Piskarevskoe memorial cemetery- a mournful monument to the victims of the Great Patriotic War, a witness to a universal tragedy and a place of universal worship. The memorial is dedicated to the memory of all Leningraders and defenders of the city. People sacredly remember the heroes of the defense of Leningrad, and the lines from Olga Berggolts’ epitaph “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten”, the memorable text on the friezes of the pavilions “To you, our selfless defenders...” by Mikhail Dudin are confirmation of this.
At the site of mass graves of residents of besieged Leningrad and warriors who defended the city in the period from 1945 to 1960, designed by architects A.V. Vasiliev and E.A. Levinson, a memorial complex was erected.
The grand opening of the memorial complex took place on May 9, 1960. Every year in memorable dates(January 27, May 8, June 22 and September 8) ceremonies of laying wreaths and flowers at the Motherland monument are held here.
In April 1961, the Resolution was approved: “... to consider the Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery as the main monument to the heroes who gave their lives for the happiness, freedom and independence of our Motherland...”. The same Resolution obliged the City Tour Bureau to include a visit to the memorial in its routes, and State Museum History of Leningrad was commissioned to create a museum exhibition and place it on the first floors of two pavilions. The exhibition was supposed to reflect the criminal plans of the Hitlerite command to destroy Leningrad, the difficult living conditions of Leningraders during the 900-day siege of the city, their courage, heroism, resilience, victory over the enemy, and the defeat of the Nazi troops near Leningrad. The exhibition was updated periodically. Today it occupies the first floor of the right pavilion. As before, the main focus of the exhibition is documentary photographs.
In the museum you can get acquainted with photographs and newsreels of the blockade - during the day there is a screening of the films "Memories of the Siege" and "City under Siege", mounted in 1990 at the Leningrad Documentary Film Studio from fragments filmed by military cameramen in besieged Leningrad at risk for life, as well as Sergei Larenkov’s film “Siege Album” (See the section in the left menu).
In the museum pavilion there is an information kiosk, with which visitors can search the electronic catalog of the Books of Memory "Siege. 1941-1944. Leningrad" (names of Leningrad residents who died during the siege), "Leningrad. 1941-1945" (names of soldiers called up in Leningrad, who died on various fronts of the Great Patriotic War), “They survived the siege. Leningrad” (names of Leningrad residents who survived the siege).
Eternal flame on the upper terrace of the Piskarevsky memorial it burns in memory of all the victims of the blockade and heroic defenders cities. The three-hundred-meter Central Alley stretches from the Eternal Flame to the Motherland monument. Red roses are planted along the entire length of the alley. From them to the left and to the right go sad hills of mass graves with slabs, on each of which the year of burial is carved, oak leaves are a symbol of courage and perseverance, a sickle and hammer are on the graves of residents, a five-pointed star is on the graves of soldiers, the grave number is stamped on the side of the slab. In mass graves rest 420 thousand residents of Leningrad who died from hunger, cold, disease, bombing and artillery shelling, as well as 70 thousand soldiers - defenders of Leningrad. There are also about 6 thousand individual military graves at the memorial.
The figure of “Mother Motherland” (sculptors V.V. Isaeva and R.K. Taurit) on a high pedestal is clearly legible against the backdrop of the endless sky. Her pose and bearing express strict solemnity, in her hands is a garland of oak leaves, braided mourning ribbon. It seems that the “Mother Motherland”, in whose name people sacrificed themselves, slowly and solemnly marches to the graves of her sons and daughters to lay a funeral garland on them.
A memorial wall-stele completes the ensemble. In the thickness of granite there are 6 reliefs reproducing episodes heroic life Leningraders during the siege. Sculptors B.E. Kaplyansky, A.L. Malakhin, M.A. Vainman and Kharlamova M.M. managed to reflect the self-sacrifice and cohesion, heroism and perseverance of the defenders of the besieged city, to create a monolithic unity in which sailors, soldiers, workers and the civilian population of the city stood shoulder to shoulder . On the side sections of the stele relief images of mourning banners at half-mast - symbols of eternal sadness . Its end parts are decorated with large wreaths woven from oak branches. Inside the wreaths are lowered torches with escaping flames - a symbol of extinct life. On the left and right, a soldier and a woman, a worker and a sailor, knelt down, paying their last respects to the dead.
