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DECISION of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 12/29/2010 189 ON APPROVAL OF SANPIN 2-4-2-2821-10... Relevant in 2017

Modern scientific research It has been established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in children school age falls within an interval of 10 - 12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of material is observed at the lowest psychophysiological costs for the body.

Therefore, in the lesson schedule for students of the 1st stage of education, the main subjects should be taught in 2-3 lessons, and for students of the 2nd and 3rd stages of education - in 2, 3, 4 lessons.

The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week.

Therefore, the distribution of the teaching load during the week is structured in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. On these days, the lesson schedule includes subjects that correspond to the highest score on the difficulty scale (Table 1, 2, 3 of this appendix) or with an average score and the lowest score on the difficulty scale, but in more than on other days of the week. Presentation of new material, test papers should be carried out in 2 - 4 lessons in the middle of the school week.

Subjects that require a lot of time to prepare at home should not be grouped together on the same day.

When drawing up a lesson schedule for students in primary, middle and high schools, it is necessary to use tables 1 - 3, in which the difficulty of each academic subject is ranked in points.

With a correctly drawn up lesson schedule, the highest number of points per day based on the sum of all subjects should fall on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.

Table 1

Scale of difficulty of objects for grades 1 - 4

table 2

Scale of difficulty of academic subjects studied in grades 5 - 9

STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
RATING OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RULES
AND STANDARDS

EDUCATION

SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
TO THE ORGANIZATION OF TRAINING AND PRODUCTION
PROCESS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
PRIMARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RULES AND STANDARDS

SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03

Ministry of Health of Russia
Moscow

1. Developed by: Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents NTsZDRAMN - (L.M. Sukhareva, V.R. Kuchma, E.I. Shubochkina, N.G. Samotolkina, S.S. Molchanova, A.V. Kulikova, B.Z. Voronova, N.A. Sukhorukova); Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (G.G. Yastrebov, E.A. Geltishcheva, I.I. Ponomarenko, A.V. Istomin, N.I. Novichkova starring Yu.P. Syromyatnikova, N.A. Tsirkova, T.A. Shabolina); Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A.G. Sukharev); Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A.Ya. Polyakov, T.L. Giguz, B. C.Malyarevich);Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (B.G. Bokitko, V.N. Bragina).

3. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor Russian Federation January 26, 2003

4. Entered into force on June 20, 2003 by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2003 No. 2.

5. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 11, 2003. Registration number 4204.

6. Introduced to replace the “Sanitary rules for the design and maintenance educational institutions vocational education systems” approved by the USSR Ministry of Health on January 28, 1980 No. 2149-80.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation
“On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population”
No. 52-FZ of March 30, 1999

“State sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter - sanitary rules) -normative legal acts, establishing sanitary and epidemiological requirements (including criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans, hygienic and other standards), non-compliance with which creates a threat to human life or health, as well as a threat to the emergence and spread of diseases” (Article 1).

“Compliance with sanitary rules is mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs legal lindens" (Article 39).

“For violation of sanitary legislation, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established” (Article 55).

“Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, in accordance with the activities they carry out, are obliged to:

comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, as well as resolutions, instructions and sanitary and epidemiological conclusions of officials carrying out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision” (Article 11).

"1. In preschool and other educational institutions, regardless of organizational and legal forms, measures must be taken to prevent diseases, preserve and strengthen the health of students and pupils, including measures to organize their nutrition, and comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation.

2. Programs, methods and modes of education and training, technical, audiovisual and other means of education and training, educational furniture, as well as textbooks and other publishing products are allowed for use if there are sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on their compliance with sanitary rules” (Article 28).

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

01/28/03 Moscow No. 1

About cancellation SanPiN2149-80

I DECIDE:

1. From the moment the sanitary rules “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in primary educational institutions” came into force vocational education. SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03”, from 06.20.03, consider the “Sanitary rules for the design and maintenance of educational institutions of the vocational education system”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health on 01.28.80, No. 2149-80, to be no longer in force.

G. G. Onishchenko

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

CHIEF STATE SANITARY DOCTOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

01/28/03 Moscow No. 1

On the introduction of sanitary and epidemiological
rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03

Based on Federal Law“Sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” No. 52-FZ"dated March 30, 1999 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650) and the Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000. No. 554 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation 2000, No. 31, Art. 3295)

I DECIDE:

1. Introduce sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in educational institutions of primary vocational education. SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03”, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on January 26, 2003, since June 20, 2003.

G.G. Onishchenko

"APPROVED"

Chief State Sanitary

Doctor of the Russian Federation, First

Deputy Minister of Health

Russian Federation

G.G. Onishchenko

2.4.3. INITIAL PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS
EDUCATION

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements
to the organization of training and production
process in educational institutions
primary vocational education

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03

1.General provisions and scope

1.1. These Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Standards (hereinafter - sanitary rules) developed in accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999. No. 52-FZ, “Sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”, Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 No. 554.

1.2. Sanitary rules establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in educational institutions of primary vocational education, regardless of the form of ownership and departmental affiliation.

1.3. These sanitary rules are mandatory for all legal entities and individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction, operation of institutions of primary vocational education, training and education of adolescents, as well as for bodies and institutions carrying out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

1.4. These sanitary rules apply to all types of primary vocational education institutions, regardless of the profile and level of training.

2. Requirements for device, content, organization educational process in primary institutionsvocational education

The design and construction of new, reconstruction of existing (current) educational institutions of the primary vocational education system are carried out taking into account the requirements of these rules.

Temporary use of buildings and structures for educational institutions of primary vocational education, as well as the commissioning of constructed and reconstructed buildings is permitted if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on compliance with sanitary rules.

2.1. Requirements for land plot

2.1.1. Institutions of primary vocational education (hereinafter referred to as “NGO institutions”) are located on an independent plot of land.

2.1.2. Location of NGO institutions, incl. including recreation areas, sports grounds and sports facilities for teenagers, is not allowed in the territories of sanitary protection zones.

2.1.3. The land plot should be allocated taking into account the wind rose, on the windward side from sources of noise and pollution atmospheric air and compliance with the necessary sanitary protection zones.

2.1.4. Sanitary gaps of NGO institutions from industrial, municipal, agricultural facilities, transport roads and highways are accepted in accordance with the requirements for the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.

2.1.5. Trunk engineering communications for urban (rural) purposes (water supply, sewerage, heat supply, electricity supply) should not pass through the territories of NGO institutions.

2.1.6. The dimensions of land plots should be taken in accordance with the requirements for planning and development of urban and rural settlements(Table).

Table 1

Sizes of land plots in different types NGO institutions

Note. INThe indicated plot sizes do not include areas of dormitories, experimental fields and training grounds.

2.1.7. The following zones should be provided on the land plot: educational, industrial, sports, economic, and, if there is a dormitory for students, residential.

2.1.8. It is advisable to place the dormitory on a single site with the academic building.

2.1.9. The utility zone must be isolated from other areas of the site, located at the entrance to the production premises and have independent access to the street.

2.1.10. In institutions of research and development in agriculture and other profiles related to the development of vehicles, an educational zone should be provided outside the main site to accommodate buildings and structures for the repair, testing and maintenance of vehicles.

2.1.11. In institutions of non-profit construction industry, automobile, railway, water transport, mining industry, agriculture, training grounds should be organized on or near the sites (no more than 30 minutes of walking distance). The area of ​​training grounds is not included in the standardized site size and is determined by technological requirements.

2.1.12. The green area of ​​the land plot must be at least 50% of the area of ​​the plot. To avoid shading, trees should be planted at a distance of at least 15 m, shrubs - at least 5 m from the windows of classrooms.

2.1.13. Educational buildings are located with a distance from the red line of at least 25 m in cities and 10 m in rural villages.

2.1.14. All entrances and approaches to the building within the site, the territory of the utility yard are asphalted or other hard covering is provided.

2.1.15. The site has a fence with a height of at least 1.2 m. In the evening, artificial lighting of 10 lux on the ground is provided on the site.

2.2. Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions of buildings, structures and individual premises

The number of students in primary vocational education institutions should not exceed the capacity provided for by the project for which the building was built or adapted. The maximum capacity allowed is no more than 1000 students. In accordance with the hygienic requirements for learning conditions, the size of the study group should not exceed 25 people.

Educational buildings have a height of no more than 4 floors and have the following groups of premises: general education (classrooms, laboratories of chemistry, physics, biology, etc.),professional training, sports and assembly halls, a library, administrative offices, warehouses and support rooms, a dormitory and a canteen.

The composition and area of ​​the premises must comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules.

When an educational institution is located in an adapted building, the set of premises and their area are determined based on the number of students, the need to organize the educational process in general education and specialized subjects, and practical training in the specialty.

The mutual arrangement of individual groups of premises provides a convenient functional connection between each other and the zones of the site, creating optimal conditions for organizing the educational process and recreation. The educational premises are isolated from the training and production workshops of the sports hall.

Training and production premises, a gym and a dining room should be allocated into separate blocks connected by a passage to the main building.

Educational rooms, laboratories, workshops, canteens, cafeterias and medical offices should not be located in the basements and ground floors of buildings.

2.2.1. General education classrooms

2.2.1.1. The composition of educational premises includes the following main groups: classrooms and laboratories of the general education cycle, group and lecture-stream classrooms, computer science and computer science classrooms.

2.2.1.2. The area of ​​educational premises must meet the requirements for public buildings and structures (table).

Table 2

Area of ​​main classrooms

2.2.1.3. Educational premises include: a work area (placement of study tables for students), a teacher’s work area, additional space for placing educational visual aids, technical means training (TSO).

Double student laboratory tables (with and without an extension) are installed in the students’ area; with power supply (physics laboratory); supply of water, compressed air and gas (chemistry laboratory), taking into account the requirements of organizing the educational process. The chemistry laboratory is equipped with fume hoods, which are located at the end wall near the teacher’s desk.

2.2.2.Professional premises

2.2.2.1. Premises of the professional cycle include premises intended for the study of special subjects in the selected training profile, educational laboratories, office-laboratories (table), training and production workshops.

2.2.2.2. Depending on the capacity of the school, they provide lecture halls for 2 - 4 groups, the area of ​​which is taken at the rate of 1.2 m 2 per seat. The lecture halls should not have a length of more than 10 m.

2.2.2.3. The height of theoretical classrooms from floor to ceiling is at least 3.3 m, laboratories with large equipment - 4.2 m.

2.2.2.4. The professional cabinets have additional space for the display of bulky equipment (assemblies, mock-ups, models, simulators, miniature polygons, samples, etc.).

2.2.2.5. With a longitudinal configuration of the training room, the equipment display area is located at the rear end wall, with a square or transverse configuration - at the side wall opposite the window openings.

