Family Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, a writer, author of the novels “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”, and a number of novels, plays, and short stories brought worldwide fame to the Tolstoy family. The biography of Lev Nikolaevich is familiar to the reader school years, and we will not talk about it further. However, we note that the Tolstoy family produced several writers.
In the middle of the last century, Count Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, the author of the story “Prince Silver,” a dramatic trilogy about Ivan the Terrible and two subsequent tsars, enjoyed fame. He, together with the brothers A. M. and V. M. Zhemchuzhnikov, wrote parody and satirical works under the pseudonym Kozma Prutkov.
Half a century later, Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy enjoyed no less fame. Soviet writer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, author of the novels “Walking in Torment”, “Peter I”, “Aelita”, “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin”, etc.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
Writers (but not so famous) were also Dmitry Nikolaevich, Mikhail Nikolaevich and Lev Lvovich Tolstoy.
Several Count Tolstoys were statesmen. Alexander Petrovich Tolstoy was the chief prosecutor of the Synod (a position equivalent to a ministerial one). He was a close friend of N.V. Gogol; Gogol lived in his house recent months his life, there he burned the manuscript of the second volume of Dead Souls.
Dmitry Andreevich Tolstoy was also Chief Prosecutor of the Synod, then Minister of Public Education (under Tsar Alexander II), Minister of Internal Affairs (under Tsar Alexander III). Ivan Matveyevich Tolstoy was the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs (under Tsar Nicholas I). Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy was the Minister of Agriculture (under Tsar Nicholas II). Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, an infantry general (second rank according to the Table of Ranks), was a member of the State Council.
Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy was the General-Kriegskommissar (chief of the supply service). Alexander Petrovich and Andrei Andreevich Tolstoy rose to the military service only up to the rank of colonel (sixth rank according to the Table of Ranks). And Fyodor Andreevich Tolstoy, being in the civil service, became a Privy Councilor (third rank according to the Table of Ranks).
Other Tolstoys found their calling in other directions: Fyodor Petrovich - painter, sculptor and medalist, professor and vice-president of the Academy of Arts; Ivan Ivanovich - archaeologist and numismatist, vice-president of the Imperial Archaeological Society; Feofil Matveevich - composer; Yuri Vasilyevich - historian, was vice-governor.
Alexander Danilovich Menshikov
All the representatives of the Tolstoy family listed above lived quite a long time ago; it is appropriate here to recall one of the current Tolstoys. The author had a chance to meet Nikita Alekseevich Tolstoy, the son of the writer Alexei Nikolaevich. N.A. Tolstoy got carried away scientific activity, became a physicist, was a professor at the Institute of Technology, then at the university. Came to exams with a big box chocolates which he treated the students to. He said that this way he relieves stress among students. I didn’t give twos or threes: either the sweets helped, or the examiner was soft-hearted. At the end of his life, he suddenly became interested in politics, he infected his son Mikhail with this, and together they became deputies Supreme Council countries advocated radical reforms.
However, it would be more correct to start the story about the Tolstoy family with the representative of the family who first received the title of count. Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy lived during the time of Peter I. At first he was a supporter of the Miloslavskys in their fight against the Naryshkins. But when Princess Sophia was imprisoned in a monastery, P. A. Tolstoy began to serve Tsar Peter I faithfully. He was appointed ambassador to Turkey, where the Turks imprisoned him twice. The times were difficult: Russia and Turkey had been at war for decades, there was no trust between the countries. There was no unity within the Russian embassy; denunciations were written against Ambassador P. A. Tolstoy in Moscow. Tsar Peter I did not take these denunciations into account, but he was still wary of Tolstoy, remembering his former commitment to the Miloslavskys.
P. A. Tolstoy acquired complete trust from the Tsar after he was able to return Tsarevich Alexei, who had fled there from his formidable father, to Russia from distant Italy. Tolstoy convinced the Tsarevich that he needed to repent - and the Tsar-Father would have mercy. But when Tsarevich Alexei returned to St. Petersburg, he was sentenced to death for treason. And P. A. Tolstoy became the head of the Secret Chancellery and the count of the Russian Empire.
