« Cultured man" is a phrase that can often be heard on the street, in in public places and so on. What kind of person can be called cultured? Today, being cultural is the responsibility of every individual who lives in society and interacts with other people. Of course, in order for a person to be ranked among this high rank, he must have a very impressive list of skills, abilities and qualities, as well as meet many standards that have historically developed in public environment. But it is necessary to start discussing this topic with a definition of what “culture” is.
Culture
There are more than thirty definitions of this term. For example, a literal translation from Latin language says that this is “upbringing” or “education”. But if you choose the most convenient and concise definition, then you can choose the following: human world, his values, knowledge, skills, traditions and the like.
A cultured person is not an innate trait, but an essential component earned through hard work throughout life. human existence. Culture is instilled in a child from the first days of his life in the family, kindergarten, school. But this process continues with growing up.
Modern cultured man
First of all, a modern cultured person must have manners and be polite towards others. The behavior of a person often indicates whether a person is cultured or not. As they say in sociology textbooks, man is a bio-psycho-social being, and the last component is extremely important for his culture. After all, if it didn’t exist, everyone would behave like an animal, guided only by an instinctive base. Children are taught to have etiquette early childhood, as mentioned earlier, but this science is so complex that often even adults cannot master it perfectly.
By the way, it is worth saying that a cultured person is represented differently all over the world. The rules of etiquette in one part of the planet are very different from those in another. Therefore, this topic is extremely complex, although, of course, there is a general outline. So what kind of person can be called cultured?
In order to answer this question, it is necessary to decide what knowledge and skills an individual must have in order for him to be considered cultural.
External signs
As the famous Russian proverb says, “they are greeted by their clothes, but they are seen off by their mind,” so it’s worth talking about external signs. What kind of person can be called cultured in this case? Presentation and neatness in clothing are very important. Seeing a person who looks appropriate for the situation, behaves appropriately, and in whom there is no vulgarity, those around him immediately understand that he is cultured.
Internal signs
It is worth mentioning internal characteristics, such as character traits. A spiritually cultured person must be responsible, merciful, polite to others, sincere, generous, courageous, but able to control himself in any situation, confident in himself and in his abilities. All this appears in people with age. In addition, such a person must be tolerant, have a sense of proportion, never be rude to other people, treat everyone with respect, sympathize, have compassion, and help, as far as possible, everyone who needs it.
Self-development
Culture does not come naturally to a person. This is difficult and methodical work for parents, educators, teachers and teachers. But the most important person who drives the process of socialization of an individual is himself - a civilized person.
There are many examples of Mowgli children in the world who were found in the jungle, but since socialization did not occur for a long time, even the most talented teachers could not help them become cultured people. A person himself must be aware of what is necessary for his development as a cultural personality. It is possible to become erudite, educated, well-mannered and civilized only if you make an effort yourself.
Collaboration with other people
A cultured person is part of society, so he must be able to cooperate and get along with others. Such a person must at times forget about his own good for the sake of the good of others. Helping a friend is constantly present in the fate of cultured people.
Patriotism and citizenship
What kind of person can be called cultured in the context of this trait? It is extremely important for someone who wants to be called cultured to know the history of his state, to recognize himself as a citizen, to love his homeland and to honor the laws that exist on its territory. You can’t be “Ivans who don’t know their forefathers.” These qualities, of course, depend on education, what was laid down in the family, or on the traditions that are present around the individual.
It is impossible to list all the characteristics that a cultured person should have in our time. And in this case, everyone will highlight something of their own that they consider more important. But several mandatory traits were mentioned above; you can develop them in yourself on your own or try to get rid of their antipodes within yourself, the main thing is to strive for perfection. And it is also important to remember that culture is determined not by words, but by deeds, so talk about your actions, done or planned, and be cultural!
Little by little the first excited days of the new school year, school life flowed along its own channel. To say that I just missed the guys - my students - is an understatement. Therefore, I was looking forward to the first lesson on the Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture. And finally, a solemn greeting, congratulations on the start of school, a somewhat excited voice from the teacher. Suddenly - laughter. "What's happened?" “You are very cheerful and we are having fun!” “Oh, that’s it!”
