Yamal territory. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: capital, regions and cities

Yamal. Polar region. Center of Western Siberia. An outpost of Russia in the harsh Artik... The internal content of these words, as if in a lens, was focused in itself by the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Modern and beautiful city Salekhard, which has a 500-year history, is confidently heading towards tomorrow.

Salekhard - the capital of Yamal

According to archaeologists, in the place where the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is now located, people built settlements over two thousand years ago.

Subsequently, not far from the mouth of the Poluy River, which flows into the Ob, the Cossacks, during the development of the Arctic, built the Obdorsky fort, which gradually turned into a fortified city - one of many in northern Siberia.

In 1595, Obdorsk was founded on the site of the fort, which two centuries later became the volost center of the Tobolsk province.

The inhabitants lived by hunting and fishing and were engaged in trade: for 30 houses there were one and a half hundred trading shops. At the beginning of winter, the Obdorsk Winter Fair was held here, where furs, mammoth ivory, fish and bird feathers were exchanged for flour, cloth, tobacco and alcohol, which was brought here by hundreds of merchants.

In 1933, when Obdorsk became the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it was renamed Salekhard, which from Nenets means “Village (in Nenets language - “sele”) on a cape (in Nenets language - “hard”).”

Geographical position

Geographic coordinates of Salekhard: 66 degrees and 32 minutes north latitude, 66 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude.

Many well-known enterprises and companies operate in the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:

River port;
fish canning plant;
bakery;
motor transport enterprise;
railway and air transport companies;
representative offices of gold mining, gas and oil producing companies, including Gazprom and Lukoil - Western Siberia.

The administration of Salekhard also resolves issues of social and economic development cities.

In 2009, an administrative complex was built specifically to house the administration on the banks of the Shaitanka River.

Population of Salekhard

The Russian population began to appear in Obdorsk at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1897, 500 people lived here, who were engaged in fur-bearing animal hunting, fishing and trade.

At the end of the 20th century, when the massive development of the lands of Yamal began, the population of the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug began to grow at a rapid pace. Today Salekhard has a population of 45 thousand people.

People come here to work on gas and oil rigs. Scientists, teachers, doctors are coming. Not only a good “northern” salary, but also the romance of the Arctic Circle attracts many to Salekhard. The population of indigenous origin is the Khanty and Nenets, or Samoyeds. These are surprisingly taciturn and modest people with a traditional way of life, an original culture, interesting customs, rituals, beliefs.

Many tribes continue to live in the tundra and, like their ancestors, engage in fishing, hunting, reindeer herding, and believe in spirits. They roam from pasture to pasture with herds of thousands of deer.

They live in tents, built, as many centuries ago, from long poles and reindeer skins. Boys with four years they know how to use a lasso and control sledges, girls know how to light a fire in a tent and sew national clothes.

Architectural appearance of the city

The ancient city of Salekhard has changed a lot since the days of the Obdorsky fort. Today it has a modern architectural appearance. Intensive housing development and construction of new social infrastructure buildings are underway. After renovation, old houses were given a look that corresponds to the general architectural style. Multi-storey buildings look like a multi-colored palette against the backdrop of a cloudy day or white snow. They are painted in rich, bright, picturesque colors: cherry and blue roofs, green, blue, orange, yellow walls - the color scheme fills the harsh northern city with a special warmth and creates coziness.

Many architectural objects are unusual. One of the memorable structures is the “Torch” cable-stayed bridge with a single pylon. There is a restaurant here, right above the water surface of the Shaitanka River.

The capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is peaceful towards all religions. This is evidenced by the fact that on the territory of the city there are neighboring Orthodox churches and a mosque located closest to the Arctic Circle of all other mosques in Russia.

Next to it, the construction of the Transfiguration Cathedral is underway.

The first stone temple in Salekhard is the Peter and Paul Cathedral, built in 1894. Snow-white walls, light blue towers, golden domes with crosses - under the low polar sky against the background of endless tundra and the river, the building seems airy, directed upward.

The sculptural world of Salekhard

The sculptural world of Salekhard is unusual. There are a large number of monuments dedicated to animals that embody the sacred spirits of the indigenous inhabitants of Yamal:

Near the ferry crossing there is a 10-meter mammoth. More than 40 extinct mammoths have been found in northern Siberia, among them the Yamal mammoths Masha and Lyuba.
On the embankment of the Shaitanka River there is a six-meter-tall monument to the reindeer - the main wealth of the tundra, a symbol of goodness and immortality.
The bypass road is crowned with a sculptural composition dedicated to the Siberian Cranes - white Siberian cranes, a sacred bird of the indigenous peoples of the North, bringing happiness to everyone who sees it.
Near the Polaris cinema there is a small sculpture perched - a dragonfly immortalized in stainless steel.
In the center of the waiting room at Salekhard airport, tundra swans seem to be trying to take off - a symbol of returning to their native land.
Near the building of the Arctic Hotel, a bear and a bear cub, carved from granite, represent a 10-ton “Constellation” composition.
Near the airport, two bears froze on snow-covered ice floes. They support the shield “Coat of Arms of Yamal in a Crown”. This is a vivid image of the connection between people and nature in the Arctic.
The entrance to Salekhard is marked by a stele of the same name, depicting the inhabitants of the aquatic, celestial and terrestrial spaces of the Arctic coast: seagulls, walruses and bears reflect the natural world of Yamal.