2.2.2.6. Laboratories and offices for special subjects (testing of materials, special technologies and materials science, underground transport equipment, electronics and semiconductor devices, construction machinery, etc.) should have an area of ​​83-88 m2, and for offices with large equipment - 98-108 m2.

2.2.2.7. For each laboratory or two similar laboratories and two adjacent classrooms, a laboratory area of ​​at least 15 m2 is equipped.

2.2.2.8. The area of ​​training and production workshops is taken at the rate of 1 place, depending on their capacity (for 15 and 25 people): metalwork - 5.4 and 4.5 m 2, respectively, metalwork and tools - 7.2 and 6.0 m 2, metalwork - assembly - 8.0 and 7.2 m2, turning, milling, mechanical - 12.0 and 10.8 m2, electric gas welding - 12.0 and 9.6 m2, electric welding - 9.0 and 7.5 m 2, electrical installation - 6.0 and 4.0 m2, mechanical woodworking - 12.0 and 10.0 m2, fitters of large equipment and pipelines - 10.0 and 8.0 m2.

2.2.2.9. Assembly training workshops have assembly booths measuring 1.5 × 1.5 m; workshops where electric and gas welding is carried out, cabins with an area of ​​4 m2 each with movable side partitions 2 m high.

2.2.2.10. Workshops for welding work, assembly workshops where metal cutting and chopping is carried out, as well as workshops and laboratories with large and heavy equipment,with large, material-intensive work objects, they are isolated from other workshops and located on the 1st floor. At the welding workshop, a laboratory is organized to control and mechanical tests of welding seams.

2.2.2.11. Composition and area of ​​educational production premises, in addition to those indicated above, should be adopted according to the technological design standards of organizations in the relevant industries and other sectors of the economy, taking into account the additional allocation of space for the installation of equipment used for educational purposes.

2.2.2.12. Depending on the profile of NGO institutions, production training workshops have warehouses or premises for storing tools, equipment, blanks, raw materials and finished products.

2.2.2.13. The tool storage room has an area of ​​0.05 m2 per student, but not less than 15 m2

2.2.2.14. The technical control department has an area of ​​0.04 m2 per student.

2.2.2.15. Warehouse premises should be at least 6 m long and have an area of ​​0.2 - 0.3 m 2 per 1 machine station.

2.2.2.16. A repair shop and a sanitary unit with wardrobes, showers and washbasins should be provided.

2.2.2.17. Laboratories and workshops should not be located in basements and ground floors, as well as above classrooms.

2.2.3. Equipment requirements

2.2.3.1. The student's workplace in classrooms, offices and laboratories is equipped with tables and chairs taking into account body length (with shoes) depending on the purpose of the classroom. Benches, stools, and chairs without backs should not be used in classrooms and laboratories. Furniture dimensions are given in table..

Table 3

Furniture dimensions and markings according to GOST “Student tables” and “Chairs” student"

2.2.3.2. The arrangement of educational furniture should be carried out in compliance with a visibility angle of at least 35° (the angle formed by the surface of the board and the outermost workstations on the first tables).

2.2.3.3. With a longitudinal configuration of the classroom, students' desks are arranged in 2 - 3 rows perpendicular to the wall with window openings so that the main light flux falls to the left of the students. The width of the passages, starting from the wall with light openings, is 0.6 m for the first, second and third rows, for the last row between the internal longitudinal wall and the second and third rows of tables - 0.5 - 0.7 m. From the last tables to the back wall ( partitions) - not less than 0.65 m*. In the 1st climatic region, the distance from the wall with windows to the first row of tables is at least 1 m. The distance between the first tables and the board is 2.4 - 2.7 m. The greatest distance last place from the teaching board - 8.6 m.

* In “reversible” classrooms (the last desks enter the classroom), the distance between the wall and the workplace should be 1.2 m.

2.2.3.4. In classrooms with a square or transverse configuration, study tables are placed in 3-4 rows, and the distance from the first tables to the blackboard is at least 3.0 m.

2.2.3.5. In laboratories, tables are placed in two rows. The distance between the rows of tables is 1.0 m, and in the drawing and painting rooms - 0.7 m.

2.2.3.6. Equipment in workshops is placed perpendicularly or at an angle of 30 - 45° to the light-carrying wall (with a distance between rows of machines of 1.2 m, and between machines in rows - at least 0.8 m).

2.2.3.7. Workplaces in general theoretical, general technical and special classrooms and laboratories are equipped with double student tables; in drawing rooms and rooms equipped with video display terminals and personal electronic computers (PCs) - single.

2.2.3.8. The teacher's workplace is equipped with a table and chair. Depending on the purpose of the classroom, the teacher’s area is equipped with tables in accordance with the requirements: tables for the teacher, demonstration tables with and without a control panel.

2.2.3.9. In laboratories and special technology classrooms, teacher tables are installed on a podium 15 - 30 cm high.

2.2.3.10. IN educational process stationary and mobile technical training aids (TTE) should be used. Mobile TSOs should be installed on portable and folding or mobile stands in accordance with the requirements for stands for technical training aids.

2.2.3.11. Training devices used for mastering complex professions (mining, chemical, metallurgical industries, transport, construction, agriculture, etc.) are placed in separate rooms or complexes of training rooms.

2.2.3.12. Cabinets foreign language equipped with language receptive (listening by students using headphones) and receptive-reproductive (listening with subsequent playback) installations.

2.2.3.13. Language labs are equipped with half-booths. The teacher's desk has a control panel. The language lab is equipped with modern audio equipment.

2.2.3.14. Chemistry laboratories are equipped with fume hoods in accordance with the requirements for demonstration and laboratory fume hoods.

2.2.3.15. In the absence of built-in cabinets, teaching aids are stored in wall cabinets equipped in accordance with GOST on cabinets for teaching aids. Wall cabinets should be located in a laboratory or training room.

2.2.3.16. Training workshops should have an area, volume and equipment that corresponds to technological processes and ensures the creation of optimal conditions for the educational and production activities of adolescents.

2.2.3.17. All equipment, incl. and mechanical processing, which is a source of dust and gas emissions, must be equipped with local exhaust ventilation.

2.2.3.18. Each workshop is equipped with cabinets for storing work clothes and washbasins with hot and cold water supply (at least 2 washbasins per workshop). The dimensions of cabinets and their quantity should be taken in accordance with the requirements for administrative and domestic buildings.

2.2.3.19. In a separate workshop building, a dressing room for outerwear, showers, washrooms, toilets, drinking water supply facilities are provided, and, if necessary, a room for issuing special clothing and personal protective equipment. The area of ​​dressing rooms, premises for storing work clothes, showers and toilets is taken in accordance with the requirements for administrative and domestic buildings.

2.2.3.20. Multi-station welding units are installed only in a separate room, isolated from other training rooms.

2.2.3.21. Workplaces for gas welding are located in isolated cabins equipped with a welding table, a chair and a container of water for cooling the torch.

2.2.3.22. Electrical installation workshops where soldering is carried out are equipped with tables with a metal coating measuring at least 300´ 300 mm, devices for placing and securing elements and soldering units.

2.2.4. General and special purpose premises

2.2.4.1. The assembly hall at NGO institutions is designed for one-time temporary stay of at least 60% of the total number of students.

2.2.4.2. The area of ​​the assembly hall should be taken at a rate of at least 0.65 m2 per seat.

2.2.4.3. Training and sports halls should be located on the ground floor. The number and types of gyms are determined depending on the type of institution and its capacity. Squares9 gyms accepted´ 18 m, 12 ´ 24 m, 18 ´ 30 m with a height of at least 6 m.

2.2.4.4. The halls include equipment rooms and an instructor’s office. physical education, household premises: changing rooms for men and women with an area of ​​at least 10.5 m2 each; separate showers with an area of ​​9 m2 each; latrines with an area of ​​8 m2. The entrance to the gym from dressing rooms (dressing rooms) should be provided directly or through a separate corridor.

2.2.4.5. The design and layout of the pool must meet the hygienic requirements for the design, operation and water quality of swimming pools.

2.2.4.6. The library premises consist of a reading room and a book depository. The total area of ​​the library should be taken at the rate of 0.6 m2 per student.

2.2.4.7. The storage area of ​​open storage library collections is at least 4.5 m 2 per 1 thousand storage units.

2.2.4.8. The medical center of the institution includes:

· a doctor’s office with an area of ​​at least 21 m2 (the length of the office is at least 7 m for the ability to determine visual and hearing acuity);

· treatment room with an area of ​​at least 12 m2;

· dentist's office with an area of ​​12 m2.

At the medical station there should be a toilet for 1 toilet with a washbasin in the airlock.

2.2.4.9. The service and household premises include dressing rooms, linen, sanitary and hygienic premises and a rest room for canteen staff.

2.2.4.10. The educational building provides restrooms and washrooms for students on each floor and in individual blocks of the building.

2.2.4.11. On each floor there are sanitary facilities for teenagers of both sexes, equipped with cubicles with doors without locks. The number of sanitary fixtures is set at the rate of: 1 toilet per 20 girls, 1 washbasin per 30 girls; 1 toilet, 0.5 tray urinal and 1 washbasin for 30 young men. For girls, personal hygiene rooms are organized at the rate of 1 cabin for 70 people with an area of ​​at least 3 m2.

2.2.4.12. For staff, a sanitary unit is installed on each floor, equipped with 1 toilet and 1 washbasin (withwalking on floors for men and women). For the processing and storage of cleaning equipment, the preparation of detergents and disinfectants, on each floor of the educational building there are rooms equipped with a tray, cold and hot water, natural exhaust ventilation, the walls are lined with glazed tiles to a height of 1.5 meters.

2.2.4.13. Dormitories of NGO institutions must meet the requirements for the design, equipment and maintenance of dormitories for workers, students, students of secondary specialized institutions and vocational schools.

2.2.5. Dining room premises

Lost power.

2.3. Requirements for water supply and sewerage

2.3.1. The building of the educational institution must be equipped with running water, hot water supply and sewerage.

2.3.2. Water supply and sewerage must be centralized.

2.3.3. Institutions must be provided with good quality water that meets sanitary requirements.

2.3.4. The use of filters for drinking water purification must be agreed with local centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

2.3.5. Hot water supply must be provided to the production premises of the catering unit, showers, washrooms, hygiene cabins for girls, and medical rooms.

2.3.6. In non-sewered areas, institutions must be equipped with internal sewerage, subject to the installation of local treatment facilities.

2.4. Requirements for indoor environmental conditions

2.4.1.Natural lighting

2.4.1.1. Educational, industrial, recreational, residential and other premises with permanent residence of students have natural light.

Without natural lighting it is permissible to design: squat rooms, washrooms, showers, restrooms at the gymnasium; showers and staff restrooms; storerooms and warehouses (except for premises for storing flammable liquids); radio centers; film and photo laboratories; book depositories; boiler rooms, pumping water supply and sewerage systems; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other rooms for installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; rooms for storing disinfectants.

