Modern urban society, largely multicultural, includes a large number of subcultures, defined in sociology (also in anthropology and cultural studies) as groups whose beliefs differ from the interests of the general culture.
Subcultures are a set of cultures of groups of minors, different in style, interests, behavior, demonstrating rejection. The identity of each group largely depends on social class, gender, intelligence, generally accepted traditions of morality, the nationality of its members, characterized by a preference for a specific style of clothing and hairstyles , gatherings in some places, the use of jargon - this is what forms symbolism and values. But it should be noted that today each group is not characterized by a strict identity, it can change, in other words, individuals move freely from one group to another, various elements from different subcultures are mixed, in contrast to classical separate categories.
Youth subculture can be defined as a way of life and a way of expressing it, developed in groups. The main theme in her sociology is the connection between social class and everyday experience. Thus, the work of a French sociologist says that the main factor influencing the character of a group is the social environment - the occupation of parents and the level of education that they can give to their children.
There are many studies and theories regarding the development of these cultures, including the concept of the decline of morals. Some historians argue that until about 1955, a youth subculture as such did not exist. Before World War II, young people, who were called children only until they reached adulthood, at least in Western society, had very little freedom and no influence.
The concept of "teenager" has its origins in America. One of the reasons for the emergence of youth groups is said to be the increase in consumer culture. Throughout the 1950s, a growing number of young people began to influence fashion, music, television, and film. The youth subculture was finally formed in the mid-1950s in Great Britain, when teddy boys appeared, who were distinguished by special attention to their appearance (they were replaced by fashion in the 1960s) and rockers (or tone-up boys), who gave their preference to motorcycles and rock and roll. Many companies adapted to their tastes by developing marketing strategies by creating magazines such as English music magazine"New Musical Express" (abbreviated as NME), eventually appeared and TV channel- MTV. Fashion stores, discos and other establishments aimed at wealthy teenagers opened. Advertising promised a new, exciting world for young people through the consumption of the goods and services offered.
However, some historians argue that the youth subculture may have appeared earlier, during the period between the world wars, citing the flapper style as an example. These were the "new breed" of girls in the 1920s. They wore short skirts, cut their hair short, listened to fashionable jazz, wore excessive makeup, smoked and drank alcoholic beverages, drove cars, and generally showed disdain for what were considered norms of acceptable behavior.
Today there is no one dominant group. Youth subcultures in modern Russia represent to a greater extent forms of Western youth cultures (for example, emo, goths, hip-hoppers), but are characterized by Russian specifics.
Subculture- this is a special sphere of the dominant culture, which is distinguished by its internal organization, customs, norms.
youth subculture is the culture of the younger generation, which is distinguished by special language, lifestyle, behavioral traits, group norms, values, means of self-expression .
Youth subculture is a phenomenon characteristic of the industrial and post-industrial stage of development of any type of culture. It performs the functions of socialization of young people, solves problems of generational conflict and obeys the uniform laws of development. Being a subculture woven into the structural fabric of a specific type of culture, it has the properties and characteristics of the latter.
The youth subculture for any society at all stages of development is characterized by the so-called contradiction of “fathers” and “children”. It can safely be attributed to eternal problems: “Today’s youth are accustomed to luxury, they have bad manners, despise authority, and do not respect their elders. Children argue with their parents, greedily swallow food and harass teachers,” Socrates complained back in 470 BC. e.
However, as it unfolds over time, culture not only renews itself, but also preserves itself thanks to the action of succession mechanisms that transmit to each new generation the cultural heritage of previous eras (family, traditions, general system education, media, cultural institutions).
According to the stages of the life cycle, official (traditional) and innovative-avant-garde youth cultures are distinguished. An example of official youth subcultures in the Soviet Union were the pioneer organization and the Komsomol, in modern Russia - the “Walking Together” movement.
Based on areas of interest, youth subcultures are also divided into musical, intellectual, religious-philosophical, sports, computer, countercultural, etc.
