How many words are there in Russian message? How many words are there in Russian? Newest words

You can do wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our consciousness that cannot be conveyed in Russian words. The sound of music, the spectral brilliance of colors, the play of light, the noise and shadow of gardens, the vagueness of sleep, the heavy rumble of a thunderstorm, the whisper of children and the rustle of sea gravel. There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language...

K. Paustovsky

Is it possible to find out how many words there are in the Russian language? To do this, you should refer to Russian language dictionaries.

In a one-volume dictionary S.I. Ozhegova represented by about 57 thousand words. In a four-volume dictionary created under the editorship of D.N. Ushakova, more than 85 thousand words. In the seventeen-volume dictionary of modern Russian literary language, published USSR Academy of Sciences, located 120,480 words.

The presented dictionaries contain words of literary language , language of fiction, journalistic works, print, radio, science, school and so on.

Not mentioned in these dictionaries dialectisms , that is words that are known only in certain localities or areas, and professionalism, that is words that are used by people of a particular profession. For example, not everyone understands the words vedata, drill, eraser, but they are freely used by artists. Veduta- This work landscape genre, accurately conveying the appearance of a particular city or area. Drill- in sculpture technology, a tool for rotating a drill, used when processing hard materials. Eraser- a device for working with watercolors without sticking paper to the board, consisting of two frames, one of which fits into the other.

An attempt was made to put all the words of the Russian language together IN AND. Dahl. In Dalevsky “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” more than 200 thousand words! Dahl worked on his dictionary 47 years old.

In spoken language cultured people, writers and poets - from 15,000 to 18,000 words. And here it’s 200 thousand! Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin who had a dictionary of about 20,000 words, could express the most subtle emotional experiences. What a gamut, what a rainbow of human feelings, moods, thoughts a people can paint, possessing a countless treasure of 200 thousand words! " The Russian people created the Russian language, bright as a rainbow after a spring shower, accurate as arrows, melodious and rich, sincere, like a song over a cradle...", wrote A.N. Tolstoy.

In dictionary IN AND. Dahl In addition to words of the literary language, many words of local dialects and dialects are collected.

Not all people who speak Russian can understand dialectisms. So, for example, in the Pskov region, instead of cranberry They say crane, instead of carrot– barge, rooster– Spiegun, big– sore and so on.

L. Uspensky told a story about what happened to the boys who were visiting their grandmother on vacation in the Pskov province: “I know two twins - very nice guys. After visiting their grandmother's collective farm in the Pskov region in the summer, they returned and amazed everyone at school and at home. They began to insert into their speech a great many words that were unknown to anyone either in Moscow or in Leningrad.”. It is not surprising that not everyone understood that little mice- This white cabbage butterflies, A populists– gray night moths."Why? Because there, in the outskirts of Pskov, people of the older generation still speak not ordinary Russian, a language common to all Russian people, but their own, special Pskov dialect. And sometimes it is very different from our speech. The guy laughs and says: “Our Aunt Nyuta tsudits- from all over the room the noise gets into the head" Who can understand what this phrase means: garbage is swept into a crack in the floor? At least translate from Pskov into Russian.”

Although dialectisms and professionalisms are not part of the general literary language, writers use them For speech characteristics heroes , reproduction of the situation, environment where the action takes place.

In the Vologda region bee called lungwort, instead of the word reasonable They say narrow, greedy– salty, chew– croon and so on.

So how many words are there in the Russian language? Even if we limit ourselves to general literary vocabulary, we still will not be able to answer this question.

« For everything that exists in nature, the Russian language has a great many good words and expressions.”, - said K. Paustovsky. The vocabulary wealth of the language is inexhaustible. The Russian language is fraught with possibilities that allow its speakers to create new and new words. No dictionary is able to record all the words in the Russian language.

“Let there be honor and glory to our language, which in its native richness, almost without any foreign admixture, flows like a proud, majestic river - it makes noise, thunders - and suddenly, if necessary, softens, gurgles like a gentle brook and sweetly flows into the soul , forming all measures. Which consist only in the fall and rise of the human voice!, wrote N.M. Karamzin.