Under Tsarina Catherine I, Count P. A. Tolstoy was appointed a member of the Supreme Privy Council (“supreme”), that is, he actually ruled the state together with A. D. Menshikov, F. M. Apraksin and others. But two years later he became king Peter II, son of the murdered Tsarevich Alexei. The man who brought the unfortunate prince from Italy to Russia must be punished: Peter Tolstoy will be deprived of count's title and exiled to the Solovetsky Monastery, where he dies two years later. And only in 1760 did Queen Elizabeth (daughter of Peter I and Catherine I) return the title of count to the descendants of A. A. Tolstoy.
And let's finish this story with a story about the most extravagant of the Tolstoy family - Fyodor Ivanovich. One day he went to circumnavigation with Admiral I.F. Krusenstern and, out of boredom or mischief, quarreled with all the officers and sailors. He annoyed the admiral so much that he, usually calm and self-possessed, landed Fyodor Ivanovich on one of the Aleutian islands. The count had to live in the company of savages for several years; they gave him a fantastic tattoo all over his body. Returning to Moscow, Tolstoy (who from then on became known as the American) invariably boasted of his tattoo. But he did not find any worthy occupations for himself. Out of idleness, boredom and anger, he became a duelist. For completely absurd reasons, he challenged people to a duel, and out of a sense of false pride, they could not refuse. The count killed 11 people in duels in a short period of time. He compiled a synodical list, where he wrote down the names of the people he killed. However, during the duel he himself exposed his chest to the pistol. Formally, dueling in Russia had long been prohibited, but in fact, some nobles resolved issues of honor (as they understood it) in a duel.
Then Fyodor Ivanovich almost committed suicide due to the inability to pay a huge gambling debt. He was saved by a gypsy who loved him, Avdotya Tugaeva, who contributed the required amount of money. Count Fedor married a gypsy. They had 12 children, all of whom, except two daughters, died in infancy. When another child died, the father crossed out one surname in his synod and wrote the word “quit” on the side. The eleventh child, daughter Sarah, who had undoubted poetic abilities, died at the age of 17. Fyodor Ivanovich crossed out the last name from the synodik, made the last entry “even” and sighed with relief: he had gotten even for all those killed in duels. His last child, daughter Praskovya, lived for 64 years, and fate did not weigh heavily on her.
From the book Love of History (online version) part 1 author Akunin BorisFrom thick to thin 01/3/2011 I would like to start the year with something soft and fluffy like a rabbit. For example, with a discussion about female beauty. Here are some of the most legendary beauties of European history. Let's look and admire. Diana de Poitiers, mistress of Henry's heart
From the book Love of History author Akunin BorisFROM THICK TO THIN 01/3/2011 I would like to start the year with something rabbit-like soft and fluffy. For example, with a discussion about female beauty. Here are some of the most legendary beauties of European history. Let's look and admire. Diana de Poitiers, mistress of Henry's heart
From book Noble nests author Moleva Nina MikhailovnaFamily legend of Count Tolstoy It was in 1937. But when - in the fall or winter, I can’t remember... It’s more likely that we were traveling on wheels... my father was riding behind in a stroller and during breaks - it was a great joy - they took us to him. I remember that I had the opportunity to enter Moscow on
From the book Hipsters author Kozlov Vladimir From the book Personalities in History author Team of authorsThe Wizard Andersen Natalya Tolstykh All his life he was a restless, impractical dreamer, a passionate lover of surprises and changes, a generous and frank friend. He also knew how to see a pearl even in a gutter. BeginningFuture storyteller Hans Christian
From the book Wonderful China. Recent travels to the Celestial Empire: geography and history author Tavrovsky Yuri VadimovichA paradise for fat men with glasses The road from Lijiang to Dali goes through fields - first terraced on the mountain slopes, and then ordinary, flat ones. It is mainly women who harvest crops, stack straw, and scatter fertilizers on both of them. Mini tractors, mules and others
On July 29, the premiere of Fyokla Tolstoy’s author’s program “Thick” started on the Rossiya K TV channel.