The emergence of youth subcultures is caused by several reasons.
Firstly, it is a rapid and constant acceleration modern life industrial societies. The phenomenon of youth culture is a sign of predominantly dynamic societies (technogenic civilization). If previously culture was not divided into “adult” and “youth”, now “fathers” and “children” have serious differences in value orientations, fashion, methods of communication, and even lifestyle in general.
IN modern culture there are innovations that are constantly being hacked and rebuilt cultural tradition, sometimes thereby complicating the processes of socialization and adaptation of a person to the constantly changing conditions and demands of life. Fragility and novelty form a “dangerous mixture”, since a person striving for self-identification and establishing social connections searches in a changing environment, that is, all the objects with which he comes into contact and to which he could join are in constant accelerating movement.
Secondly , the period of socialization of the younger generation is lengthening. This is due to the need to increase time for education and vocational training that meets the requirements modern era. Today, a young man (or girl) early ceases to be a child (in terms of his psychophysiological development), but in terms of social status he (she) is still for a long time does not belong to the world of adults. Adolescence is a time when economic activity and independence have not yet been fully achieved. “Youth” as a phenomenon and sociological category, born of industrial society, is characterized by psychological maturity in the absence of significant participation in adult institutions.
Third, On an individual psychological level, young people are characterized by a not always conscious desire to free themselves from external control, increased emotionality, excitability, idealization of certain life ideas, maximalism, as well as instability of moral positions, often based on the perception of negative social phenomena.
Socialization occurs under the influence of various conditions and circumstances, including uncontrollable factors, such as the informal environment of communication with peers, views and moods existing in society.
There are some specific features that distinguish the youth subculture from the dominant culture in society. In other words, youth subcultures are a kind of socio-cultural formation.
youth subculture does not have a clearly defined social status A. The norms and symbols adopted in it are different from those prescribed by society. However, there are remnants of former myths, legends, and sprouts of new phenomena in it. Information coming from foreign cultures that does not fit into the main culture settles in youth subcultures.
Domestic the values of youth subcultures are opposed to the so-called “generally accepted” values. Youth cultures are characterized by a rebellious spirit, non-acceptance or even complete rejection of official ideology, and apoliticality. Members of various youth subcultures insist on their independence from society. Independence is one of the main features of self-awareness.
The youth environment often shapes countercultural value orientation, the highest principle of which is the principle of pleasure, enjoyment, which acts as an incentive and goal of behavior. Hence, the morality of permissiveness can become an integral and organic element of the counterculture.
Most youth subcultures have its symbolism. For example, hippies and punks have shaggy hair, shabby clothes, and homemade bags. There are graphic symbols on clothes and bags: embroidered flowers, anti-war slogans. Skinheads are characterized by the absence of hair on their heads, leather clothing, heavy, rough shoes, etc. These symbols are the first to catch the eye, so the presence of special symbols is a sign of the existence of a communication field in which you are recognized as “one of our own.”
Every youth subculture tries to stand out with your tongue(slang), which makes it difficult to communicate with “strangers”. By the language one already subconsciously recognizes “one’s own”. There is special folklore, its own sayings, anecdotes, ditties, legends and traditions.
The current situation in Russia can be defined as a stage between the old system of values, which is causing significant disruptions, and the new one, which is still being born.
For a long time in our country, the only youth organization was the Komsomol, officially permitted and supported. However, already in the 70s. Informal youth groups began to emerge, which, due to the general socio-political situation in the country, were in the “underground”, producing in some cases their own counterculture. Glasnost and perestroika allowed these groups to legalize their activities, loudly declare themselves, thereby significantly increasing their numbers.
A certain place among them was occupied by groups formed around various musical tastes and styles (metallists, Rolling Stones, breakers, Beatlemaniacs, etc.).
Informal youth organizations also emerged, value orientations which had some political and ideological connotation (nostalgists, anarchists, pacifists, deviationists, greens).
