Years of life: from 03/31/1882 to 10/28/1969
Russian Soviet writer, poet, prose writer, translator, literary critic, publicist, critic, Doctor of Philology. His wonderful fairy tales for children are still known and loved in every family.
Real name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov. Born in St. Petersburg in poor family(patronymic - Vasilyevich - given by the name of the priest who baptized him).
The father, St. Petersburg student Emmanuel Levenson, in whose family Chukovsky’s mother was a servant, three years after Kolya’s birth, left her, his son and daughter Marusya. They moved south.
He spent his childhood in Odessa and Nikolaev. At the Odessa gymnasium, he met and became friends with Boris Zhitkov, in the future also a famous children's writer. Chukovsky often went to Zhitkov’s house, where he used the rich library collected by Boris’s parents.
But the future poet was expelled from the gymnasium due to his “low” origin, according to a special decree (known as the “decree on cook’s children”). But the young man did not give up, he studied independently, studied English and French and passed the exams, receiving a matriculation certificate.
Chukovsky began to be interested in poetry from early years: wrote poems and even poems. And in 1901, his first article appeared in the newspaper "Odessa News", where he was brought by an older friend from the gymnasium, later a famous thinker and political figure, ideologist of the Zionist movement Vladimir Jabotinsky.
He wrote articles on the most different topics- from philosophy to feuilletons. In 1903-1904, as a correspondent for this newspaper, Chukovsky lived in London, sending his articles and notes to Russia, and also visiting the free reading room libraries British Museum where I read voraciously English writers, historians, philosophers, publicists, those who helped him develop own style, which was later called “paradoxical and witty.” There he met Arthur Conan Doyle, Herbert Wells and other English writers.
After returning, he settled in St. Petersburg and started literary criticism, collaborated in the magazine “Libra”. Then he organized the satirical magazine "Signal" (financed by the singer Bolshoi Theater L. Sobinov), where cartoons and poems with anti-government content were posted. The magazine was subjected to repression for “defaming the existing order”; the publisher was sentenced to six months in prison. Although he was acquitted in court, he spent some time in a pre-trial detention cell, where he translated the poems of Walt Whitman. In 1907, these translations were published as a separate book. Gradually, the name of Chukovsky became widely known.
Its sharp critical articles and essays were published in periodicals, and subsequently compiled into the books “From Chekhov to the Present Day” (1908), “ Critical stories"(1911), "Faces and Masks" (1914), "Futurists" (1922).
Chukovsky's creative interests constantly expanded, his work acquired an increasingly universal, encyclopedic character over time. In 1912, the writer settled in the Finnish town of Kuokkola, where he became friends with I. Repin, V. Korolenko, L. Andreev, A. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky and others. All of them later became characters in his memoirs and essays, and his home handwritten the almanac Chukokkala (the name was invented by Repin), in which dozens of celebrities left their creative autographs - from Repin to A.I. Solzhenitsyn - over time turned into priceless cultural monument.
The Chukovsky family lived in Kuokkala until 1917. They had three children - Nikolai, Lydia (later both became famous writers, and Lydia - also a famous human rights activist) and Boris (died at the front in the first months of the Great Patriotic War). Patriotic War). In 1920, already in St. Petersburg, a daughter, Maria (Mura - she was the “heroine” of many of Chukovsky’s children’s poems) was born, who died in 1931 from tuberculosis.
In 1916, at the invitation of Gorky, Chukovsky headed the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Then he himself began to write children's poems, and then prose.
Poetic tales 
“Crocodile” (1916), “Moidodyr” and “Cockroach” (1923), “Tsokotukha Fly” (1924), “Barmaley” (1925), “Telephone” (1926) “Aibolit” (1929) - remain a favorite read several generations of children. However, in the 20s and 30s. they were harshly criticized for “lack of ideas” and “formalism”; There was even the term “Chukovism”.
From works for children, Chukovsky logically came to the study of children's language - and here he can be considered a pioneer. In 1928, the book “Little Children” was published, which later received the title “From Two to Five.” The book was reprinted 21 times and was replenished with each new edition.
And many years later, Chukovsky again acted as a linguist - he wrote a book about the Russian language, “Alive as Life” (1962), where he angrily and wittily attacked bureaucratic cliches, the “bureaucracy.”