“Tundra, call me from afar...”

The capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a special world.

In winter, these are hundreds of snowflakes fluttering in the light of the lanterns. Snow crunching loudly underfoot. The flashes of the northern lights evoke admiration, the shimmer of the multi-colored canvas fascinates. The shining whiteness of the snow blinds the eyes, on a smooth white blanket Sun rays sparks scatter...

In autumn, the tundra stirs the soul, bright, soaked in the short northern summer. It is filled with a subtle bird whistle, a subtle bitter smell of wormwood and the taste of lingonberries, sweet and sour with a slight bitter taste...

Lilac thickets of fireweed. Dwarf birches and touching fir trees. Blue-blue lakes and rivers scattered across the tundra. A leaden sky with low, heavy clouds, as if pressed to the ground. The steel-colored surface of the river...

The air is transparent and crystal clear - it is impossible to breathe. The nature of the North is majestic and laconic.

Anyone going to Yamal for the first time may find some brief tips useful:

Aerosols and other mosquito repellents and the most closed clothing are protection from rampant mosquitoes and annoying midges.
Waterproof shoes are the best footwear for the swampy tundra.
The Tundra hospitably opens its arms to everyone, and you need to treat it in such a way as not to hurt it with your presence. Traditional shoes northern peoples Since ancient times, this has been done so as not to damage the soil cover, not to harm the northern nature, which generously gifts everyone: deer with moss, people with mushrooms and berries, and sometimes needs centuries to restore strength and natural resources.

Salekhard, Russia, Arctic Circle - a world where nature is strict and majestic, and people are open and hospitable.

Yamal is a protected corner of the earth, the keeper of an amazingly original and unique culture. Translated from the Nenets language, Yamal means “end of the earth.” The history of its cultural heritage goes back thousands of years. This is the land of original residence of the indigenous small peoples: Nenets, Khanty, Selkup, Mansi. They have preserved the way of life of their ancestors, who lived here hundreds of years ago, without changing, and are still engaged in reindeer herding, fishing, and fur farming.

Beyond the Ural Mountains, here, on the edge of the Earth,
Beyond the cold seas where my friends live,
The peninsula is Yamal
Volynyuk V.

Here you will visit "Verkhnetazovsky" reserve , get to know Mangazeya settlement a unique archaeological monument, a monument to the Russian development of the Far North, and you will learn many more interesting things.

Features of nature

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the Arctic zone in the north of the world's largest West Siberian Plain and occupies a vast square 750.3 thousand km 2. That's one and a half France. More than half of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. The length of the district from north to south is 1230 km, from west to east 1125 km. The northern border of the district, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea, has a length of 5,100 km and is part of the State border of the Russian Federation (about 900 km). In the west along the Ural ridge, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug borders on the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic, in the south on the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, in the east on the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) and Evenki Autonomous Okrug of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The territory of the district is located mainly in three climatic zones: Arctic, subarctic and the northern (taiga) zone of the West Siberian Lowland. The natural conditions of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are varied: from taiga to arctic tundra, from swampy plains to the Polar-Ural highlands.

Relief The district is represented by two parts: mountainous and flat. Almost 90% of the flat part lies within altitudes of up to 100 meters above sea level; hence there are many rivers, lakes and swamps. The mountainous part of the district occupies a narrow strip along the Polar Urals from Konstantinov Kamen in the north to the headwaters of the Khugla River in the south and consists of large mountain ranges with a total length of over 200 km. The average height of the southern massifs is 600 x 800 m, and the width is 20 x 30 m. The highest peaks are the Kolokolnya mountains 1305 m, Pai-Er 1499 m and others. To the north, the height of the mountains reaches 1000 x 1300 m. The main watershed ridge of the Polar Urals is winding, its absolute heights reach 1200 x 1300 m and higher. Tectonic faults processed by glaciers form convenient passes through the Polar Urals, connecting Western Siberia with the Eastern European part of the country.

The largest water artery Ob. Navigable rivers Pur, Taz, Nadym. In total, there are about 300 thousand lakes and 48 thousand rivers in the district. The world's largest herd of valuable whitefish breeds feeds in countless reservoirs. Nature has hidden 70% of the world's whitefish reserves here. The famous northern whitefish nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, peled, pyzhyan, vendace.

Live nature

Rich and varied vegetable world districts. According to available statistics, there are 866 species of aquatic and terrestrial flora in the district, including: flowering species 203, bryophytes 70, horsetails 5, swimmers 2, lichens 60, cap mushrooms 130, algae 302. Research results confirm the opinion that the idea of poverty of tundra flora is a consequence of its insufficient knowledge. The biodiversity of Yamal is small compared to the global background, but is represented by a number of rare, environmentally vulnerable species that make up a single regional complex. Seven species of higher vascular plants are included in the Red Book; many species are not included there only because of poor knowledge.
The attentive eye of a discreet lover northern nature will find a lot of unusual and original things here. For example, exotic moss, which even a resident of mid-latitudes has only heard of. Or Claydonia alpine, covering old burnt areas with a continuous thick carpet. And how much joy the thickets of delicious berries lingonberries, blueberries and cloudberries, with which the lush Russian pie is so good.

None of us knew then that by checking to the end,
Our gray-haired father Yamal heals souls and hearts.
Whoever has been there will not forget the harsh Arctic Circle
And it won’t be frosty if you have a true friend next to you!
Rozov S.

