Speaking about the plan and purpose of his future work, Turgenev admitted: “I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even encounter a hint of what I saw everywhere.” The merit of the writer is that he was the first in Russia to raise this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create the image of a “new man”, a representative of the commoners. The author's ambivalent attitude towards his hero was reflected in the novel, but Turgenev, despite the inconsistency of the depicted image, believed that the future was opening up behind these people. “My whole story is directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class,” he wrote. The novel “Fathers and Sons” shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political directions: liberal nobles and nihilistic democrats. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of representatives of these directions, commoner Bazarov and nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In addition to this main problem, Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to moral, cultural, social economic development Russia in the 60s years XIX century.
So, the topic of the nobility and its role in the life of society is raised again. According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force social development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the path to the ideal is liberal reforms, openness, progress. According to Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, they are of no use, therefore Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism, the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless “cynics, impudents and plebeians,” they do not respect the people and traditions, but he consoles himself with the fact that there are few of them. Bazarov weightily remarks: “Moscow burned down from a penny candle.” What do nihilists say? First of all, there is a need for revolutionary action, so the criterion for them is the people's benefit. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and ignorant, they are full of prejudices, but still they are revolutionary in spirit.
Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchal nature of the Russian people, without understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless sniffs English tobacco while talking to a man. This is an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Hence the conclusion can be said that the disputes were not conducted on private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia in all disputes the last word remained with Bazarov.
A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible; the duel confirms this. main reason, which caused the elder Kirsanov’s hatred of Bazarov, was something that he would hardly admit even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his entire life. Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy of respect. And from Bazarov’s point of view, his life is meaningless.
The difference in the views of the main characters lies in their biography. Pavel Petrovich is the son of a general, a brilliant officer who wasted all his spiritual strength in pursuit of the woman he loved. When she died, he left the world, left his career and settled with his brother to live out his life. He is trying to make changes to his estate and economy, considers himself a liberal only because serfs on their estate are not whipped, but he is unable to understand the demands new era, views younger generation are deeply alien to him.
We know little about Bazarov’s past, but we understand that his path is a typical path of a common worker. Years of hard work made him an educated man. He proudly declares: “My grandfather plowed the land.” Bazarov's parents are very religious, their interests are limited. Bazarov raised himself. How many prejudices, how many habits, ingrained from childhood, Eugene had to overcome in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a man of strong mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs: after all, both Belinsky, to whose memory the novel is dedicated, and Dobrolyubov went through a difficult life school.
The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats. Turgenev wrote: “They are the best of the nobles - that is why I chose them to prove their inconsistency.” It is very sad that their lives are so worthless, although they have undoubted merits. Pavel Petrovich treats his brother, Fenechka, very nobly; he is honest, constant in love, and understands art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he is friendly, kind-hearted, fond of music, but his life is monotonous and boring. Bazarov contributes Fresh air to the “family nest” of the Kirsanovs. Evgeniy appears before us as a man of the new generation, which has replaced the “fathers” who were unable to solve the main problems of the era.
Dobrolyubov wrote about people of the Bazarov type even before the appearance of the image of Bazarov, arguing that they decide to “step onto the road of merciless denial in order to find pure truth.” Their ultimate goal is “bringing is possible greater benefit to humanity." The formation of their ideology was not without extremes; they believed exclusively in science, but it was they who drove progress in Russia.
I would like to end the essay with the words:
Conflict between “fathers” and “children” -
The key to those continuous changes
In which God is looking for something,
Playing with the change of generations.
One of the most important features of Turgenev is the desire to understand everything that is happening in the country. A bright romance, reflecting a whole stage in historical development Russia second half of the 19th century century the novel “Fathers and Sons” appeared. The title of the work suggests that it will resolve the eternal issue - the contradiction between generations, and it is raised by the author, but in fact the writer is more concerned about something else. Fathers and sons are those who live with the thoughts of the passing generation and representatives of new ideas, directions, thoughts, new people born of a new time. In the novel, Turgenev tries to understand, comprehend the purpose of life, the worldview of this new man, a commoner by birth, a democrat by birth. political views. The novel “Fathers and Sons” shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political directions - liberal nobles and democratic revolutionaries. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of representatives of these directions - the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman P. P. Kirsanov. In addition to this “main problem,” Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to the moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the sixties of the 19th century.
Turgenev poses questions that concern the progressive people of that time: what is the difference between revolutionary democrats and liberals, how should one treat the people, labor, science, art, what changes are necessary in agriculture, in the economy? The author shows us three disputes between Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov, in which these questions are raised. So, the theme of the nobility, its role in life. According to Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force of social development. Their ideal is “English freedom” (constitutional monarchy), the path to the ideal is liberal (reforms, openness, progress). According to E. Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no benefit from them, Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future.