Several years ago, journalist and TV presenter Fekla Tolstaya filmed a documentary series “Great Dynasties” about the descendants of famous noble families. Then the question reasonably arose: why Thekla, the great-great-granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy, did not talk about her illustrious family. And now she finally decided to explore her roots and made her own program about Tolstoy.
Over seven centuries of Russian history, the Tolstoy family included writers and ministers, sailors and artists, academicians and composers, governors and journalists. The history of the Tolstoy family can be used to trace the entire history of Russia. Today's Tolstoys are one of the most branched, the most friendly, the most happy families. The premiere eight-episode program “The Tolstoys” introduces the history of the Tolstoy family, covered in amazing stories and legends.
Fekla Tolstaya spoke about the painstaking and interesting work over the program.
I filmed this series about my family and for me it was more emotional work than any other. I wanted to show not so much the biographies of people, but how they reflected the history of the country, how they acted in certain circumstances. It is more interesting to talk not about the history of masses, classes, estates, but about history using the example of a specific fate. All the Tolstoys were not indifferent to the fate of the Fatherland and, to the best of their ability, tried to contribute to its prosperity. The events that we will talk about can be completely historical: battles, coups d'etat, diplomatic negotiations, the construction of famous palaces; and quite private, because sometimes short description family drama can tell us a lot more about ancient times than multi-volume encyclopedias.
Fekla, what are the main family traits of the Tolstoys?
I had a great desire to find common family traits. I think that Tolstoys are straightforward and quite natural (in the sense that they don’t like to pretend). And they are natural because they love to live in nature. And as Lev Nikolaevich said about the Tolstoys, that they are a little wild.
Whose fate shocked you personally more than others?
I would especially like to mention Lev Nikolaevich’s youngest daughter Alexandra, who last years The writer's life was the only one on her father's side. I come from the family of brother Elijah, who was on the other side. But she always seemed like an unusual figure to me. She fought in the First world war. She rose to the rank of colonel of the medical service, then managed to spend time in the basements of Lubyanka, then became commissar of Yasnaya Polyana. Later she went abroad, where she saved refugees from death. Amazing personality. I would like it to more people They knew about her, such a strong, bright woman.
Where was the program filmed?
Now the descendants of the writer, his great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren, number about three hundred people. They live in different countries peace. We were in America, Europe and Russia, of course. We visited abandoned estates, where even a car could not get through, and walked through the fields on foot. For example, there is such an estate Pokrovskoye (it belonged to the sister of Lev Nikolaevich) in Tula region on the border with the Oryol region.
According to our idea, in each episode, besides me, there will be someone else from the family who will talk about the hero of the film. Viewers will also hear comments from historians, and actors Viktor Rakov and Irina Rozanova will read memoirs and letters.
Fekla, are there any family heirlooms from the Tolstoy family?
A lot of relics have been preserved and our family can consider ourselves very happy in this regard. Much has been preserved due to the fact that Lev Nikolaevich was outstanding personality and his wife understood even during his lifetime that from his houses in Yasnaya Polyana and museums need to be created in Moscow. There are also older things left, for example, those belonging to the first Count Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy, this is a man of Peter the Great’s time. And we continue the family tradition careful attitude to history. We will be opening an exhibition dedicated to my father, Leo Tolstoy’s great-grandson, Nikita Tolstoy. My father was born in exile, and then the family returned to Russia, they became one of the first repatriates. So you will even be able to see the Aeroflot ticket that my father used to fly to Russia for the first time in 1945. The exhibition will take place in the building State Museum Lev Tolstoy on Pyatnitskaya, 12.
I know that once every two years the whole extended family gathers in Yasnaya Polyana. Are there any other traditions?
Yes, this is the brightest family tradition recent times. After one of the Tolstoys (my second cousin Vladimir Ilyich) became the director of the museum of the Yasnaya Polyana estate, we got the opportunity to gather in our native nest. Despite the fact that the Tolstoy family is huge, we treat each other as close people, and this “network” is of a kind, because no matter what country in the world you come to, you have relatives everywhere and even if you are just getting to know them , you feel the kinship of souls, the proximity of interests, the unity of characters.