2.4.1.2. The main system of natural lighting in classrooms is the lateral left-hand one. The direction of the main light flux should not be in front or behind the students. When the depth of classrooms is more than 6 m, right-side lighting is required.

In training and production workshops, assembly and sports halls, lighting systems are used (lateral - one, two- and three-sided) and combined (top and side). The choice of lighting system is determined by the nature of visual work, the dimensions of the room and equipment, the characteristics of the light climate, etc. For workshops with great depth, the best systems should be considered double-sided and combined (in one- and two-story buildings).

The direction of light from the side windows is work surface, as a rule, left-sided. In metalworking and turning workshops, the direction of light from the side windows is on the right (this ensures the least shading from the body of the worker and the bulky left part of the lathes).

2.4.1.3. In classrooms, the coefficient of natural light (NLC) should be 1.5% at a distance of 1 m from the wall opposite the light openings, in technical drawing rooms - 2.0%. In the gym, with side lighting - 1.0%, with overhead and combined lighting - 3.0%.

2.4.1.4. Educational and production workshops and workplaces for students at KEO enterprises are provided in accordance with the characteristics of visual work in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting. In premises specially designed for work or industrial training of adolescents, the normalized value of KEO increases by one category and must be at least 1.0%.

2.4.1.5. The unevenness of natural lighting in educational and industrial premises should not exceed 3:1 (the ratio of the average KEO value to the smallest within the characteristic section of the room). The orientation of the windows of classrooms should be to the southern, southeastern and eastern sides of the horizon. The windows of drawing and painting rooms, as well as the kitchen room, can be oriented towards the northern sides of the horizon; The orientation of the computer room is north, northeast.

2.4.1.6. The brightness ratio in the field of view should not exceed 3:1 - between the notebook and the table surface; 10:1 - between the notebook and the wall; 1:3 - between the chalkboard and the wall and 20:1 - between the light opening and the wall.

2.4.1.7. For painting and finishing the surfaces of the interior and equipment of educational premises and training and production workshops, diffusely reflective materials in a light range of colors should be used: the ceiling and upper part of the walls, doors and window frames should be painted in White color, walls in light yellow, light blue, light pink, beige, light green colors with a reflectance of at least 0.6 - 0.7; tables in light green and natural wood colors with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.5; blackboards in dark brown or dark green colors with a reflectance coefficient of at least 0.2; The floor is in light colors with a reflection coefficient of 0.4 - 0.5.

2.4.1.8. In educational and industrial premises, indoor flowers should be placed in hanging pots in the walls between the windows or on stands with a height of 65 - 70 cm of the floor.

2.4.1.9. Window glass must be cleaned at least twice a year.

2.4.1.10. Artificial lighting should be turned on when the level of natural light on tables away from window openings drops below 300 lux.

2.4.1.11. Light openings in classrooms are equipped with adjustable sun-protection devices such as blinds, plain fabric curtains in light colors that match the color of the walls. When not in use, curtains must be moved into the walls between the windows. Curtains made of polyvinyl chloride film are not used.

2.4.2.Artificial lighting

2.4.2.1. Artificial lighting of educational, training and production and auxiliary premises must meet the requirements for natural and artificial lighting. For educational and industrial premises, industry standards for artificial lighting are additionally used.

The designed indoor lighting installations provide standardized levels of illumination and indicators of lighting quality (discomfort indicator and pulsation coefficient).

2.4.2.2. In classrooms, classrooms, and laboratories, the illumination levels are: on work tables - 300 - 500 lux; on a chalkboard - 500 lux; in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux; in rooms with VDTs and PCs on tables - 300 - 500 lux; in gyms on the floor - 200 lux; in recreation on the floor - 150 lux.

In classrooms with technical teaching aids, when using television and graphic projection, if it is necessary to combine the perception of information from the screen with recording, the illumination on the desktop should be at least 300 lux.

The illumination on the desktop during slide and film projection should be 500 lux and can be created by a system of “functional” artificial lighting with a “dark corridor” in front of the screen or by using one local lighting.

2.4.2.3. Fluorescent lighting is provided in classrooms (incandescent lamps are allowed). LB fluorescent lamps should be used; LHB and LETs lamps can be used. Me Fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps should be used in the same room.

For general lighting of educational premises (offices, classrooms, laboratories) fluorescent lamps should be used: LSO02-2´ 40, LPO28-2 ´ 40, LPO02-2 ´ 40, LPO46-4 ´ 18-005, other lamps of the type shown with similar lighting characteristics and design can be used.

2.4.2.4. In classrooms, fluorescent lamps with ballasts (ballasts) with a particularly low noise level are used.

2.4.2.5. The required number of lamps and their placement in the room is determined by lighting calculations, taking into account the safety factor in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

In classrooms, lamps with fluorescent lamps are placed parallel to the light-bearing wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner wall. The blackboard is equipped with spotlights and illuminated by two lamps of type LPO-30-40-122 (125), located 0.3 m above the upper edge of the board and at a distance of 0.6 m in front of the blackboard towards the classroom.

They provide for separate switching on of lamps or individual groups of them (taking into account the placement of educational and technological equipment).

2.4.2.6. Working artificial lighting in training and production workshops and enterprises is designed in two systems: general (uniform and localized) and combined (local is added to the general).

2.4.2.7. When performing work indoors I - IV discharges, a combined lighting system should be used. The illumination of the working surface created by general lighting lamps in a combined system must be at least 10% in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

For general lighting in a combined system, predominantly fluorescent lamps should be used regardlessdepending on the type of local lighting source. For local lighting, fluorescent or incandescent lamps should be used.

2.4.2.8. Light levels at certain types works performed by teenagers are presented in appendix. .

2.4.2.9. The choice of a light source should be made taking into account the characteristics of visual performance, level of illumination, requirements for color discrimination in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

2.4.2.10. For general local lighting of industrial premises with specific environmental conditions (dusty, humid, explosive, fire hazardous, etc.), lamps are used in accordance with their purpose and lighting characteristics.

2.4.2.11. Illumination unevenness (the ratio of maximum to minimum illumination) should not exceed 1.3 for work I - III discharges from fluorescent lamps; with other light sources - 1.5; for works IV - VII categories - 1.5 - 2.0, respectively. For industrial premises in which work is carried out I - IV discharges, a limitation of reflected brightness should be provided.

2.4.2.12. Cleaning of dust from general lighting fixtures should be done at least 2 times a year; replacing burnt out lamps as they fail. Students are not involved in this work. Faulty and burnt-out fluorescent lamps are collected and stored until delivery in places inaccessible to students.

2.4.3. Requirements for air-thermal conditions

2.4.3.1. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning in NGO institutions should be provided in accordance with the requirements for public buildings and structures.

2.4.3.2. Air is removed from classrooms and offices through a natural draft exhaust ventilation system. Through open windows (transoms, casement windows) the classroom is ventilated before classes, during each break, after classes, and also at the end of training sessions.

The greatest efficiency is achieved with through ventilation. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions. During training sessions, recreational areas are ventilated.

2.4.3.3. The area of ​​transoms and windows in classrooms is at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and windows must function at any time of the year.

2.4.3.4. The supply of fresh air to the production premises of the catering unit should be provided through the dining room. The volume of supplied air must be at least 20 m 3 /ch per seat in the dining room.

2.4.3.5. Mechanical exhaust ventilation is provided for the following groups of premises: classrooms, laboratories, assembly halls, swimming pools, dining room, first-aid post, dressing room, cinema equipment room, sanitary units, rooms for processing and storage of cleaning equipment.

2.4.3.6. In laboratories, training and production workshops, workplaces at enterprises where training is carried out, at machines and mechanisms, work on which is associated with the allocation harmful substances, dust, increased heat, general and local mechanical ventilation is equipped to ensure the parameters of factors and the level of substances within limits not exceeding established hygienic standards.

2.4.3.7. In welding workshops, work tables are equipped with local suction with air suction in the overall section at a speed of 5 - 6 m/s. Air removal must be compensated by a full air supply. The air flow should be dispersed.

2.4.3.8. When electric welding non-fixed workplaces, the room is equipped with general supply and exhaust ventilation based on the air exchange for the most toxic component, depending on the electrodes used.

2.4.3.9. Electrical assembly tables are equipped with local suction on a rotary swivel joint with a speed in the overall section of 5 - 6 m/s.

2.4.3.10. Metal cutting is carried out on a cutting table that has an exhaust from below from under the grate at a rate of 0.7 m/s from the open surface of the table.

2.4.3.11. The premises of installation workshops are equipped with general supply and exhaust ventilation with air exchange rate calculated for the amount of incoming pollutants (dust, gas and heat).

2.4.3.12. The air temperature should be:

· classrooms, laboratories 18 - 20 °C with conventional glazing, 19 - 21 °C with strip glazing;

· educational workshops - 15 - 17 °C;

· training hall, lecture hall, singing and music class, club room - 18-20 °C;

· in display classes must be observed optimal temperature air within 19-21 °C, permissible 18-22 °C, with relative humidity 62-55 and 39-31%, respectively;

· in the gym and rooms for sectional classes - 15 - 17 °C, in the locker room at the gym - 19 - 23 °C, in medical rooms - 21 - 23 °C;

· in the library, in the lending rooms, in the book processing and acquisition room - 17 - 21 ° C;

· in the living rooms of the hostel - 18 - 20 °C, in the washrooms - 20 - 23 °C, in the showers - not lower than 25 °C, in the lobby and wardrobe - 16 - 19 °C.

2.4.3.13. The values ​​of microclimate indicators in the production premises where students are practicing should not exceed the permissible parameters in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the air of the working area. In the presence of thermal radiation, the air temperature at students’ workplaces should not exceed the parameters of optimal values ​​for warm period of the year.

2.4.3.14. Production practice in open areas during the cold season should not be carried out with the microclimate parameters indicated in Table. .

Table 5

Microclimatic conditions under which industrial practice is not carried out

2.4.4.Noise and vibration

2.4.4.1. In order to reduce the impact of noise on students, it is necessary to apply a set of noise protection measures.

2.4.4.2. When approving projects of NGO institutions, design organizations must submit acoustic calculations for noise reduction in classrooms, including reverberation time (sound attenuation).

2.4.4.3. The reverberation time in rooms for theoretical classes, workshops, gyms, and canteens should not exceed 1 s. The frequency response of the reverberation time in the range of 250 - 400 Hz should be smooth, and at a frequency of 125 Hz the decline in reverberation time should be no more than 15%.

2.4.4.4. The gym and workshops should be allocated in a separate block or extension to the academic and theoretical building.

2.4.4.5. Classrooms are not designed above and below gym, above and below the workshops, if the process of production training is accompanied by noise and vibration.

2.4.4.6. One workshop is separated from another by a solid partition with increased sound insulation capacity or by auxiliary rooms (toolroom, room for workpieces, etc.).

