The secret of the nickname of Savely, the Holy Russian hero
The reader learns about Savelia, the grandfather of Matryona’s husband, from her story. The image of Savely combines two heroic types of the Russian people. On the one hand, he is a hero - a man of extraordinary strength, a defender of his land and his people, although not a warrior: “And his life is not a military one, and death in battle is not written for him - but a hero!”
On the other hand, Savely is a hero of Holy Rus', of Christian heritage, a believer, a martyr. He has many signs of holiness: he endured bodily torture, has a mutilation, committed more than one mortal sin (by killing the manager and becoming the involuntary cause of the death of Dyomushka), before his death he prophesies, promising men three roads (tavern, prison and hard labor), and women three nooses (silk white, red and black). Savely is taught to read and write, prays a lot and reads the calendar.
Holy Rus' for the Orthodox is the strong country times Kievan Rus, when the people fought the enemy “for the Orthodox faith, for the Russian land.” Savely is similar at the same time to both the heroes and the saints of antiquity, born in a free land, living according to Orthodox laws, the true laws of conscience.
Portrait of Savely
Savely is very old. In total, he lived for 107 years, and met Matryona at the age of 100. He is enormously tall, so that Matryona thinks that, straightening up, he will break through the ceiling. Matryona compares him to a bear. His enormous mane, uncut for 20 years, is called gray, and his beard is also enormous (repeated epithets enhance the quality).
Savely's bent back is a symbol of the Russian man who bends, but does not break or fall. In his youth, in the forest, Savely stepped on a sleepy bear, and, being frightened once in his life, he thrust a spear into her, injuring his back in the process.
Explaining his heroic nature to Matryona, Savely gives a generalized portrait of the hero, coinciding with his own: his arms are twisted with chains, his legs are forged with iron, entire scaffolding is broken on his back, Elijah the prophet rides on his chest and rattles his chariot (hyperbole).
The character of Savely and the circumstances that shaped him
At the time of his acquaintance with Matryona, Savely lived in a special upper room and did not allow anyone into it, despite the protests of his family. He built this room after returning from hard labor. Later, he made an exception for his little great-grandson and Matryona, who was fleeing the wrath of her father-in-law.
The family did not favor Savely when he ran out of money accumulated in hard labor. He did not argue with his family, although he could play a trick over his son, who called him a convict and branded. Grandfather's smile is compared to a rainbow.
The old man had a habit of sometimes saying aphorisms related to his past life and hard labor: “To not endure is an abyss, to endure is an abyss.”
He does not repent of his crime, for which Savely was sent to hard labor. From his point of view, it was impossible to tolerate, although patience- this is the property of a Russian hero. But Savely repents that he caused the death of his great-grandson. He crawls to Matryona on his knees, goes into the forests, and then to the monastery to repent. At the same time, Savely is capable support Matryona, sympathize to her.
The history of relations between the Koryozhinsky men and their masters is the history of the enslavement of Holy Rus'. Savely seems to come from those ancient Russian “blessed” times when the peasants were free. His village was in such remote swamps that the master could not get there: “The devil has been looking for our side for three years.” Life in the wilderness was associated with brutal hunting, so Savely “ petrified, he was fiercer than a beast,” and only love for Dyomushka softened him.
The peasants gave the rent to master Shalashnikov only when he tore them. For them it was the same as a military feat: they stood for their patrimony, they defeated Shalashnikov.
Savely is a man simple and direct, to match master Shalashnikov. He could not cope with the cunning of the German Vogel, the managing heir, who quietly enslaved the peasants and ruined them completely. Savely calls this state hard labor.
The men endured for eighteen years: “Our axes lay there for the time being.” And then they buried the German Vogel alive, whom Nekrasov called Khristyan Khristianich (sarcasm). It was Savely who first pushed the German into the pit, and it was he who said: “Pump it up.” Savely has the qualities rebel.
Savely knew how to use any circumstances to his advantage. In prison he learned to read and write. After 20 years of hard labor and 20 years of settlement, Savely returned to his homeland, having saved money. Starting the story about Savelya, Matryona ironically calls him lucky. Taking the blows of fate, Savely I was not discouraged and was not afraid.