Peter Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, journalist
Although many modern Tolstoys live abroad (they emigrated after the revolution), they remained with the “block Russian literature"descendants in our country. For example, Pyotr Tolstoy, whose father returned from emigration in 1944 with his brother. Thanks to his family, Peter knew about his great-great-grandfather from childhood: he visited Yasnaya Polyana several times and became closely acquainted with family heirlooms. This representative of the Tolstoy family is very famous Russian journalist and a TV presenter who has been working on Channel One for many years. Currently hosts the programs “Politics” and “Time will tell.” Peter spoke about his famous great-great-grandfather in one of his interviews:
Tolstoy remained honest with himself, always remained so, even when he was mistaken
Fekla Tolstaya
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, journalist
Second cousin of Peter Tolstoy and also a very famous Russian journalist. Her real name is Anna, but she is known mainly by the name Thekla, a childhood nickname that later turned into a pseudonym. Tolstaya was born into a family of philologists and followed in the footsteps of her parents: she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University and speaks five languages. However, already in childhood she was drawn to television: as a schoolgirl, Fekla began acting in minor roles in cinema, and in 1995 she entered GITIS at the directing department. Behind Fekla’s back are many projects on radio and television, including author’s programs about her own family tree “Fat”, as well as “War and Peace”: Reading a Novel.” In a conversation with MK Boulevard, the journalist happily spoke about the advantages of her huge family, whose members are scattered all over the world:
If you have relatives in another country, you understand it completely differently. I can explore Rome, for example, together with my beautiful niece, who, like a Roman, shows me the places I have loved since childhood - and this is an incomparable feeling. The same can be said about my relatives in Paris or New York. I get into the family, communicate with their friends
Andrey Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, reindeer herder
Another descendant representing the Swedish branch of the family, Andrei Tolstoy, is a simple farmer who has been raising reindeer for many years. He reached great success: Andrey is one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. He admitted that he was never able to read “War and Peace” at school. However, then I finally mastered the four-volume work. Several years ago, Andrey visited Russia for the first time.
Vladimir Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, advisor to the President of Russia
Vladimir Ilyich is a person without whom there would be no meetings of Tolstoy’s descendants (which are held regularly today), and the fate of Leo Tolstoy’s Yasnaya Polyana estate would remain under threat. In the early 90s they wanted to take away the lands of the estate for new developments, the forests were cut down... But in 1992, Vladimir Ilyich published in “ Komsomolskaya Pravda» great material about all the troubles. Soon he was appointed director of the museum-reserve. Now Tolstoy is a presidential adviser Russian Federation, and his wife Ekaterina Tolstaya is in charge of the museum’s affairs. Vladimir admitted to the Tula newspaper “Young Communard”, speaking about his relatives:
Each of us has our own individuality, each of us has our own view of the world. And everyone is talented in their own way. Fat people can do everything: they take photographs, draw, write. And at the same time they are ashamed of their talents: modesty is another family quality...
Victoria Tolstoy
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, jazz singer
Yes, yes, she is Tolstoy, not Tolstoy: the Swede Victoria decided not to decline her surname, but to make it more “authentic”. How did the Swedish line of the Tolstoy family come about? The son of Lev Nikolaevich, Lev Lvovich, was forced for health reasons to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora... The modern representative of this family branch, singer Victoria, is better known in her homeland under the pseudonym “Lady Jazz”. By her own admission, Victoria does not know the Russian language and has not read Lev Nikolaevich’s novels, but in her work she often turns to classical Russian composers. On this moment The blonde already has 8 albums, one of which is called My Russian Soul (“My Russian Soul”). Victoria told the jazz publication JazzQuard:
When I was in Moscow several years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw there a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family and was amazed at how much this young woman from past centuries looked like me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Stieler-Timor
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, Italian teacher
Shtiler-Timor is the great-granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy’s eldest daughter, Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya. According to Ilaria, her grandmother tried to start theatrical career, but due to her difficult financial situation, she was married to a wealthy Italian, Leonardo Albertini, who was one of the founders of the newspaper Corriere della Sera. Recently, Stieler-Timor has been living in Israel, where he teaches Italian. She visited Russia for the first time in 1985, and since then she has kept in touch with her Russian relatives. The Israeli portal Haaretz.com quotes Ilaria.