History of this region

The first information about the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century. However, Novgorod merchants penetrated the “Edge of the Earth” before. In the initial ideas of the Novgorodians about the riches of the northern land and its people there was a lot of fantastic stuff. Travelers said that “squirrels and deer fall to the ground there like rain from clouds.” Since 1187, the lower Ob was part of the volosts, subjects of Veliky Novgorod, and after its fall it passed to the Moscow princes, whose titles were added from 1502 to Obdorsky and Ugra. In 1592, Tsar Fedor prepared a campaign for the final conquest of the lands of the “Great Ob”. In 1595, one of the Cossack detachments built a fortification called Obdorsk (today it is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Salekhard). Obdorsk for a long time remained the last Russian settlement in the Ob North.

Now there are 8 cities in the district: Salekhard, Labytnangi, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Tarko-Sale and Gubkinsky, and 7 urban districts: Korotchaevo, Limbayakha, Pangody, Old Nadym, Tazovsky, Urengoy, Kharp and 103 small rural settlements.

Yamal is sincerely glad to friends,
Knows how to accept them.
And all the ways for “TU” and sleds
They bring you to Salekhard.
Andreev L.

Salekhard city

Salekhard is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located 2,436 km northeast of Moscow and 1,982 km north of the city of Tyumen. Salekhard is located on the Polui Upland, on the right bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Polui River, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. It is the only city in the world located on the Arctic Circle. Original name The city of Obdorsk comes from the name of the Ob River and the word “dor”, which is translated from the Komi language as “a place near”, “near something”. However, the Nenets have long called the village Sale-Kharn, that is, “settlement on the cape.” IN mid-18th century centuries, merchants came here for fairs, and in late XVIII century the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s of the 19th century, Russians began to settle permanently in Obdorsk.

Salekhard is home to one of the world's most famous archaeological sites Ust-Poluisky . And it is located on one of the many hills that run steeply down to the shore of the Poluy. The history of the Ust-Poluysky monument is unique. Back in 1935-1936, a young St. Petersburg scientist Vasily Stepanovich Adrianov began to excavate it. The finds recovered from the ground by Adrianov’s expedition were very valuable for science, and the scientist’s research covered literally the entire world archaeological press. Then monuments were discovered on Seyakha and Tiutei-Sale.

The Salekhard fish canning plant is the largest in the Tyumen region and is one of the first-born of the industrial development of the north of Western Siberia. The city of Salekhard is a large river port. 72 years ago (in 1933) the North Ural Trust of the Main Northern Sea Route was created in Salekhard. He is engaged in shipbuilding, fur harvesting, hunting, and timber exports. In the city of Salekhard, a mink fur farm has been operating since 1951, where fur-bearing animals such as arctic foxes, nutria and minks are bred.

There is also a modern airport , the grand opening of which took place on May 31, 2000. “Iron Birds” fly to many cities in Russia and even abroad (for example, to the city of Budapest). It is also planned to carry out flights to Cyprus and Turkey. Works in Salekhard local history museum , where local arts and crafts are collected: bone carving, bead jewelry, embroidery and appliqué (a design made using scraps of various materials) on fur, leather and cloth.

Salekhard is a sports city, here almost every resident goes in for sports. This is facilitated by a large number of cultural and sports institutions in the city. Very popular Ice Palace , which recently opened its doors to lovers of active recreation. There are so many sections there, and so many competitions that haven’t been held here! The city operates tennis club With beautiful name "Polar". There is a children's and youth center here. sport school, which has trained a lot of sports personnel. For ski lovers, the city has created ski base , where there is an excellent illuminated ski track and equipped recreation buildings.

In 1990, the city of Salekhard was included in the list of historical cities.. A protected historical zone has been created in the city, because there are many buildings of historical and architectural value. Behind last years The ancient city of Salekhard, which no one has occupied for more than 400 years, can be said to have been born again. Currently, it has become a major cultural and industrial center, with modern, comfortable houses. The appearance of the district capital is constantly changing: there is a lot of construction going on there and colossal work is being done to improve the urban area. The city amazes today's average citizen with its architectural sophistication and uniqueness.

Labytnangi city

Labytnangi is located on the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals, beyond the Arctic Circle, 20 km from the city of Salekhard. This is a marina city on the left bank of the Ob River with the satellite villages of Kharp and Polyarny, the base of the construction industry of the entire district.
Labytnangi Khanty phrase. It means “seven larches”. Previously, this was a settlement of Khanty reindeer herders living in temporary dwellings called chums. The settlement was given new life by the arrival of the railroad, the brainchild of Stalin's Gulag. Thanks to this road, the city became a springboard for the development of the Urengoy, Yamburg and other major gas fields. In 1986, construction of the new Labytnangi Bovanenkovo railway began and is now almost completed. It is the northernmost railway in the world. It was built for the development of the Bovanenkovskoye gas field.

The city of Labytnangi is not just a base city, but a supporting city of the polar oil and gas complex. This is a base for geologists, seismic surveyors, and a major center for the construction industry. Without him there would have been no Urengoy, no Medvezhy, no Yamburg, no other famous giants. This is an advantageous transport hub, which in the future will become an outpost for the development of the Polar Urals. And the city connects all its prospects with further development this complex.