The next question concerns nihilism and the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich condemns nihilists for the fact that they “respect no one”, live without principles, consider them unnecessary and powerless: “You are only four and a half people.” To this Bazarov replies: “Moscow burned down from a penny candle.” By denying “everything,” Bazarov means religion, the autocratic-serf system, and generally accepted morality. What do the nihilists claim? First of all, the need for revolutionary action. Their criterion is public benefit.
What are the views of both sides regarding the people? Pavel Petrovich glorifies the peasant community, family, religiosity, and patriarchy of the Russian peasant. Bazarov says that the people do not understand their own interests, are dark and ignorant, but considers it necessary to distinguish people’s interests from popular prejudices, claims that the people are revolutionary in spirit, therefore nihilism is a manifestation of the people’s spirit.
The fourth question concerns the attitude of the disputants towards art and nature. Pavel Petrovich blesses and glorifies art. The author agrees with P. Kirsanov on this. Bazarov denies art (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and approaches nature purely materialistically: (“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”)
Let's summarize. The disputes were not about private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia. In all disputes, the last word remained with Bazarov. A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible; their duel confirms this.
Turgenev, being a liberal by conviction, felt the superiority of Bazarov. Moreover, he argued: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.” The author completely disagreed with his hero only on the issue of art and nature. And yet his hero dies at the end of the novel. Why? Maybe his time hasn’t come yet (“...Russia needs me... No, apparently I’m not needed. And who is needed?”) Or maybe the author considered Bazarov’s task to be “ noble nest» Kirsanov completed? He could not show the hero in an environment close to him, among like-minded people - he was simply far from it.
It is impossible to answer unequivocally. However, it should be noted that the novel is dedicated to V. G. Belinsky, a man of the forties, who had the same “passionate, sinful, rebellious heart” as Bazarov. Turgenev does not know how the issues raised by his heroes will be resolved, but the fact that they are raised is a huge merit of the writer.
Kirsanov's disputes with Bazarov have ideological meaning. They reveal the main idea, the idea of the novel, what it was written for. They give special poignancy to the plot, serve as a characteristic of each hero, they show the superiority of new, progressive ideas over old, outdated ones, the eternal movement of society towards progress.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich: comparative characteristics (table). Bazarov and Kirsanov
The problem of relationships between fathers and children in literature is not a new topic. However, Turgenev is the first to create the image advanced person of its time. The writer has an ambivalent attitude towards the main character of the work “Fathers and Sons”.
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov – representatives different generations. Let's try to compare and analyze in what aspects these two characters differ.
Writer about the work
Turgenev says about his novel that it is directed against the aristocracy, which was considered the advanced class in Russia.
Bazarov and Kirsanov are two characters whose contrasting views formed the basis of the plot of the work. The specifics of the worldview and position in society of these heroes can be presented in the form of a table. This form allows you to see the main aspects of their contradictions most clearly.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics. Table
Attitude to the aristocracy
Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is a key driving force in the development of society. The ideal form of government, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms.
Bazarov notes the aristocrats’ inability to act; they cannot bring any benefit, unable to lead Russia to the future.
This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich treat the aristocracy. The comparative characteristics (the table is presented above) reflects this and gives an idea of how different their understanding of what the driving force of social development is.
Attitude towards nihilism
The next question on which the two heroes argue concerns nihilism and its role in the life of society.
Pavel Petrovich defines representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect or recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society.
Nihilists point out the need revolutionary changes. Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Evgeniy sees meaning only in what is useful, he does not consider it necessary to talk loud words.
This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nihilism. Comparative characteristics (the table is available in the article) shows this moment, shows how different the heroes’ attitude to this ideological position is.
Attitude towards ordinary people
Pavel Petrovich is far from the people, but at the same time he is touched by patriarchy and religiosity. Bazarov considers the peasants dark, ignorant, and ignorant of their rights.
Kirsanov believes that life ordinary people according to the rules established by our great-grandfathers, it is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants.
Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table records this moment) perceive the situation differently common people in society.
By his origin, Evgeniy is closer to ordinary people. He is a commoner. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.
A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
Attitude to art, nature
The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They treat nature differently. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is an empty matter, and he values nature solely as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him. On the contrary, he loves the world, art, music.
Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and sensations. Based on this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the matter. He denies the world's cultural achievements.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. The comparative characteristics (the table displays this) once again show the practicality of Eugene’s views.
Biography of heroes, attitude to life
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Evgeny because he showed Pavel Petrovich the uselessness of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.
Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who squandered best years life in an effort to win the woman he loves. The elder Kirsanov is, of course, honest, decent, and loves his family.