The versatility of Chukovsky’s interests was expressed in his literary activity: translations, studying literature for children, children's verbal creativity. Through his efforts, the first Soviet collection of Nekrasov’s poems with scientific comments, “Nekrasov as an Artist” (1922), and a collection of articles “Nekrasov” (1926) were published. And as a result of many years research work became the book “The Mastery of Nekrasov” (1952), for which in 1962 the author received the Lenin Prize.
As a translator, Chukovsky opened up W. Whitman (to whom he also dedicated the study My Whitman), R. Kipling, and O. Wilde to the Russian reader. Translated M. Twain, G. Chesterton, O. Henry, A. K. Doyle, W. Shakespeare, retold “Robinson Crusoe”, “Baron Munchausen” for children, many biblical stories and Greek myths. At the same time he studied translation theory. Chukovsky owns a whole series of books on the craft of translation: “Principles of Literary Translation” (1919), “The Art of Translation” (1930, 1936), “ High art"(1941, 1968).
Chukovsky also studied Russian literature of the 1860s, the works of Shevchenko, Chekhov, and Blok. IN last years During his life, he published essays about Zoshchenko, Zhitkov, Akhmatova, Pasternak and many others.
The complexity of Chukovsky’s life - on the one hand, a famous and recognized Soviet writer, on the other - a man who has not forgiven the authorities for much, who does not accept much, who is forced to hide his views, who is constantly worried about his “dissident” daughter - all this was revealed to the reader only after the publication of his diaries writer, where dozens of pages were torn out, and not a word was said about some years (like 1938).
In 1958, Chukovsky was the only Soviet writer to congratulate Boris Pasternak on the award Nobel Prize; after this seditious visit to his neighbor in Peredelkino, he was forced to write a humiliating explanation.
K. Chukovsky died on October 28, 1968 at the age of 87 years. He was buried in the village of Peredelkino, where he lived long years.
Now there is a museum in Chukovsky’s house, the opening of which was also associated with great difficulties. Rare photographs related to his biography, drawings by V. Mayakovsky, paintings by I. Repin, K. Korovin, engravings from the 60s of the 19th century are stored there - an echo of interest in Nekrasov and his era. The books on the shelves (and there are many of them, bookcases covering all the walls of the rooms from floor to ceiling, more than 6 thousand of them, and they all made up a working library) reflect Chukovsky’s multifaceted literary interests; many of them with autographs of the authors and countless notes from Korney Ivanovich himself.
Germanophobia, as is known, since 1914 has gripped almost all layers of Russian society. I'm not even talking about the senseless renaming of St. Petersburg to Petrograd. The writer L. Panteleev recalled “posters printed in the printing house that hung on each landing of the main staircase of the Puryshevsky house on Fontanka, 54:
"It is forbidden to speak German."
Crocodile Chukovsky faces a similar charge:
"How dare you walk here,
Do you speak German?"
In 1927, the USSR declared war on fairy tales. They say that stories about self-assembled tablecloths, golden apples and talking animals take Soviet children away from everyday life into the world of bourgeois fantasies. Disorder! “Aibolit” came under the knife of censorship. The fourth edition of Barmaley was banned. The motive is “unacceptability from a pedagogical point of view.”
And in February 1928, Pravda published an article by Krupskaya “About Chukovsky’s Crocodile”: “Such chatter is disrespect for the child. First, he is lured with carrots - cheerful, innocent rhymes and comical images, and at the same time they are given some kind of dregs to swallow, which will not pass without a trace for him. I think we don’t need to give “Krokodil” to our guys...”
The speech of Lenin's widow meant at that time a virtual ban on the profession.
After some time, Chukovsky (his daughter also fell ill with tuberculosis) published a letter in Literaturka in which he renounced fairy tales.
He really won’t write a single fairy tale after this. But each new generation of parents, for how many years in a row, continues to put their children to bed, reading to them aloud: “Fly, Fly-touching, gilded belly...”
Korney Ivanovich was half Jewish
Writer's Awards
In 1957, Chukovsky was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Philological Sciences
Also in 1962, he received an honorary Doctor of Letters from Oxford University.
Bibliography
(1908)
(Critical Stories) (1914)
Faces and Masks (1914)
People and books of the sixties
Nekrasov as an artist (1922)
The Futurists (1922)
Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich (1882-1969), real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov, Russian writer, poet, translator, literary critic.