Then came the fifth graders who crossed the threshold primary school- cute, naive, with a pile of notebooks, notepads “just in case” and a good dozen frivolous multi-colored pens. Like a toddler who has barely learned to stand on his weak legs, strenuously struggling out of caring hands mothers, they too strive to explore the adult world that has opened before them high school after a cozy and warm mother - the “starter”.
And the “veterans” of the military-industrial complex prepared to discuss the topical topic “Am I a cultural person?”, before quite clearly formulating the main qualities of a truly cultural individual (The Fundamentals once again proved the truth of the proper name and the tasks and goals for which they were conceived ). Two sixth grade students presented their arguments to the teachers. But, before we begin the most “delicious” thing - contact with the thoughts of children, I will share my little discovery. The first sixth grader who came to the lesson stated that “only those who remember and love the history of their Fatherland can call themselves cultured,” and the next sixth grader answered a similar question: “Cultural is the person who does not swear!”
What is the discovery, you ask? At first, I also couldn’t clearly formulate for myself the “interestingness” of the situation, but my intuition suggested that the situation was somewhat more complicated than it might seem at first glance. Well, it cannot be that children of the same age, studying in the same school, with the same teachers, answer the same question in completely different ways. And - note: the class that offers as a measure of a person’s culture historical memory- is a much more successful student than the kids from another class, who seem to have problems with foul language (which was later confirmed). Or rather, there are no problems with foul language, but there are problems with the purity of native speech. There is nothing left but to assume that the children’s underachievement is directly related to the pernicious influence of swearing, and that, in turn, grows in full bloom in the family, since at school I did not meet a single foul-mouthed teacher. So, dear parents, my voice to you: have pity on your own children! Don’t fill their young heads and children’s souls with infernal vocabulary. I specifically use this term, maybe it will make you think, because “inferna” translated from Latin means “hell”. Well, it’s not the children’s fault that the father drinks, the eldest son has completely gotten out of hand, and this month the grandmother refuses to give her pension to pay utility bills for her daughter-in-law, tired of a hard life, etc. I write “so on” because all the facts are not historically reliable, but simply reliable facts of our Russian reality. And, then, don’t feel sorry for the children - feel sorry for yourself: your swearing daughter and foul-mouthed son will not grow into caring children, next to whom it’s not scary to grow old. And it’s much more pleasant to hear the words “mommy” and “daddy” from a child than the disgustingly boorish “ancestors” and “laces.”
And now - the promised dessert. So, the children reason.
Mosin Daniil:“I don’t know yet whether I’m a cultured person, but I know that I don’t have bad habits. I don’t like people who drink, smoke and disrespect our holy places.”
Chubatenko Alexander:“I know Russian well, but I want to know other languages of the world. I'm leading healthy image life, I travel with Fr. Alexander and his son go fishing with an overnight stay, I go to work. Conclusion: I am a cultured person.”
Seregin Rostislav:“I help the elders - grandparents - carry heavy loads home, I always say hello to everyone. I go to church and pray for my family. I need to expand my vocabulary"
Simkov Nikita:“When I come to visit, I always say hello. This is very cultural. I don’t like adults who drink and swear.”
Mudrak Nikita:“I am a completely uncultured person, but I am trying very hard to become one. I'm bad at this. My plus is that I respect the shrine, I know etiquette and apply it in life. And I have a lot of disadvantages"
Amazingly strict self-esteem, isn't it?!
Talibova Masha:“I want to understand – am I a cultured person? I don’t use foul language; I know the history of my Motherland well. But I would like to know the history and culture of other countries."
Nikolaev Yaroslav: “I’m not good at table etiquette; I talk while eating. I’m trying to improve, I even have an etiquette book. I go to church once a week. I don’t know if I’m a cultured person.”
Tikhomirova Natasha:“I respect not only my own shrine, but also others’, I know and love the history of my Motherland, and the lesson of the military-industrial complex helps with this”
Sukochev Yasha:“What is etiquette? This is how a person should behave. To use foul language or not is, by the way, also a matter of etiquette. I don’t use foul language, and the military-industrial complex helps me become better.”