Turgenev notes that, having described the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and futility of this class.
Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago.
In my own way social status Bazarov is a commoner, loving work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself.
Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in their views and origins.
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” the author contrasts two very bright characters. Pavel Petrovich's beliefs characterize him as a representative of the past. Bazarov’s views are too advanced and progressive, extremely materialistic, which may be responsible for the death of this hero at the end of the work.
Literature lesson plan (grade 10) on the topic:
"The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
"The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
Preview:
The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)
Lesson summary of the teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Arch-Golitsinskaya Secondary School" Mikheeva Lyudmila Nikolaevna.
Objectives: 1.Improve students’ ability to compose comparative characteristics characters. 2. Be able to identify moral and ideological positions heroes of the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking, oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.
Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.
Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.
1. Origin, social affiliation
4. Philosophical, socio-political views, moral position
5. Attitude towards love
6. Lifestyle, interests
7. Attitude towards each other
Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. — In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.
—Which of the novel’s heroes oppose each other?
What are these people called? (antipodes)
Antipode is a person who is opposite to someone in beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)
Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.
— 1. What can you say about the origin, social affiliation of the heroes? P. Kirsanov is a nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative. E. Bazarov - the son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, a medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”
2.Portrait. Bazarov - " tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat nose at the top, a pointed nose at the bottom, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red arms.”
P. P. Kirsanov - in everything appearance“gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.
3. Speech - P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, often distorts Russian words in a foreign manner (principles, etc.) E. Bazarov - speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, often uses sayings and aphorisms.( read from the text)
- There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.
—What are our heroes arguing about?
1. On the attitude towards the nobility
P. Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual
E. Bazarov. Talk about how the aristocracy gave England freedom - “ Old song“, a lot has changed since the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.
2.On the principle of activity of nihilists
Pavel Petrovich stands for preserving the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals
E. Bazarov. Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny social order, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is worrying about is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of change social status. Denial is seen by new people as activity, not chatter.
3.About attitude towards the people
P. Kirsanov. The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionism. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.
E. Bazarov. The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas folk life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.
4.About views on art
P. Kirsanov. The new Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions and blindly follow old models, including Raphael. Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, completely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”
E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”
Who wins in disputes?
Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)
5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)
P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led active image life, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.
Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.
6. Lifestyle, interests.
There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin is wasted time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov says to Odintsova: “You don’t assume in me artistic meaning“Yes, I really don’t have it in me, but these species could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.
Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion.
Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.
7.Attitude towards each other.
Bazarov should not forget about respect for the generation of elders. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.
4. Summing up the lesson.
— Is there a winner in the dispute?
Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?
Whose side do you think the author is on? I. S. Turgenev considers himself to be a generation of “fathers” and tries to convey to us the idea of the important role of “old people” in the past and present of Russia. It is impossible to deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, and the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of finding some kind of compromise between generations.
6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
This lesson is the final result of a study of short-term educational project based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. The purpose of the lesson is to present the finished research product.
The game is played in accordance with the regulations TV game“Clever men and women” and consists of 4 stages - agons (agon - competition), during which the agonist - the winner - is determined.
A research article on the role and significance of the portrait in revealing the character of Turgenev’s Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” may be of interest to literature teachers high school And.
A basic outline can serve as an assistant in preparing for lessons on I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.”
Literature lesson (technology "Development critical thinking through reading and writing").
The writer's eternal desire to understand what is happening in the country, the prize of I.S. Turgenev. The opposition of two worldviews, two political directions is reflected in the novel.
Lesson + presentation on the topic: Test by love, illness of Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".
Disputes Between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Table
What did Bazarov and Kirsanov argue about in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”? One of the most important features of Turgenev is the desire to understand everything that is happening in the country.
All this gave rise to disagreements between the heroes. Dispute about principles (views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov). Comparison table.
A striking novel that reflected an entire stage in the historical development of Russia in the second half of the 19th century was the novel “Fathers and Sons.” The title of the work suggests that it will resolve the eternal issue - the contradiction between generations, and it is raised by the author, but in fact the writer is more concerned about something else.
The author shows us three disputes between Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, in which. Pavel Petrovich condemns nihilists for the fact that they “don’t help anyone. A compromise between Turgenev's heroes is impossible. Pavel Petrovich is twenty years older than Bazarov, but, perhaps, even in. However, he does not give victory to Pavel Petrovich on this point of the dispute. The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in Kirsanov’s “empire”. In disputes and clashes between two heroes of the novel - Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics of Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov (table) Kirsanov N. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich (essay) Disputes between Bazarov and Pavel. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" (based on the novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and. Work on the table. Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in the aristocrats. Bazarov demands a replacement of the very foundations of society. Bazarov expresses these views and beliefs in disputes with Pavel Petrovich - his ideological one.