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, journalist
Although many modern Tolstoys live abroad (they emigrated after the revolution), the “lump of Russian literature” still has descendants in our country. For example, Pyotr Tolstoy, whose father returned from emigration in 1944 with his brother. Thanks to his family, Peter knew about his great-great-grandfather from childhood: he visited Yasnaya Polyana several times and became closely acquainted with family heirlooms. This representative of the Tolstoy family is a very famous Russian journalist and TV presenter who has been working on Channel One for many years. Currently hosts the programs “Politics” and “Time will tell.” Peter spoke about his famous great-great-grandfather in one of his interviews:
Tolstoy remained honest with himself, always remained so, even when he was mistaken
Fekla Tolstaya
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, journalist
Second cousin of Peter Tolstoy and also a very famous Russian journalist. Her real name is Anna, but she is known mainly under the name Thekla - a childhood nickname that later turned into a pseudonym. Tolstaya was born into a family of philologists and followed in the footsteps of her parents: she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University and speaks five languages. However, already in childhood she was drawn to television: as a schoolgirl, Fekla began acting in supporting roles in films, and in 1995 she entered GITIS in the directing department. Behind Fekla’s back there are many projects on radio and television, including the author’s programs about her own family tree “Fat”, as well as “War and Peace”: Reading a Novel.” In a conversation with MK Boulevard, the journalist happily spoke about the advantages of her huge family, whose members are scattered all over the world:
If you have relatives in another country, you understand it completely differently. I can explore Rome, for example, together with my beautiful niece, who, like a Roman, shows me the places I have loved since childhood - and this is an incomparable feeling. The same can be said about my relatives in Paris or New York. I get into the family, communicate with their friends
Andrey Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, reindeer herder
Another descendant representing the Swedish branch of the family, Andrei Tolstoy, is a simple farmer who has been raising reindeer for many years. He has achieved great success: Andrey is one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. He admitted that he was never able to read “War and Peace” at school. However, then I finally mastered the four-volume work. Several years ago, Andrey visited Russia for the first time.
Vladimir Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, advisor to the President of Russia
Vladimir Ilyich is a person without whom there would be no meetings of Tolstoy’s descendants (which are held regularly today), and the fate of Leo Tolstoy’s Yasnaya Polyana estate would remain under threat. In the early 90s, they wanted to take away the lands of the estate for new developments, the forests were cut down... But in 1992, Vladimir Ilyich published a large material about all the troubles in Komsomolskaya Pravda. Soon he was appointed director of the museum-reserve. Now Tolstoy is an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, and his wife Ekaterina Tolstaya is in charge of the museum’s affairs. Vladimir admitted to the Tula newspaper “Young Communard”, speaking about his relatives:
Each of us has our own individuality, each of us has our own view of the world. And everyone is talented in their own way. Fat people can do anything: they take photographs, draw, write. And at the same time they are embarrassed about their talents: modesty is another family quality...
Victoria Tolstoy
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, jazz singer
Yes, yes, she is Tolstoy, not Tolstoy: the Swede Victoria decided not to decline her surname, but to make it more “authentic”. How did the Swedish line of the Tolstoy family come about? The son of Lev Nikolaevich, Lev Lvovich, was forced for health reasons to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora... The modern representative of this family branch, singer Victoria, is better known in her homeland under the pseudonym “Lady Jazz”. By her own admission, Victoria does not know the Russian language and has not read Lev Nikolaevich’s novels, but in her work she often turns to classical Russian composers. At the moment, the blonde has already released 8 albums, one of which is called My Russian Soul (“My Russian Soul”). Victoria told the jazz publication JazzQuard:
When I was in Moscow several years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw there a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family and was amazed at how much this young woman from past centuries looked like me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Stieler-Timor
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, Italian teacher
TOLSTOY TRIBE: WHAT WAS THE FATE OF LEO TOLSTOY'S 13 CHILDREN. Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy had 13 children - Sofya Andreevna gave birth to the writer 9 sons and 4 daughters. What was their fate and what mark did they leave on history?