In 2003, the city of Labytnangi added one more to its status as the “gateway of Yamal” ski resort . Complex "Oktyabrsky", located seven kilometers from the city, is a unique place for active winter recreation. Both master skiers and beginners come here. At the visitors' disposal: a track 630 m long, with a height difference of 110 m and an average slope of 160°. A rope tow will take everyone to the slope, and a 200 m long baby lift is available for younger visitors. The slope is prepared using snow cannons and a snow-compacting machine “Ratrak”. The artificial snowmaking system made it possible to extend the ski season from September to May. For younger visitors, Oktyabrsky offers sledding, and for extreme sports enthusiasts, tubing. Tubing is a rubber chamber covered with a special durable coating. Ski equipment, tubing, and sleds can be rented.
It is also planned to use the complex for recreation in the summer riding on catamarans, boats, fishing, picking berries and mushrooms. A holiday at Oktyabrsky is good for the whole family. Picturesque corners of nature, as well as an affordable price level, have in a short time made the ski complex a favorite vacation spot for Labytnang and Salekhard families and city guests.

Ski complex in the village of Polyarny (Polar Urals) . Currently, in the village of Polyarny there is a ski slope and a rope tow. Length 600 m, height difference 140 m, average slope 30°. There is a base with a dining room and a kitchen; on the second floor there are several rooms for overnight and recreation. The complex is located in a picturesque location among the mountains of the Polar Urals.

Gubkinsky city

Gubkinsky is located two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle, on the left bank of the Pyaku-Pur River, 16 km from the Purpe station on the Tyumen Surgut Novy Urengoy railway. It is connected to the “Big Land” by a highway; the nearest airport is 250 km away in the city of Noyabrsk. The city arose as a base center in connection with the industrial development of a group of the northernmost oil and gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, promising in terms of reserves and distinguished by unique properties. At the beginning of 1986, troops landed on an almost empty place to build the Gubkinsky gas processing plant and a city that did not even have an exact name.

Gubkinsky is located in the northeastern part of the West Siberian Lowland in the forest-tundra zone, which here is represented by larch and coniferous woodlands (birch, willow, pine, cedar, larch), peat bogs, and swamps with moss-lichen cover. There is abundance in the forest and swamps berries: cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, princeling, as well as many porcini and other mushrooms. Very varied and interesting animal world . The local forests are inhabited by: flying squirrel, mountain hare, chipmunk, brown bear, elk, wolf, fox, wolverine, marten, sable, lynx, weasel, ermine, badger, otter, muskrat... Wild animals enter the taiga from the north deer. Families of birds are widely represented: capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, pine pine, and many waterfowl. All animals are of hunting and commercial importance. The abundance of food and spawning grounds favors the reproduction of fish; the rivers and surrounding lakes are rich in valuable species.

Muravlenko city

The birth of the city is directly connected with another Yamal city, Noyabrsk, from which it is located 95 km. Muravlenko is a city of oil and gas workers. The main city-forming industrial enterprises Oil and gas production department “Sutorminskneft”, “Muravlenkovskneft”, “Sugmutneft”. They are engaged in mining. The largest of them is Muravlenkovskoye, opened in 1978.

City of Nadym

Nadym center of the Nadym region. The place where the city is located has long been known for its rich moss pastures, where the Nenets grazed their reindeer. In total, 80 thousand people live in the area. There are nine villages in the district, including three villages of indigenous people. Local authorities pay great attention to the preservation and development of their traditional life and economy. This is the first city that appeared on the territory of the district, thanks to the largest natural gas fields discovered in Yamal. The city of Nadym is located 1225 km from Tyumen and 563 km southeast of Salekhard. Located in the north of Western Siberia, on the Nadym River. The nearest railway station (Labytnangi) is located 583 km from Nadym.

The city's economy is based on the gas industry. The main enterprise is Nadymgazprom, which conducts the industrial development of the Medvezhye gas field and its satellite fields, Yubileiny and Yamsoveyskoye. A system of gas pipelines originates in Nadym, such as the North of the Tyumen region Ural Volga region Center, as well as the Medvezhye Field Nadym and Nadym Punga. Since 1974, Nadym gas has been supplied to the capital of our Motherland, Moscow. The length of this gas pipeline is 3000 km (in Soviet times, the length of gas pipelines was no more than 600 km).

Nadym airport one of the oldest airports in Russia. Its history begins back in 1969. Now it accepts all types of aircraft, including heavy airliners (Tu154). The city of Nadym is often called the northern capital of gas workers, and this is quite fair, because Nadym is a large modern city near the Arctic Circle, this is the pride of the entire Tyumen region. Nadym has 7 comfortable microdistricts with a total area of over 200 thousand km 2, it is a fairly large cultural and leisure city.

Example careful attitude to nature relict cedar grove in the city center, which is the pride of the townspeople (history shows that the cedar grove was left by the first builders as a monument to the unique northern nature). In winter, here is the most popular illuminated building in the city. ski Track, and in the summer a place for walking. The uniqueness of the city, which is called a fairy-tale city among the silent tundra and permafrost, lies in the fact that its birth, formation and thirty-year history created a special cohort of Nadym people, people who dedicated their lives to Nadym, devoted to it and proudly asserting: “We live in the most beautiful and best city."