Olya Baranova: “I would like to understand: am I a cultured person? I remember the history of my Fatherland, I treat my shrine with respect. I want to know many languages"
Babenko Nastya:“I never quarrel with anyone, I’m not a bad person. I always say hello. I want to know French. I think that the military-industrial complex will help me figure out: am I a cultured person?”
Petrovskaya Nastya:“I believe in God, I lead a healthy lifestyle. I don't know if I'm cultured or not. I would like to see my behavior from the outside"
Bondareva Katya:"I honor my native language. I want to replenish my knowledge base, grow up to be fair and noble, but most importantly, a cultured, not a wild cat.”
Kostin Dima:“Sometimes it seems to me that I am a cultured person, sometimes not. I have slight problems with the language. I need to improve and everything will be fine. I love Meshchovsk, and Russia, and all other countries"
Kiseleva Dasha:“I am a cultured person, I remember my history, I believe in God, I love my people, I take care of my language. But this is not enough. I need to stop quarreling with my friend Tanya, and then I will become a cultured person.” (Isn't that great?!)
Tarasov Vanya:“I never swear and I’m ashamed to watch people swear. I need to reinforce my knowledge.”
Gagalov Yaroslav:“In one way I am a cultured person, and in another I am completely uncultured. For example, I indulge, and this expresses my lack of culture, but in general I am quite normal when I help other people, old people, for example, carry heavy bags.”
Denisova Veronica:“Other people, friends, for example, should tell me whether I’m cultured or not.”
A very mature decision from an adult.
Krasilnikova Dasha:“I am half a cultured person. I remember my family history and love the defense industry lesson.”
Chibisov Maxim:“I am a cultured person, I love my Motherland and Orthodox culture, I don’t fight and don’t offend little ones. I need to learn how to use my tongue properly.”
Karpilenko Tanya:“I consider myself a cultured person: I say “thank you” when they give me something, I apologize if I did something wrong. I can apologize for my sisters too. I think that they acted badly accidentally, through negligence.”
There was one incognito - I think he was a non-specialist who forgot to sign up in a hurry. So he (or she?) wrote that he obeys his Guardian Angel, this way it is easier to remain a cultured person. Agree, in order to specifically come up with such a sample of culture, even an adult requires not only a certain cerebral balancing act, but also a pure heart, which is much more valuable.
Most of our children took their parents as examples of a cultured person - and this in a country where the authority of the family is catastrophically quickly devalued! So trust social polls after this. Or are we a special city? And only one girl wrote that she “wants to be like herself and a little like Marilyn Monroe.” This is such an unexpected standard of a cultured person! Well, you can (and should) console yourself, at least, with the fact that she - Merlin - did hold on to the dress that flew up frivolously and at the wrong time, and then let everyone do it to the best of their ability. own culture(and lack of culture) thinks up a piquant situation. Although, I think that Merlin herself would be quite surprised that in distant Russia An unknown 12-year-old girl from a provincial town saw in her not the notorious sex symbol of the West, but the most cultural specimen.
That's it, fellow parents and fellow teachers! Not everything is so bad in our country and our school. It is quite possible that with our collective efforts we will make that vertical leap that is expected from us not only by Russia, not only by our “today,” but also by God and our “tomorrow,” which will inevitably grow into Eternity, whether we want it or not. And for those who live with the prospect of Eternity, there is not a single unimportant and frivolous matter left. Whether it’s grandma’s heavy bags or Dasha’s friend, with whom, I’m sure, she will stop quarreling.
Anna Bakhaeva
Just recently, Russian tourists, who poured into Europe after the opening of borders, horrified cultural Europe with their behavior.
Today the situation has changed better side, but the problem of the lack of culture of Russians remains relevant. Do we behave civilly with each other at home? Test yourself.
Do you follow these rules?
1. Never come to visit without calling. If you are visited without warning, you can afford to wear a robe and curlers. One British lady said that when uninvited guests she always puts on shoes, a hat and takes an umbrella. If a person is pleasant to her, she will exclaim: “Oh, how lucky, I just came!” If it’s unpleasant: “Oh, what a pity, I have to leave.” Let me add about guests: you should not offer to take off your shoes, this is bad form. The guest must figure this out himself (if the carpet is white and fluffy, and there is slush outside.)