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Essay on literature. Saveliy - Holy Russian hero
The reader recognizes one of the main characters of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Savely - when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet paints a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a huge beard
Grandfather looked like a bear
Especially, like from the forest,
He bent over and went out.
Savely's life turned out to be very difficult; fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived with the family of his son, Matryona Timofeevna’s father-in-law. It is noteworthy that grandfather Savely does not like his family. Obviously, all household members have far from the most best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his own family, Savely is called “branded, convict.” And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.
It’s interesting to observe how Savely is not averse to making fun of his family members:
And they will annoy him greatly -
He jokes: “Look at this
Matchmakers are coming to us!” Unmarried
Cinderella - to the window:
but instead of matchmakers - beggars!
From a tin button
Grandfather sculpted a two-kopeck coin,
Tossed on the floor -
Father-in-law got caught!
Not drunk from the pub -
The beaten man trudged in!
What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Savely differs both from his son and from all his relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not disdain drunkenness, and is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, and outstanding. He shuns his household; apparently, he is disgusted by the pettiness, envy, and malice characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in his husband’s family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that befell him:
“Oh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will change its mind
About death - hellish torment
In the other world they are waiting.”
Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure over himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength; no one could compete with him. In addition, life was different before, the peasants were not burdened with the difficult responsibility of paying dues and working off corvée. As Savely himself says:
We did not rule the corvee,
We didn't pay rent
And so, when it comes to reason,
We'll send you once every three years.
It was in such circumstances that the character of young Savely was strengthened. No one put pressure on her, no one made her feel like a slave. Moreover, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:
There are dense forests all around,
There are marshy swamps all around,
No horse can come to us,
Can't go on foot!
Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work peacefully, without feeling someone else’s power over them.
When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs come to mind, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they were in charge of their own lives.
The old man talks about how the peasants dealt with bears:
We were only worried
Bears... yes with bears
We managed it easily.
With a knife and a spear
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along protected paths
I go: “My forest!” - I scream.
Savely, like a real fairy-tale hero, lays claim to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths and mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything; he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.
The unity of the hero Saveliy and the nature surrounding him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely become stronger. Even in old age, when years and adversity have bent the old man’s back, remarkable strength is still felt in him.
Savely tells how in his youth his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master and hide their existing wealth from him. And even though they had to endure a lot for this, no one could blame people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.
Savely - very proud man. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he remembers how only people weak in spirit surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:
Shalashnikov tore excellently,
And he received not so much great income:
Gave up people are weak,
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He remained silent and thought:
“No matter how you take it, son of a dog,
But you can’t knock out your whole soul,
Leave something behind!”
Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one’s well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:
These were proud people!
And now give me a slap -
Police officer, landowner
They're taking their last penny!
Savely's young years were spent in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and unnoticed. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population and gradually observed peasant life.
Gradually he gained the trust of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which their godforsaken place could be easily reached.
And then came hard labor
To the Korezh peasant -
ruined the threads
Free life is over, now the peasants have fully felt all the hardships of a forced existence. Old man Savely speaks about people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only the truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such bullying, and so generous as not to forgive such treatment of themselves.
That's why we endured
That we are heroes.
This is Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
A man is not a hero"?
And his life is not a military one,
And death is not written for him
In battle - what a hero!
Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons, speaking about people's long-suffering and courage. He uses folk epic, speaking about heroes:
Hands are twisted in chains,
Feet forged with iron,
Back...dense forests
We walked along it - we broke down.
What about the breasts? Elijah the prophet
It rattles and rolls around
On a chariot of fire...
The hero endures everything!
Old man Savely tells how the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager for eighteen years. Their whole life was now at the mercy of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And the manager was always dissatisfied with the results of the work and demanded more. Constant bullying from the Germans causes strong indignation in the souls of the peasants. And one day another round of bullying forced people to commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of supreme justice comes to mind. The peasants had already felt completely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But you can’t mock a person with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.
But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:
Bui-city, There I learned to read and write,
So far they have decided on us.
The solution has been reached: hard labor
And whip first...
