia, as well as in Latin America And Arab countries. Despite such territorial distribution, Tatars in each country try to unite into communities, carefully preserving their cultural values, language and traditions. To date, the total number Tatar population is 6 million 790 thousand people, of which almost 5.5 million live in the territory Russian Federation.

Main language ethnic group– Tatar. There are three main dialectical directions in it - eastern (Siberian-Tatar), western (Mishar) and middle (Kazan-Tatar). The following subethnic groups are also distinguished: Astrakhan, Siberian, Tatar-Mishar, Ksimov, Kryashen, Perm, Polish-Lithuanian, Chepetsk, Teptya. Initially, the writing of the Tatar people was based on Arabic script. Over time, the Latin alphabet began to be used, and later the Cyrillic alphabet. The vast majority of Tatars adhere to the Muslim religion; they are called Sunni Muslims. There is also a small number of Orthodox Christians called Kryashens.

Features and traditions of Tatar culture

The Tatar people, like any other, have their own special traditions. So, for example, the wedding ceremony assumes that their parents have the right to negotiate the wedding of a young man and a girl, and the young people are simply informed. Before the wedding, the size of the bride price, which the groom pays to the bride's family, is discussed. Celebrations and feasts in honor of the newlyweds, as a rule, take place without them. To this day it is accepted that it is unacceptable for the groom to enter parents' house brides for permanent residence.

Cultural traditions and especially in terms of educating the younger generation from the very beginning early childhood The Tatars are very strong. The decisive word and power in the family belongs to the father, the head of the family. That is why girls are taught to be submissive to their husbands, and boys are taught to be able to dominate, but at the same time be very attentive and careful towards their spouse. Patriarchal traditions in families are stable to this day. Women, in turn, love to cook and revere Tatar cuisine, sweets and all kinds of baked goods. A richly laid table for guests is considered a sign of honor and respect. The Tatars are known for their reverence and immense respect for their ancestors, as well as for older people.

Famous representatives of the Tatar people

IN modern life I hear quite a lot of people from this glorious people. For example, Rinat Akhmetov is a famous Ukrainian businessman, the richest Ukrainian citizen. The legendary producer Bari Alibasov, Russian actors Renata Litvinova, Chulpan Khamatova and Marat Basharov, singer Alsou. The famous poetess Bella Akhmadulina and rhythmic gymnast Alina Kabaeva also have Tatar roots on their father's side and are honored figures of the Russian Federation. One cannot help but recall the first racket of the world – Marat Safin.

The Tatar people are a nation with its own traditions, national language and cultural values, which are closely related to the history of others and more. This is a nation with a special character and tolerance, which has never initiated conflicts on ethnic, religious or political grounds.