Fathers and sons are those who live with the thoughts of the passing generation and representatives of new ideas, directions, thoughts, new people born of a new time. In the novel, Turgenev tries to understand, comprehend the purpose of life, the worldview of this new man, a commoner by origin, a democrat by political views. The novel “Fathers and Sons” shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political directions - liberal nobles and democratic revolutionaries. On the contrast of representatives of these directions - commoner Bazarov and nobleman P.
Kirsanov - the plot of the novel is constructed. In addition to this “main problem,” Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the sixties of the XIX century. Turgenev poses questions that concern progressive people of that time: what is the difference between democratic revolutionaries and liberals, how should we treat the people, labor, science, art, what changes are necessary in agriculture, in the economy?
RU::Lines of dispute between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov (based on Evgeny Bazarov and the mature aristocrat Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
The author shows us three disputes between Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, in which these questions are raised. So, the theme of the nobility, its role in life. Download Drivers for Epson Tx410 Scanner. According to Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force of social development.
Their ideal is “English freedom” (constitutional monarchy), the path to the ideal is liberal (reforms, openness, progress). According to E. Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no benefit from them, Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism and the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich condemns nihilists for the fact that they “respect no one”, live without principles, consider them unnecessary and powerless: “You are only four and a half people.” To this Bazarov replies: “Moscow burned down from a penny candle.” By denying “everything,” Bazarov means religion, the autocratic-serf system, and generally accepted morality. What do the nihilists claim?
First of all, the need for revolutionary action. Their criterion is public benefit. What are the views of both sides regarding the people?
Pavel Petrovich glorifies the peasant community, family, religiosity, and patriarchy of the Russian peasant. Bazarov says that the people do not understand their own interests, are dark and ignorant, but considers it necessary to distinguish people’s interests from popular prejudices, claims that the people are revolutionary in spirit, therefore nihilism is a manifestation of the people’s spirit. The fourth question concerns the attitude of the disputants towards art and nature. Pavel Petrovich blesses and glorifies art. The author agrees with P. Bazarov in this regard; he denies art (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and approaches nature purely materialistically: (“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”) Let’s summarize.
The disputes were not about private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia. In all disputes, the last word remained with Bazarov.
A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible; their duel confirms this. Whose side is the author on? Turgenev, being a liberal by conviction, felt the superiority of Bazarov. Moreover, he argued: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.” The author completely disagreed with his hero only on the issue of art and nature.
And yet his hero dies at the end of the novel. Maybe his time has not yet come (“And who is needed?”) Or maybe the author considered Bazarov’s task in the “noble nest” of the Kirsanovs completed? He could not show the hero in an environment close to him, among like-minded people - he was simply far from it. It is impossible to answer unequivocally. However, it should be noted that the novel is dedicated to V.
Belinsky - a man of the forties who had the same “passionate, sinful, rebellious heart” as Bazarov. Turgenev does not know how the issues raised by his heroes will be resolved, but the fact that they are raised is a huge merit of the writer.
Bazarov and Kirsanov. The problem of relationships between fathers and children in literature is not a new topic. However, Turgenev was the first to create the image of a leading man of his time. The writer refers to the main character of the work. Let's try to compare and analyze in what aspects these two characters differ.
Writer about the work. Download an Essay on the Topic of Culture and Civilization here. Turgenev says about his novel that it is directed against the aristocracy, which was considered the advanced class in Russia. Bazarov and Kirsanov are two characters whose contrasting views formed the basis of the plot of the work. The specifics of the worldview and position in society of these heroes can be presented in the form of a table. This form allows you to see the main aspects of their contradictions most clearly. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
Comparative characteristics. Table. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Evgeny Bazarov. Attitude to the aristocracy. The aristocracy is the driving force behind the development of society. The uselessness of the aristocracy, the inability to lead Russia to the future. Attitude towards nihilism.
Considers nihilists harmful to society. Nihilism is a powerful driving force of development. Attitude towards the common people. He is touched by the patriarchal nature of the peasant family and says that the people cannot live without faith. He considers the people ignorant, dark and superstitious, and notes the revolutionary nature of the human spirit.
Attitude to art, nature. Loves nature, art, music. Defines nature as a workshop in which man is in charge.
Art is considered useless. Origin. Born into a noble family. Born into the family of a zemstvo doctor, he was a commoner. Attitude to the aristocracy. Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is a key driving force in the development of society.
The ideal form of government, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms. Bazarov notes the aristocrats’ inability to act; they cannot bring any benefit, unable to lead Russia to the future. This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich treat the aristocracy. The comparative characteristics (the table is presented above) reflects this and gives an idea of how different their understanding of what the driving force of social development is.
