Many writers turn to the theme of war in their works. On the pages of stories, novels and essays, they preserve the memory of the great feat of Soviet soldiers, of the cost at which they won victory. For example, Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man” introduces the reader to a simple driver- Andrey Sokolov. During the war, Sokolov lost his family. His wife and children died, his house was destroyed. However, he continued to fight. He was captured, but managed to escape. And after the war, he found the strength to adopt an orphaned boy, Vanyushka. “The Fate of Man” - piece of art, but it is based on real events. I am sure that there were many similar stories during those four terrible years. And literature allows us to understand the state of people who went through these tests in order to appreciate their feat even more.
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Assignment for the Unified State Exam essay:
15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War
When arguing your thesis, provide 2 (two) examples-arguments and answers confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.
The essay or composition must be at least 70 words. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
Example of essay No. 1 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.
“War is the greatest disaster that can cause suffering to humanity; it destroys religion, states, families. Any disaster is preferable to it,” said Martin Luther, Christian theologian, initiator of the Reformation, translator of the Bible into German. Indeed, war erases everything that a person brought into this life. Any disaster does not claim as many lives, does not bring as much pain and suffering AS WAR, so people do not forget these terrible years.
The text by Boris Lvovich Vasiliev,..., raises the problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.
The author notes that every year on June twenty-second an old woman comes to Brest. She does not strive for the Brest Fortress. Old woman goes out to the square, where he reads the same inscription on a marble slab, remembering his son.
An example that proves my point is the poem by Olga Bergolts “No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten.” The lines of this poem are permeated with gratitude to the Russian soldiers who fought and died for the Fatherland. Olga Bergolts urges people to remember what our compatriots had to go through. The author says that every year the whole country “worships the ashes of the murdered” as a sign of respect.
Another example that proves my point is the siege of Leningrad. On July 10, 1941, the Germans attacked Leningrad. Having a numerical and technical advantage, the Germans planned to soon capture the city. Despite this, the Russian people were able to withstand the siege. They never surrendered the city to the enemy. In memory of these years, Leningrad was awarded the title “Hero City”.
Thus, it is important to remember the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War, not to forget what our people had to endure.
Example of essay No. 2 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.
More than 70 years have passed since the last salvos of the Great Patriotic War died down. But the word “war” still resonates with pain in human hearts. The ninth of May is a sacred holiday for all the people of our country.
The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is heard in the text of the Russian writer B. Vasiliev.
The defense of the Brest Fortress became one of the many legendary pages of that terrible war. The author writes that “The fortress did not fall. The fortress bled to death.” Time has erased the faces of the soldiers who defended the fortress from memory. We don't know all of them by name. But we know one thing: before last straw They resisted fascism with blood.
Now Brest Fortress- museum. Grateful descendants come here to remember those who remained on this earth forever and to bow to them.
Every year, on June 22, an old woman comes to Brest. She lays flowers at the marble slab on which the name of her son, who heroically defended the Brest station, is carved. Decades have passed since her son died. But she is a mother, and in her heart he will live forever.
Every line of this text is filled with pride for our entire people, who defeated fascism in the Second World War. The author’s position is clear: we are descendants of WWII soldiers, we will forever remember their feat, heroism and courage
I remember “And the dawns here are quiet” by B. Vasiliev. Five female anti-aircraft gunners die after entering into an unequal duel with a German landing party. They die, but do not give up. They had the opportunity to avoid this collision. But they made their choice: they died, but did not let the Nazis near railway. But a modest obelisk appeared at the edge of the forest. Sergeant Major Vaskov and the son of Rita Osyanina come here to remember the war years and honor the memory of those killed.
In the novel “The Young Guard” A. Fadeev talks about underground fighters who fought fascism behind enemy lines. They were very young, they dreamed of happy life. But they were betrayed, and they all died. Their names are forever carved on the marble slab of the memorial in the city of Krasnodon.