Nadymsky hunting reserve . It protects typical landscapes, rare and valuable species of plants and plant communities. It also serves to preserve the population of wild reindeer, elk, brown bear, sable, and otter. The main objects of protection include: brown bear, Tobolsk sable, pine marten, weasel, Tobolsk ermine, muskrat, mountain hare, elk; whooper swan, greylag goose, white-fronted goose, lesser white-fronted goose, lesser goose, wigeon, teal, garter teal, pintail, shoveler, tufted duck; nelma, broad whitefish, pyzhyan, peled, as well as ecosystems of the northern taiga subzone of the taiga and the southern forest-tundra subzone.
Square reserve 564,000 hectares. About half of the reserve's area is occupied by forests. The predominant species are larch, spruce. Shrubs are widespread: crowberry, wild rosemary, blueberry, and dwarf birch. The most common peat bogs are: flat-hilly ones with a shrub-lichen-moss cover on the hillocks and a grass-moss cover in the hollows.

City of Novy Urengoy

Novy Urengoy is located 450 km east of Salekhard, and is the second largest city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (after Noyabrsk). It is located in Western Siberia on the Evo-Yakha River (a tributary of the Pur River), 60 km south of the Arctic Circle. “Urengoy” is a Nenets word; translated it means “bald hill” or “hill on which larches grow.” The history of this northern city of oil and gas workers dates back to September 1973. It arose in connection with the development of the Urengoy gas condensate field of the Urengoygazprom Production Association (oil and gas production and processing), the largest hydrocarbon resource in terms of volume in the Far North. The uniqueness of the emergence of the city and the development of the field lies in the fact that gas workers followed the subsoil explorers, that is, almost on virgin soil.

Novy Urengoy is the largest transport hub of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with a railway to Tyumen and Yamburg, with JSC Sevtyumentransput, with a highway to Tyumen, with an airport. The highway connects Novy Urengoy with the city of Nadym, Yamburg and the gas settlement on the Tazovsky Peninsula, but from there the only way is to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Ten main pipelines supplying the national economy with natural gas, the Urengoy Pomary Uzhgorod export gas pipeline to Western European countries originate from here.

City of Noyabrsk

Noyabrsk is the southernmost city of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is located southeast of Salekhard, 1065 km northeast of the city of Tyumen. The city is located in the central part of the picturesque Siberian Uvals, on the watershed of the Ob and Pur rivers, near Lake Tetu-Mamontotyai. On April 28, 1982, the village of Noyabrsk received city status. It is the largest city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in terms of population. The city of Noyabrsk was founded in 1975. Then the first helicopter landing force landed on the ice of the Ikhu-yakha River, located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, to begin the development of the Kholmogory field - the first stage in the development of the new oil region - Noyabrsky. Initially there were two variants of the name: Khanto (after the name of the lake in the vicinity of the city) and Noyabrsky. We decided: let it be November, since the first landing landed in November. It turns out that the name of the city was chosen according to the weather, according to the calendar.
The city of Noyabrsk, by its geographical location, is the “southern gate” of the district. The Tyumen-Novy Urengoy railway and the highway connecting Noyabrsk with the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug and further with the “mainland” pass through Noyabrsk. The city has excellent air connections; there is a modern airport capable of receiving heavy-duty aircraft. The airport opened on July 1, 1987. It is called the gateway to the Far North.

Today Noyabrsk is the largest oil metropolis in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This is the pearl of Yamal, the largest business and industrial center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where a fifth of the district’s population lives and almost a quarter of industrial products are produced. This is a beautiful, European-style modern city, which undoubtedly has become the cultural and spiritual center of the south of Yamal. Under these conditions, the city of Noyabrsk has the prospect of becoming a base city for the development of subsoil reserves in the south of Yamal over the next 25-30 years.

City of Tarko-Sale

Tarko-Sale is the center of the Purovsky district, located in most beautiful places, at the confluence of the Aivasedapur and Pyakupur rivers and the formation of the Pur river. The air transport distance to Tyumen is 1117 km, to Salekhard 550 km. The nearest railway station is Purovsk, located 11 km from Tarko-Sale. The city is connected to the “mainland” by an airport, a pier on the Pyakupur River, and a paved road to the city of Gubkinsky. The city has an air squadron of helicopter pilots, transporting cargo and passengers to hard-to-reach places in Yamal. In summer, Tarko-Sale is connected by boat to many settlements Purovsky district and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in winter such communication is carried out along the winter road. In the Nenets dialect, the name Tarko-Sale means “cape at the fork.” Once upon a time, a shaman came to the place where the city stands and opened a camp at the confluence of two rivers. The beginning of the city is associated with the development of hydrocarbon reserves.

What's new?

Yamal periodically presents to the scientific world sensations . On May 25, 2007, he was found on the Yuribey River baby mammoth perfect preservation. The body of the fifty-kilogram “baby” was delivered to the Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex named after. I. S. Shemanovsky from the village of New Port, where it was stored for some time in an underground freezer. The baby mammoth was found by a reindeer herder who reported the find. Experts organized an expedition to examine the location of the find and transport the baby mammoth from the river bank. According to scientific reports, this “foundling” is absolutely unique and the most complete find in the whole world. In terms of its preservation, it is much better than its predecessors: the baby mammoth has a well-preserved trunk, eyes, and remnants of fur on its neck. Until now, only two similar finds have been known in the world. No less famous is the baby mammoth, found in 1998 25 kilometers from the mouth of the Yuribeteyakha River, again on the Yamal Peninsula. According to the testimony of the reindeer herder who discovered the latest find, upstream, three hundred meters from the found mammoth calf, he discovered a large tusk sticking out of the ground. So new sensational discoveries are quite likely.