Attitude towards nihilism. The next question on which the two heroes argue concerns nihilism and its role in the life of society. Pavel Petrovich defines representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect or recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society. Nihilists note the need for revolutionary changes.
Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Evgeniy sees meaning only in what is useful; he does not consider it necessary to say big words. This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nihilism. The comparative characteristics (the table is in the article) reflects this moment, shows how different the attitude of the heroes to this ideological position is. Attitude towards ordinary people.
Kirsanov believes that the life of ordinary people according to the rules established by their great-grandfathers is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants. Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table records this moment) differently perceive the position of ordinary people in society. By his origin, Evgeniy is closer to ordinary people.
He is a commoner. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.
A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Attitude to art, nature. The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They treat nature differently. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is a waste of time, and he values nature solely as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him.
On the contrary, he loves the world around him, art, music. Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and sensations. Based on this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the matter.
He denies the world's cultural achievements. This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. The comparative characteristics (the table displays this) once again show the practicality of Eugene’s views.
Biography of heroes, attitude to life. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Evgeny because he showed Pavel Petrovich the uselessness of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.
Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who wasted the best years of his life in an effort to win the woman he loved.
The elder Kirsanov is, of course, honest, decent, and loves his family. Turgenev notes that, having described the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and futility of this class. Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago. According to his social status, Bazarov is a commoner who loves work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself. Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in their views and origins.
1. A biography is not given to Bazarov; it only says that he belongs to the nihilist movement.
"Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov was first brought up at home , just like his younger brother Nikolai, then in the page corps . From childhood he was distinguished by his remarkable beauty; In addition, he was self-confident, a little mocking and somehow amusingly bilious - he could not help but like him. He began to appear everywhere as soon as he became an officer. They carried him in their arms, and he pampered himself, even fooled around, even broke down; but this also suited him. Women went crazy about him, men called him a fop and secretly envied him. He lived , as already said, in the same apartment with his brother, whom he loved sincerely, although he was not at all like him." "Pavel Petrovich did not spend a single evening at home, was famous for his courage and dexterity (he introduced gymnastics into fashion among secular youth) and read only five or six French books . At twenty-eight years of age he was already a captain;..."
2. Bazarov: "... a tall man, ..." The face is "long and thin, with a wide forehead , flat top, pointed nose down, big greenish eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns, it was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence. His dark blond hair, long and thick, did not hide the large bulges of his spacious skull."
Kirsanov"...a man of average height...""He looked about forty-five years old; his short-cropped White hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if carved with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful."“He has such amazing collars, like stone ones, and his chin is so neatly shaved.” "He was wearing an elegant morning suit, in the English style; on his head was a small fez. This fez and a casually tied tie hinted at freedom village life; but the tight collar of the shirt, though not white, but mottled, as it should be for morning dressing, rested with the usual inexorability on his shaved chin.”
3. Bazarov: abrupt, clear in his sayings
Kirsanov: speech in French style
4. Bazarov: “he doesn’t like ceremonies”
"He's a nihilist. He doesn't respect anything, he treats everything with critical point vision. A person who does not bow to any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how much respect may be attached to this principle.""Every person must educate himself."
Kirsanov: “I arranged my whole life according to English tastes, rarely saw my neighbors.” "Personality, dear sir, is the main thing:human personality must be as strong as a rock, for everything is built on it."
5. Bazarov: “A man who put his whole life on the card of female love and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man, not a male.” (Kipriyanova) "...You study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look come from, as you say? That's all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art...""...I loved you, it didn't make any sense before , and now even more so. Love is a form , and my own form is already decomposing..."
Kirsanov: " It was hard for Pavel Petrovich even when Princess R. loved him; But when she lost interest in him , and this happened pretty soon, he almost went crazy. Like someone poisoned, he wandered from place to place; he retained all the habits of a secular man; he could boast of two or three new victories; but he no longer expected anything special either from himself or from others and did nothing. He grew old, turned grey; sitting in the club in the evenings, being biliously bored, indifferently arguing in single society became a necessity for him - as we know, a bad sign. Of course, he never thought about marriage."
6. Bazarov: "... he usually gets up early and goes somewhere." “This doctor’s son was almost not timid, he even answered abruptly and reluctantly, and in the sound of his voice one could hear something rude, almost impudent...”
Kirsanov: Pavel Petrovich walked slowly back and forth around the dining room (he never had dinner), occasionally sipping from a glass filled with red wine, and even less often making some remark or rather an exclamation like “ah! hey! hmm!”
7. " Ten paces? This is true; We this distance We hate each other."