Unfortunately, 5 children out of 13 died early: Peter lived a little more than a year, Nikolay - less than a year, Varvara - a few days, Alexey died at 4 years old, Ivan - at 6 years old. The youngest, Ivan, was unusually similar to his father. It was said that his blue-gray eyes saw and understood more than he could express in words. Tolstoy believed that it was this son who would continue his work. However, fate decreed otherwise - the child died of scarlet fever.
SERGEY LVOVICH (1863-1947) Tolstoy described his eldest son Sergei as follows: “The eldest, blond, is not stupid. There is something weak and patient in the expression and very meek... Everyone says that he looks like my older brother. I'm afraid to believe. That would be too good. Main feature brother was not selfishness and not self-sacrifice, but a strict middle... Seryozha is smart - a mathematical mind and a sensitivity to art, he studies well, is adroit in jumping, gymnastics; but gauche (clumsy, French) and absent-minded.” Sergei Lvovich was the only one of all the writer’s children who survived the October Revolution in his homeland. He was seriously involved in music, was a professor at the Moscow Conservatory and one of the founders of the Leo Tolstoy Museum in Moscow, and took part in commentating Full meeting father's writings. Also known as the author musical works: “Twenty-seven Scottish Songs”, “Belgian Songs”, “Hindu Songs and Dances”; wrote romances based on poems by Pushkin, Fet, Tyutchev. He died in 1947 at the age of 84.
TATYANA LVOVNA (1864-1950) Tatyana, like her sisters Maria and Alexandra, was a follower of Tolstoy’s teachings. From mother eldest daughter The writer inherited practicality, the ability to do a variety of things, like her mother, she loved toilets, entertainment and was not without vanity. She inherited the ability to write from her father and became a writer. In 1925, together with her daughter, Tatyana Lvovna went abroad, lived in Paris, where her guests were Bunin, Maurois, Chaliapin, Stravinsky, Alexander Benois and many other representatives of culture and art. From Paris she moved to Italy, where she spent the rest of her life.
ILYA LVOVICH (1866-1933) Characteristics of Leo Tolstoy: “Ilya, the third... Broad-boned, white, ruddy, shining. He studies poorly. Always thinking about what he is not told to think about. He invents games himself. He is neat, thrifty, and “what’s mine” is very important to him. Hot and violent (impulsive), now fight; but also gentle and very sensitive. Sensual - he loves to eat and lie quietly... Everything that is not permitted has a charm for him... Ilya will die if he does not have a strict and beloved leader.” Ilya did not graduate from high school, he worked alternately as an official, then as a bank employee, then as an agent of the Russian social insurance company, then as an agent for the liquidation of private estates. During the First World War he worked for the Red Cross. In 1916, Ilya Lvovich left for the USA, where until the end of his life he earned money by lecturing on Tolstoy’s work and worldview.
LEV LVOVICH (1869-1945) Lev Lvovich was one of the most talented in the family. Tolstoy himself described his son as follows: “Handsome: dexterous, intelligent, graceful. Every dress fits as if it were made for it. Everything that others do, he does, and everything is very clever and good. I still don’t understand it well.” In his youth he was carried away by his father’s ideas, but over time he switched to anti-Tolstoy, patriotic and monarchist positions. In 1918, without waiting for arrest, he emigrated. He lived in France and Italy, and finally settled in Sweden in 1940. In exile he continued to engage in creativity. Lev Lvovich's works have been translated into French, German, Swedish, Hungarian and Italian.