The rich nature of the unique North has always attracted the attention of romantics. Pristine purity, variety of colors, unpredictability enchants admiring glances. The indescribable silence in the winter expanses and the warm hearts of the northerners beckon to them again and again.

The harsh northern region is beautiful and distant. These definitions fully apply to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. On this land, surrounded by pristine nature, indigenous peoples live according to the customs of their ancestors, and the rich mineral resources are developed according to modern technologies. Yamal has always attracted travelers with its unique appearance. Here, the stinginess of the sun and the originality of nature, the severity of the climate and the hospitality of the local residents, the fantastic palette of autumn and the silent whiteness of winter are combined in the most amazing way. Scientists love Yamal for its cultural richness and unique nature. Therefore, be sure to come to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (capital Salekhard) to enjoy the cleanest air and see more closely the beauty of remote corners of our big country.

Geography

Russia is beautiful and rich: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the black pearl of the northern part of our country. And it occupies neither more nor less - 770 thousand square kilometers of the West Siberian Plain. The district includes: Gydansky and, of course, the Yamal Peninsula. Most of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle. From the north the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is washed from the south and adjoins Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, eastern neighbors are the Taimyr and Evenki Autonomous Okrug, from the west it borders on the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. The relief of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be divided into flat and mountainous. All three peninsulas are dotted with small rivers, hollows, ravines and swamps. The mountain range stretches for two hundred kilometers in a narrow strip along the Polar Urals. The climate of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is sharply continental, harsh, and is divided into three zones: the northern zone of the West Siberian Lowland, subarctic and arctic. The population is approximately 500 thousand people with a density of less than one person per square kilometer.

Flora

The vegetation cover in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has a pronounced latitudinal zonation. Five landscape zones can be distinguished: northern taiga, forest-tundra, shrub, moss-lichen and arctic tundra. In the northernmost, arctic zone, vegetation is very sparse. Here you can only find mosses, lichens and sedges. Small bushes and herbs are already growing in the moss-lichen tundra. In the next zone (shrub tundra) dwarf birches and willows grow, and berries and mushrooms grow along the rivers. There are many swamps and small rivers in the forest-tundra. Dwarf birches, larches, and small spruce trees grow here. In the southernmost zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the taiga, there are many lakes, swamps, and rivers. The entire territory is covered with dense light and dark coniferous forests.

Fauna

If the flora of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is quite scarce, the animal world is rich and diverse. Thirty-eight species of mammals live in the district's five climate zones. The largest number of predators and rodents are found here - fourteen species each. Five names of pinnipeds, three of insectivores, two of ungulates. Twenty species of fur-bearing animals are of great commercial importance.

Mineral natural resources

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (capital Salekhard) is famous for its hydrocarbon reserves. About 78% of the total reserves of Russian oil and gas are concentrated here. The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the world's largest hydrocarbon resource base. Developments for the extraction of valuable raw materials are being carried out at the Nakhodka and Urengoy gas fields, Ety-Purovskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, Yamburgskoye oil fields. In the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, about 8% of the total production of “black” and about 80% of “blue gold” is produced annually. The mining of chromium, molybdenum, tin, iron, lead, phosphorites, barites and other minerals is carried out.

Indigenous peoples of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug

Today twenty peoples live in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. But the true indigenous inhabitants are the Khanty, Nenets, Selkup and Komi-Izhemtsy, who have lived in this territory since time immemorial. The rest settled only in the second half of the twentieth century. This is due to development in the era Soviet Union territories of the Far North.

Khanty: this people have lived since ancient times in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The culture, language and customs of this people are very heterogeneous. This is due to the fact that the Khanty settled over a fairly vast territory and therefore became somewhat scattered.

The Nenets inhabit a vast territory of Russia - from to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. These people migrated from southern Siberia in the first millennium AD. He belongs to the Samoyed group.

It is known that he has lived in this territory since the 1st millennium BC. This people is divided into northern and southern Komi. From time immemorial, the first people were engaged in reindeer herding, fishing and hunting. The second were hunters and fishermen.

The Selkups are the most numerous people North. The Selkups traditionally engaged in fishing and hunting. Those representatives of the people who lived at higher latitudes also bred deer.

Administrative center

The capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the city of Salekhard. It was located on the banks of the Ob (on right side). The city is located on the Arctic Circle (the only one in the world). The population is about 40 thousand people. The city was founded in 1595. At first it was a small fort called Obdorsky. Half a century after its founding, permanent residents appear here. Since 1923, the village of Obdorsk has become the center of the Obdorsk region Ural region. And already in 1930, the village was given the status of the administrative center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Three years later, Obdorsk was renamed Salekhard. Nowadays, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the capital of the Autonomous Okrug in particular, is developing at a fairly rapid pace. There are many enterprises in the city: Yamalzoloto, a river port, a fish canning plant, Yamalflot and others. The Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex has been opened in the city, in which they work Exhibition Center, local history museum and scientific library. Also in Salekhard there is the District House of Crafts - a state-owned state-financed organization culture of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. There are many branches of various universities in the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It should be noted that the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (capital Salekhard) is experiencing great problems with Internet access. The fact is that there is no fiber optic network in the region yet.