2. The umbrella never gets dry in an open state- neither in the office nor at a party. It needs to be folded and placed in a special stand or hung.
3. The bag should not be placed on your lap or on your chair.. A small elegant handbag or clutch can be placed on the table, a large bag can be hung on the back of a chair, or placed on the floor if there is no special chair (these are often served in restaurants). The briefcase is placed on the floor.
4. Cellophane bags are only acceptable when returning from the supermarket, as well as paper branded bags from boutiques. Carrying them with you later as a bag is redneck.
5. A man never wears women's bag . And he takes a woman’s coat only to carry it to the locker room.
6. Home clothes- these are trousers and a sweater, comfortable, but having a decent appearance. The robe and pajamas are designed to go to the bathroom in the morning, and from the bathroom to the bedroom in the evening.
7. From the moment the child settles in separate room, learn to knock, going to him. Then he will do the same before entering your bedroom.
8. A woman may not take pictures indoors, a hat and gloves, but not a cap and mittens.
9. Total number of decorations According to international protocol, it should not exceed 13 items, and this includes jewelry buttons. A ring is not worn over gloves, but a bracelet is allowed. The darker it is outside, the more expensive the jewelry. Diamonds used to be considered an adornment for evening and married ladies, but in Lately It became permissible to wear diamonds during the day. On a young girl, stud earrings with a diamond of about 0.25 carats are quite appropriate.
10. Rules for paying for an order in a restaurant: if you say the phrase: “I invite you,” this means you pay. If a woman invites a business partner to a restaurant, she pays. Another formulation: “Let’s go to a restaurant,” - in this case, everyone pays for themselves, and only if the man himself offers to pay for the woman, can she agree.
11. A man is always the first to enter the elevator., but the one closest to the door comes out first.
12. In a car, the most prestigious seat is considered to be behind the driver., a woman occupies it, a man sits next to her, and when he gets out of the car, he holds the door and gives the lady his hand. If a man is driving, it is also preferable for a woman to take a seat behind him. However, no matter where you sit, a man should open the door for you and help you out. IN business etiquette Recently, men are increasingly violating this norm, using the feminist motto: “There are no women and men in business.”
13. Speak out loud It's bad form to talk about being on a diet. Moreover, one cannot, under this pretext, refuse dishes offered by a hospitable hostess. Be sure to praise her culinary talents, while you don't have to eat anything. The same should be done with alcohol. Why you can't drink is your problem. Ask for dry white wine and sip lightly.
14. Taboo topics for small talk: politics, religion, health, money. Inappropriate question: “God, what a dress! How much did you pay? How to react? Smile sweetly: “It’s a gift!” Change the conversation to another topic. If the other person insists, say softly: “I wouldn’t like to talk about it.”
15. Every person over 12 years old must be addressed as “you”. It’s disgusting to hear our “elite” say “you” to waiters or drivers. Even to those people with whom you know well, it is better to address them as “you” in the office, but only as “you” in private. The exception is if you are peers or close friends. How to react if your interlocutor persistently “pokes” you? First, ask again: “Excuse me, are you addressing me?” If it doesn’t help, you look around in bewilderment: “Excuse me, do you mean me?” The next stage is a neutral shrug: “Sorry, but we didn’t switch to “you.”
16. Discuss absentees, that is, simply gossip, unacceptable. It is impermissible to speak badly about loved ones, in particular to discuss husbands, as is customary in our country. If your husband is bad, why don’t you divorce him? And exactly the same it is inadmissible to speak with contempt and with a grimace about home country . “In this country, everyone is a redneck...” - in this case, you also belong to this category of people.
2014 has been declared the Year of Culture in Russia. While studying cultural studies, ISUE students wrote an essay on the problems of defining the concepts of “culture” and “modern cultured person.”
We bring to your attention the most interesting works.
Student Scientific Historical Society "CLIO"
Guseva Nina, 1-4:
Culture is aspiration
to perfection through knowledge
what concerns us most,
what they think and say...