There were groups of apolitical, escapist character (hippies, punks, people of the system).
Among intellectual youth, the aesthetic group “Mitki” was popular, standing out for its self-irony and grotesquely emphasized style “a la Rus'”.
Groups were formed that professed the “cult of muscles” and physical strength"jocks". Criminogenic groups also appeared, united on the basis of aggressiveness, rigid organization and illegal activities (hipsters, gopniks, lyubers, etc.). Some of them were inspired by slogans of restoring socialist justice or the fight against “badness” in the form of hippies, punks and others.
The nonconformism of this youth environment was manifested in everything: in manners, in clothing, in hobbies, in jargon, sometimes reaching openly extremist forms. Currents of the Western youth subculture on our soil often transformed into rather absurd forms, acquiring only an external character: they were “copied” from their Western peers by inept “artists”, so the result was not copies, but caricatures.
After the defeat of the August 1991 “putsch,” a wave of democratic euphoria sharply increased socio-political activity, including among young people. Having reached its maximum, this activity began to subside, which was accompanied by the disappearance of many informal youth groups and a significant decrease in the number of those remaining.
Currently, several negative trends can be identified in the development of the youth subculture.
Subculture entertainment and recreational orientation. Along with communicative (communication with friends), youth leisure mainly performs a recreational function, most often in the form of passive relaxation (“doing nothing”). Young people are developing attitudes not toward creative self-realization, but toward passive consumption of education, culture, and labor. This trend is even more present in the cultural self-realization of student youth, which is indirectly determined by the very flow of prevailing values popular culture, promoting background perception and superficial consolidation in consciousness.
“Westernization” (Americanization) of cultural needs and interests displaces values national culture, both classical and folk, examples of mass culture, focused on the introduction of values, the “American way of life” in its primitive and lightweight version. Favorite heroes and, to a certain extent, role models are the idols of show business or sports, for girls - heroines of soap operas and pulp novels about love, and for boys - invincible superheroes of thrillers.
Pragmatism, cruelty, immoderate desire for material well-being. Thus, among students, mutual payment for educational services - writing essays, coursework, assistance in preparing for exams, etc. The most important value for many young people is the “equivalence of mutual retribution” (the need for reward for good and retribution for evil).
These trends are also present in the cultural self-realization of young people: there is a reckless contempt for such “outdated” values as politeness, meekness and respect for others for the sake of fashion. Young people differ significantly from older generations in that they are practically devoid of illusions that someone can solve their own problems for them.
Weak individualization and selectivity of culture. The choice of certain values is most often associated with group stereotypes (“the principle of herring in a barrel”) of a rather rigid nature - those who disagree run a high risk of joining the ranks of “suckers” - “outcasts,” “uninteresting,” “non-prestigious” people from the point of view of the “crowd.” ”, usually equaling a certain ideal - “cool” (sometimes in the person of the leader of this group).
Group stereotypes and a prestigious hierarchy of values are determined by gender, level of education, and, to a certain extent, residence and nationality of the recipient. The extreme direction of this trend in the youth subculture are the so-called “teams” with strict regulation of the roles and statuses of their members.
Cultural self-realization outside cultural institutions. Leisure self-realization of young people is carried out, as a rule, outside cultural institutions and is relatively noticeably determined by the influence of mainly screen art (cinema and television) - the most influential institutional source of not only aesthetic, but also generally socializing influence.
In these types of art (as, indeed, in the content of art in general) there is a tendency towards dehumanization and demoralization, which manifests itself, first of all, in the belittlement, deformation and destruction of the image of a person. In particular, this is reflected in the escalation of scenes and episodes of violence and sex, in increasing their cruelty and naturalism, which contradicts the laws of human morality and has a negative impact on the youth audience.
Lack of ethnocultural self-identification. In modern Russia, there is a severe crisis of identity in many groups of society, especially with regard to self-identification with cultural, political and social values. Some groups of youth accept new values and norms to a greater or lesser extent, while others try to preserve and strengthen traditional values.