Born March 19 (31), 1882 in St. Petersburg. The writer suffered for many years from the fact that he was “illegitimate.” The father was Emmanuel Solomonovich Levenson, in whose family Korney Chukovsky’s mother lived as a servant. His father left them, and his mother, a Poltava peasant woman Ekaterina Osipovna Korneychukova, moved to Odessa. There he was sent to a gymnasium, but in the fifth grade he was expelled due to his low origin. He described these events in his autobiographical story “The Silver Coat of Arms.” I was self-educated and studied English language. Since 1901, Chukovsky began writing articles in Odessa News. Chukovsky was introduced into literature by the journalist Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky, who later became an outstanding Zionist political figure. Then in 1903 he was sent as a correspondent to London, where he became thoroughly acquainted with English literature. Returning to Russia during the 1905 revolution, Chukovsky was captured revolutionary events, visited the battleship Potemkin, collaborated in the magazine V.Ya. Bryusov "Scales", then began publishing the satirical magazine "Signal" in St. Petersburg. Among the magazine's authors were such famous writers as Kuprin, Fyodor Sologub and Teffi. After the fourth issue, he was arrested for lese majeste. Fortunately for Korney Ivanovich, he was defended by the famous lawyer Gruzenberg, who achieved an acquittal.
In 1906, Korney Ivanovich arrived in the Finnish town of Kuokkala, where he became close acquaintances with the artist Repin and the writer Korolenko. The writer also maintained contacts with N.N. Evreinov, L.N. Andreev, A.I. Kuprin, V.V. Mayakovsky. All of them subsequently became characters in his memoirs and essays, and the home handwritten almanac of Chukokkala, in which dozens of celebrities left their creative autographs - from Repin to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, - over time turned into an invaluable cultural monument. Here he lived for about 10 years. From the combination of the words Chukovsky and Kuokkala, “Chukokkala” (invented by Repin) is formed - the name of the handwritten humorous almanac that Korney Ivanovich led to last days own life.
In 1907, Chukovsky published translations of Walt Whitman. The book became popular, which increased Chukovsky's fame in the literary community. Chukovsky becomes an influential critic, trashes tabloid literature (articles about A. Verbitskaya, L. Charskaya, the book “Nat Pinkerton and modern literature”, etc.) Chukovsky’s sharp articles were published in periodicals, and then he compiled the books “From Chekhov to the Present Day” (1908), “Critical Stories” (1911), “Faces and Masks” (1914), “Futurists” (1922) and others. Chukovsky is the first researcher in Russia “ popular culture" Chukovsky's creative interests constantly expanded, his work acquired an increasingly universal, encyclopedic character over time.
Having started on the advice of V.G. Korolenko to the study of the legacy of N.A. Nekrasov, Chukovsky made many textual discoveries, managed to change the poet’s aesthetic reputation for the better (in particular, he conducted a questionnaire survey “Nekrasov and We"). Through his efforts, the first Soviet collection of Nekrasov’s poems was published. Chukovsky completed work on it only in 1926, having revised a lot of manuscripts and provided the texts with scientific comments. The result of this research work was the book “Nekrasov’s Mastery”, 1952, (Lenin Prize, 1962). Along the way, Chukovsky studied the poetry of T.G. Shevchenko, literature of the 1860s, biography and creativity of A.P. Chekhov.
Having headed the children's department of the Parus publishing house at the invitation of M. Gorky, Chukovsky himself began to write poetry (then prose) for children. Around this time, Korney Ivanovich began to become interested in children's literature. In 1916, Chukovsky compiled the collection “Yolka” and wrote his first fairy tale “Crocodile” (1916).
Chukovsky's work in the field of children's literature naturally led him to the study of children's language, of which he became the first researcher. This became his real passion - the psyche of children and how they master speech. Get him out famous fairy tales“Moidodyr” and “Cockroach” (1923), “Fly-Tsokotukha” (1924), “Barmaley” (1925), “Telephone” (1926) are unsurpassed masterpieces of literature “for little ones”, still published today, so you can to say that already in these fairy tales Chukovsky successfully used knowledge of children's perception of the world and native speech. He recorded his observations of children and their verbal creativity in the book “Little Children” (1928), later called “From Two to Five” (1933).