In the center of the stele are the words of the epitaph of the poetess O.F. Bergholz, which sound like a hymn to the unconquered Leningrad. The line “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten” has particular power.
Along the eastern border of the cemetery there is a Memory Alley. In memory of the defenders of Leningrad, memorial plaques from cities and regions of our country, CIS countries and foreign countries, as well as organizations that worked in the besieged city, were installed on it.
An important role in the artistic appearance of the memorial ensemble, enhancing the overall impression of artistic unity, is played by large and small ponds, a pergola, a white marble pool, stone benches, obelisks on the upper terrace, granite rosettes with spillways in the span of arches of the retaining wall, a fence with cast iron grating, wickets - in artistic drawing which include branches with stems down, which symbolizes a departed, extinct life .
About 46 species of trees and shrubs are planted on the territory of the complex. The sad and solemn works of domestic and foreign composers sound over the memorial as an eternal reminder of the harsh times of the siege.
The Piskarevsky Memorial Ensemble is a unique composition where architecture, sculpture, poetry and music are fused together.
I haven’t been to the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery for a very long time.
This is the world's largest cemetery for victims of the Second World War. A kind of necropolis. The place is sad and holy.
The memorial is dedicated to the memory of all Leningraders and defenders of the city.
Once upon a time, our family lived in that area and every year we, schoolchildren, were taken there on memorable dates for the hero city of Leningrad to lay flowers at the Motherland monument and on the graves of the city’s defenders.
At that time, these house-districts that are now visible in the background did not yet exist...
On September 29, 1941, a secret document was issued at Hitler's headquarters, which stated:
“The Fuhrer decided to wipe the city of St. Petersburg from the face of the Earth... If, as a result of the situation created in the city, requests for surrender are made, they will be rejected, since the problems of preserving and feeding the population cannot and should not be resolved by us.”
The city was to be destroyed with all its inhabitants.
The blockade is a huge topic... Just some facts.
Bombing and artillery shelling: During the siege, approximately 150,000 shells were fired into the city and over 107,000 incendiary and high-explosive bombs were dropped. As a result, more than 5 million were destroyed square meters area. That is, every third house is in ruins.
Since the beginning of the war, my grandmother began working at a factory that produced shells. They lived with her son, my future dad, then on Fontanka, and my grandmother first left the four-year-old boy at home alone when she left for her shift.
There was more work, we worked seven days a week, and we had less physical strength to move around. And she took the child to the factory with her. Both lived there and slept by the machine. It was getting cold, we needed to take warm clothes. We came to the house, but he was not there...
The hunger of the first blockade autumn-winter decimated people everywhere - on the streets, in enterprises, in apartments. Entire families died out. The food standards introduced under the rationing system began to decline.
From November 20, 1941, as a result of a reduction in bread standards (other products were almost not sold due to their lack), employees, dependents, and children received 125 grams of bread for more than a month; 250 grams - workers, 500 grams - soldiers on the front line.
Mine received less than half a loaf of bread for two people for the whole day. And that's all. Every day just this.
Already in January 1942, all Leningrad cemeteries were simply littered with the bodies of the dead.
It was decided to bury people in a huge wasteland on the northern outskirts of the city. Burials were carried out daily in numbers ranging from three to ten thousand people. They were buried in huge trench graves. In the photo there are huge hills with signs indicating the year of burial. There are the most plates with the numbers 1942.
In addition to flowers, bread and sweets are placed on granite...
In just one day, February 20, 1942, 10,043 people were buried at the Piskarevskoye cemetery.
During the siege in Leningrad, more than a million people died (almost the same number of warriors-defenders of the city died on the battlefields and died in the city’s hospitals). Tens of thousands died during the evacuation.