2.4.4.7. In recreational premises, gymnasium, classrooms, workshops and other premises with increased levels noise, the ceiling should be lined with sound-absorbing materials (such as acmigran, perforated tiles or perforatedrated panels, etc.) with maximum sound absorption in the frequency range 63 - 8000 Hz.

In rooms where work is carried out accompanied by noise, the walls are not lined with sound-reflecting materials ( ceramic tiles etc.) and are not painted with oil paints.

2.4.4.8. When classrooms and teaching staff's offices are located adjacent to or in close proximity to the premises of workshops and training workshops, increased demands are placed on design solutions regarding sound insulation. The entrance to the office is equipped with a vestibule with the installation of double doors with gaskets (rubber or other) that contribute to their tight seal.

The doors of all classrooms, workshops and production premises are tightly closed.

2.4.4.9. In a sports hall, physical training bridges designed for repulsion when jumping must have shock-absorbing pads (rubber, felt or other material). Classes for two groups in the same gym are not carried out simultaneously.

2.4.4.10. Workshops should be equipped with equipment whose noise characteristics meet hygienic requirements. Documents for equipment must contain information on the frequency characteristics of sound pressure levels in octave bands with a geometric mean value from 62.5 to 8000 Hz and sound levels of the machine idle.

2.4.4.11. Heavy equipment (units, machines, etc.) is installed on the first floors on a special foundation that is not connected to the foundation of the building. If it is impossible to use foundations for machines, they are installed on shock-absorbing pads or special spring devices. Tabletop machines are installed on shock absorbing pads.

2.4.4.12. In order to prevent increased noise generation, timely repair of machines and their replacement should be monitored.

2.4.4.13. When organizing industrial training for teenagers, one should be guided by hygienic criteria for acceptable conditions and types of work for vocational training and labor of adolescents and instructions for the prevention of neblapleasant effects of industrial noise on the body of adolescents.

2.4.4.14. The presence of teenagers in conditions of noise exceeding the standard level is limited (Table).

Table 6

Notes

1. After the permissible work time and noise conditions have expired, teenagers are transferred to another job without exposure to noise levels that are elevated for teenagers.

2. When working in noise conditions exceeding 70 dBA, it is necessary to introduce 15-minute breaks after 45 minutes of work with rest in a quiet room.

3. With pulsed noise, the operating duration according to age should be an order of magnitude lower than the values ​​​​indicated in the table, i.e. at L eq. I = 70 dBA I for 14 - 15 year olds - 3.5 hours. etc.

4. Staying of teenagers in noise conditions for more than the time indicated in the table without the use of protective equipment is not allowed.

2.4.4.15. If it is impossible to carry out measures to reduce production noise to acceptable levels (70 dBA), collective means are used (soundproof cabins and remote control etc.) and individual (anti-noise headphones, anti-noise earplugs, anti-noise helmets, helmets) protection.

2.4.4.16. General vibration levels in classrooms for theoretical classes, including lecture halls, conference rooms, reading room libraries should not exceed the values ​​​​specified in table. .

Table 7

Permissible vibration values ​​for vibration velocity in classrooms

2.4.4.17. During production practice, the levels of process vibration of category 3 at workplaces must correspond to the maximum permissible values. The working time in such conditions for teenagers over 16 years of age should not be more than 4 hours a day.

2.4.4.18. When undergoing practical training on transport and transport-technological machines, the vibration levels of which do not exceed standard ones (1st and 2nd vibration categories), adolescents who have reached the age of 16 can study for no more than 4 hours a day.

When vibration levels of the indicated categories reach the value of working conditions class 3.1, the time of industrial training is limited to 1 hour per working day.

2.4.4.19. During production practice, at a level of local vibration that corresponds to standard values, adolescents who have reached the age of 16 can study for no more than 4 hours a day.

At local vibration levels reaching the value of working conditions class 3.1, the total training time (on equipment that is a source of local vibration) is limited to 1 hour per day.

2.4.4.20. Industrial practice of adolescents under 18 years of age under the influence of transport, transport and technologylogical and local vibration is not allowed in harmful conditions labor above the 3rd class of the 1st degree of harm.

2.4.5.Selection of jobs for industrial training

2.4.5.1. Industrial training and practice in the first year of study are carried out mainly in workshops of NPO institutions or training workshops that meet hygienic requirements, with the widespread use of simulators, training grounds and technical training facilities.

2.4.5.2. If an NGO institution does not have the necessary base, industrial training can be carried out in organizations provided that conditions are provided that meet regulatory requirements for adolescents, with the exception of training in professions included in the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in which the employment of persons under 18 years of age is prohibited.

2.4.5.3. Industrial practice at enterprises of various industries in professions included in the above list is allowed for students over 16 years of age, provided:

· restrictions on the length of the working day for students (no more than half the working day for adult workers);

· exclusion of certain types of work and conditions prohibited for the use of minors;

· under working conditions that do not exceed the parameters of class 3.1 conditions according to the hygienic criteria for assessing and classifying working conditions.

2.4.5.4. For industrial training, special areas or workplaces are allocated for the most modern technology and closed production processes, high level of mechanization, meeting the requirements sanitary standards and rules for relevant industries, safety and labor protection requirements.

2.4.5.5. Students are not used in auxiliary work that is not included in the vocational training program, and also associated with the constant transfer and movement of heavy loads.

2.4.5.6. (Deleted. Change No. 1)

2.5. Requirements for sanitary facilities

2.5.1.Maintenance of premises and area

2.5.1.1. All premises of NGO institutions and the site are kept in order and clean: in offices, classrooms, laboratories, auditoriums and other premises, daily wet cleaning is carried out open windows or transoms and vents (depending on weather conditions).

2.5.1.2. General cleaning of premises is carried out once a month using not only detergents, but also disinfectants. For these purposes, disinfectants approved in accordance with the established procedure are used.

2.5.1.3. Glass and window frames are cleaned 2 times during school year.

2.5.1.4. Cleaning of offices, laboratories, auditoriums and other premises is carried out after the last call, corridors and recreational premises - after each of the breaks; dining room - after each meal; the vestibule and cloakroom - after the start of classes and as they become dirty during the day; assembly hall, study rooms and administrative and utility rooms - at the end of the day, and also as needed. The gym is aired and wet cleaned after each lesson. Cleaning the mats (knocking out) should be done outdoors at least once a week and cleaned daily with a vacuum cleaner (or wiped with a damp cloth).

2.5.1.5. Toilets and washrooms are cleaned daily. The floors are being washed warm water using detergents and disinfectants after each break at school; in the hostel - throughout the day as it gets dirty. Toilets are washed daily with warm water and detergents. In order to remove uric acid salts, once a week you should wash the toilets with brushes using products containing hydrochloric acid (sanitary, sanitary, etc.), followed by copious rinsing with water.

2.5.1.6. Students are not involved in cleaning toilets.

2.5.1.7. Cleaning equipment (rags, buckets, brushes) are labeled and stored in areas designated for these purposes. After cleaning, all equipment should be washed with hot water using detergents.

2.5.1.8. To collect household waste in the yard, waste bins of the type accepted for the area are installed on concrete areas. Carry out regular removal of solid household waste.

2.5.1.9. The area of ​​NGO institutions is systematically cleaned: in summer, paths, sidewalks, and driveways are watered and swept; in winter - freed from snow and ice.

2.5.1.10. The sports area of ​​the site is kept clean and cleaned as necessary.

2.5.1.11. In early spring and late autumn, the area is cleaned, dry trees and branches, and young growth are cut down. The territory is not littered and warehouses are not arranged in the wrong place.

2.5.1.12. Cosmetic repairs using paints and varnishes and major repairs are not carried out during the operation of an NPO institution.

2.5.2. Sanitary provision for students during on-the-job training and practice

2.5.2.1. In training and production workshops, a drinking regime must be organized to ensure the safety of the quality of drinking water, which must meet the requirements of sanitary standards.

2.5.2.2. Training and production workshops are provided with ordinary or special detergents (cleaning agents), brushes, towels or devices replacing them, as well as products personal protection in accordance with the profile of the specialty being mastered.

2.5.2.3. Training and production workshops provide first aid kits necessary for first aid, dressings, stretchers with a recorded address and telephone number of the nearest medical institution where medical care can be provided.

2.5.2.4. Training and instruction of students should be carried out taking into account the age characteristics of adolescents, taking into account the tendency to underestimate potential dangerous situations and lack of necessary skills and experience. Responsibility for timely and complete instructions on labor protection and safety measures for students in the workplace lies with the administration of educational institutions and enterprises.

2.5.2.5. When undergoing practical training, students comply with the rules of industrial sanitation and hygiene provided for by industry standards. sanitary rules and occupational health and safety regulations.

2.5.2.6. During practical training, students are provided with individual protective equipment: overalls, safety shoes, goggles, masks, noise protection, helmets, hard hats and others according to the standards established for these professions. Students are not allowed to work without appropriate protective clothing and safety devices.

2.5.2.7. When undergoing practical training, students are provided with detergents, as well as products used to protect and cleanse the skin according to the standards established for workers.

2.5.2.8. When undergoing practical training at a regular workplace in organizations with the presence of industrial hazards, students, like regular workers, must use the provided food, medical care, etc.

2.5.2.9. During practical training, students have access to all sanitary facilities of the organization (dressing rooms, linen rooms, showers, toilets, women's personal hygiene rooms, dining rooms, rooms for heating and rest, medical office, etc.).

2.5.2.10. The conditions for practical training are documented in an agreement between the administration of the NGO institution and the organization.

2.6. Requirements for organizing the training and production process

The construction of a hygienically rational educational and production process is based on compliance with the total educational and production load age characteristics and the capabilities of the students’ bodies. Optimal mode, ensuring high performance, maintaining and strengthening health, provides for the necessary alternation of work and rest, a change of different types of activities, a certain duration of study and work for adolescents of different ages taking into account the learning conditions, efficient use free time, means of physical education, etc.

2.6.1. Requirements for organizing training and production classes

2.6.1.1. The educational and production load should not exceed 36 hours (academic) per week and 6 hours per day.

2.6.1.2. When undergoing practical training in organizations, the length of the working day depends on age and, in accordance with labor legislation, for teenagers under 16 years old - 4 hours a day (24 hours a week), from 16 to 18 years old - 6 hours a day (36 hours a week). At the age of 18 years and older - no more than 40 hours per week. Industrial practice when mastering professions included in the list of prohibited persons under 18 years of age from employing labor is organized in accordance with clause.

2.6.1.3. The duration of breaks during classes is at least 10 minutes. Students' rest during breaks between classes is carried out in recreational or specially designated premises, and in cases where weather conditions permit, in the fresh air. For meals, students are provided with a break of at least 45 minutes.