“All my other works are overshadowed to such an extent by my children’s fairy tales that in the minds of many readers, except for “Moidodyrs” and “Mukh-Tsokotukh”, I wrote nothing at all.”
Chukovsky’s children’s poems were subjected to severe persecution during the Stalinist era, although it is known that Stalin himself repeatedly quoted “The Cockroach.” The initiator of the persecution was N.K. Krupskaya, and inappropriate criticism also came from Agnia Barto. Among editors, even such a term arose - “Chukovism”.
In the 1930s and later, Chukovsky did a lot of translations and began to write memoirs, which he worked on until the end of his life. Chukovsky opened up W. Whitman (to whom he also devoted the study “My Whitman”), R. Kipling, and O. Wilde to the Russian reader. Translated by M. Twain, G. Chesterton, O. Henry, A.K. Doyle, W. Shakespeare, wrote retellings of the works of D. Defoe, R.E. for children. Raspe, J. Greenwood.
In 1957, Chukovsky was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Philology, and in 1962 - the honorary title of Doctor of Literature from Oxford University. As a linguist, Chukovsky wrote a witty and temperamental book about the Russian language, “Alive as Life” (1962), resolutely speaking out against bureaucratic cliches, the so-called “bureaucracy.” As a translator, Chukovsky deals with the theory of translation, creating one of the most authoritative books in this field - “High Art” (1968).
In the 1960s, K. Chukovsky also started retelling the Bible for children. He attracted writers and literary figures to this project, and carefully edited their work. The project itself was very difficult due to the anti-religious position Soviet power. A book called " Tower of Babel and other ancient legends" was published by the publishing house "Children's Literature" in 1968. However, the entire circulation was destroyed by the authorities. The first book publication available to the reader took place in 1990.
Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky died on October 28, 1969 from viral hepatitis. At his dacha in Peredelkino (Moscow region), where he lived most of his life, his museum now operates there.
Probably everyone from the cradle. The biography of Korney Chukovsky began in St. Petersburg in 1882. His mother, Ekaterina Osipovna, gave birth to a boy from Emmanuel Levenson, in whose family she worked as a servant. The father abandoned them, and the mother and sons moved to live in Odessa, where they spent their childhood years before anyone famous writer, whose name was then Nikolai.
The biography of Korney Chukovsky is rich and multifaceted. As a child, Nikolai felt defective because he did not have a father, like other children, and he suffered greatly from this. In addition, due to his “low” origin, the boy was expelled from the gymnasium and he, having desire study, began to engage in self-education and managed to obtain a matriculation certificate.
At a very early age, Nikolai began writing poetry, then articles for newspapers. In 1901, Odessa News published his first article. Thus began the biography of Korney Chukovsky as a writer, and a close, long-term collaboration with this newspaper began. Two years later, the boy leaves for St. Petersburg, having a firm goal in mind - to become a writer.
In St. Petersburg, he continues to collaborate with the Odessa News newspaper, writes articles for it, and then the editors, appreciating the abilities of the talented young man, send him as their correspondent to London. There Nikolai gets the opportunity to study personally and meets Herbert Wells and Arthur Conan Doyle.
The biography of Korney Chukovsky is interesting and instructive. Having become a literary critic upon returning to Russia, the writer organizes the satirical magazine “Signal”, and is not afraid to publish caricatures of the government in it, for which he is arrested. His acquaintance with A. Kuprin, A. Blok and other prominent writers will give him much in his professional development.
Real name which was Nikolai Korneychukov, after returning from abroad, where he was the head of the children's department created at the Parus publishing house. From that moment his life changes. Chukovsky, who had never written for children, begins to find in himself a penchant for writing. He gets himself a notebook, where he writes down various children's expressions, sayings, turns of speech. Until the end of his days, he did not give up this activity, which is why his children's works became so famous and loved.
This is how it was born children's writer Korney Chukovsky. A biography for children says that his first fairy tales, “The Kingdom of Dogs” and “Chicken,” made him a real children’s writer and he will remain so until the end of his days. Then the fairy tale “Crocodile” appears, which he first told his son on the way to St. Petersburg, and then published. The fairy tale was very popular with children.