Time is merciless. Veterans are leaving. There are very few of them left. From their lips we learn the truth about the war. We, modern youth, are grateful to everyone who gave us a cloudless sky and the happiness of a peaceful day.
In his autobiographical poem, the author recalls the past, in which during collectivization his father, a peasant who worked from dawn to dusk, was repressed like a fist, with hands that he could not help but straighten and clench into a fist “... there were no individual calluses - solid . Truly a fist!” The pain of injustice is stored in the heart of the author of the decade. The stigma of being the son of an “enemy of the people” fell on him, and everything stemmed from the desire of the “father of nations” to bring to their knees, to subjugate the entire population of his will. multinational country. The author writes about amazing feature Stalin to transfer “a heap of any of his miscalculations” to someone else’s account, to someone else’s “enemy’s distortion”, to someone else’s “dizziness from the victories he predicted.” Here the poet refers to an article by the head of the party, which was called “Dizziness from Success.”
Memory stores these events in the life of both an individual and the entire country. A. Tvardovsky speaks about this by right of memory, by the right of a person who experienced all the horror of repression along with his people.
2. V.F. Tendryakov “Bread for the Dog”
The main character is a student high school. But he is not an ordinary Soviet citizen, his father is a responsible worker, the family has everything, even during the period of general famine, when people really had nothing to eat, when millions of people were dying from exhaustion, in their house there was borscht, even with meat, pies with delicious fillings, real kvass, bread kvass, butter, milk - everything that the people were deprived of. The boy, seeing the hunger of the people around him, and especially the “elephants” and “schoolchildren” dying in the station park, felt remorse. He looks for a way to share with those in need, trying to carry bread and leftover food to the chosen beggar. But people, having learned about the compassionate boy, overpowered him with their begging. As a result, he chooses a wounded dog, frightened by people who apparently wanted to eat it at one time. And his conscience slowly subsides. No, not really, but not life-threatening. The head of the station, in the public garden where these destitute people lived, could not stand it and shot himself. Years later, V. Tendryakov talks about something that still haunts him.
3. A. Akhmatova “Requiem”
The whole poem is a memory of the terrible years of repression, when millions of people stood in lines with parcels for those millions of people who were in the dungeons of the NKVD. A.A. Akhmatova literally demands to remember this terrible episode in the history of the country, no one should ever forget it, even “... if they shut my exhausted mouth,” writes the poet, “at which a hundred million people are screaming,” the memory will remain.
4. V. Bykov “Sotnikov”
Childhood memories play a very important role in the fates of the main characters of the story. A fisherman once saved a horse, his sister, her friend, and hay. As a boy, he showed courage, courage and was able to get out of the situation with honor. This fact played with him cruel joke. Having been captured by the Nazis, he hopes that he will be able to get out of a terrible situation, and, saving his life, he gives up the detachment, its location and weapons. The next day, after Sotnikov’s execution, he realizes that there is no turning back. Sotnikov experienced a completely opposite situation in his childhood. He lied to his father. The lie was not that serious, but the cowardice with which he said it all left a deep imprint on the boy’s memory. For the rest of his life he remembered the pangs of conscience, the suffering that tore his soul apart. He does not hide behind the backs of his comrades, he takes the blow on himself to save others. Withstands torture, ascends to the scaffold and dies with dignity. Thus, childhood memories led the heroes to their life ending: one to a feat, the other to betrayal.
5. V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons"
Decades later, the author recalls the teacher who played a decisive role in his difficult fate. Lidia Mikhailovna, a young teacher who wants to help a smart student in her class. She sees how the child’s desire to learn is broken by the callousness of the people among whom he is forced to live. She tries different variants help, but only one thing succeeds: playing for money. He needs these pennies to buy milk. The director catches the teacher committing a crime and she is fired. But the boy remains in school, finishes it and, having become a writer, writes a book dedicating it to his teacher.
S. Alexievich "Uwar is not a woman's face..."
All the heroines of the book had to not only survive the war, but also participate in hostilities. Some were military, others were civilians, partisans.