2.6.1.4. The structure of the working day during practical training ensures a gradual transition from the school and NGO establishment regime to the work regime in production. To do this, at the first stage, the duration of which depends on the duration of training and profession, ten-minute breaks are provided every 50 minutes of work, at the second stage after 1.5 - 2 hours, and at the final stage of production practice, the work regime of teenagers is brought closer to the work regime of adult workers, with an earlier lunch hour. break (after 3 hours of work).

2.6.1.5. When choosing a mode of educational and production activities, a differentiated approach is carried out taking into account the nature of the profession being mastered:

· acquiring professions not associated with exposure to significant occupational hazards, the best option The training mode is such that in the first year two days of practice are separated by one, maximum two days of theoretical classes; on II course, it is advisable to conduct industrial training over double days; on III The course allows structured days of industrial training, as well as alternating days of theoretical and practical classes in various combinations;

· During a one-and-a-half-year training period (on the basis of general secondary education), a regime with a uniform alternation of theoretical and practical classes every other day is rational; in the second half of the year it is also possible to use a regime with three days of practice, two of which can be double;

· when mastering professions prohibited for the employment of persons under 18 years of age (mentioned in paragraph), in order to reduce the time students spend in production conditions, it is advisable to use a regime that involves alternating theoretical and practical classes throughout the day;

· industrial practice for I and II training courses are not recommended to start earlier than 8 a.m., and on III course and one-year departments - earlier 7 hours 30 minutes; training on the evening shift is undesirable due to the late finishing of work; on the night shift it is prohibited by law.

2.6.1.6. All provisions for organizing the work and rest regime are reflected in the agreement on the practical training of students, which is concluded between the establishment of the NGO and the organization.

2.6.1.7. When drawing up a schedule, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of students’ performance, the degree of difficulty of mastering educational material(app.):

· Classes on difficult-to-master subjects of theoretical education should be conducted on days and hours of students’ higher performance, alternating them with classes on other subjects: on Monday or Saturday it is recommended to include in the schedule no more than two lessons on difficult-to-master subjects, on days of high performance (Tuesday, Wednesday) - three. four;

· 2-4 hours should be allocated for studying theoretical subjects of the vocational and technical cycle, since classes in this cycle are more tiring for students than in general education subjects, especially in the first year of their study;

· at the initial stage of mastering professional skills, it is necessary to allocate days of high efficiency for industrial training (except Mondays and Saturdays);

· classes in one subject should be conducted at intervals of one or two days, but not less than once every 3 days;

· it is necessary to provide for the alternation of general education, general technical and special subjects during the school day; Double lessons are allowed in all subjects, except for physical education lessons in the halls. The operating mode on the displays is organized in accordance with sanitary rules.

2.6.1.8. The class schedule is set for at least six months and is not changed in order to develop a stable stereotype of activity among students, ensuring the successful assimilation of educational material and practical skills.

2.6.1.9. Textbooks and manuals used in the educational process must meet the requirements of sanitary regulations.

2.6.2.Organization of physical education

2.6.2.1. The leading principles of physical education of students are to ensure the biological need of the adolescent’s body for movement, amounting to 10 - 12 organized physical activities per week, and the professional-applied orientation of all forms of physical education: lessons, classes in sports sections for the development of professionally significant functions (app.).

2.6.2.2. Based on the medical examination data, all students are divided into three medical groups for physical education: basic, preparatory and special. Students who have not passed the medical examination are not allowed to participate in classes.

2.6.2.3. The main form of physical education is physical education lessons, which are recommended to be included in the curriculum for at least 4 hours per week.

2.6.2.4. In the class schedule, physical education lessons are evenly distributed across the days of the week. Ski lessons and classes in swimming pools are held 1-2 times a week for 90 minutes.

2.6.2.5. To organize swimming lessons, it is necessary to use pools that meet regulatory requirements.

2.6.2.6. Physical education lessons are conducted taking into account the age and gender characteristics of students; it is advisable to conduct classes separately for boys and girls if there are more than 8 adolescents of the same sex.

2.6.2.7. Sportswear and shoes must correspond to the temperature conditions, time of year, type sports activities.

2.6.2.8. Ski training lessons are not conducted at temperatures below - 20 °C without wind and at temperatures below - 18 °C with wind, swimming lessons - at water temperatures below 18 °C.

Classroom time is not used for transferring students to the place where lessons are held.

2.6.2.9. It is recommended to organize weekly optional (additional) physical education and sports classes in the amount of 2 - 4 hours to optimize the weekly volume of organized physical activity of students.

Study groups for extracurricular activities are formed from students who are not involved in sports sections, numbering at least 25 people.

The implementation of an additional program is also carried out by holding health days, hiking trips, sports Olympiads, sports competitions and others. sporting events.

2.7. Requirements for catering

Lost power.

2.8.Organization of medical support

2.8.1. NGO institutions staff doctors and paramedical workers in accordance with current standards in the field of healthcare.

2.8.2. Applicants to NGO institutions undergo preliminary medical examinations in accordance with the established procedure. The composition of the commission, the scope of research and the conclusion on suitability for training in the chosen specialty are determined by the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

2.8.3. Students under 18 years of age are subject to annual periodic examinations.

2.8.4. Before starting practical training in organizations and institutions whose employees, due to the nature of their work, are subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations, students undergo examinations in the manner established for these contingents.

2.8.5. If a pathology is identified that prevents the continuation of mastering the chosen specialty, students are transferred to study in another specialty in accordance with their state of health or expelled from educational institution mandatory recommendations for choosing a different training profile or rational employment.

2.8.6. The administration and teaching staff organize and carry out work on hygiene education and education of students, developing skills healthy image life with the participation of medical workers of medical institutions, centers of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

2.8.7. Medical examinations of kitchen workers, teachers and educators are carried out in accordance with the established procedure.

2.9. Requirements for compliance with sanitary rules and regulations

2.9.1. In accordance with Federal Law No. 52-FZ of March 30, 1999 “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population,” the institution must have sanitary rules, as well as other regulatory documents taking into account the profile of preparation for professions. The head of the NGO institution is responsible for the implementation of these sanitary rules.

2.9.2. The medical staff of the NGO institution carries out daily monitoring of compliance with sanitary rules.

2.9.3. Supervision over the implementation of these sanitary rules is carried out by the territorial centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

2.9.4. For violation of sanitary legislation, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established.

2.9.5. The head of the institution is obliged to organize production control, incl. through laboratory research and testing, compliance with sanitary rules and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.

Annex 1

Artificial light levels at various types visual work performed by teenagerswhen using fluorescent lamps

· Share of total lighting at specified types visual work of adolescents is at least 50%.

· When using incandescent lamps, illumination standards are reduced by 1 - 2 levels of the illumination scale, depending on the accuracy of the work according to SNiP on natural and artificial lighting.

Appendix 2

Grouping subjects according to the degree of difficulty of mastering educational material

First degree of difficulty - educational disciplines, the study of which requires students to be able to operate with abstract concepts, the ability to assimilate the essence of phenomena, laws, categories, and also to remember a large amount of factual material: mathematics, physics, history, social studies, language learning.

Second degree of difficulty - subjects in which the proportion of abstract concepts is significantly reduced compared to the academic disciplines of the first group, while students must learn laws and facts, which introduces some diversity into the nature of their mental activity: chemistry, special technology, etc.

Third degree of difficulty - items of applied nature; When studying them, students, using the well-known laws of theory, learn factual material: materials science, organization and technology of work, etc.

Fourth degree of difficulty - subjects, the study of which, in addition to mental labor, requires a significant amount of physical action: physical education, initial military training.

Appendix 3

Recommendations for organizing physical education of students in NGO institutions

1. It is recommended that the daily routine of an NGO establishment reflect the physical education and health activities that should be organized during the school day - gymnastics before classes, physical education lessons, outdoor recess, extracurricular activities, section schedules.

2. Before starting theoretical classes or practical training, gymnastics is carried out daily in order to speed up the body’s ability to adapt. The duration of classes is about 10 minutes. Both general developmental and special gymnastic exercises are used for those muscle groups that are mainly involved in the upcoming work. Classes are conducted in classrooms or workshops under the supervision of a teacher (master).

3. Physical education breaks lasting 3 - 5 minutes are carried out during theoretical training in the middle of the third and fifth lessons in order to relieve fatigue, improve blood circulation and breathing of the students. During industrial training in workshops or basic enterprises, physical training breaks are also carried out in the second half of classes in order to relieve fatigue and increase the body’s performance.

In the presence of unfavorable production factors (noise, vibration, dust, gas pollution, microclimate), the physical training break is carried out outside the production area, i.e. in places specially designated for recreation.

4. A moving break lasting at least 20 minutes is carried out after two lessons of theoretical training. The organization and conduct of the recess is entrusted to the head of physical education and the teacher who conducted the previous lesson. The purpose of the classes is to optimize the motor mode and prevent overfatigue of students.

5. When organizing a physical education lesson lasting 45 minutes, 8 - 15 minutes are allocated for the preparatory part, 25 - 30 minutes for the main part, and 3 - 5 minutes for the final part. The motor density of the lesson should be 60 - 80%. In the main part of the lesson they askphysical activity at a heart rate level of 170 - 180 beats/min. 20 - 40% of the total lesson time is allocated to professional applied physical training (PPPT).

6. It is recommended to conduct 1-2 specialized physical education lessons per week with high intensity load (motor density 80-100%) and selective focus on the development of key professionally significant functions characteristic of the profession being mastered.

7. For the period of practical training and vacations, the head of physical education of an NGO institution gives students “ homework" For independent studies physical exercise. Assignments must be related to the curriculum, specific and verifiable.

8. The teaching staff of the NGO institution creates positive motivation among students for regular physical education and sports during extracurricular hours. These classes include morning physical exercises in combination with hardening procedures, independent studies and training, taking into account professional-applied orientation and usefulness for future professional activities.

9. When organizing extracurricular activities sports work It is necessary to cultivate those sports that have professional-applied effectiveness and take into account the specifics of the chosen profession. Examples are presented in the table.

IV. Building requirements

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4.9. The area of ​​classrooms is taken without taking into account the area required for arranging additional furniture (cabinets, cabinets, etc.) for storing teaching aids and equipment used in educational process, based on:

At least 2.5 m 2 per 1 student for frontal forms of classes;

Not less than - 3.5 m 2 per 1 student when organizing group forms of work and individual lessons.

In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of general education organizations, the height of classrooms must be at least 3.6 m 2.

When designing and constructing educational institutions, the height of the ceiling of the premises and the ventilation system must ensure the air exchange rate.

4.10. Laboratory assistants must be equipped in chemistry, physics, and biology classrooms.

4.11. The area of ​​computer science classrooms and other classrooms where personal computers are used must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and work organization.

4.12. Set and area of ​​premises for extracurricular activities, club classes and sections must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions additional education children.