Matthew Arnold.
What does it mean to be a cultured person? In my opinion, a cultured person is an educated, well-mannered, tolerant, intelligent, responsible person. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, the desire for high quality, gratitude and the ability to be grateful, love for nature and the Motherland, compassion and sympathy for one’s neighbor, goodwill.
A cultured person will never lie, he will maintain self-control and dignity in any situation. life situations, this is a person who has a clearly defined goal and achieves it.
D.S. Likhachev wrote: “What is the most big goal life? I think: increase the goodness in those around us. And goodness is, first of all, the happiness of all people.
It consists of many things, and every time life presents a person with a task that is important to be able to solve. You can do good to a person in small things, you can think about big things, but small things and big things cannot be separated...”
But you cannot rely on kindness, education and “correct” behavior. Nowadays, people pay too little attention to culture, and many do not even think about it throughout their lives, thereby showing ignorance, laziness, selfishness, and hypocrisy.
It’s good if a person has a process of familiarization with culture, that is, inculturation, as well as familiarization with cultural values and knowledge through social institutions, that is, socialization, occurs from childhood. The child joins the traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs positive experience family and environment. After all, in life, the more experienced a person is, the more competitive he is, and if he has somewhere to get this experience from, then he has advantages.
In conclusion, it should be noted: no matter how much is said about culture, “a person is known only by his deeds.”
The ideal of a cultured person is nothing more than the ideal of a person who, in any conditions, retains true humanity.
Galkin Oleg, 1-4:
IN explanatory dictionary S.I. Ozhegova interprets the concept of culture as follows: “This is the totality of production, social and spiritual achievements of people;” a cultural person is “one who is at a high level of culture and corresponds to it,” as well as “relating to educational or intellectual activity.”
This definition is vague and not very clear. Let’s try to speculate on the topic: “What kind of person is considered cultured? How are education and culture related? Russian philosophers (for example, Ivan Ilyin), writers, publicists: (D.S. Likhachev, D.A. Granin, V.A. Soloukhin, L.V. Uspensky, etc.) have repeatedly debated this topic in discussions, essays and articles.
We find interesting reflections on traditions in culture in Ivan Ilyin. He believes that the future of culture lies in the ability to be grateful for the past, that is, to absorb into oneself everything that has already been created, but not a cold and calculating, “heart response to a benefit already shown to you.”
One cannot but agree with this opinion. A cultured person is capable of understanding the world in its past, present and future (this is cognitive function culture) such a person is able to perceive everything that is created by another person, with his mind and hands. But do not envy, much less “denigrate”, but perceive it as an interesting phenomenon, evaluate it and, perhaps, understand it more deeply.
Education and culture are related concepts, but far from unambiguous. What does education mean? This is a body of specific knowledge from any field. By the way, who is more educated? Who has an in-depth knowledge of a certain science or has a broad understanding of a whole range of knowledge about the world? Undoubtedly, education and knowledge nourish human culture, but this is only part of it. D.S. said this well. Likhachev “A cultured person is an intelligent person. And intelligence is not only about knowledge - it is about the ability to understand another and respect for his Self.”
A cultured person is able to absorb the good and resist the bad. There is a lot of debate, for example, about the culture of language. A cultured person is not capable of clumsy speech, rude words in everyday life, they disgust his nature. He will still strive to learn how to write and conduct a dialogue more correctly, or better yet. The ability to communicate, be logical and prove one’s opinion is one of the abilities of a highly cultured person. A cultured person is a person with an open heart, capable of rejoicing and being surprised by the beauty of the world. It doesn’t matter whether it’s the wonders of the world, or a modest chamomile meadow, Niagara Falls or a quiet forest lake. A cultured person is capable of emotion and mercy.
So, “cultured person” is a fairly broad concept. Such a person has a communicative, educational, cognitive culture, respects traditions, and is a person open to the world.
Blechenkova Anastasia, 1-4:
“Culture is the essence of an organism. Cultural history, their biography. Culture is born at the moment when a great soul awakens and stands out from the primitive mental state of eternally childish humanity” (Oswald Spengler).