The narrators feel that having to combine male and female roles is a problem. They solve it as best they can. For example, they dream that their femininity and beauty will be preserved even in death. The warrior-commander of a sapper platoon tries to embroider in the dugout in the evening. They are happy if they manage to use the services of a hairdresser almost on the front line (story 6). The transition to peaceful life, which was perceived as a return to female role, is also not easy. For example, a participant in the war, even when the war is over, when meeting with a higher rank, she just wants to take it up.
A woman's lot is unheroic. Women's testimonies make it possible to see how enormous the role of “non-heroic” activities, which we all so easily designate as “women’s work,” was during the war. It's about not only about what happened in the rear, where the woman bore the brunt of maintaining the life of the country.
Women are nursing the wounded. They bake bread, cook food, wash soldiers' clothes, fight insects, delivering letters to the front line (story 5). They feed wounded heroes and defenders of the Fatherland, while they themselves suffer greatly from hunger. In military hospitals, the expression “blood relationship” became literal. The women, falling from fatigue and hunger, gave their blood to the wounded heroes, not considering themselves heroes (story 4). They are wounded and killed. As a result of the path they have traveled, women change not only internally, but also externally; they cannot be the same (it is not for nothing that one of them is not recognized by her own mother). Returning to the female role is extremely difficult and proceeds like a disease.
Boris Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet..."
They all wanted to live, but they died so that people could say: “And the dawns here are quiet...” Quiet dawns cannot be in tune with war, with death. They died, but they won, they didn’t let a single fascist through. They won because they selflessly loved their Motherland.
Zhenya Komelkova is one of the brightest, strongest and most courageous representatives of the female fighters shown in the story. Both the most comic and the most dramatic scenes are associated with Zhenya in the story. Her goodwill, optimism, cheerfulness, self-confidence, and irreconcilable hatred of her enemies involuntarily attract attention to her and arouse admiration. In order to deceive the German saboteurs and force them to take a long road around the river, a small detachment of girl fighters made a noise in the forest, pretending to be lumberjacks. Zhenya Komelkova acted out a stunning scene of carelessly swimming in icy water in full view of the Germans, ten meters from enemy machine guns. IN last minutes Zhenya's life caused fire on herself, just to ward off the threat from the seriously wounded Rita and Fedot Vaskov. She believed in herself, and, leading the Germans away from Osyanina, did not doubt for a moment that everything would end well.
And even when the first bullet hit her in the side, she was simply surprised. After all, it was so stupidly absurd and implausible to die at nineteen...
Courage, composure, humanity, and a high sense of duty to the Motherland distinguish the squad commander, junior sergeant Rita Osyanina. The author, considering the images of Rita and Fedot Vaskov to be central, already in the first chapters talks about past life Osyanina. School evening, meeting Lieutenant Border Guard Osyanin, lively correspondence, registry office. Then - the border outpost. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect herself from gases, the birth of her son, and then... the war. And in the first days of the war she was not at a loss - she saved other people’s children, and soon found out that her husband had died at the outpost on the second day of the war in a counterattack.
More than once they wanted to send her to the rear, but every time she appeared again at the headquarters of the fortified area, finally she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to study at a tank anti-aircraft school.
Zhenya learned to quietly and mercilessly hate her enemies. At the position, she shot down a German balloon and an ejected spotter.
When Vaskov and the girls counted the fascists emerging from the bushes - sixteen instead of the expected two, the foreman said to everyone in a homely manner: “It’s bad, girls, it’s going to happen.”
It was clear to him that they would not be able to hold out for long against the teeth of armed enemies, but then Rita’s firm response: “Well, should we watch them pass by?” - obviously, greatly strengthened Vaskov in the decision taken. Twice Osyanina rescued Vaskov, taking the fire upon herself, and now, having received a mortal wound and knowing the position of the wounded Vaskov, she does not want to be a burden to him, she understands how important it is to bring their common cause to the end, to detain the fascist saboteurs.