When placing a gym on the 2nd floor and above, sound and vibration insulation measures must be taken.

The number and types of gyms are provided depending on the type of educational organization and its capacity. Recommended areas of gyms: 9.0 x 18.0 m, 12.0 x 24.0 m, 18.0 x 30.0 m. The height of the gym when designing should be at least 6.0 m.

4.14. Gyms in existing educational institutions should be equipped with equipment; dressing rooms for boys and girls. It is recommended to equip gyms with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.

4.15. In newly constructed buildings of general education organizations, gyms should be equipped with: equipment; premises for storing cleaning equipment and preparing disinfectant and cleaning solutions, with an area of ​​at least 4.0 m2; separate dressing rooms for boys and girls, each with an area of ​​at least 14.0 m2; separate showers for boys and girls, each with an area of ​​at least 12 m2; separate toilets for boys and girls, each with an area of ​​at least 8.0 m2. Hand washing sinks will be installed in toilets or locker rooms.

4.16. When constructing swimming pools in educational institutions, planning decisions and its operation must meet the hygienic requirements for the design, operation of swimming pools and water quality.<...>

4.27. Indoors primary classes, laboratory assistants, classrooms (chemistry, physics, drawing, biology), workshops, home economics classrooms, in all rooms medical purposes Washbasins are installed.

The installation of sinks in classrooms should be provided taking into account the height and age characteristics of students: at a height of 0.5 m from the floor to the side of the sink for students in grades 1–4, and at a height of 0.7–0.8 m from the floor to the side of the sink for students in grades 5–11.

There should be soap and towels near the sinks.<...>

V. Requirements for premises and equipment of general education organizations

5.1. The number of workplaces for students should not exceed the capacity of the general education organization provided for by the project for which the building was built (reconstructed).

Each student is provided with a workplace (at a desk or table, game modules and others) in accordance with his height.

5.2. Depending on the purpose of the classrooms, various types of student furniture can be used: school desk, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, desks and others. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Student furniture must be made from materials that are harmless to the health of children and meet the height and age characteristics of children and ergonomic requirements.<...>

5.6. When equipping classrooms, the following passage dimensions and distances in centimeters are observed:

• between rows of double tables - at least 60;
• between a row of tables and the outer longitudinal wall - at least 50–70;
• between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets standing along this wall - at least 50;
• from the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is the outer wall - 100;
• from the demonstration table to the training board – at least 100;
• from the first desk to the blackboard - at least 240;
• the greatest distance from the last place of a student to the blackboard is 860;
• the height of the lower edge of the board above the floor is 70–90;
• the distance from the chalkboard to the first row of tables in offices with a square or transverse configuration with a four-row arrangement of furniture is at least 300.

The visibility angle of the board from the edge of the board 3.0 m long to the middle of the student’s extreme seat at the front table must be at least 35 degrees for students of the II–III level of education and at least 45 degrees for students of the 1st stage of education.

The place of study furthest from windows should not be further than 6.0 m.<...>

VI. Requirements for air-thermal conditions

6.1. Buildings of educational institutions are equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, which must comply with the design and construction standards of residential and public buildings and ensure optimal microclimate and air parameters.

6.2. The air temperature, depending on the climatic conditions in classrooms and offices, psychologist and speech therapist offices, laboratories, assembly hall, dining room, recreation, library, lobby, wardrobe should be 18–24 ° C; in the gym and rooms for sectional classes, workshops – 17–20 °C; bedroom, game rooms, department premises preschool education and school boarding school – 20–24 °C; medical offices, changing rooms of the gym - 20–22 °C, showers - 25 °C.<...>

6.7. Physical education lessons and sports sections should be conducted in well-aerated gyms.

During classes in the hall, it is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side when the outside air temperature is above plus 5 ° C and the wind speed is no more than 2 m/s. At lower temperatures and higher air speeds, classes in the hall are conducted with one to three transoms open. When the outside air temperature is below minus 10 °C and the air speed is more than 7 m/s, through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students for 1–1.5 minutes; during big breaks and between shifts – 5–10 minutes.

When the air temperature reaches plus 14 °C, ventilation in the gym should be stopped.<...>

VII. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting

7.1. Daylight

7.1.1. All educational premises must have natural lighting in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.<..>

7.1.3. In classrooms, natural left-side lighting should be designed. When the depth of classrooms is more than 6 m, it is necessary to install right-side lighting, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.

The direction of the main light flux in front and behind the students is not allowed.<...>

7.2. Artificial lighting

7.2.1. In all premises of a general education organization, levels of artificial illumination are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

7.2.2. In classrooms, the general lighting system is provided by ceiling lights with fluorescent lamps and LEDs. Lighting is provided using lamps according to the color spectrum: white, warm white, natural white.

7.2.3. Light sources of different radiation natures are not used in the same room for general lighting.<...>

7.2.4. In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, illumination levels must comply with the following standards: on desktops - 300–500 lux, in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux, in computer science classrooms on tables - 300–500 lux, on a blackboard - 300– -500 lux, in assembly and sports halls (on the floor) – 200 lux, in recreation (on the floor) – 150 lux.

When using computer technology and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and writing in a notebook, the illumination on students’ desks should be at least 300 lux.

X. Hygienic requirements for the educational process

<...>

10.3. To prevent overwork of students, it is recommended to provide for an even distribution of periods of study time and vacations in the annual calendar curriculum.<...>

10.14. The use of innovative educational programs and technologies, class schedules, and training modes in the educational process is possible in the absence of their adverse impact on the functional state and health of students.<...>

10.17. In order to prevent fatigue, impaired posture and vision of students, physical education and eye exercises should be carried out during lessons.<...>

10.22. The motor activity of students, in addition to physical education lessons, in the educational process can be ensured through:

• physical education minutes in accordance with the recommended set of exercises;
• organized outdoor games during breaks;
• sports hour for children attending an extended day group;
• extracurricular sports activities and competitions, school-wide sports events, health days;
• independent studies physical culture in sections and clubs.

10.23. Sports activities in physical education classes, competitions, extracurricular sports activities, during a dynamic or sports hour must correspond to the age, health and physical fitness of students, as well as weather conditions (if they are organized outdoors).

Distribution of students into main, preparatory and special groups for participation in physical education and recreation sports events carried out by a doctor taking into account their state of health (or based on certificates of their health). Students of the main physical education group are allowed to participate in all physical education and health activities in accordance with their age. For students in preparatory and special groups, physical education and recreational work should be carried out taking into account the doctor’s opinion.

Students classified for health reasons in preparatory and special groups engage in physical education with reduced physical activity.

It is advisable to conduct physical education lessons outdoors. The possibility of conducting physical education classes in the open air, as well as outdoor games, is determined by a set of indicators of weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air speed) by climatic zone.<...>

10.26. Students perform all work in workshops and home economics classrooms in special clothing (robe, apron, beret, headscarf). When performing work that poses a risk of eye damage, safety glasses should be used.<...>

10.27. When organizing practice and socially useful work for students, provided for educational program associated with the big physical activity(carrying and moving heavy objects), it is necessary to be guided by sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under 18 years of age.

It is not allowed to involve students in work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of labor is prohibited, persons under 18 years of age, as well as in cleaning sanitary facilities and places common use, washing windows and lamps, removing snow from roofs and other similar work.<...>

XI. Requirements for organizing medical care for students and undergoing medical examinations by employees of educational organizations

11.1. All educational institutions must provide medical care for students.<...>

11.7. In the class register, it is recommended to draw up a health sheet, in which for each student information is entered on anthropometric data, health group, physical education group, health status, recommended size of educational furniture, as well as medical recommendations. <...>

Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation

"On the implementation of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02"

Based Federal Law"On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" dated March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Art. 1650) and the "Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 N 554 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295) I decide:

1. Put into effect the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations “Hygienic requirements for learning conditions in general educational institutions, SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02”, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on November 25, 2002, from September 1, 2003.

2. From the moment of the introduction of SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02, from 01.09.2003, the Sanitary Rules “Hygienic requirements for the learning conditions of schoolchildren in various types of modern educational institutions SP 2.4.2.782-99" (not subject to state registration- letter of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated 22.09.99 N 7648-ER), approved and put into effect by order of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06.08.99 N 309, as well as those that were registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia and not registered sanitary rules "Hygienic requirements for conditions for the education of schoolchildren in various types of modern educational institutions SanPiN 2.4.2.1073-01" and SanPiN 2.4.2.1102-02, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on 09.26.01 and 04.22.02.

G. Onishchenko

Registration No. 3997

Sanitary and epidemiological rules

SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02

"Hygienic requirements for learning conditions in general education institutions"

2.3. Building requirements

2.3.8. Students of the first stage are taught in classrooms assigned to each class, allocated in a separate block.

2.3.10. Educational premises include: a work area (placement of study tables for students), a teacher’s work area, additional space for placing educational visual aids, technical teaching aids (TSO), an area for individual lessons of students and possible active activities.

2.3.11. The area of ​​the classrooms is taken at the rate of 2.5 sq.m per 1 student for frontal forms of classes, 3.5 sq.m for group forms of work and individual classes.

2.3.24. Washbasins must be installed in primary classrooms, laboratories, classrooms, workshops, medical premises, teachers' rooms, and technical staff rooms.

2.4. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions

2.4.1. Depending on the purpose of the educational premises, student tables (single and double), classroom tables, drawing tables or laboratory tables can be used. The arrangement of tables is usually three-row, but options with a two-row or single-row (interlocked) arrangement of tables are possible.

2.4.2. Each student is provided with a comfortable workplace at a desk or table in accordance with his height and state of vision and hearing. To select furniture according to the height of students, it is color coded. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Desks (tables) are arranged in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the board, larger ones are further away. For children with hearing and visual impairments, desks, regardless of their number, are placed first, and students with reduced visual acuity should be placed in the first row from the windows.

Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, sore throats, and colds should be seated further from the outer wall.

Table 1

Dimensions of furniture and its markings according to GOST standards “Student tables” and “Chairs”

student"

2.4.3. When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of passages and distances between pieces of equipment in cm are observed:

Between rows of double tables - at least 60;

Between a row of tables and the outer longitudinal wall - at least 50 - 70;

Between a row of tables and the internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets standing along this wall - at least 50 - 70;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is the outer one,

Not less than 100; and in the presence of negotiable classes - 120;

From the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100;

From the first desk to the blackboard - 2.4 - 2.7 m;

The greatest distance from the last teaching place from the blackboard is 860;

The height of the bottom edge of the board above the floor is 80 - 90;

The viewing angle of the board (from the edge of the board 3 m long to the middle of the student’s outer seat at the front table) must be at least 35 degrees for students of the II-III stage and at least 45 degrees for children 6-7 years old.