The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)
Goals : 1.Improve students’ ability to compose comparative characteristics of characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the characters in the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking and oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.
Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.
During the classes.
Organizational moment .
Report the topic and objectives of the lesson.( On the screen is a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time requires us to capture modernity in its emerging images; You can’t be too late.” In his works he “caught” something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in class we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you compiled a comparative description of the images of P. P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work according to the table.
Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.
Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. — In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.
—Which of the novel’s heroes oppose each other?
What are these people called? (antipodes)
Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)
Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.
— 1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes ? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative.E. Bazarov -son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”
2.Portrait. Bazarov - “tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat top, pointed nose downwards, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red arms.”
P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance “gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.
3. Speech — P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, and he often distorts Russian words into a foreign manner (principles, etc.)E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, he often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)
There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.
— What are our heroes arguing about?
1. On the attitude towards the nobility
P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual
E. Bazarov. The conversation that the aristocracy gave England freedom - “Old Song”, a lot has changed after the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.
2.On the principle of activity of nihilists
Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals
E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is trying to achieve is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of changing the social situation. Denial is seen by new people as activity, not chatter.
3.About attitude towards the people
P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionism. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.
E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.
4.About views on art
P. Kirsanov. The new Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions and blindly follow old models, including Raphael. The Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”
E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”
Who wins in disputes?
Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)
5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)
P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.
Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.
6. Lifestyle, interests.
There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin is wasted time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov tells Odintsova: “You don’t assume artistic sense in me - yes, I really don’t have it, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion. Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.
7.Attitude towards each other.
Bazarov should not forget about respect for the generation of elders. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.
4. Summing up the lesson.
— Is there a winner in the dispute?
Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?
Whose side do you think the author is on? (He considers himself to be a generation of “fathers”, trying to convey to us the idea of the important role of “old people” in the past and present of Russia. One cannot deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of finding some kind of compromise between generations.
5.Grading.
6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."
Authorization
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Comparative table “Ideological opponents - Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov”
Choose an action:
So, another job with text.
I.S. Turgenev is a master of psychological detail, and therefore the search for those means that were used to create images of the main characters of the novel can turn out to be a very interesting matter.
You are asked to find quotes from the text that allow you to compare two ideological opponents. What words, phrases, phrases used by the author allow us to agree with the idea that Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov are antipodal heroes? What is contrary in their words, actions, appearance?
(drawings by artist E. Rudakov, 1946 -1947)
". tall man. "
The face is long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat nose at the top, a pointed nose at the bottom, large greenish eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns; it was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence. His dark blond hair, long and thick, did not hide the large bulges of his spacious skull. "(Kipriyanova)
". a person of average height. "
“He looked about forty-five years old; his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if carved with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful.”
“He has such amazing collars, like stone ones, and his chin is so neatly shaved.”
“He was wearing an elegant morning suit, in the English style; There was a small fez on his head. This fez and casually tied tie hinted at the freedom of country life; but the tight collar of the shirt, though not white, but mottled, as it should be for morning dressing, rested with the usual inexorability on his shaved chin.” (Kipriyanova)
". he usually gets up early and goes somewhere.”
“This doctor’s son was almost not timid, he even answered abruptly and reluctantly, and in the sound of his voice one could hear something rude, almost impudent. "
“He's a nihilist. He doesn’t respect anything, he treats everything from a critical point of view. A person who does not bow to any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respectful this principle may be."
“Every person must educate himself” (Kipriyanova)
". he doesn't like ceremonies. ."
“I spent my whole life following English tastes, rarely seeing my neighbors.”
“Personality, dear sir, is the main thing: the human personality must be as strong as a rock, for everything is built on it.” (Kipriyanova)
“We act on what we recognize as useful. At the present time, the most useful thing is denial - we deny.”
“My grandfather plowed the land. Ask any of your own men which of us - you or me - he would rather recognize as a compatriot. You don’t even know how to talk to him.”
“The so-called progressive people and accusers are no good. We talk about some kind of art, unconscious creativity, about parliamentarism, about the legal profession and God knows what, when it comes to our daily bread, when the grossest superstition strangles us, when all our joint stock companies burst solely because there turns out to be a lack of honest people, when the very freedom that the government is fussing about will hardly benefit us, because our peasant is happy to rob himself just to get drunk on dope in a tavern.” (Kipriyanova)
“He only went to the polls, where he mostly remained silent, only occasionally teasing and frightening the old-style landowners with liberal antics and not getting close to representatives of the new generation.”
“Without self-esteem, without self-respect—and in an aristocrat these feelings are developed—there is no solid foundation for a social building.” (Kipriyanova)
“A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.”
“There are sciences, just as there are crafts, knowledge; and science doesn’t exist at all.”