“Rita knew that the wound was fatal, that she would die long and difficult”
Sonya Gurvich– “translator”, one of the girls in Vaskov’s group, “city” girl; as thin as a spring rook.”
The author, talking about Sonya's past life, emphasizes her talent, love for poetry and theater. Boris Vasiliev remembers." The percentage of intelligent girls and students at the front was very large. Most often - freshmen. For them, the war was the most terrible thing... Somewhere among them, my Sonya Gurvich fought.”
And so, wanting to do something nice, like an older, experienced and caring comrade, the foreman, Sonya rushes for a pouch that he had forgotten on a stump in the forest, and dies from a blow from an enemy knife in the chest.
Galina Chetvertak – orphan, pupil orphanage, a dreamer, endowed by nature with a vivid imaginative fantasy. Skinny, little "snotty" Galka did not fit the army standards either in height or age.
When, after the death of her friend, Galka was ordered by the foreman to put on her boots, “she physically, to the point of nausea, felt a knife penetrating the tissue, heard the crunch of torn flesh, felt the heavy smell of blood. And this gave birth to a dull, cast-iron horror...” And enemies lurked nearby, mortal danger loomed.
“The reality that women faced in the war,” says the writer, “was much more difficult than anything they could come up with in the most desperate time of their fantasies. The tragedy of Gali Chetvertak is about this.”
The machine gun struck briefly. With a dozen steps, he hit her thin back, tense from running, and Galya plunged face first into the ground, never removing her hands from her head, clasped in horror.
Everything in the clearing froze.”
Liza Brichkina died while performing a mission. In her haste to get to the crossing point and report on the changed situation, Lisa drowned in the swamp:
The heart of the seasoned fighter, hero-patriot F. Vaskov fills with pain, hatred and brightness, and this strengthens his strength and gives him the opportunity to survive. A single feat - the defense of the Motherland - equates Sergeant Major Vaskov and the five girls who “hold their front, their Russia” on the Sinyukhin Ridge.
This is how another motive of the story arises: everyone on his own sector of the front must do the possible and the impossible for victory, so that the dawns are quiet.
Essay “Memory of the War” by a 7th grade student at secondary school No. 7
Arbit Anna.
The war has passed
The suffering is over
But pain calls to people.
Come on people never
Let's not forget about this.
A. Tvardovsky
May 9... Victory Day is a holiday that has become a national holiday, because there is no family in our country that has not been touched with its black wing by the most terrible of wars - the Great Patriotic War! On this day to the sounds brass band those to whom we owe our lives and the peaceful sky above our heads will come out to the square in front of the monument. And then poems and songs will be sung in their honor. But, in my opinion, there are no words with which one can convey one’s gratitude to the old gray-haired warriors, for whom the war has become a new point of reference, against which they are accustomed to verify the meaning and price of their actions.
War means grief and tears. She knocked on every home and brought misfortune: mothers lost their sons, wives lost their husbands, children were left without fathers. Thousands of people went through the war, experienced terrible torment, but they survived and won. We won the most difficult of all wars. And the people who defended their Motherland in the hardest battles are still alive. The war emerges in their memory as the most terrible and sad memory. But it also reminds them of perseverance, courage, friendship and loyalty.
We are lucky, we live in relatively peaceful times, and for this we bow to all those who fought for the liberation of our country from fascist invaders: in the rear and at the front, people did not spare their strength and lives, “everyone simply had a choice: me or the Motherland.” And people chose their homeland, so that their children and grandchildren would have a future, so that the Russian land would not disappear. Thanks to this true patriotism we are.
Many works, newspaper articles, and films have been produced about the terrible national misfortune. But the most vivid and truthful in my memory for the rest of my life will be the stories of eyewitnesses.
Many of the heroes, on whose shoulders the most difficult trials fell, belonged to the generation of those young people who went to the front, barely graduating from school. Young men and women, who only yesterday were making plans for their beginning lives, instead stepped towards danger and death, facing the inhuman and cruel forces of fascism.