MARIA LVOVNA (1871 - 1906) When she was two years old, Lev Nikolaevich described her as follows: “A weak, sickly child. Like milk white body, curly white hairs; large, strange, blue eyes: strange in their deep, serious expression. Very smart and ugly. This will be one of the mysteries. He will suffer, he will search, he will find nothing; but will forever seek the most inaccessible.” Sharing her father’s views, she refused to go out on social occasions; She devoted a lot of effort to educational work. Having passed away early, at the age of 35, Maria Lvovna was remembered by her contemporaries as “ good man who has not seen happiness." Maria Lvovna was well-read, fluent in several foreign languages, played music. When she received her teacher's diploma, she organized her own school, which served both peasant children and adults. Her obsession sometimes frightened those close to her, young fragile woman traveled to remote settlements in any weather, independently driving a horse and overcoming snow drifts. In November 1906, Maria Lvovna fell ill: her temperature suddenly rose sharply, and pain appeared in her shoulder. Doctors diagnosed pneumonia. According to Sofia Andreevna, “no measures weakened the strength of the disease.” Throughout the week, while the woman was in a semi-conscious state, her parents and husband were nearby; Tolstoy held his daughter’s hand until the last minutes.
ANDREY LVOVICH (1877 - 1916) He loved his mother very much, she adored him and forgave her son everything. His father appreciated Andrei’s kindness, argued that this was “the most precious and important quality, which is more valuable than anything in the world,” and advised him to apply his ideas for the benefit of the people. However, Andrei Lvovich did not share his father’s views, believing that if he is a nobleman, he should enjoy all the privileges and advantages that his position gives him. Tolstoy strongly disapproved of his son’s lifestyle, but said about him: “I don’t want to love him, but I love him because he is genuine and does not want to appear to others.” Andrey took part in Russo-Japanese War with the rank of non-commissioned officer as a mounted orderly. He was wounded in the war and received the St. George Cross for bravery. In 1907 he entered the service as an official special assignments under the Tula governor Mikhail Viktorovich Artsimovich, who supported great relationship with Lev Nikolaevich. Andrei fell in love with his wife, and soon she went to Andrei, leaving the house, a desperate husband and six children. In February 1916, in St. Petersburg, Andrei dreamed a strange dream which he told his brother. He saw himself in dead in my sleep, in a coffin that was taken out of the house. He attended own funeral. In the huge crowd following the coffin, he saw Minister Krivoshein, his chief at the Ministry of Internal Affairs in St. Petersburg, and his beloved gypsies, whose singing he loved very much. A few days later he died from blood poisoning.
MIKHAIL LVOVICH (1879 - 1944) Mikhail was musically gifted. From childhood, he loved music very much, masterfully learned to play the balalaika, harmonica, and piano, composed romances, and learned to play the violin. Despite his dream of becoming a composer, Mikhail followed in his father’s footsteps and chose a military career. During the First World War, he served in the 2nd Dagestan Regiment of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division. In 1914-1917 participated in battles on the Southwestern Front. He was nominated for the Order of St. Anne, 4th degree. In 1920, he emigrated, eventually stopping in Morocco, where he died. It was in this country that Mikhail wrote his only literary work: memoirs describing how Tolstoy’s family lived in Yasnaya Polyana, this novel was called “Mitya Tiverin”. In the novel, he also recalled that family and country that could no longer be returned. Mikhail Lvovich died in Morocco in 1944.
ALEXANDRA LVOVNA (1884 - 1979) She was difficult child. The governesses and older sisters worked with her more than Sofya Andreevna and Lev Nikolaevich. However, at the age of 16, she became close to her father, and since then she devoted her whole life to him: she did secretarial work, mastered shorthand and typewriting. According to Tolstoy's will, Alexandra Lvovna received copyrights to literary heritage father. After October revolution In 1917, Alexandra Tolstaya did not want to come to terms with the new government, which brutally persecuted dissidents. In 1920, the Cheka was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison. Thanks to the petition of the peasants of Yasnaya Polyana, she was released early in 1921, she returned to her native estate, and after the corresponding decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, she became the curator of the museum. She organized a cultural and educational center in Yasnaya Polyana, opened a school, a hospital, and a pharmacy. In 1929 she left Soviet Union, leaving for Japan, then to the USA, where she gave lectures about her father at many universities. In 1941, she accepted US citizenship and in subsequent years helped many Russian emigrants settle in the United States, where she herself died on September 26, 1979 at the age of 95. In the Soviet Union, Alexandra Tolstoy was removed from all photographs and newsreels; her name was not mentioned in notes and memoirs, excursion stories and museum exhibitions.