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The richness of a language is expressed primarily in its vocabulary, or, as linguists say, in the richness of its vocabulary. How many words are there in our language? This question is very difficult to answer. For example, in the one-volume “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov, which includes only the most common words, there are 57 thousand words.

The large seventeen-volume academic dictionary contains more than 100 thousand words. But these are not all words of the Russian language. There are a lot of so-called dialect words that are used only in certain regions of our country. They are not part of the common literary language.

But they are often used by writers to convey the peculiarities of speech and life of the inhabitants of a particular region. AND.

S. Turgenev, for example, used southern Russian (mainly Oryol) words in his works: Paneva - Skirt, Buchilo - Deep hole with water, Kazyuli - Snakes, Lyadashchiy (man) - unfit for work, etc. M.A.

Sholokhov uses local Don words with great skill: Baz - Dvor, Kuren - House, Gutarit - Talk, Zaveska - Apron, Kubyt - Maybe, etc. Dialect words, as a rule, are not included in dictionaries of the literary language. But they were introduced into his famous “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V. I. Dal.

This dictionary was published in the 60s of the last century and includes more than 200 thousand words. The general literary language does not include professional words used by specialists.

They are included in terminological dictionaries (for example, dictionaries on radio engineering, medical, marine). This is out of necessity. After all, the total number of special terms of different sciences and crafts is huge: there are several million of them. No dictionary can contain them all, and it is not necessary. Only a specialist can fully understand the terms related to a particular profession. But there is a clear, sharp boundary between special terms and there is no literary language in common words.

Nowadays, scientific achievements are increasingly entering everyday life; boys and girls are already familiar with the basics of science at school. “And today we probably don’t have people who are unfamiliar with the words Atom and Molecule. But these are terms of physics and chemistry. Now every person more or less familiar with technology knows and often uses technical terms: Transformer, transistor, relay, focusing, trajectory, battery And many others.

Therefore, the most common scientific and technical terms are included in dictionaries of the Russian literary language. But this is not the entire vocabulary of the language. Language has its own means, its own construction material to produce new words. Knowing prefixes, suffixes and the rules for their use, you can form new ones from ready-made words. Writers eagerly take advantage of this opportunity.

It is known how many new words V.V. Mayakovsky created: Enormous, proletariat leader, multiplying. He called the Soviet passport Hammercast and Serpasty. The poet did not violate the laws of the Russian language: the verb Ogromnit is formed from the adjective Ogromniy On the same principle as the verbs Zolotit, ruddy From the adjectives Golden, ruddy; The noun Proletariat Leader Created on the model of the words Fleet Leader, Commander; sickle - Like big-eyed, big-headed, etc.

Mayakovsky’s new formations have not entered into general use; they are not in dictionaries. But they are quite understandable to us, since they were created according to the laws of the Russian language, and they cannot be called non-Russian. We ourselves come up with such words if necessary at every step. We can, for example, say about a vase that it is bottle-shaped, and call university students University students, although these words are not in the dictionary and, perhaps, no one has used them before us. Such words testify to the rich possibilities of word formation inherent in the language. New words appear in the language constantly. Most of them are used little and quickly disappear, but some are fixed and replenish lexicon language.

Therefore, the vocabulary wealth of the language is truly inexhaustible, and we cannot say exactly how many words there are in our language.

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How many words are there in Russian?

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In English. That’s why in the USA they keep dictionaries at work places, which I have never seen in Russia.
Here are the facts:
________________________________________ _______
How many words are there in the English language?
- About a million, or more.

It is difficult to imagine that even a conservative estimate of this number would be much lower than a million. If you include all the scientific terms, the score will even double. For example, science has already described about a million insects and estimates the number of still undescribed insects at several million.
The two largest English dictionaries include half a million words (or lexemes) each - the Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary.
http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/h/howmanywords.html
____________________________________________________________

How many words are there in Russian?
In Russian about 500 thousand words. But the most common words are only from 2000 to 2500. Even Pushkin, the great expert and master of the Russian language, had not all half a million words in his literary speech, but only 21,197. Scientists have discovered that the 100 most frequently occurring words make up 20% of oral and writing. 1500-2000 words is already 85%. At the graduate's high school vocabulary ranges from 1500 to 4000 words. In a person with higher education- up to 8000 words.