“First you need to learn the alphabet and then pick up a book, but we haven’t even seen the basics yet.”
“You study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look, as you say, come from? This is all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art." (Kipriyanova)
“A man who put his whole life on the line of a woman’s love and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man, not a male.” (Kipriyanova)
". Study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look come from, as you say? This is all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art. "
". I loved you, it didn’t make any sense before, and now it doesn’t make any sense. Love is a form, and my own form is already decaying. "(Ustyantseva)
“It was hard for Pavel Petrovich even when Princess R. loved him; but when she lost interest in him, and this happened quite quickly, he almost went crazy. Like someone poisoned, he wandered from place to place; he retained all the habits of a secular man; he could boast of two or three new victories; but he no longer expected anything special either from himself or from others and did nothing. He grew old and gray; sitting in the club in the evenings, being biliously bored, indifferently arguing in single society became a necessity for him - as you know, a bad sign. He, of course, did not even think about marriage. "(Kipriyanova)
www.openclass.ru
ideological differences between Bazarov and the elder Kirsanovs
The title reflects one of these problems - the relationship between two generations, fathers and children. Disagreements on various issues have always existed between the youth and the older generation. So here, the representative of the younger generation Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov cannot, and does not want to understand the “fathers”, their life credo, principles. He is convinced that their views on the world, on life, on relationships between people are hopelessly outdated. “Yes, I will spoil them. After all, this is all pride, lionish habits, foppishness. " In his opinion, the main purpose of life is to work, to produce something material. That is why Bazarov disrespects art and sciences that do not have a practical basis; to "useless" nature. He believes that it is much more useful to deny what, from his point of view, deserves denial, than to watch indifferently from the outside, not daring to do anything. “At the present time, the most useful thing is denial - we deny,” says Bazarov.
For his part, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is sure that there are things that cannot be doubted (“Aristocracy. liberalism, progress, principles. art.”). He values habits and traditions more and does not want to notice the changes taking place in society.
The disputes between Kirsanov and Bazarov reveal the ideological concept of the novel.
These heroes have a lot in common. Both Kirsanov and Bazarov have highly developed pride. Sometimes they cannot calmly argue. Both of them are not subject to the influence of others, and only what they themselves have experienced and felt makes the heroes change their views on certain issues. Both the democrat commoner Bazarov and the aristocrat Kirsanov have enormous influence on those around them, and strength of character cannot be denied to either one or the other. And yet, despite such similarities in nature, these people are very different, which is due to the difference in origin, upbringing and way of thinking.
Discrepancies already appear in the portraits of the heroes. The face of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is “unusually correct and clean, as if carved with a thin and light chisel.” And in general, the whole appearance of Uncle Arkady." he was elegant and thoroughbred, his hands were beautiful, with long pink nails.” Bazarov's appearance is the complete opposite of Kirsanov. He is dressed in a long robe with tassels, his hands are red, his face is long and thin, with a wide forehead and a not at all aristocratic nose. The portrait of Pavel Petrovich is a portrait of a “socialite” whose manners match his appearance. The portrait of Bazarov undoubtedly belongs to “a democrat down to his fingernails,” which is confirmed by the hero’s behavior, independent and self-confident.
Evgeniy’s life is full of intense activity; he devotes every free minute to natural science studies. In the second half of the 19th century, natural sciences experienced a boom; materialist scientists appeared who, through numerous experiments and experiments, developed these sciences, for which there was a future. And Bazarov is the prototype of such a scientist. Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, spends all his days in idleness and groundless, aimless thoughts and memories.
The views of those arguing about art and nature are opposite. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov admires works of art. He is capable of admiring starry sky, enjoy music, poetry, painting. Bazarov denies art (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and approaches nature with utilitarian standards (“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it”). Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov also does not agree that art, music, nature are nonsense. Going out onto the porch, “. he looked around, as if wanting to understand how one could not sympathize with nature.” And here we can feel how Turgenev expresses his own thoughts through his hero. The beautiful evening landscape leads Nikolai Petrovich to a “sorrowful and joyful game of lonely thoughts”, brings back pleasant memories, reveals to him “ Magic world dreams." The author shows that by denying admiration for nature, Bazarov impoverishes his spiritual life.
But the main difference between a democrat commoner who finds himself in and
Comparative characteristics of Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanva
1. Aristocrats are unpleasant and unusual in Bazarov’s appearance and behavior. Evgeniy wears a robe with tassels, he does not wear gloves, and when they meet, he boldly extends his naked red hand.