Attempts to introduce ethnocultural content into the process of socialization in most cases are limited to the propaganda of ancient Russian customs and Orthodoxy. And ethnocultural self-identification consists, first of all, in the formation of positive feelings towards the history and traditions of one’s people, i.e., what is commonly called “love for the Fatherland.”
Belonging to youth culture, being a phase of development, a transitional stage in the formation of a personality, losing its significance as the boy (girl) adapts to the world of adults, Youth itself does not produce any culture without first having assimilated traditional culture. In the course of this assimilation, she can reproduce the ready-made forms offered to her, which, in turn, will be replenished in accordance with her consumer abilities.
Instructions
One of the oldest, but still popular subcultures is hippies. They preach freedom in all its forms (from inner freedom before free love), pacifism, strive for independence, creative realization. They look bright in appearance, wear jeans, loose T-shirts, and vests. Both women and men wear long hair, bright baubles on the hands. They can leave home and travel with almost no means of support; in the summer they live in tent cities.
Similar to hippies and close to them in philosophy are Rastafarians or Rastafarians. Modern Rastafarians, especially in Russia, do not live according to the principles that the Rastafarians originally promoted. They just listen to reggae music, love Bob Marley, have dreadlocks, wear a red, yellow and green hat and have a negative attitude towards the materialistic Western culture.
Emo culture is popular among younger people. The name of the culture is derived from the word “emotional” and reflects the emotionality of the adherents of this movement. Adherents of the subculture are called emokids. They have a bright appearance: long side bangs, heavily lined eyes, piercings, black and pink clothes, black nail polish, a lot of bracelets and badges. They strive for self-expression, but are often perceived as vulnerable, depressed, whiny teenagers. It is also believed that these guys are prone to suicidal behavior.
Young people who love life and at the same time constantly risk it because of the pleasure they receive are called extreme people. This may include various directions extreme sports: roller skaters, parkour or tracers, skateboarders, etc. Even graffiti artists who risk being caught can also be classified in this group. Their clothing style is usually sporty, free, and may resemble that of a rapper.
The philosophy is close to one rather old subculture - punks. Their slogan that there is no future determined their position: nothing can be corrected, and therefore life can be given up. It won’t be difficult to recognize a punk in a crowd - a mohawk on his cropped head, torn and dirty clothes. They often gather for parties with huge amounts of alcohol, drugs and fights. Initially, the movement was born out of a love for punk music.
The Goths have quite a lot in common with punks. At first this one developed due to a passion for gothic music, but then its own appeared. They perceive themselves as opponents of bad taste, motleyness and mass consciousness, and therefore choose black in clothing, the symbolism of death as a reminder of life, and going to the cemetery with friends. Outwardly, they are often confused with Satanists, who are dangerous to society because they support violence against people and sacrifices.
Another subculture is considered dangerous to society - skinheads. Already from their name you can understand that the feature is a shaved head. Preaching a cult strong personality, ideas of National Socialism and anti-Semitism. They hate adherents of other “bright” subcultures: emo, hippies, majors, as well as people of non-European type, and beat them. Most often, the head of such a youth group is a mature person with pro-fascist views.
One more similar group, but without ideology as such they are. Usually these are guys from the outskirts of the city, engaged in petty robberies, thefts, hooliganism, etc. These are disadvantaged representatives who use slang words and vocabulary in their speech, and imitate persons who served sentences in. Appearance usually unkempt: sports suit, black leather, cap. In relation to Western-oriented people life principles, are aggressive.
Subculture(English)sub – under andculture - culture)- a group of people united by a common system of values, behavior patterns and lifestyles that differ from the dominant culture to which they belong.
Subculture- part of public culture that differs from the prevailing one. In a narrower sense, the term means social groups people - carriers of the subculture.
From the point of view of cultural studies, a subculture is such associations of people that do not contradict the values of traditional culture, but complement it.