His works are characterized by bright images, unusual characters, clear rhyme, which were remembered by children, stimulating their imagination. Except own compositions, the writer took up translations foreign works. This is how translations of such wonderful writers as Defoe and Kipling, Mark Twain and O. Henry appeared in our country. They were also designed with wonderful illustrations, making these books even more attractive to the reader.
In 1923, his famous “Cockroach” and “Moidodyr” were released, and in 1933 his work of many years, “From Two to Five,” was published. Chukovsky for a long time observed children, studied their psyche, verbal creativity, which was then expressed in this work, which has since been expanded and republished a large number of times.
In the 60s, Chukovsky began retelling the Bible for children. Several writers pursued this project under his leadership, despite the government's anti-religious policies. As a result, “The Tower of Babel...” was published in 1968, but was destroyed full edition. It was only in 1990 that the book became available for reading to the general public.
Korney Chukovsky, a people's favorite and outstanding children's writer, died of hepatitis in October 1969. In his estate in Peredelkino, where Korney spent the last years of his life, a museum of the writer was created.
March 31 marks the 130th anniversary of the birth of the Russian writer and translator Korney Chukovsky.
Russian and Soviet poet, writer, critic, literary critic, translator Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (real name Nikolai Ivanovich Korneychukov) was born on March 31 (19 according to the old style) March 1882 in St. Petersburg. Chukovsky's father, St. Petersburg student Emmanuel Levenson, in whose family Chukovsky's mother, peasant woman Ekaterina Korneychukova, was a servant, left her three years after the birth of his son. Together with my son and eldest daughter she was forced to leave for Odessa.
Nikolai studied at the Odessa gymnasium, but in 1898 he was expelled from the fifth grade when, according to a special decree (decree on cooks’ children), educational establishments freed from children of low birth.
WITH teenage years Chukovsky led a working life, read a lot, and independently studied English and French.
In 1901, Chukovsky began publishing in the newspaper "Odessa News", where he was brought by an older friend from the gymnasium, later a politician, ideologist of the Zionist movement, Vladimir Jabotinsky.
In 1903-1904, Chukovsky was sent to London as a correspondent for Odessa News. Almost every day he visited the free reading room of the British Museum library, where he read English writers, historians, philosophers, and publicists. This helped the writer subsequently develop his own style, which was later called paradoxical and witty.
Since August 1905, Chukovsky lived in St. Petersburg, collaborated with many St. Petersburg magazines, and organized (with the subsidy of singer Leonid Sobinov) a weekly magazine political satire"Signal". Fedor Sologub, Teffi, Alexander Kuprin were published in the magazine. For his bold cartoons and anti-government poems in four published issues, Chukovsky was arrested and sentenced to six months in prison.
In 1906, he became a permanent contributor to Valery Bryusov's magazine "Scales". From this year, Chukovsky also collaborated with the Niva magazine and the Rech newspaper, where he published critical essays about modern writers, later collected in the books “From Chekhov to the Present Day” (1908), “Critical Stories” (1911), “Faces and Masks” (1914), “Futurists” (1922).
Since the fall of 1906, Chukovsky settled in Kuokkala (now the village of Repino), where he became close to the artist Ilya Repin and lawyer Anatoly Koni, met Vladimir Korolenko, Alexander Kuprin, Fyodor Chaliapin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Leonid Andreev, Alexei Tolstoy. Later, Chukovsky spoke about many cultural figures in his memoirs - “Repin. Gorky. Mayakovsky. Bryusov. Memoirs” (1940), “From Memoirs” (1959), “Contemporaries” (1962).
In Kuokkala, the poet translated "Leaves of Grass" by the American poet Walt Whitman (published in 1922), wrote articles on children's literature ("Save the Children" and "God and Child", 1909) and the first fairy tales (almanac "Firebird", 1911 ). An almanac of autographs and drawings was also collected here, reflecting creative life several generations of artists - "Chukokkala", the name of which was invented by Repin.
This humorous handwritten almanac, in which Alexander Blok, Zinaida Gippius, Nikolai Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Ilya Repin, as well as writers Arthur Conan Doyle and H.G. Wells, was first published in 1979 in an abridged version.
In February-March 1916, Chukovsky made a second trip to England as part of a delegation of Russian journalists at the invitation of the British government. In the same year, Maxim Gorky invited him to head the children's department of the Parus publishing house. The result collaboration became the almanac "Yolka", published in 1918.