Cities and districts of the Yamalo-Nenets District

The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug consists of seven districts, eight cities, five and forty-one rural administrations. Districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Yamalsky, Shuryshkarsky, Tazovsky, Purovsky, Priuralsky, Nadymsky and Krasnoselkupsky. As mentioned above, the population density is very low. Despite the vast territory, there are very few cities in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Cities: Noyabrsk (97 thousand), Novy Urengoy (89.8 thousand), Nadym (45.2 thousand), Muravlenko (36.4 thousand), Salekhard (32.9 thousand), Labytnangi (26, 7 thousand), Gubkinsky (21.1 thousand inhabitants). Some cities of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug will be described in more detail below.

Gubkinsky

The city of Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) became a city of district significance in 1996 and was named after the Soviet geologist. It is located on the left bank of the Pyakupur River, two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle. This city was formed as a base center for the development of oil deposits. Therefore, Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) mainly specializes in the oil and gas production and processing industries. The city does a good job of working with young people: there are sports and cultural centers, dance school, there is a recording studio. Young people have the opportunity to get an education in their hometown.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The city was founded in 1984. Received district status in 1990. Named in honor of oil engineer Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko. The city budget is mainly replenished from oil industry enterprises. Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) has its own radio and television companies. The following newspapers are published: “Our City”, “Kopeyka”, “The Word of the Oilman”.

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

After Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk is the second most populous city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The founding date of the city can be considered 1973, when the first oil well was drilled on the site of present-day Noyabrsk. Two years later, the first settlers arrived here, who mainly consisted of workers. Back in 1976, the village of Noyabrsk could only be found on oil workers’ maps, and already in 1982 the village was given the status of a district town. Oil and gas industry is very well developed. More than thirty companies operate in this field.

The capital of Yamal, Salekhard, was the final destination of the trip. Our ship arrived here at 12, the plane to Moscow arrived at five and a penny. A total of three-something hours sightseeing tour around town. The taxi driver was a little surprised by the request for an excursion - tourists are generally rare here, but in the end it turned out to be interesting. The city is small and there was enough time for an overview of it.

Salekhard was founded in 1595 by the Cossacks under the name of the Obdorsk fortress or fortress. Obdorsk - translated from the dialects of the northern peoples means “Ob coast”. The city is located exactly on the Arctic Circle and at that time was the northernmost fort in Russia. By the beginning of the 19th century, the fortress had lost its defensive significance, and the fortifications were dismantled - Obdorsk became a small provincial village in Berezovsky district. Both in the royal and Soviet time Obdorsk was a popular place of exile. In 1923 Obdorsk became district center the new Ural region, and in 1930 the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed, and Obdorsk became its capital. In 1933, the village was transformed into the regional settlement of Salekhard (translated from Nenets as “Village on the Cape”), which in 1938 was given the status of a city. Thanks to colossal oil and gas fields, today the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is one of the most economically prosperous regions of our country. In addition to the oil and gas industry, reindeer husbandry, traditional for the northern peoples, has been developed in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the current number of reindeer in the district reaches 700 thousand, with a lot of nomadic reindeer herding farms.

It is interesting that, like Khanty-Mansiysk in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Salekhard, although the capital, is not the largest and most industrially developed city in the region. Salekhard, with a population of 50 thousand, ranks only third in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in terms of population, far behind the “oil and gas” cities of Novy Urengoy and Noyabrsk (both have more than 100 thousand population). A satellite of Salekhard is the village of Labytnangi, located on the opposite bank of the Ob. Labytnangi is the final station of the Northern Railway line and a major transshipment port on the Ob River. There is a ferry service between Salekhard and Labytnangi.

1. In the place on the cape where the first Russian settlement was founded 420 years ago, today a model of the Obdorsky fort has been recreated - as it was in those distant years.

6. Peter and Paul Cathedral - the first stone temple of Salekhard. It was built in 1894 and has survived to this day almost in its original form.

7. Modern Salekhard is approximately the same as most economically secure northern “oil and gas” cities. Mostly new buildings, modern architecture, many cultural, sports and leisure facilities, and old houses have been renovated and brought into a common architectural form.

13. There is a mosque in Salekhard, one of the northernmost in Russia. Behind the mosque are the buildings of the Yamal Multidisciplinary College.

14. National Library of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

15. Modern urban development.

16. One of the unusual ones architectural objects city - cable-stayed single-pillar bridge "Fakel" across the Shaitanka River, opened in 2004. There is a two-story restaurant on the bridge pylon.

17. “In the fairy tales of ancient Yamal, in the songs of new generations - everywhere people honor deer with a word of gratitude!”

18. Not far from the cable-stayed bridge on the far bank of the Shaitanka there are administrative buildings of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This “government quarter” was built quite recently - the administration of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug moved here in 2009.

20. Construction of a new Cathedral of the Transfiguration is underway next door.

21. Salekhard is located exactly on the Arctic Circle. In the place where the road to the airport crosses latitude 66°33`44``, a memorial sign has been erected. I wrote and thought, how many times have I been to and beyond the Arctic Circle? Now I’ll count - on 6 trips to the North and 1 time to the South in Antarctica.