A man of amazing destiny lives in our city. His name is Shulgin Vladimir Mikhailovich. In 1941, he voluntarily went to the front. Its part defended the famous Road of Life, which ran along the ice of Lake Ladoga. Food and weapons were transported along it to besieged Leningrad by car. It was very difficult for the fighters. It was impossible to leave the trench either day or night. They slept and ate at the post. Enemy air attacks provided no respite. One night a boy found himself in a trench, barely alive. The soldiers picked him up and fed him. Vladimir Mikhailovich accompanied him home, covering him with himself during the bombing. As a souvenir, he gave him his belt and all the soldiers' food rations, which were given only to soldiers. But they were fed no better than the blockade survivors, and they always went hungry.
One day, when the Nazis were especially fierce, the fire was heavy, and a shell hit the trench, in the place where Vladimir Mikhailovich was located. Everyone fell asleep, screams and moans were heard. Vladimir Mikhailovich came to his senses when he was dragged across the field where they were shooting, vertically challenged nurse. She dragged me and persuaded me to be patient.
Vladimir Mikhailovich was wounded by many shrapnel. A military surgeon fought for a soldier’s life for a long time. Vladimir Mikhailovich survived, but his legs... they can barely move. Every step comes with pain. After the hospital he was demobilized. The medals “For Courage”, “For Military Merit”, “For the Defense of Leningrad” still shine on a soldier’s dress jacket. After the war, Vladimir Mikhailovich worked as a history teacher at a school in Kazakhstan. After the death of his wife, he, already old and sick, was taken in by Native sister, and now he lives here in the city of Kirzhach. Vladimir Mikhailovich is an amazingly kind and modest person. He doesn't like to talk a lot about himself and doesn't like to be the center of attention. He claims: “I didn’t do anything special, I just fought and defended my Motherland just like everyone else.” And awards speak of the soldier’s courage and valor.
The famous Admiral Ushakov once said this about such defenders of the Motherland: “The native land can do everything: feed you with its bread, give you drink from its springs, surprise you with its beauty. But she can’t defend herself. Therefore protection native land- the duty of those who eat her bread, drink her water, admire her beauty. People are given honorary and respectful titles. The highest rank of all is Defender of the Motherland..."
People of the military generation ─ special people. From the fronts of the Great Patriotic War they brought to difficult life country's faith in the future, willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others. The height of human achievement is determined by the power of love in life. The stronger this love, the more incomprehensible the dimension of the feat performed by a person for the sake of love for life. We will never forget those who died in the war, we will always remember those who sacrificed themselves to save and defend their Motherland.
Soon May 9th. This means that fireworks will sound over Red Square for the 65th time. For 65 years now, the Russian people have been celebrating a great holiday - Victory Day! It’s only a pity that there are fewer and fewer participants in the battles, veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Unfortunately, real heroes will soon pass away, who do not even consider themselves heroes, and, like Vasily Terkin, talk about their exploits somehow casually, by the way, they say, “everything has happened.” And it’s scary to imagine what lies beneath this “stuff”! The death of comrades, the loss of loved ones as a result of bombing and capture, the first shot at a person... And I want to say thanks a lot and bow to the ground to the people who gave us a chance to simply live. And I will take the liberty to say that many of us, young people, have not lost our love for the Motherland and are grateful to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. And I also want each of us to at least occasionally think about whether he is using this chance to the fullest, so that someday, looking back, look at the life he has lived and with a clear conscience tell you, the people who defended our Motherland, that everything you have done did not go to waste and will never be forgotten, because “there is a memory that will never end”!
And let the war alarm be silent,
Flowers bloom in my native land,
But the soldier will live forever,
That he died the death of the brave in battle.
He saved you and me
And to all of humanity,
Peace and happiness of peaceful days.
You stand up and bow to him.
And in this peaceful time of the century
I'm ready to ring that alarm:
“People, it’s vile to forget a person,
whose name is a Russian soldier!