In the fall of 1917, Korney Chukovsky returned to Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), where he lived until 1938.
In 1918-1924 he was part of the management of the World Literature publishing house.
In 1919, he participated in the creation of the House of Arts and headed its literary department.
In 1921, Chukovsky organized a dacha colony for Petrograd writers and artists in Kholomki (Pskov province), where he “saved his family and himself from hunger,” and took part in the creation of the children’s department of the Epoch publishing house (1924).
In 1924-1925 he worked in the magazine "Russian Contemporary", where his books "Alexander Blok as a Man and a Poet" and "Two Souls of Maxim Gorky" were published.
In Leningrad, Chukovsky published books for children "Crocodile" (published in 1917 under the title "Vanya and the Crocodile"), "Moidodyr" (1923), "Cockroach" (1923), "Tsokotukha Fly" (1924, under the title "Mukhina" wedding"), "Barmaley" (1925), "Aibolit" (1929, entitled "The Adventures of Aibolit") and the book "From Two to Five", which was first published in 1928 under the title "Little Children".
Children's fairy tales became the reason for the persecution of Chukovsky that began in the 1930s, the so-called fight against “Chukovism,” initiated by Nadezhda Krupskaya, the wife of Vladimir Lenin. On February 1, 1928, her article “About K. Chukovsky’s Crocodile” was published in the Pravda newspaper. On March 14, Maxim Gorky spoke in defense of Chukovsky on the pages of Pravda with his “Letter to the Editor.” In December 1929, in the Literaturnaya Gazeta, Korney Chukovsky publicly renounced his fairy tales and promised to create a collection of “Merry Collective Farms”. He was depressed by the event and after that he could not write for a long time. By his own admission, from that time on he turned from an author to an editor. The campaign of persecution of Chukovsky because of fairy tales was resumed in 1944 and 1946 - critical articles were published about “Let's overcome Barmaley” (1943) and “Bibigon” (1945).
From 1938 until the end of his life, Korney Chukovsky lived in Moscow and at his dacha in Peredelkino, near Moscow. He left the capital only during the Great Patriotic War, from October 1941 to 1943, evacuating to Tashkent.
In Moscow, Chukovsky published children's fairy tales "The Stolen Sun" (1945), "Bibigon" (1945), "Thanks to Aibolit" (1955), "Fly in the Bath" (1969). For younger children school age Chukovsky retold ancient greek myth about Perseus, translated English folk songs ("Barabek", "Jenny", "Kotausi and Mausi" and others). In Chukovsky's retelling, children became acquainted with "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen" by Erich Raspe, "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe, and "The Little Rag" by James Greenwood. Chukovsky translated Kipling's fairy tales, works by Mark Twain ("Tom Sawyer" and "Huckleberry Finn"), Gilbert Chesterton, O. Henry ("Kings and Cabbages", stories).
Devoting a lot of time to literary translation, Chukovsky wrote the research work “The Art of Translation” (1936), later revised into “High Art” (1941), expanded editions of which were published in 1964 and 1968.
Fascinated by English-language literature, Chukovsky explored the detective genre, which was gaining momentum in the first half of the 20th century. He read a lot of detective stories, copied out particularly good passages from them, and “collected” methods of murder. He was the first in Russia to talk about the emerging phenomenon of mass culture, citing as an example detective genre in literature and cinema in the article "Nat Pinkerton and Modern Literature" (1908).
Korney Chukovsky was a historian and researcher of the work of the poet Nikolai Nekrasov. He owned the books “Stories about Nekrasov” (1930) and “The Mastery of Nekrasov” (1952), published dozens of articles about the Russian poet, and found hundreds of Nekrasov’s lines banned by censorship. Articles about Vasily Sleptsov, Nikolai Uspensky, Avdotya Panayeva, Alexander Druzhinin are devoted to the era of Nekrasov.
Treating language as a living being, Chukovsky in 1962 wrote a book “Alive as Life” about the Russian language, in which he described several problems of modern speech, main disease which he called “kancelerit” - a word invented by Chukovsky, denoting the contamination of the language with bureaucratic cliches.