Based on this quote, I would like to speculate from the point of view of a civilizational approach to the history of cultural development. I believe that culture is determined by time and society. That is, the personality must correspond to the time and the public idea of a cultured person. In most cases, this presupposes the presence of a certain level of intelligence, knowledge of etiquette, the ability to correctly and competently express thoughts, be objective, and keep your emotions under control.
Man is the creator of culture. But it all starts with himself. He undergoes inculturation in childhood, then socialization through social institutions such as family, school, university, etc. From this we can conclude that the formation of a cultured person largely depends on external factors.
Let's remember the story about Mowgli. Small child ends up in the jungle, in a wolf family that lives in a pack and lives by the law of the jungle. Naturally, when he gets to the village, he is unusual in living by human rules.
In the modern world, human cultural space is mainly formed by various means mass media. Television and the Internet are replacing cultural needs modern man visiting theaters, libraries, museums. And this is sad to realize. After all, everything that exists now, everything that we study, was created by people. Music, literature, greats scientific discoveries, created several centuries ago, allowed us to live in such a world; this is the basis without which a person cannot be considered cultural if he does not know the basics.
The modern sociocultural situation, which determines the formation of a cultured person and the requirements for him in modern world, is characterized by richness and variety of dynamic processes. The pace of modernization covers everything larger number existing cultural forms. The lines between different ethnic cultures and national entities are blurring. Historically formed cultural tradition loses priority in social processes. Professional activity of any kind becomes the main form of individual self-expression.
Culture is the realization of human creativity and freedom, hence the diversity of cultures and forms cultural development. Using the example of a subculture, we can clearly see how a person can create, bring something new within his own social group. Also, in each country we see our own religion, architecture, language, dances, and traditional clothing. And when a person moves to another country, he often tries to adapt to this culture, which once again shows how the social environment influences a person.
From all this we can conclude that a cultured person in the modern world can be called one who knows and understands the culture of the past, who observes the norms and rules of behavior of the present time, and who contributes to modern culture, thinking about the future.
Before figuring out who a cultured person is, it is important to give a clear definition of “culture.” This concept is difficult to interpret, since it is very multifaceted and manifests itself in completely different guises. In accordance with different approaches, culture must be considered:
- IN in a general sense. As a set of characteristics inherent in a certain community.
- In a more specific sense. As a system-forming element of social reality.
It would not be superfluous to consider each of them separately.
About the first approach
It involves viewing culture as a combination of all results historical development human communities. In this context it includes:
- Features of the mental mindset.
- Spiritual heritage, including traditions, customs, religious and ritual practices, holidays, everyday life, folklore and art.
- A system of values developed and established throughout history.
In a broad sense, language and religion are also perceived as integral elements of culture.
About the second approach
He is considering this phenomenon as the main socially formative factor and focuses attention on such individual indicators as:
- Spiritual organization.
- Full diversified development.
- Tendency to epistemological (cognitive) activity.
- Moral education and moral guidelines.
- Tendency to interact with other members of society, aesthetic principle.
Culture, as a socially formative factor, is an indicator of the development of the indicated indicators in a particular individual and in groups of people forming society. IN social psychology, the higher it is, the more to a greater extent the given indicators are developed. In each individual society, the parameters of culture are different. From which a completely logical conclusion follows. And it goes like this: cultures are heterogeneous, diverse and unique.
The role of culture in social life
Society, or society, is one of the forms of communities. This needs to be remembered. Each society, in turn, regardless of its size and composition, has inherent distinctive features ensuring its uniqueness. Speaking about the role of culture in social life, it is advisable to resort to systems theory.
Everything is simple here. Social life- it's a kind of system. And culture in this case acts as a system-forming element. On a par with economic formation, political system, the form of structure of the state in which society lives.
The fundamental postulate of the theory under consideration is the following statement: “A change or removal of one of the elements of the system inevitably entails a change in the entire structure as a whole and ultimately leads to its collapse.”
But the role of culture in the life of society is vital. And even the theoretical consideration of the exclusion of culture from public life is not just meaningless. It is simply logically impossible.