But 500 English words- this is already 70% of the literary language. As you can see, languages ​​are completely different in expressiveness.

The Ministry of Education of Japan has identified 1850 characters for everyday use, and 881 of them are for study in primary and secondary schools. However, there are a number of hieroglyphs used before the end of World War II that are still needed to write names and addresses. Daily newspapers use about 400 characters. According to statistics, 2500-3000 hieroglyphs make up 99.9% of the total number appearing in newspapers and magazines. The most complete Japanese dictionary contains 50,000 characters.

V. Pekelis "Cybernetic mixture", M., "Knowledge", 1991, pp. 323-324;
"IEEE Proc.", 1985, Vol.68, No.7
http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Maze/8561/facts.htm
___________________________________________

Is it true that English has more words than any other language?

There are very likely historical reasons for this:
- Old English belongs to Germanic Language Group. It is close to German and Dutch, sharing their grammar and dictionaries.
- after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, English absorbed the Norman-French dialect, which became the language of the ruling class for many centuries.
- in addition to these two, English adopted much from Latin, which in the Middle Ages was the language of Science and the Church. The adoption of Latin began with the Roman conquest and was included in many place names.

Therefore, the English dictionary is much more extensive than the dictionaries of any of the Germanic or Romance languages ​​(which include French and Latin).
For these reasons, English traditionally easily absorbs any foreign words. With the growth of the British Empire, English became the language of international communication and absorbed many foreign words from a wide variety of colonial sources (Indian, African, Australian, American, etc.)

To put it roughly, for example, “web” in modern English means “web” and “Internet”. At the same time, there is also an abbreviation word “internet”, therefore many (especially Russian) academics do not take into account “web” as two words. Although at the same time they may well designate “ball”, “ball”, “ball” and other derivatives by case, as unique words, each of which adds +1 to the “counter” of the Great and Mighty.

And Chinese doesn’t have words at all in our traditional understanding; they have ideograms. Hieroglyphs change meaning depending on their relative location, forming new lexemes. The system is so complex that even the name in the passport can be written in several different ways. And if you try to parse it into “words,” a name that is quite standard for us can mean “the electric ass of the dragon of the heavenly mountains” or “the chest of unwashed sticks of omnipotence.” For this reason, by the way, auto-translators from Chinese produce such crap - about Ali, in particular. This is a language of contexts, and if at the very least it is possible to translate from it into European languages ​​without losing the meaning, then it is not possible to decompose it into a certain number of words due to the absence of this concept itself in the structure of the language.

So, all these discrepancies in attempts to “compare” even such close (on a planetary scale) Russian and English, or French and Spanish, lead to the fact that in different sources (quite authoritative) the number of words in the language can differ significantly and even by orders of magnitude. So the topic is controversial and conflicting, because... everyone looks from their own bell tower and counts differently.

Just accept that this is one of the few scientific questions to which any answer will be someone's ridiculous propaganda or, more likely, just a mistake.

It is, of course, impossible to give an exact number for a number of reasons. But approximate data have long been summarized and analyzed by linguists. I will write about the two languages ​​with which I work the most.

English. Most linguists agree that Shakespeare and Dickens have approximately 1 million words in their language. Depending on how and what exactly to count, the approximate error is “up to a quarter of a million.” Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged contains 470,000 dictionary entries (not words, please note). The Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition is about the same.

Russian language. Ozhegov’s dictionary contains more than 70,000 words. Ushakov’s dictionary contains more than 90,000. BTS contains approximately 130,000 words. These figures cover, according to data, approximately 50% of all words recorded in the large dictionary card index (LDR) of the Institute for Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IL RAS). This allows, again, to roughly estimate the total number.