2.4.8. The walls of classrooms must be smooth, allowing them to be cleaned using a wet method.

2.4.9. The floors must be free of cracks and covered with planks, parquet or linoleum on an insulated base.

The floors of toilets and washrooms should be lined with polished ceramic or mosaic tiles; do not use cement, marble or other similar materials.

2.4.10. When choosing polymer materials for finishing floors and walls of premises, you should be guided by the list of polymer materials and products approved for use in construction.

2.5. Requirements for air-thermal conditions

Radiators, tubular heating elements built into concrete panels can be used as heating devices, and the use of convectors with casings is also allowed. Heating appliances are protected by removable wooden grilles, located under window openings and have temperature regulators. Fences should not be made of particle boards and other polymer materials. average temperature surfaces of heating devices should not exceed 80°C.

During non-school hours, the temperature in the room is maintained at least 15°C.

Air temperature maintained in the air heating system, in work time should not exceed 40°C.

In classrooms # air recirculation in air heating systems is not allowed.

Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises (groups of premises): classrooms and study rooms (in the absence of air heating), laboratories, assembly halls, swimming pools, shooting ranges, canteen, first-aid post, cinema room, sanitary units, premises for processing and storage of cleaning materials inventory.

2.5.4. The area of ​​transoms and windows in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents must function at any time of the year.

2.5.5. Educational rooms are ventilated during breaks, and recreational rooms are ventilated during lessons.

Before classes start and after they end, it is necessary to carry out cross-ventilation of classrooms. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions according to Table 2.

On warm days, it is advisable to conduct classes with open transoms and windows.

table 2

The duration of cross-ventilation of classrooms depending on the outside temperature

2.5.6. The air temperature, depending on climatic conditions, should be:

In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories - 18 - 20°C with regular glazing and 19 - 21°C with strip glazing;

2.5.8. In the premises of educational institutions, relative air humidity is maintained within the range of 40 - 60%.

2.6. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting

2.6.1. Daylight.

Classrooms should have natural light. Without natural lighting it is allowed to design: squat rooms, washrooms, showers, restrooms at the gymnasium; showers and staff restrooms; storerooms and warehouses (except for rooms for storing flammable liquids), radio centers; film and photo laboratories; book depositories; boiler rooms, pumping water supply and sewerage systems; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; rooms for storing disinfectants.

In classrooms, left-side lighting should be designed. For double-sided lighting, which is designed for classrooms with a depth of more than 6 m, it is necessary to install right-side lighting, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the ceiling. In this case, the direction of the main light flux should not be in front or behind the students.

Light openings in classrooms are equipped with: adjustable sun-shading devices such as blinds, fabric curtains in light colors that match the color of the walls and furniture.

Curtains made of polyvinyl chloride film are not used. When not in use, curtains must be placed in the walls between the windows. To decorate classrooms, finishing materials and paints are used that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients:

for the ceiling - 0.7-0.8; for walls - 0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5;

The following paint colors should be used:

For the walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue;

For furniture (desks, tables, cabinets) - natural wood colors or light green;

For chalkboards - dark green, dark brown;

For doors and window frames - white.

To maximize the use of daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms, you should:

Plant trees no closer than 15 m, bushes no closer than 5 m from the building;

Do not paint over window glass;

Do not place flowers on windowsills. They are placed in portable flower boxes 65 - 70 cm high from the floor or hanging flower pots in the window walls;

Clean and wash glass twice a year (autumn and spring).

2.6.2. Artificial lighting.

In educational premises, standardized levels of illumination and indicators of lighting quality (discomfort indicator and light pulsation coefficient) are provided in accordance with hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

In classrooms, predominantly fluorescent lighting is provided using lamps: LB, LHB, LETs. The use of incandescent lamps is allowed (in this case, the illumination standards are reduced by 2 steps of the illumination scale).

Fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps should not be used in the same room. The use of new types of lamps and fixtures is coordinated with the territorial centers of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

A general lighting system should be used in classrooms. Lamps with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-carrying wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner wall. For general lighting of classrooms and training and production workshops, the following types of fluorescent lamps should be used: LS002-2x40, LP028-2x40, LP0022x40, LP034-4x36, TsSP-5-2x40. Other lamps of the type shown with similar lighting characteristics and design can be used.

The blackboard is equipped with spotlights and illuminated by two mirror lamps of type LPO-30-40-122(125) installed parallel to it. These lamps are placed 0.3 m above the top edge of the board and 0.6 m towards the classroom in front of the board.

When using TSO and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and writing in a notebook, the illumination on students’ desks should be 300 lux.

When using slide and film projectors, the illumination on students’ desks should be 500 lux. In this case, you should use either only one local lighting, or create a system of “functional” artificial lighting with a “dark corridor” in front of the screen. It is necessary to clean the lighting fixtures of lamps at least 2 times a year and promptly replace burnt-out lamps. Students should not be involved in this work. Faulty, burnt-out fluorescent lamps are collected and removed from the building of the educational institution.

2.7. Requirements for water supply and sewerage

Primary school classrooms, physics, chemistry, drawing, painting classrooms, workshops labor training must be provided with cold and hot water supply.

2.9. Requirements for the mode of educational process

2.9.1. In accordance with Article 28 of the Federal Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population,” programs, methods and regimes of education and training in terms of hygienic requirements are allowed for use if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on their compliance with sanitary rules.

Table 3

Hygienic requirements for maximum educational load values

Hours of elective, group and individual classes must be included in the maximum permissible load.

With a 35-minute lesson duration in grades 2 - 4, the maximum permissible weekly load for a 6-day school week is 27 hours, and for a 5-day school week - 25 hours.

2.9.3. The duration of the lesson should not exceed 45 minutes.

2.9.4. Children aged 8 or 7 years of age are accepted into 1st grade at the discretion of the parents. Admission to an educational institution of children of the 7th year of life is carried out when they reach the age of at least 6 years 6 months by September 1 of the school year.

Admission of children to 1st grade is carried out on the basis of the conclusion of a psychological, medical and pedagogical commission (consultation) on the child’s readiness for education.

Education of children under 6.5 years of age at the beginning of the school year should be carried out in conditions kindergarten or an educational institution in compliance with all hygienic requirements for the organization of education for children from the age of six.

Education of children in 1st grade should be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:

Training sessions are held only during the first shift;

5-day school week;

Organization of a lighter school day in the middle of the school week;

Conducting no more than 4 lessons per day;

The duration of lessons is no more than 35 minutes;

Organization in the middle of the school day dynamic pause lasting at least 40 minutes;

Using a “stepped” training mode in the first half of the year;

Organization of daytime sleep, 3 meals a day and walks for children attending an extended day group;

Training without homework and scoring of students' knowledge;

An additional week's holiday in the middle of the third quarter.

2.9.5. For health purposes and to facilitate the process of adaptation of children to the requirements of a general education institution in the 1st grade, a “stepped” method of gradually increasing the teaching load is used:

In September, October - 3 lessons of 35 minutes each;

From the second quarter - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each.

2.9.6. IN primary school density academic work students in classes in basic subjects should not exceed 80%. In order to prevent fatigue, poor posture and vision of students, physical education and eye exercises are conducted during lessons when teaching writing, reading, and mathematics (Appendices 2 and 3).

2.9.7. For recreational purposes, conditions are created in educational institutions to satisfy biological need learners on the move. This need can be realized through the daily physical activity of students in a volume of at least 2 hours. This volume of physical activity consists of the participation of students in a set of daily activities of each institution (Appendix 4): in conducting gymnastics before classes, physical education minutes in lessons, 1076 ;active games during recess, sports hour in extended day, physical education lessons, extracurricular sports activities and competitions, health days, independent physical education.

For the same purpose, the school component curricula for students of the first stage it is recommended to include subjects of a motor-active nature (choreography, rhythm, modern and ballroom dancing, teaching traditional and national sports games, etc.).

2.9.8. Classes should begin no earlier than 8 o'clock, without holding zero lessons.

In general educational institutions with in-depth study individual items, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.

In general education institutions operating in several shifts, training for 1st, 5th, graduation and compensatory education classes should be organized in the first shift.

2.9.9. In compensatory training classes, the number of students should not exceed 20 people.

The duration of lessons in such classes is no more than 40 minutes. Corrective and developmental classes are included in the maximum permissible weekly load established for students of each age.

Regardless of the length of the school week, the number of lessons per day should be no more than 5 in primary grades and no more than 6 in grades 5-11.

To prevent fatigue and maintain an optimal level of performance during the week, students in compensatory classes should have a lighter school day in the middle of the week (Wednesday).

In order to rehabilitate health and reduce the time required for adaptation to the requirements of a general education institution, students in compensatory classes are provided with the necessary medical and psychological assistance in the institution (psychologist, pediatrician, speech therapist), specially trained teachers, technical and visual aids, and involvement of parents in the process of learning and development of children.

2.9.10. In small general education institutions, the formation of classroom sets is determined by specific conditions and depends on the number of students and teachers. It is optimal to provide separate education for first-level students of different ages. It is allowed to unite first-level students into a set class, but preference should be given to the formation of two combined set classes. It is optimal to combine students in grades 1 and 3 (1+3), grades 2 and 3 (2+3), grades 2 and 4 (2+4) into one set. To prevent student fatigue, it is necessary to reduce the duration of combined (especially 4th and 5th) lessons by 5-10 minutes. (except for physical education lesson). If it is necessary to combine students in grades 1, 2, 3, 4 into one set, a sliding schedule of classes for children of different ages should be used in order to create conditions for conducting part of the lessons in each class outside of combinations (compliance with this requirement is especially necessary for first-graders) (Appendix. 5). In institutions where programmed instruction using sound technology is used from the 2nd grade, the maximum permissible duration of children’s work with program materials must be observed: in writing lessons in the 2nd grade - no more than 20 minutes, in the 3rd - no more than 25 minutes; in mathematics lessons in 2nd grade - no more than 15 minutes, in 3rd grade - no more than 20 minutes. In reading lessons, the use of sound technology is permissible only as audio visual aids. Regardless of the level of education, the number of students in two-grade sets should be no more than 25, and when three or four classes are combined into one set, no more than 15 children.

2.9.11. When using audiovisual TSOs in educational institutions, the duration of their continuous use in the educational process is established according to Table 4.

Table 4

Duration of continuous use of various technical teaching aids in lessons

During the week, the number of lessons using TCO should not exceed 3-4 for students of the 1st stage, 4-6 for students of the 2nd and 3rd stages.

2.9.12. When using computer technology in lessons, the continuous duration of classes directly with a video display terminal (VDT) and the implementation of preventive measures must comply with the hygienic requirements for video display terminals and personal electronic computers.

After classes with VDT, it is necessary to carry out eye exercises, which are performed at the workplace (Appendix 5).

2.9.13. During labor classes, you should alternate tasks of different nature. You should not perform one type of activity during the entire period of independent work in a lesson.

Total duration practical work for students in grades 1 - 2 - 20-25 minutes, for students in grades 3 - 4 - 30-35 minutes.

Duration continuous operation with paper, cardboard, fabric for first-graders no more than 5 minutes, for students in 2-3 - 5-7 minutes, for students in 4 - 10 minutes, and when working with wood and wire - no more than 4-5 minutes.

2.9.14. The lesson schedule is compiled separately for compulsory and elective classes. Optional classes should be scheduled on days with the fewest required classes.

There is a break of 45 minutes between the start of elective classes and the last lesson of compulsory classes.

2.9.15. In primary grades, double lessons are not conducted. For students in grades 5 - 9, double lessons are allowed for laboratory work, tests, labor lessons, and physical education for special purposes (skiing, swimming).

2.9.16. When drawing up a lesson schedule, you should alternate during the day and week for first-level students basic subjects with music lessons, visual arts, labor, physical education, and for students of the II and III stages of education - subjects of the natural, mathematical and humanities cycles.

2.9.17. The lesson schedule is built taking into account the course of the daily and weekly curve of students' mental performance (Appendix 6).

2.9.18. The duration of breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, a big break (after 2 or 3 lessons) is 30 minutes: instead of one big break, it is allowed to have two breaks of 20 minutes each after 2 and 3 lessons. Change must be made with maximum use fresh air, in outdoor games. When conducting a daily dynamic pause, it is allowed to lengthen big change up to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are devoted to motor organization active species activities of students on the institution’s sports ground, in the gym or in recreation areas equipped with exercise equipment.

2.9.19. Homework is given to students taking into account the possibility of completing them within the following limits: in 1st grade (from the second half of the year) - up to 1 hour, in 2nd grade - up to 1.5 hours, in 3rd - 4th grade - up to 2 hours. , at 5 - 6 - up to 2.5 hours, at 7 - 8 - up to 3 hours, at 9 - 11 - up to 4 hours.

2.9.20. The work of extended-day groups is structured in accordance with the current requirements of the Russian Ministry of Health for the organization and operating hours of extended-day groups.

In extended day groups, the duration of the walk for students of the 1st stage is at least 2 hours, for students of the 2nd stage - at least 1.5 hours.

Self-preparation should begin at 16:00. The duration of self-training is determined by the training class according to clause 2.9.20.

The best combination of the type of # activity for children in extended day groups is their physical activity in the air before the start of self-preparation (walking, moving and sport games, socially useful work in the area of ​​a general education institution), and after self-training - participation in events of an emotional nature (classes in clubs, games, visiting spectacular events, preparation and holding of amateur concerts, quizzes, etc.).

2.11. Requirements for sanitary condition and maintenance

2.11.1. During the period of epidemiological safety, institutions carry out daily wet cleaning of premises using soda, soap or synthetic detergents.

Cleaning of classrooms and other educational and auxiliary premises is carried out after the end of lessons with the windows or transoms open. If an institution operates in two shifts, cleaning is carried out twice. Wash floors, wipe dust accumulation areas (window sills, radiators, etc.).

Once a month general cleaning premises using not only detergents, but also disinfectants permitted in accordance with the established procedure (for example, 0.5 - 1% solution of bleach, chloramine or calcium hypochlorite, 0.2% solution of sulfochlorantine, 3% solution of ampholan, 1% (according to DV) polysept solution, 1% (according to DV) peramine solution, 3% (according to DV) solution of hydrogen peroxide with detergent).

Windows outside and inside and window openings are washed 2 times a year (spring and autumn).

Common areas (toilets, cafeteria, dining room and medical room) are always cleaned using disinfectants.

Sanitary equipment must be disinfected daily, regardless of the epidemiological situation. Toilet seats, flush tank handles and door handles are washed with warm water and soap.

Sinks and toilets are cleaned with kvachas or brushes using cleaning and disinfecting agents approved in accordance with the established procedure (for example, Blesk-2, Sanita, Belka, PChD, Dezef, Desus, Sanitary, etc.), in accordance with the instructions on the label, or wiped twice with a rag, soaked in one of the disinfectants (Appendix 7).

2.11.8. In cases where sterility is required, disposable products must be used.

2.11.9. During the quarantine period, all premises where children from the quarantined class were located are subject to daily disinfection.

When carrying out disinfection Special attention are given to the processing of objects that play a decisive role in the transmission of this infection.

For droplet infections - frequent ventilation of classrooms (at every break), thorough removal of dust in the premises, disinfection of utensils; for intestinal infections - disinfection of dishes, surfaces of dining tables, sanitary equipment, washing hands with soap after each visit to the toilet and before eating.

2.11.10. In order to detect head lice, medical personnel need to conduct selective examinations of children at least 4 times a year after each holiday and monthly (four to five classes). Inspections (of the hairy part of the body and clothing) are carried out in a well-lit room, using a magnifying glass and fine combs. After each inspection, the comb is doused with boiling water or wiped with a 70-degree alcohol solution.

2.11.11. The site is cleaned daily. Garbage is collected in metal garbage containers with lockable lids. Garbage bins are cleaned when they are 2/3 full. After emptying, waste bins are disinfected. Disinfection of garbage bins, garbage pits, and garbage bins is carried out by irrigation with a 10% solution of bleach (or heat-resistant bleaching lime), a 5% solution of NGK or a 7% solution of VHA with a disinfection time of 60 minutes. The garbage is poured with one of the solutions: 10% bleach solution in a ratio of 2:1 for 120 minutes, 20% chlorine-lime milk 2:1 for 60 minutes, 5% NGK solution 2:1 for 120 minutes.

Set of exercises physical education minutes(FM)

Training sessions that combine mental, static, and dynamic loads on individual organs and systems and on the entire body as a whole require FM in lessons to relieve local fatigue and general FM.

FM to improve cerebral circulation. 1. Starting position (ip) - sitting on a chair. 1 - 2 - move your head back and smoothly tilt it back, 3 - 4 - tilt your head forward, do not raise your shoulders. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow.

2. I.p. - sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn the head to the right, 2 - i.p., 3 - turn the head to the left, 4 - i.p. Repeat 6-8 times. The pace is slow.

3. I.p. - standing or sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - in one fell swoop left hand bring it over your right shoulder, turn your head to the left. 2 - IP, 3 - 4 - the same with the right hand. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow.

FM to relieve fatigue from the shoulder girdle and arms. 1. I.p. - standing or sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - right hand forward, left up. 2 - change hand positions. Repeat 3-4 times, then relax down and shake your hands, tilt your head forward. The pace is average.

2. I.p. - standing or sitting, with the back of your hands on your belt. 1 - 2 - bring your elbows forward, tilt your head forward. 3 - 4 - elbows back, bend over. Repeat 6-8 times, then hands down and shake relaxed. The pace is slow.

3. I.p. - sitting, hands up. 1 - clench your hands into a fist. 2 - unclench your hands. Repeat 6-8 times, then relax your arms down and shake your hands. The pace is average.

FM to relieve fatigue from the torso. 1. I.p. - stand with your legs apart, hands behind your head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis to the right. 2 - sharply turn the pelvis to the left. During turns, leave the shoulder girdle motionless. Repeat 6-8 times. The pace is average.

2. I.p. - stand with your legs apart, hands behind your head. 1 - 5 - circular movements of the pelvis in one direction. 4 - 6 - the same in the other direction. 7 - 8 - arms down and shake your hands in a relaxed manner. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is average.

3. I.p. - stand with legs apart. 1 - 2 - lean forward, the right hand slides down along the leg, the left hand, bending, slides up along the body. 3 - 4 - IP, 5 - 8 - the same in the other direction. Repeat 6-8 times. The pace is average.

FM of general impact is completed with exercises for different groups muscles, taking into account their tension during activity.

A set of FM exercises for students of the 1st stage in lessons with elements of writing

1. Exercises to improve cerebral circulation. I.p. - sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn the head to the right, 2 - i.p., 3 turn the head to the left, 4 - i.p., 5 - smoothly tilt the head back, 6 - i.p., 7 - tilt the head forward. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow.

2. Exercises to relieve fatigue from the small muscles of the hand. I.p. - sitting, arms raised up. 1 - clench your hands into a fist, 2 - unclench your hands. Repeat 6-8 times, then relax your arms down and shake your hands. The pace is average.

3. Exercise to relieve fatigue from the muscles of the torso. I.p. - stand with your legs apart, hands behind your head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis to the right. 2 - sharply turn the pelvis to the left. During turns, leave the shoulder girdle motionless. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is average.

4. Exercise to mobilize attention. I.p. - standing, arms along the body. 1 - right hand on the belt, 2 - left hand on the belt, 3 - right hand on the shoulder, 4 - left hand on the shoulder, 5 - right hand up, 6 - left hand up, 7 - 8 - clapping hands above the head, 9 - lower your left hand on your shoulder, 10 - right hand on your shoulder, 11 - left hand on your belt, 12 - right hand on your belt, 13 - 14 - clap your hands on your hips. Repeat 4-6 times. Tempo - 1 time slow, 2-3 times - medium, 4 - 5 - fast, 6 - slow.

A set of gymnastics exercises for the eyes

1. Blink quickly, close your eyes and sit quietly, slowly counting to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.

3. Extend your right arm forward. Follow with your eyes, without turning your head, the slow movements of the index finger of your outstretched hand to the left and right, up and down. Repeat 4-5 times.

4. Look at forefinger with an outstretched arm for the count of 1-4, then move your gaze into the distance for the count of 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.

5. At an average pace, make 3-4 circular movements with your eyes right side, the same amount in left side. Relax your eye muscles and look into the distance while counting 1-6. Repeat 1-2 times.

Approximate volume of physical activity of students

Hygienic requirements for lesson schedules

Modern scientific research has established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in school-age children falls within the interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of material is observed at the lowest psychophysiological costs for the body.

Therefore, in the lesson schedule for students of the 1st stage, the main subjects should be taught in 2 - 3 lessons, and for students of the 2nd and 3rd stages - in 2, 3, 4 lessons.

The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week.

Therefore, the distribution of the teaching load during the week is structured in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. On these days, the lesson schedule includes either the most difficult subjects, or subjects of average and easy difficulty, but in greater quantities than on other days of the week. Presentation of new material and tests should be carried out in 2-4 lessons in the middle of the school week.

Subjects that require a lot of time to prepare at home should not be grouped together on the same day.

An addition to I.G. Sivkov’s table can be data from a survey of students in modern general education institutions, which include computer science, specialized disciplines, and subjects new to them among the most difficult subjects. These items should be scored at least 10 points.

With a correctly drawn up lesson schedule, the highest number of points per day based on the sum of all subjects should fall on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.

The schedule is incorrect when greatest number points per day falls on the extreme days of the week or when it is the same on all days of the week.