22. Not far from the Arctic Circle sign, there is a monument to the 501st construction site, which was built by prisoners of the transpolar railway from Salekhard to Igarka. In the forests and tundras far from Salekhard, the remains of prisoner barracks, railway embankments and even old steam locomotives are still preserved. These places can be seen as part of a separate three-day trip. In the future, if I return to Salekhard, I will try to go there...

Meanwhile, the Transpolar Railway project is actually alive - albeit not in the same format as it was during the Gulag. In essence, part of this road from Chum and Vorkuta to Labytnang is operational; on the opposite bank, along the route of the former 501st construction site, the current railway from Urengoy to Nadym was built, they are about to begin active work on the Northern Latitudinal Railway, which will connect Nadym and Salekhard approximately along the route of the former 501st construction site. In recent years, projects on the bridge across the Ob River in Salekhard have again intensified. Bold projects are being voiced for the construction of a road to the east from Urengoy to the banks of the Yenisei in the Igarka region, and even more bold ones - to Dudinka and Norilsk, in order to connect the Norilsk industrial region by land with the “Great Land”. Will all this ever be built? I think that they will build - not soon, not tomorrow, not in the foreseeable future, but I think that someday they will build - because this direction is strategically promising, modern construction technologies have stepped far forward compared to Stalin’s times, and the presence in these remote northern places many still undeveloped fields is a very serious incentive for the development of transport infrastructure. Of course, this is not tomorrow or in a year... But maybe in a few years ...twenty, in retirement, will you be able to travel from Moscow to Norilsk by train? :)) It would be damn interesting! In the meantime, we peer into the distance at the torn rails and the lives of the 501st construction site...

25. Then the road passes the airport and leads to the ferry crossings Salekhard - Labytnangi and Salekhard - Priobye. The first connects Salekhard with the opposite bank and the railway station, and the second - 630 kilometers along the Ob to the Ob region, where the nearest main road connected to the general road network of the country reaches the river. On the high bank near the crossing there is a huge mammoth and a memorial inscription in honor of the 420th anniversary of the city.

28. At the crossing Salekhard - Labytnangi it is very busy - ferries across the Ob go one after another.

Here the Ob, squeezed on both sides by mountains, narrows to two kilometers and turns east. It has been planned for many years to build a huge bridge in this section that will connect Salekhard with the network railways country and along which the road and railway latitudinal northern highway will pass. The issue of the Salekhard Bridge has been floating around for many years, since the time of the 501st construction, and with varying degrees of activity it comes up from time to time in certain circles and authorities. Recently, conversations about the bridge have intensified again - in terms of some engineering solutions, for example, it is planned to use the experience of the Kerch bridge crossing that is currently being built. But this is still a question for the future.

33. And now on the banks of the Ob it is quiet and calm - in a wide stream the great Siberian river carries its waters to the Kara Sea among the harsh northern taiga and forest-tundra. From here to the beginning of the river delta it is a little more than a hundred kilometers, and to the mouth of the Ob in the Nadym bar area is 280 kilometers. A year ago I had the opportunity to visit Altai, in the very upper reaches of the river, and now we are very close to its mouth...

The journey ends - after standing on the banks of the Ob at the crossing, we go to the airport, where the plane to home is already waiting for us. It was great! Thanks Seryoga kitv for great company as always! And there are probably many other trips ahead, because there are so many interesting places in the world that are worth visiting! :))

Yamal Nenetsie Autonomous Okrug ... Wikipedia

In the Russian Federation, Tyumen region. Formed 12/10/1930. 750.3 thousand km², including islands in Kara Cape Bely, Oleniy, Shokalsky, etc. Population 465 thousand people (1993), urban 83%; Russians, Nenets, Khanty, Komi, etc. 6 cities, 9... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- YAMALO NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT, subject of the Russian Federation; within the Tyumen region. Located in the Far North of Western Siberia, partly beyond the Arctic Circle. Includes the islands of Bely, Oleniy, Shokalsky and others, in the north it is washed by ... Russian history

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- YAMALO NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT, in the Tyumen region, in Russia. Area 750.3 thousand km2. Population 465 thousand people, urban 80%; Russians (59.2%), Ukrainians (17.2%), Nenets (4.2%), Khanty, Komi, etc. Center Salekhard. 7 districts, 6 cities, 9 villages... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- Russian Federation Federal districts: Far Eastern Volga North Western North ... Accounting Encyclopedia

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- as part of the Tyumen region of the RSFSR. Formed on December 10, 1930. Located in the extreme north of the West Siberian Plain; about 50% of the district's territory is beyond the Arctic Circle. It is washed by the waters of the Kara Sea. Includes the islands: Bely, Oleniy, Shokalsky... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Nenets. Women at the tent. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a subject of the Russian Federation within the Tyumen region. Located in the Far North of Western Siberia, partly beyond the Arctic Circle. Includes... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- included in Ros. Federation. Pl. 750.3 thousand km2. Us. 488 thousand people (1996), including Nenets (18 thousand), Khanty (6.6 thousand), Selkups (1.8 thousand), Mansi (0.1 thousand). Salekhard Center. First Russian native school in 1850 in Obdorsk (now Salekhard). In con. 19 … Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- an equal subject within the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Charter (Basic Law) of Ya. N. a. o., adopted by the State Duma of Ya. N. a. O. September 19, 1995 The district is part of the Tyumen region. The administrative center of the district is the city... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- Yamalo Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug... Russian spelling dictionary

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