In 186 mass graves lie 420 thousand city residents who died from hunger, bombing, shelling, and 70 thousand warriors who defended Leningrad.
The cemetery was named after the village of Piskarevka, located nearby at that time.
Now the Piskarevsky complex is not only a cemetery, but also a museum. The museum pavilion is located to the right of the main entrance. The pavilion on the left is the administration building.
The lights in the museum are dimmed and mournful music is playing. Here you can see photos and newsreels of the siege. They show documentary“Memories of the Siege” and the film “Siege Album”.
There is also an information kiosk in the museum pavilion, using which you can find the names of people in the electronic catalog of the Books of Memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad" (names of Leningrad residents who died in the Siege), "Leningrad 1941-1945" (names of soldiers drafted in Leningrad who died on various fronts of the Great Patriotic War), "They survived the Siege" (names of Leningrad residents who survived the Siege).
A three-hundred-meter central alley stretches from the Eternal Flame to the Motherland monument.
From it to the left and to the right go sad hills of mass graves with slabs, on each of which the year of burial is carved, oak leaves as a symbol of courage and perseverance. The hammer and sickle are on the graves of residents, as in the photographs above, and on the graves of warriors there is a five-pointed star.
There are also about 6 thousand individual military graves.
Just boys... Ivan Ivanovich.
Graves are not only military ones...
A faded photograph, half-erased words: “Mother of a soldier, you were an ordinary soldier of the hero city. Kolya.”
Who was this Kolya.. Son? It’s unlikely, I think... My son’s fellow soldier, his friend? Kolya is probably no longer alive either... No one is taking care of the grave.
And here, after the first and last name of the deceased, it is written in parentheses - “Sanitary train”.
The sailors of the cruiser "Kirov" are buried at the Piskarevskoye cemetery.
The participation of the cruiser "Kirov" in the defense of Tallinn allowed the troops retreating from the Baltic States to gain a foothold on the defense line and delay the German attack on Leningrad for a considerable time.
The Military Council of the Baltic Fleet, members of the Council of Ministers of the Estonian SSR, the valuables of the Estonian State Bank and the Red Banner of the Baltic Fleet were evacuated from Tallinn to Kronstadt.
Then the cruiser fired artillery from Kronstadt.
Almost every day the cruiser was attacked by enemy aircraft and received several hits from aerial bombs. Anti-aircraft gunners shot down three enemy planes. Then the cruiser was in Leningrad, from where it continued to fire at the enemy from a position on the Neva.
As a result of the German operations "Aisstoss" and "Götz von Berlichingen" in April - May 1942, the cruiser received 4 direct bomb hits and one artillery hit (not counting close explosions). A strong fire broke out, including in the artillery magazines, some of which had to be flooded to avoid an explosion. Many superstructures, the ship's reserve command post, and part of the premises and pipelines were damaged. 86 people were killed on the cruiser, 46 were injured.
February 27, 1943 by decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command in the fight against Nazi invaders and the courage and bravery demonstrated by the personnel, the cruiser "Kirov" was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Along the eastern border of the cemetery there is a Memory Alley.
In memory of the defenders of Leningrad, memorial plaques from cities and regions of our country, the CIS and foreign countries, as well as organizations that worked in the besieged city, were installed on it.
I arrived at the Piskarevsky memorial in the evening and thought that before the closing there would be few people. But I was wrong. Even when I left, which was just after nine, people were still coming to honor the memory of the fallen. Some people have relatives here forever.
Near the monument to the Motherland there are a lot of wreaths... From everyone.
Consulate General of Germany,
Thailand, Yamalo-Nenets District Russia, Finland...
Australia, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, South Ossetia...
Organizations: factories, FSB, mosque, church...
People carried and carried flowers...