Pavel Petrovich’s appearance is not swagger, like Bazarov’s, but gloss and panache: “a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots.” The appearance of Pavel Petrovich, as the author emphasizes, is “elegant and thoroughbred.” The contrast between him and Bazarov immediately catches the eye, but it is even more noticeable when Pavel Petrovich takes his trousers out of his pocket beautiful hand with long pink nails.
2. Pavel Petrovich - conservative. Its principles are aimed at protecting
existing system.
Pavel Petrovich glorifies the peasant community, family, religiosity, and patriarchy of the Russian peasant. Bazarov says,
that the people do not understand their own interests, are dark and ignorant,
but he considers it necessary to distinguish popular interests from popular prejudices; he asserts that the people are revolutionary in spirit, therefore nihilism is a manifestation of the popular spirit.
All of Pavel Petrovich’s principles boil down to preserving the old order in Russia. Bazarov seeks to destroy this order. “There is not a single civil resolution in Russia that does not deserve criticism,” he believes. However, Bazarov is not shown in any way in social activities, and we don't know if he has any real plans to put his views into practice.
3.
Bazarov does not recognize spiritual origin neither in nature (“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it”), nor in man. He treats a person as biological organism: “All people are similar to each other both in body and soul... One human specimen is enough to judge all others. People are like trees in a forest; not a single botanist will study each individual birch tree.”
4. Parel Petrovich blesses and glorifies art.
The author agrees with P.P. Kirsanov on this. Bazarov
denies art (“Raphael is not worth a penny”).
6. Approaches nature purely materialistically (“Nature
not a temple, but a workshop, and a person is a worker in it").
5.Pavel Petrovich always enjoyed success with women, men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.
Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes.
"For Pavel Petrovich love drama can become a source of self-esteem: memories of her support the consciousness of the originality and significance of the life he lived. For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.
Disputes between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)
I. S. Turgenev worked on the novel “Fathers and Sons” in the early 60s of the 19th century. The novel reflects the processes taking place in Russia at this time: the struggle between the socio-political forces of liberals and revolutionary democrats. The heroes of the novel are representatives of two ideological camps: liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and revolutionary democrat Yevgeny Bazarov.
Evgeny Bazarov is young, energetic, businesslike. He takes nothing for granted and denies any principles. In his worldview, he is a materialist, a person who has gone through the school of labor and hardship. Bazarov thinks independently and does not depend on anyone. Knowledge and work give him independence and self-confidence. He is the sexton's grandson, son district doctor, he is proud of his origins. Bazarov is a nihilist, and this word comes from the Latin nihil - nothing, that is, he denies everything. He justified his denial of everything theoretically: he explains the imperfection of society and social illnesses by the character of society itself. Bazarov demands a replacement of the very foundations of society. Bazarov expresses these views and beliefs in disputes with Pavel Petrovich, his ideological opponent.
Pavel Petrovich is a representative of conservative liberals. He is an aristocrat, an Anglomaniac and a very self-confident person. He is smart and has certain virtues: honest, noble, true to his convictions. But Pavel Petrovich does not feel the movement of time, does not accept modernity, for him tradition is above all. In Bazarov, he sees a danger to himself and his class, so he defends his “peace” by all means available to him, even to the point of a duel.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich discuss topics of art, culture, poetry, nature, science, spirituality, philosophy, and the Russian people.
In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov is often aggressive, trying to impose his opinion. From Evgeniy’s point of view, reading Pushkin is a waste of time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd. Kirsanov is able to appreciate the beautiful: he reads Pushkin, plays the piano. Bazarov is a straightforward person, he is not used to “distorting his soul”, hiding a harsh but fair word out of politeness. This irritated Pavel Petrovich. His “aristocratic” nature was outraged by his complete swagger young man. “This doctor’s son not only was not shy in front of him, but also answered abruptly and reluctantly, and there was something rude, almost impudent in the sound of his voice.”
Bazarov does not recognize any “principles,” and Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, believes that it is impossible to live without principles accepted on faith. After Pavel Petrovich’s words that at the present time, instead of the “Schillers” and “Goethe,” “everyone has come up with some chemists and materialists,” Bazarov sharply declares: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Material from the site //iEssay.ru
All the principles of Pavel Petrovich boil down, in essence, to one thing - to protect the old order. The principles of the young nihilist boil down to destroying this order.
Turgenev wrote that his work was directed against the nobility, but he did not believe in the prospects of the revolutionary democratic movement, although the author’s sympathies were definitely on the side of the protagonist.
According to Turgenev, Bazarov is a “tragic face” because the Bazarovs’ time has not yet come. The ending of the novel convinces of the inconsistency of Bazarov's theory. It is not he who perishes, but his artificial theory.
The novel “Fathers and Sons” is for us a mirror that reflects the era of the 60s of the 19th century, with its conflicts and contradictions.