Levels of manifestation of culture
As already mentioned, the difficulty of understanding and perceiving the concept being studied is directly related to the pluralism of the forms of its manifestation.
Most high level differentiation of cultures - civilizational affiliation. For example, it manifests itself in the difference between African and African cultures. European peoples. The most striking dividing line separating cultures from each other today is nationality.
Given their diversity, this demonstrates the contrast of different cultures like nothing else. There are other, smaller levels of culture that can exist both within one nationality and beyond. By marrying them, they unite people based on common interests, life views and beliefs, ideology, etc.
Such manifestations of culture can be based on completely different foundations. And most often they are called subcultures. Everyone knows the examples - neo-Nazis, hip-hop community, cosplayers, gamers.
Material and spiritual hypostases
When considering the concept of a cultured person, they are also worth noting. There is both a material and spiritual hypostasis here. And in completely different aspects of life.
Material culture is embodied in paintings, architectural monuments, in works of cinema, music and poetry, recognized as classics and included in the historical and national heritage.
Material culture manifests itself even in specific brands, drinks, names musical groups. The last three cases are examples of manifestation popular culture- like the American Coca-Cola, Metallica, McDonald's at the turn of the nineties and two thousand. Or Apple, Microsoft, Starbucks in our time. It is also manifested in national clothes, hairstyles, cuisine, etc. These are no longer just components of a cultured person, but a manifestation of the identity of the society to which he belongs.
What about intangible manifestations of culture? They most often find themselves as features used by sociologists and philosophers when describing the psychosociological characteristics of different societies. This will be discussed in more detail later.
Who is a cultured person?
This concept can now be examined in detail. IN modern understanding he embodies a person who permanently strives to satisfy the balance of needs, including the desire for spiritual, mental, moral and aesthetic self-improvement.
With the intention to harmonize and equally develop these 4 elements, a person grows culturally. Spiritual self-improvement presupposes the priority of interests in creativity, art and other products of the cognitive-constructive activity of the individual over material values. This desire is the key quality of a cultured person.
What about mental development? It implies the desire to increase and expand knowledge. Moral self-improvement is the cultivation of the main benefactors. Such as honesty, fidelity, justice, modesty.
Aesthetic self-improvement - love and awareness of the value of beauty. Implies a penchant for beauty, or a craving for beauty. This refers not only to a weakness for what is beautiful from the outside, but also to a commitment to individual ennoblement. All these are qualities of a cultured person.
Signs of a cultural personality
Same interesting topic, and it is worth mentioning. In fact, at the first meeting with a particular person, it is impossible to accurately determine that he is a cultured person. After all, spiritual, mental and moral wealth are not always able to clearly manifest themselves during the first communication. At the same time, there are a number of distinctive qualities and characteristics that a cultured person certainly possesses.
This is, first of all, the presence of a correct upbringing that meets the norms of the society in which he lives. And also adherence to the rules of etiquette in interaction with other people, moderate behavior and a negative attitude towards pretentiousness and shockingness.
A mandatory “attribute” of a cultured person is taking into account and respecting the comfort of others. And also the tendency not to react to obvious provocations, the ability to defend one’s own dignity without resorting to baseness and without losing self-control.
Physical, visually noticeable signs of a cultured person can also include wardrobe features. Such a person, as a rule, avoids colorful and obscene clothing. Because this can create an image of a frivolous, immature individual.
In some cases, asceticism in everyday life and image can be a quality of a cultured person. It should not be confused with bad taste, low quality and disregard for one’s own appearance. A cultured person skillfully projects on his external image personal inner strengths.
Social culture
Let's talk about this one last time. Previously, it was stated what culture and a cultured person are, the qualities and characteristics that define him were described. But! Adding the concept of sociality to the formula “cultured person” presupposes the inclusion of an individual with pronounced spiritual, mental, moral and aesthetic characteristics in the system of interpersonal relationships within an organized community.
This is if you delve deeper into the study of the concept. In other words, a socio-cultural person is one who is able to apply his developed qualities in the process of interaction with other members of society, thereby contributing to forward movement in the process of social development.