A subculture may differ from the dominant culture in language, behavior, attributes, clothing, etc. The basis of a subculture may be musical genres and styles, lifestyles, certain Political Views. Some subcultures are extreme in nature and demonstrate protest against society or certain social phenomena. Other subcultures are closed in nature and strive to isolate their representatives from society. Developed subcultures have their own periodicals, clubs, and public organizations.
The youth subculture is created by young people themselves for young people, it is esoteric, its specific variants are understandable only to those in the know and initiated. Youth subculture is an elitist phenomenon, few young people go through it and, deviating from traditional culture, is actually aimed at including young people into society.
In 1950, the American sociologist David Reisman, in his research, came up with the concept of a subculture as a group of people who deliberately choose the style and values preferred by a minority. A more thorough analysis of the phenomenon and concept of subculture was carried out by Dick Habdige in his book “Subculture: The Meaning of Style.” In his opinion, subcultures attract people with similar tastes who are not satisfied with generally accepted standards and values.
The Frenchman Michel Mafessoli in his writings used the concept of “urban tribes” to refer to youth subcultures. Viktor Dolnik in his book “Naughty Child of the Biosphere” used the concept of “clubs”.
In the USSR, the term “Informal youth associations” was used to designate members of youth subcultures, hence the slang word “informals.” The slang word “party” is sometimes used to refer to a subcultural community.
The history of informal organizations in our country can be divided into three distinct “waves”. It all started with the appearance in the 1950s. “hipsters” - shocking urban youth who dressed and danced “stylishly”, for which they received the contemptuous term “hipsters”. The main accusation that was brought against them was “worship before the West.” The musical preferences of the “hipsters” are jazz, and then rock and roll. The state’s tough position on dissent in those years led to the fact that after some time of semi-underground existence, the “hipsters” quickly disappeared.
The “second wave” was determined by both internal and external conditions - the youth movement acquired an important component - rock music. It was during this period (late 60s - early 80s) that most youth associations began to acquire the features of “classical informality”: apoliticality, internationalism, focus on internal problems. Drugs penetrated the youth environment. The movement of the seventies was deeper, broader and longer lasting. It was in the 1970s. The so-called “System” arises - the Soviet hippie subculture, which was a whole conglomerate of groups. The “system,” being updated every two or three years, absorbed punks, metalheads, and even criminogenic lubers.
The beginning of the “third wave” of youth movements can be considered in 1986: the existence of informal groups was officially recognized, the topic of “informality” became a sensation. These associations can also be called “alternative”.
Typology of youth subcultures:
1. Politicized subcultures: actively participate in political life and have a clear ideological affiliation;
2. Ecological and ethical subcultures: engaged in the construction philosophical concepts and fight for the environment;
3. Non-traditional religious subcultures: mainly a passion for Eastern religions (Buddhism, Hinduism);
4. Radical youth subcultures: characterized by organization, the presence of older leaders, and increased aggressiveness (criminal youth groups, skinheads);
5. Lifestyle subcultures: groups of young people forming their own way of life (hippies, punks);
6. Subcultures based on interests: young people united by common interests - musical, sports and others;
7. Subculture of “golden youth”: typical for capital cities and focused on leisure (one of the most closed subcultures).
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Tales about goths, jokes about emo and fear of skinheads
Now these are all hipsters and angry townspeople, or at least Russian nationalists, but before, at school and in the first years, all social life determined by belonging to one or another subculture. Trancers, skaters, punks and rappers, hard and not hard goths, emo or posers. The turn of the 1990s and 2000s was a golden age for youth subcultures: they were talked about on TV, notebooks were published for them, and the newly appeared Internet helped everyone find their place in the world of youth culture. W→O→S decided to remember what it was like to live surrounded by subcultures.