Fresh review
Our last day in France began with a trip to Deauville, a resort town on the English Channel in Normandy. From Caen to Deauville it’s about 45 km; the whole way the guide talked about the customs that existed in France during her time in order to provide a basis for the emergence of this resort city. So at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, it was customary for the male population of France to have a wife from a socialite and a mistress from the ladies of the demimonde, or even a kept woman or courtesan. He had to support all these women according to their needs and status. In those days, it became fashionable to take wives and children to the sea for the summer, but this created inconvenience for men burdened with relationships with other women. Now the road from Paris to Deauville takes 2 hours, but in the 19th century everything was much more complicated. That’s why the resort of Deauville arose, very close to the already existing town of Trouville-sur-Mer. These two resorts became an ideal vacation spot for the nobility, even a proverb appeared: “A wife goes to Deauville, a mistress goes to Trouville,” especially since everything is nearby, just cross the Tuk River. This is roughly the story the guide told us, well, maybe more colorfully than I did.
Random entries
For Victory Day, I will begin publishing a book published by the Staatsvoerlag of the German Democratic Republic in Berlin in 1981. This book was presented to one of the WWII veterans by the administration of AZTM around the same year.
The full title of the book is “Monument to the Soviet Soldier-Liberator in Treptower Park. Past and present". Authors: “Young Historians” circle of the House of Young Pioneers of the Berlin city district of Treptow. Head Dr. Horst Koepstein.
There is one paragraph on the dust jacket:
The monument to the Soviet Soldier-Liberator in Treptower Park is evidence of the unforgettable heroism of sons and daughters Soviet people who gave their lives in the struggle for the liberation of humanity from Hitler's fascism. He calls and obliges people of all nationalities, sparing no effort, to fight for the preservation of peace on earth.
The next point on our journey was the port city of Saint-Malo on the English Channel at the mouth of the Rance River. This town is located a little more than 50 km from the Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel; it belongs to the region of Brittany, which occupies the peninsula of the same name, separating the English Channel from the Bay of Biscay. The ancestors of the Bretons (Celts) lived in the British Isles; starting from the 6th century, the Anglo-Saxons began to push them out, and willy-nilly they had to leave their homeland. Having settled on the opposite bank of the English Channel, the Celts named their new place of residence Little Brittany. Together with them, they moved here the legendary heroes: King Arthur and Merlin, Tristan and Isolde. In addition to legends, the Bretons have preserved their culture and language, which belongs to the Brythonic subgroup of Celtic languages. And this province officially became a territory of France only in 1532.
La Merveille, or in Russian transcription La Merveille, means "Miracle". The construction of this monastery complex began with the arrival of the Benedictine monks. At the beginning of the 11th century, their community numbered about 50 people, and in the middle of the 12th century it reached its maximum in history - 60 people. At the very top of the rock in 1022, construction began on a large church in romanesque style, and lasted until 1085. The top of the rock is not the best place for the construction of a huge structure, which, according to the canons, should be in the shape of a Latin cross and 80 m long. There was not a large enough platform for this, so the architects decided to first build three crypts on the slopes of the mountain, which would serve as the basis for the choir of the church and the wings of the transept or transverse nave. And the western side of the building will rest on the Church of Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. By the middle of the 12th century, the church was completed; it was crowned by a tower, which caused fires; the builders did not take into account that a tower on a mountain top in the middle of the sea would attract lightning.
Our trip to France was called "The Atlantic Coast of France", but on the first day we did not see the sea. But on the second day, our bus went straight to the shores of the English Channel, or rather, to a rocky island rising above the bay and called Mont Saint-Michel (Mount St. Michael). True, this rock was originally called Mon-Tumb (grave mountain). The origins of the abbey dedicated to the Archangel Michael are described in a 10th century manuscript. According to this text, in 708, the Archangel Michael appeared to Bishop Aubert from the city of Avranches in a dream and ordered him to build a church on the rock in his honor. Ober, however, did not pay due attention to this and the saint had to appear to the unbelieving Ober three times. The archangel’s patience is also not unlimited; in the end, he pointed his finger at the stubborn man’s skull. It is said that Aubert's skull, with the hole caused by Michael's touch, is still kept in the Avranches Museum. Thus, having understood the message, he nevertheless built a chapel on the rock, and even collected some relics in order to establish the cult of St. Michael in this place.