"The language developed dynamically until October revolution. English and Russian dictionaries were, as they say, neck and neck until the beginning of the twentieth century. Each of them contained approximately 200 thousand words.
When Webster's Dictionary was published in 1934, it already had 600 thousand words. And in 1940, Ushakov’s most complete dictionary for the Soviet era contained only 80 thousand words.
Today this gap is only getting worse. With the degeneration of the language, our life also degenerates; the emotional nuances and moral concepts that abounded in the Russian language in the 19th century disappear,” Epstein said.

He reported that in the academic dictionary of the Russian language in 1847 there were 160 words with the root “lyub”, but in modern dictionaries there are only 40 such words. And yet, for a century and a half, not a single new word with this root has appeared.

According to him, English is the donor language, and Russian is the importer.

“In English there are about a million words, in modern Russian, according to the most complete dictionaries, no more than 150 thousand,” Epstein noted.

We don’t even touch on the computer sphere: it is entirely English.

Original taken from aillarionov V
The English language has 1 million words. How many words are there in Russian?

Belatedly discovered some old news.

English passed the Million Word mark earlier today, June 10 at 10:22 am GMT
The Global Language Monitor announced today that Web 2.0 has bested Jai Ho, N00b and Slumdog as the 1,000,000 th English word or phrase added to the codex of fourteen hundred-year-old language. Web 2.0 is a technical term meaning the next generation of World Wide Web products and services. It has crossed from technical jargon into far wider circulation in the last six months…

At its current rate, English generates about 14.7 words a day or one every 98 minutes.

These are the fifteen finalists for the one millionth English word, all of which have met the criteria of a minimum of 25,000 citations with the necessary breadth of geographic distribution, and depth of citations.
1,000,000: Web 2.0 - The next generation of web products and services, coming soon to a browser near you.
999,999: Jai Ho! - The Hindi phrase signifying the joy of victory, used as an exclamation, sometimes rendered as “It is accomplished.” Achieved English-language popularity through the multiple Academy Award Winning film, “Slumdog Millionaire”.
999,998: N00b — From the Gamer Community, a neophyte in playing a particular game; used as a disparaging term.
999,997: Slumdog - a formerly disparaging, now often endearing, comment upon those residing in the slums of India.
999,996: Cloud Computing - The ‘cloud’ has been technical jargon for the Internet for many years. It is now passing into more general usage.
999,995: Carbon Neutral - One of the many phrases relating to the effort to stem Climate Change.
999,994: Slow Food — Food other than the fast-food variety hopefully produced locally (locavores).
999,993: Octomom - The media phenomenon relating to the travails of the mother of the octuplets.
999,992: Greenwashing - Re-branding an old, often inferior, product as environmentally friendly.
999,991: Sexting - Sending email (or text messages) with sexual content.
999,990: Shovel Ready - Projects are ready to begin immediately upon the release of federal stimulus funds...

In addition, the 1,000,001 st word is Financial Tsunami - The global financial restructuring that seemingly swept out of nowhere, wiping out trillions of dollars of assets, in a matter of months
Each word was analyzed to determine which depth (number of citations) and breadth (geographic extent of word usage), as well as number of appearances in the global print and electronic media, the Internet, the blogosphere, and social media (such as Twitter and YouTube). The Word with the highest PQI score was considered the 1,000,000th English language word. The Predictive Quantities Indicator (PQI) is used to track and analyze word usage.
Global Language Monitor has been tracking English word creation since 2003. Once it identifies new words (or neologisms) it measures their extent and depth of usage with its PQI technology.
http://www.languagemonitor.com/news/1000000th-english-word-announced

On October 4, 2009 at English language already 1002116 words.
http://www.languagemonitor.com/

How many words are there in modern Russian?
At what rate does the number of words in it increase?
Is anyone monitoring it?

P.S.
So far the maximum estimate is V. Dahl's Dictionary, about 200 thousand words.

Clarification of the linguistic richness of “The Great and Mighty” in the comments of A. Illarionov here: