The meaning of the title “Who lives well in Rus'. Essay on the topic “The meaning of the title of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov” Who Lives Well in Rus' the meaning of the title

The “Prologue” begins the action. Seven

Peasants argue about “who lives happily and freely in Russia.” The men do not yet understand that the question of who is happier - the priest, the landowner, the merchant, the official or the tsar - reveals the limitations of their idea of happiness, which comes down to material security. A meeting with a priest makes men think about a lot:

Well, here's what you've praised

Starting from the chapter “Happy”, a turn is planned in the direction of the search for a happy person. On their own initiative, the “lucky” ones from the lower classes begin to approach the wanderers. Stories are heard - confessions of courtyard people, clergy, soldiers, stonemasons,

Hunters. Of course, these “lucky ones” are such that the wanderers, seeing the empty bucket, exclaim with bitter irony:

Hey, man's happiness!

Leaky with patches,

Humpbacked with calluses,

But at the end of the chapter there is a story about a happy man - Ermil Girin. The story about him begins with a description of his litigation with the merchant Altynnikov. Yermil is conscientious. Let us remember how he paid off the peasants for the debt collected in the market square:

All day with my money open

Yermil walked around, asking questions,

Whose ruble? I didn’t find it.

Throughout his life, Yermil refutes the initial ideas of wanderers about the essence of human happiness. It would seem that he has “everything that is needed for happiness: peace of mind, money, and honor.” But at a critical moment in his life, Yermil sacrifices this “happiness” for the sake of the people’s truth and ends up in prison. Gradually, the ideal of an ascetic, a fighter for the people's interests, is born in the minds of the peasants. In the part “The Landowner,” the wanderers treat the masters with obvious irony. They understand that noble “honor” is worth little.

No, you are not noble to us,

Give me your peasant's word.

Yesterday’s “slaves” took up the task of solving problems that since ancient times were considered a noble privilege. The nobility saw its historical destiny in caring about the fate of the Fatherland. And then suddenly the men took over this single mission from the nobility and became citizens of Russia:

The landowner is not without bitterness

Said: “Put on your hats,

In the last part of the poem, a new hero appears: Grisha Dobrosklonov - a Russian intellectual who knows that people's happiness can only be achieved as a result of a nationwide struggle for the “Unflogged province, Ungutted volost, Izbytkovo village.”

The strength in her will affect

The fifth chapter of the last part ends with words expressing the ideological pathos of the entire work: “Our wanderers would be under their own roof, If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.” These lines seem to answer the question posed in the title of the poem. A happy person in Rus' is one who firmly knows that he must “live for the happiness of his wretched and dark native corner.”

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In 1866, the prologue of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” appears in print. This work, published three years after the abolition of serfdom, immediately caused a wave of discussions. Leaving aside the political criticism of the poem, let us focus on the main question: what is the meaning of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”?

Of course, part of the impetus for writing Nekrasov’s poem was the reform of 1861. Russia, which had lived for centuries on the labor of serfs, was reluctant to get used to the new system. Everyone was at a loss: both the landowners and the serfs themselves, which Nekrasov masterfully portrays in his poem. The first ones simply did not know what to do now: accustomed to living exclusively on the labor of others, they were not adapted to independent life. “They sing to the landowner: Work!”, but he “thought to live like this forever” and is no longer ready to rebuild in a new way. For some, such a reform is literally like death - the author shows this in the chapter “The Last One”. Prince Utyatin, its main character, has to be deceived until his death, claiming that serfdom is still in effect in Rus'. Otherwise, the prince will have a blow - the shock will be too strong.

The peasants are also confused. Yes, some of them dreamed of freedom, but they soon become convinced that they received rights only on paper:

“You are kind, royal letter,
Yes, you are not written in front of us...”

The village of Vahalaki has been suing the former owners of the land, landowners, for its legal meadows on the Volga for years, but it is clear that the peasants will not see this land during their lifetime.

There is another type of peasant - those who were taken by surprise by the abolition of serfdom. They are accustomed to pleasing their landowner and treat him as an inevitable and necessary evil for life, moreover, they cannot imagine their life without him. “Have fun! / And I am the Utyatin princes / A slave - and that’s the whole story!” - that's the point of view they adhere to.

Such is the serf, proud of the fact that all his life he finished drinking and eating for his master. The faithful servant Yakov, who gave his entire life to the quarrelsome master, on the contrary, decides to rebel. But let's see how this rebellion is expressed - in taking one's own life in order to leave the landowner alone, helpless. This, as it turned out, is effective revenge, but it will no longer help Yakov...

The meaning of “Who Lives Well in Rus',” according to Nekrasov’s plan, was precisely to depict the country immediately after the abolition of serfdom from various points of view. The poet wanted to show that the reform was carried out in many ways thoughtlessly and inconsistently, and brought with it not only the joy of liberation, but also all sorts of problems that needed to be solved. Poverty and lack of rights, a huge lack of education for the common people (the only school in the village is “packed to capacity”), the need for honest and intelligent people to occupy responsible positions - all this is spoken about in the poem in simple, popular language. Rus' itself seems to be speaking to the reader in many voices, begging for help.

At the same time, it would be wrong to reduce the meaning of the work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” solely to consideration of the current political problems of Russia. No, when creating the poem, Nekrasov also put a different, philosophical meaning into it. It is expressed already in the very title of the poem: “Who lives well in Rus'.” And really, who? - this is the problem the author, and with him the reader, have to solve. In their travels, the peasants will ask a variety of people, from the priest to the simple soldier, but none of their interlocutors will be able to boast of happiness. And this is to some extent natural, because each of the heroes of the poem is looking for his own, personal happiness, without thinking about the general, popular one. Even the honest burgomaster Yermil cannot stand it and, in an attempt to benefit his family, forgets about the truth. Happiness, according to Nekrasov, can only be found by those who forget about the personal and take care of the happiness of their homeland, as Grisha Dobrosklonov does.

“In his last work, Nekrasov remained true to his idea: to arouse the sympathy of the upper classes of society for the common people, their needs and wants,” this is how the Russian critic Belinsky spoke about Nekrasov’s work. And indeed, this is the main meaning of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - not only to point out current problems, but to affirm the desire for universal happiness as the only possible path for the further development of the country.

Work test

The very title of the poem sets us up for a truly all-Russian review of life, for the fact that this life will be examined truthfully and thoroughly, from top to bottom. It aims to find an answer to the main questions of the time, when the country was going through an era of great changes: what is the source of the people’s troubles, what has really changed in their lives, and what has remained the same, what needs to be done so that the people can truly “live well” in Russia and who can claim the title of “happy”. The process of searching for a happy person turns into a search for happiness

For everyone, and numerous meetings with those who claim to be happy make it possible to show the people's idea of happiness, which is clarified, specified and at the same time enriched, acquiring a moral and philosophical meaning. Therefore, the title of the poem aims not only at the socio-historical basis of its ideological content, but is also associated with certain unchanging foundations of spiritual existence, moral values developed by the people over many centuries. The title of the poem is also associated with folk epics and fairy tales, where the heroes are looking for truth and happiness, which means it orients the reader to the fact that not only the broadest panorama of the life of Russia in its present, past and future should unfold before him, but also indicates a connection with the deep origins of national life.

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Peasants are defenseless victims of landowners. They suffer many injustices, but they have no one to complain to. “God is high, the king is far away,” old man Savely says to Matryona Timofeevna. The king, who held state power in his hands,...
Without in any way detracting from the social significance of Nekrasov’s poems, which introduced “sobbing sounds” into Russian lyrics and made us shudder at the sight of people’s suffering, we cannot help but say something about the works where the poet explores the subtle...
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1. The main meaning of the poem. 2. Peasantry in the poem. 3. The hard lot and simple happiness of the Russian people. 4. Matryona Timofeevna as a symbol of the Russian woman. 5. Grisha Good clones - the ideal of the intelligentsia...N. A. Nekrasov rented the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski” and invited M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin as a co-editor. “Domestic Notes” under the leadership of Nekrasov became the same combat magazine as “Sovremennik”, they followed...

The reader recognizes one of the main characters of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Savely - when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet paints a colorful portrait of this amazing old man: With a huge gray...

N.A. Nekrasov wrote a wonderful poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Its writing began in 1863, two years after the abolition of serfdom in Russia. It is this event that is at the center of the poem. The main question of the work can be understood from...

Nekrasov conceived the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” as a “people's book.” He began writing it in 1863 and ended up terminally ill in 1877. The poet dreamed that his book would be close to the peasantry. At the center of the poem is a collective image of the Russian...

The changes that occur with the seven men in the process of their search are extremely important for understanding the author's intention, the central idea of the entire work. Only wanderers are given in the course of gradual changes, in evolution (the rest of the characters are depicted...

Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was, as it were, a departure from the general idea of many works of that time - revolution. In addition, in almost all works the main characters were representatives of the upper classes - the nobility, merchants, philistines...

The Russian people are gathering strength and learning to be citizens... N. A. Nekrasov One of the most famous works of N. A. Nekrasov is the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” glorifying the Russian people. It can rightfully be called the pinnacle of creativity...

Nekrasov’s entire poem is a flaring up, gradually gaining strength, worldly gathering. For Nekrasov, it is important that the peasantry not only thought about the meaning of life, but also set out on a difficult and long path of truth-seeking. The “Prologue” begins the action. Seven peasants argue about “who lives happily and freely in Rus'.” The men do not yet understand that the question of who is happier - the priest, the landowner, the merchant, the official or the tsar - reveals the limitations of their idea of happiness, which comes down to material security. A meeting with a priest makes men think about a lot: Well, here’s Pop’s vaunted life. Starting from the chapter “Happy”, a turn is planned in the direction of the search for a happy person. On their own initiative, the “lucky” ones from the lower classes begin to approach the wanderers. Stories are heard - confessions of courtyard people, clergy, soldiers, stonemasons, hunters. Of course, these “lucky ones” are such that the wanderers, seeing the empty bucket, exclaim with bitter irony: Hey, peasant happiness! Leaky with patches, Humpbacked with calluses, Go home! But at the end of the chapter there is a story about a happy man - Ermil Girin. The story about him begins with a description of his litigation with the merchant Altynnikov. Yermil is conscientious. Let us remember how he paid off the peasants for the debt collected in the market square: All day long, Yermil walked around with his purse open, asking, Whose ruble is it? I didn’t find it. Throughout his life, Yermil refutes the initial ideas of wanderers about the essence of human happiness. It would seem that he has “everything that is needed for happiness: peace of mind, money, and honor.” But at a critical moment in his life, Yermil sacrifices this “happiness” for the sake of the people’s truth and ends up in prison. Gradually, the ideal of an ascetic, a fighter for the people's interests, is born in the minds of the peasants. In the part “The Landowner,” the wanderers treat the masters with obvious irony. They understand that noble “honor” is worth little. No, you are not a noble to us, give us the word of a peasant. Yesterday’s “slaves” took up the task of solving problems that since ancient times were considered a noble privilege. The nobility saw its historical destiny in caring about the fate of the Fatherland. And then suddenly the men took over this single mission from the nobility and became citizens of Russia: The landowner, not without bitterness, said: “Put on your hats, sit down, gentlemen!” In the last part of the poem, a new hero appears: Grisha Dobrosklonov - a Russian intellectual who knows that people's happiness can only be achieved as a result of a nationwide struggle for the “Unflogged province, Ungutted volost, Izbytkovo village.” The army is rising - Innumerable, The strength in it will be indestructible! The fifth chapter of the last part ends with words expressing the ideological pathos of the entire work: “If only our wanderers could be under their own roof, // If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.” These lines seem to answer the question posed in the title of the poem. A happy person in Rus' is one who firmly knows that he must “live for the happiness of his wretched and dark native corner.”