Resort area of the city. Surrounded by gardens and parks there are sanatoriums and holiday homes
I’ll finish my winter reviews with this note. These photos were taken by a German tourist in December 2013. There is a little bit of the Kaskelen Gorge and a little bit of Ushkonyr. In winter, really, everything is almost the same. In this review, everything is a little more beautiful than in the previous one about our city, but there are also plenty of photographs that the locals don’t take.
There are quite a lot of photographs, many of them are very similar. Commenting on natural beauty is quite boring, so basically everything will be without description.
Let me start with the fact that the Maralsay rest house is located not far from Almaty, and specifically beyond Talgar in the Talgar gorge or, more precisely, in the Maralsay gully. Maral is a deer and a beam, translated respectively as Deer.
First, a little road - the one that is already in the mountains. Getting to the mountains is not at all interesting and not particularly beautiful - you just drive along the Talgar highway through endless villages, gas stations, roadside shops and banquet halls. And then you turn into the Talgar Gorge and it immediately becomes beautiful.
It was mid-February. We ordered a transfer from home to the recreation center and back - we were told that we would not get there in a regular sedan. The road, in general, showed that they were right - not to say that there was ice, but the road was snowy and the slopes were not small - the all-wheel drive pickup truck skidded and sometimes the driver engaged the locks.
In the previous article about Rouen, I started right away with the main attraction - the Rouen Cathedral, since the cathedral is the holy of holies in European cities. It has been built for centuries and to last, and they try to decorate it more elaborately. But Rouen is famous not only for its cathedral. The city suffered greatly during the Second World War, especially from British bombing in April 1944 and American bombing in May-June of the same year. During these air raids, the cathedral and the historical quarter adjacent to it were significantly damaged. Fortunately, most of the most iconic historical monuments city was reconstructed or rebuilt within 15 post-war years, thanks to which Rouen is in the top five French cities in terms of the antiquity of its historical heritage.
From Champagne we had to move to Normandy. From Reims to the main city of Normandy - Rouen - just over 200 km. After a practically sleepless night, I dozed off while the guide told me about the opening of a second front during World War II. It’s not that it wasn’t interesting, it’s just that I’ve already heard and seen something on TV on Discovery Channel and History, and sometimes I opened my eyes when the guide pointed in one direction or another. But green meadows spread around, the sun was shining and nothing reminded of the war. “It clicked” in her head only when she began to talk about the feat of an American soldier who, showing remarkable ingenuity, was able to make his way to a German firing point, using the body of a dead comrade as a refuge. And thoughts themselves flowed in a different direction. Still, there are events in the assessment of which we will never meet Western requirements. Intellectually, I understand that in war all means are good, but we were brought up with other examples. Our people recklessly cover the embrasure with their bodies so that their comrades remain alive.
Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery in is located in an area called Piskarevka, hence the name of the burial place of soldiers of the Leningrad Front, townspeople who died during the siege days and died of hunger. Approximately 470,000 people were buried in large mass graves. Most of the names remain unknown.
On the day of the Victory celebration in 1960, on an area of more than 26 hectares, a memorial complex was opened, in the center of which there was a bronze sculpture - a symbol of the “Motherland” and a funeral stele. We worked on the ensemble famous sculptors, architects, among them A. Vasiliev, E. Levinson, R. Taurit, V. Isaeva, M. Weinman, B. Kaplyansky, A. Malakhin and M. Kharlamova. At the entrance there are 2 pavilions that house the museum. The museum's archives contain a large number of historically valuable and Russian citizens documents - lists of people lying in the mass graves of the Piskarevskoye cemetery, their letters, photographs, things, records of Tanya Savicheva.
Near the pavilions burns the Eternal Flame, lit from the burning flames on the Champs of Mars.