In Russia, goths - people in black, adherents of dark aesthetics and professing a gloomy outlook on life - turned out to be perhaps the most integrated subculture into online life, which took shape in 1999. At the same time, based on thematic conferences, FIDO.net was portal created , whose overage creator Andrei Coroner Narkevich taught the new arrivals about life. On the site they found out who was a worker and who was not a worker and received bans for asking questions like “Are blacks goths?” (actually yes). The site still operates today and catalogs species diversity is ready.
Second-rate goths hung out in the open air: in St. Petersburg - at the House of Cinema, and in Moscow - on Chistye Prudy along with others. Goths in style, observing subcultural rituals and having some musical pretensions - in Red Club and Tochka, respectively. For people interested in dark aesthetics, it was a glorious time in terms of the arrival of bands like Deine Lakaien or Diary of Dreams, but the actual gothic masses still listened mainly to Lacrimosa and HIM, although they carefully hid it.
The brightest and most comical were the local cyber goths - they braided wires into their already Kanekalon dreadlocks, wore gas welder glasses, danced to electro music ranging from Wumpscut to Infected Mushroom and at the same time, as a rule, were completely devoid of musical taste and, Despite the morphological similarity with trancers, they were terrified of taking substances.
Goths
Severe guys with shaved temples, tattoos, dressed in camouflage trousers and KMFDM T-shirts, loved goths - at the “gotop dances” you could pick up a “gothic sucker” and feel like a superman next to the twitching cybergoths. The refuge of industrialists on the Internet became the portal, a manual created by the late Saratov figure Dmitry Tolmatsky (DMT project). Despite the formidable ceremonial paraphernalia such as chemical protective suits and the often inherent political radicalism and craving for the occult among industrialists, they treated themselves with a fair amount of self-irony. In local folklore, there were jokes like “You move your sound equipment into the bathroom because the acoustics are great and the electrical shocks keep you from relaxing” and “The truck is also your music equipment.” Among the industrial industrialists, it was considered a sign of good manners to fall asleep to Throbbing Gristle or How to Destroy Angels Coil, to despise NIN and the later Ministry (the girls were given concessions), to collect the products of the Wax Trax label on cassettes and to organize sessions on abandoned construction sites with sessions of sound production using sleepers, fittings and guardrail from dad's SUV.
Industrialists
In the Russian consciousness, emos remained incomprehensible creatures in striped tights, with soft toys, pinned on pink backpacks, piercings and long bangs. Emos were supposed to walk around depressed and express their emotions as openly as possible. Their main musical idols seemed to be the disgraceful German band Tokio Hotel And Russian group Amatory. In reality, it was a fairly solid subculture, rooted in American hardcore of the 80s, with beliefs mixed from veganism, youth protest and straight age (a complex system of abstaining from alcohol, drugs and other doping products). In the ranks of emo there were constant debates about whether you were a real emo (if you listen to emotional hardcore and know the origins of the subculture) or a poser (you don’t know anything). The controversial emo culture disappeared almost completely at one point and has only recently experienced a renaissance thanks to a series of nostalgia parties with names like “Give Me Back My 2007.”
Emo
Alternative point of view
It was not easy for Russian guys who loved hip-hop. Now hip-hop is mainstream and virtually a universal language that everyone understands. At the same time, many questions arose: why the performers are black and behave like gangsters in the videos, and whether this is pop music (the situation worsened after Timati appeared), whether white guys, especially from school, can rap just like the great masters. There were even problems with self-designation: it was believed that rappers were gangstas, and those who did not want to associate themselves with them called themselves “hoppers.” Rappers supposedly fought with skinheads because they were against black music. Decl even had a song for this topic. In reality, the proximity of skinheads was not so fatal. Many skins also liked hip-hop, and they listened to Salt-n-Pepa mixed with Kolovrat. Due to poor knowledge of the language, the perception of Western hip-hop music was mainly musical and rhythmic. And the heroes of real Russian hip-hop were only Bad Balance, and then Mikhey. Well, finally decide for yourself: “Onyx is a sucker” or “Onyx is a god.”