The famous and recognized writer Korney Chukovsky, as a thinking person, did not accept many things in Soviet society. In 1958, Chukovsky was the only Soviet writer to congratulate Boris Pasternak on being awarded the Nobel Prize. He was one of the first to discover Solzhenitsyn, the first in the world to write an admiring review of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and gave the writer shelter when he fell into disgrace. In 1964, Chukovsky worked in defense of the poet Joseph Brodsky, who was put on trial for “parasitism.”
In 1957, Korney Chukovsky was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Philology, and in 1962 - the honorary title of Doctor of Literature from Oxford University.
Chukovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor and medals. In 1962, he was awarded the Lenin Prize for his book “The Mastery of Nekrasov.”
Korney Chukovsky died in Moscow on October 28, 1969. The writer is buried at the Peredelkinskoye cemetery.
On May 25, 1903, Chukovsky married Maria Borisovna Goldfeld (1880-1955). The Chukovsky couple had four children - Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria. Eleven-year-old Maria died in 1931 from tuberculosis, Boris died in 1942 near Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.
Chukovsky's eldest son Nikolai (1904-1965) was also a writer. He is the author biographical stories about James Cook, Jean La Perouse, Ivan Kruzenshtern, the novel “Baltic Sky” about the defenders of besieged Leningrad, psychological stories and stories, translations.
Daughter Lydia (1907-1996) - writer and human rights activist, author of the story "Sofya Petrovna" (1939-1940, published in 1988), which is a contemporary testimony about the tragic events of 1937, works about Russian writers, memoirs about Anna Akhmatova, and also works on the theory and practice of editorial art.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources.
Chukovsky, Korney Ivanovich- Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. CHUKOVSKY Korney Ivanovich (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882 1969), Russian writer. Works for children in poetry and prose (“Moidodyr”, “Cockroach”, “Aibolit”, etc.) are constructed in the form... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov), Russian Soviet writer, critic, literary critic, translator. Doctor of Philology (1957). Was expelled from the 5th grade of Odessa... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (real name and last name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882 1969) Russian writer, literary critic, Doctor of Philology. Works for children in verse and prose (Moidodyr, Cockroach, Aibolit, etc.) are constructed in the form of a comic action story... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary
- (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882 1969), writer, critic, literary historian. Born in St. Petersburg, his childhood years were spent in Odessa. From August 1905 he lived in St. Petersburg at 5 Akademichesky Lane, from 1906 to... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
- (03/19/1882, St. Petersburg 10/28/1969, Moscow), writer, critic, literary critic. Laureate of the Lenin Prize for literary criticism; Awarded the Order of Lenin and other orders and medals. He graduated from six classes of the gymnasium. Writer, poet... Encyclopedia of Cinema
Real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov (1882 1969), Russian writer, literary critic, Doctor of Philology (1961). At the beginning of the 20th century. caustic, witty articles about Russian literature. IN popular works for children in... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (born 1882; pseudonym N.I. Kornichuk) literary critic, children's writer. Ch. acted during the years of reaction after 1905 as an influential critic and feuilletonist, an exponent of the ideology of the liberal intelligentsia. Collaborated in the magazines "Russian Thought", ... ... Large biographical encyclopedia
Korney Chukovsky Birth name: Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov Date of birth: March 19 (31), 1882 (18820331) Place of birth: Saint Petersburg... Wikipedia
- (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882, St. Petersburg 1969, Moscow), writer, literary critic, translator, Doctor of Philology (1957). Self-taught high level education; mastered it perfectly... Moscow (encyclopedia)
CHUKOVSKY Korney Ivanovich- (real name and last name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (18821969), Russian Soviet writer, literary critic. Fairy tales for children in verse “Crocodile” (1917), “Moidodyr”, “Cockroach” (both 1923), “The Cluttering Fly”, “Miracle Tree” (both ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary
Books
- Korney Chukovsky. Fairy tales in verse, Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich. K.I. Chukovsky wrote his first fairy tale in verse for his children. And then new and new fairy tales began to appear. All the kids were already waiting for them. And then kids all over the world began to read these wonderful fairy tales...
- Chukovsky All tales of K. Chukovsky. Read by children from kindergarten (2nd edition), Chukovsky, Korney Ivanovich. The book “All the fairy tales of K. Chukovsky are read by children from kindergarten" - a collection of works that K. Chukovsky, Korney’s grandfather, composed for children, as with love. little readers call it...