In the depths of the complex you can find a wall with bas-reliefs on which there are lines from the poems of Olga Berggolts. The famous poetess did not leave Leningrad throughout the 900 days of its siege. Behind the bas-reliefs there is a large marble basin built; at its bottom a flaming torch is visible, enclosed in a mourning frame. The design of the fence is created in the form of stone urns, among which living twigs make their way, as a symbol of the victory of life over death.
Already in the current century, the memorial complex was supplemented by another memorial slab, called the “Siege Desk”. It was created as a memory of teachers who worked during the siege days, and of children who, despite hunger, attended classes. Students from school No. 144 proposed erecting such a monument. The proposal of the students of this school was recognized as the best in 2003.
Piskarevka is a small plot of land that was once owned by a landowner with the surname Piskarevsky. When it was empty, it was decided to locate the Leningrad cemetery on it. These were the 30s of the last century. After the war, this area began to be intensively developed, and the cemetery ended up in the center of the city.
You can get to the memorial from the station. metro station "Ploshchad Muzhestva" From there you need to take buses No. 123, 178, along the route of increasing numbers to the stop. " Piskarevskoe cemetery».
PISKAREVSKOYE CEMETERY in Saint Petersburg e on Vyborg side. During the Great Patriotic War, the main place of mass graves for victims of the siege (about 470 thousand) and participants in the defense of Leningrad. Architectural sculptural memorial (1956 60,... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Cemetery Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery Monument “Motherland” at Piskaryovskoye Cemetery ... Wikipedia
Piskarevskoe cemetery- PISKAREVO CEMETERY, in Leningrad on the Vyborg side. Founded in 19411944 burial place of victims of the siege of Leningrad and soldiers of the Leningrad Front (total of about 470 thousand people). Largest number deaths occurred in the winter of 194142 (so, 15... ...
Piskarevskoe cemetery- Piskarevskoe cemetery. Piskarevskoe cemetery. General form memorial ensemble. Saint Petersburg. Piskarevskoye cemetery, memorial cemetery, the main place of mass graves of Leningraders who died of hunger and died during the siege... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
In Leningrad, the memorial cemetery is the main place of mass graves of Leningraders who died during the siege of the city (1941-42), and soldiers of the Leningrad Front who died during the Great Patriotic War 1941-45. Located in the north... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
In St. Petersburg, on the Vyborg side. During the Great Patriotic War, the main place of mass graves for victims of the siege (about 470 thousand) and participants in the defense of Leningrad. Architectural sculptural memorial (1956 1960, architect... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery- arch. ensemble on the territory Piskarevsky forest park, dedicated. those who fell during the siege and defense of Leningrad in Vel. Fatherland war. The memorial was opened on May 9, 1960. The authors of the project are architect. A. Vasiliev and E. Levinson. The entrance to the cemetery is marked by propylaea pavilions, on... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
Leningrad- LENINGRAD, hero city, regional center in the RSF Compare located in the delta of the river. Neva. Us. in 1939 3.1 million people. (in 1983 about 4.8 million people). The most important industrial and scientific industry after Moscow. And Cultural Center Compare The largest pestilence. And River port, and … Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia
Kuzma Petrov Vodkin. “Death of a Commissar”, 1928, State Russian Music... Wikipedia
Siege of the city of Leningrad- (now St. Petersburg) during the Great Patriotic War was carried out by German troops from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 with the goal of breaking the resistance of the city’s defenders and taking possession of it. While launching an attack on the USSR, the Germans... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Books
- Metro 2033. Muzhestva Square, Ermakov Dmitry Sergeevich, Ermakova Natalya. "Metro 2033" by Dmitry Glukhovsky - a cult science fiction novel, the most discussed Russian book recent years. Circulation - half a million, translations into dozens of languages, plus a grandiose...
- Photo chronicle of St. Petersburg. Almanac, 2010. Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, . The siege of Leningrad is the most tragic page in the history of the city, in the history of the Second World War. Not a single city in the world in the entire history of wars gave so many lives for Victory as Leningrad. Behind…