Rappers or hoppers
Tolkienists and hippies
The most free people in this country. Future programmers and promising Russian scientists were often hippies and role players (not necessarily at the same time). Important attributes include the culture of hitchhiking as a universal way to travel around the country, an almost obligatory passion for fantasy literature, and color-coded baubles. The coding was complicated, so I had to look up explanations of all the colors on the Internet and print them out so as not to get confused. Is it true, different lists contradicted each other. Red and black are worn by those who are suicidal or fans of the group "Alice", red and white baubles are worn by supporters of free love, which was so important at the time of puberty. Baubles had to be woven by hand and given as a gift (you couldn’t buy them). If all the baubles disappeared somewhere (they could have been cut off by the police or at home by evil parents), then you could come to any hippie gathering, even a completely unfamiliar one, and receive a bauble from everyone who was there. The places where Moscow hippies (who did not call themselves that) gathered were the clubs “Forpost” and “Living Corner”, for quite a long time “Bilingua”, and among public spaces - Chistye Prudy.
Tolkienism was a separate phenomenon, which has now almost completely degenerated or turned into a more serious and aggressive re-enactor movement. The key places to wave wooden (and then duralumin) swords were Tsaritsyno and Filevsky Park. Belonging to the subculture presupposed knowledge of the Elvish language, which led to the fact that in Russia there are still tens of thousands of people who can sing excerpts of songs from The Silmarillion from memory. Important events there were Hobbit games, where for several days in a row you could remain an orc or an elven princess (but always in ankle boots). Tolkienists called musicians “minstrels.” The most popular of them are Tam Greenhill, Chancellor Guy, Illet and the Temple rock order. During the time of the Tolkienists, the order became famous for the epic opera “Finrod-zong” based on Tolkien’s “The Silmarillion”.
A subculture that did not have any special prerequisites for development in Russia. But there was his own Christ. First-grade boys in the mid-1990s chose their friends from those who could correctly answer the question “Who killed Kurt Cobain?” The grungers did not profess a specific ideology, and the only clothing that stood out was their hoodies with the cover of Nevermind. There was no place left in their hearts for other grunge bands (maybe with the rare exception of Pearl Jam), but they had one important advantage: the Onyx logo on the fence could very easily and effectively be converted into the Nirvana logo.
Grangers
Now, teenage electronic engineers of the turn of the 1990s and 2000s seem to be the most intelligent, creative and at the same time hermetic subculture. Tech students, computer scientists and just slightly autistic music nerds didn’t really hang out, but gathered in Internet threads a la “How to solder a pocket theremin?” and carefully attended deliveries from promoters like “Light Music” and related parties. The Russian center of the electronic movement was the city of Izhevsk - not only were progressive local IDM projects born there, but all world fashion first came there, and only then reached the capitals: it turned out to be a journey from Bristol through Izhevsk. Guys in glasses and hoods sat closely on the products of Warp Records, the indisputable authorities were Amon Tobin, Aphex Twin and Autechre. The movement gave birth to its own labels like Lagunamuch or Zvezda, where almost teenage enthusiasts learned to plow the unfertile garden of the domestic music business.
Electronics engineers
Subculture with difficult fate, which actually repeated the situation with emo. The shaven-headed guys in grinders themselves could profess a wide range of beliefs: the original English subculture did not necessarily imply racism and nationalism (and the music of skins was reggae for a long time), but the stereotype about a dangerous street subculture of racists, ready to start a fight for any reason, took root in society. And since there were still few people to fight with (the influx of migrants began much later), they looked for enemies among the white brothers who were fans of rap and other black music. In the early 2000s, the subculture began to develop: a Russian analogue of the Mods, another British subculture that combined aggression with a love of good clothes, appeared, as well as antifa as fighters against racism and any manifestations of skinheads, and simply a large number of skinheads who had nothing to do with national hatred . Then all these games ended and the pogroms of vegetable warehouses and the film “Okolofutbola” began. But that's a completely different story.