The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only to be released closer to old age. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in his old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This incident once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a toy in the hands of fate.
Savely, the Holy Russian hero in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
Presented the material: Finished Essays
Nekrasov found an original way to show the struggle of peasants against serf owners at a new stage. He settles the peasants in a remote village, separated from cities and villages by “dense forests” and impassable swamps. In Korezhin, the oppression of the landowners was not clearly felt. Then he expressed himself only in Shalashnikov’s extortion of rent. When the German Vogel managed to deceive the peasants and, with their help, pave the road, all forms of serfdom appeared immediately and in full measure. Thanks to such a plot discovery, the author manages, using the example of only two generations, to reveal in a concentrated form the attitude of men and their best representatives to the horrors of serfdom. Specified technique was found by the writer in the process of studying reality. Nekrasov knew the Kostroma region well. The poet's contemporaries noted the hopeless wilderness of this region.
The transfer of the scene of action of the main characters of the third part (and perhaps the entire poem) - Savely and Matryona Timofeevna - to the remote village of Klin, Korezhinsky volost, Kostroma province, had not only psychological, but also enormous political meaning. When Matryona Timofeevna came to the city of Kostroma, she saw: “There is a forged copper standing, exactly like Savely’s grandfather, a man in the square. - Whose monument? - “Susanina.” Comparing Saveliy with Susanin is of particular importance.
As established by researcher A.F. Tarasov, Ivan Susanin was born in the same places... He died, according to legend, about forty kilometers from Bui, in the swamps near the village of Yusupov, where he led the Polish interventionists.
The patriotic act of Ivan Susanin was used... to elevate the “House of Romanov”, to prove the support of this “house” by the people... Upon request official circles M. Glinka’s wonderful opera “Ivan Susanin” was renamed “A Life for the Tsar”. In 1351, a monument to Susanin was erected in Kostroma, on which he is represented kneeling in front of a bust of Mikhail Romanov, towering on a six-meter column.
Having settled his rebellious hero Savely in the Kostroma “Korezhina”, in the homeland of Susanin... the original patrimony of the Romanovs, identifying... Savely with Susanin, Nekrasov showed who the Kostroma “Korezhina” Rus' will actually give birth to, what the Ivan Susanins are really like, what it’s like in general Russian peasantry, ready for a decisive battle for liberation.
A.F. Tarasov draws attention to this fact. On the Kostroma monument, Susanin stands in front of the king in an uncomfortable position - kneeling. Nekrasov “straightened out” his hero - “a copper forged... man stands in the square,” but he doesn’t even remember the figure of the king. This is how it manifested itself in the creation of the image of Savely political position writer.
Saveliy is a Holy Russian hero. Nekrasov reveals the heroism of nature at three stages of character development. At first, the grandfather is among the peasants - the Korezhiites (Vetluzhintsy), whose heroism is expressed in overcoming the difficulties associated with wildlife. Then the grandfather steadfastly withstands the monstrous flogging to which the landowner Shalashnikov subjected the peasants, demanding a quitrent. When talking about spankings, my grandfather was most proud of the endurance of the men. They beat me hard, they beat me for a long time. And although the peasants’ “tongues were confused, their brains were already shaken, their heads were shaking,” they still took home quite a bit of money that was not “knocked out” by the landowner. Heroism lies in perseverance, endurance, and resistance. “Hands are twisted with chains, legs are forged with iron... the hero endures everything.”
Children of nature, hard workers, hardened in battle with harsh nature and freedom-loving natures - this is the source of their heroism. Not blind obedience, but conscious stability, not slavish patience, but persistent defense of one’s interests. It is clear why he indignantly condemns those who “...give a slap to the police officer, the landowner, who are stealing their last penny!”
Savely was the instigator of the murder of the German Vogel by peasants. Deep in the recesses of the old man’s freedom-loving nature lay hatred of the enslaver. He did not psyche himself up, did not inflate his consciousness with theoretical judgments, and did not expect a “push” from anyone. Everything happened by itself, at the behest of the heart.
“Kick it up!” - I dropped the word,
Under the word Russian people
They work more friendly.
“Keep it up! Give it up!”
They pushed me so hard
It was as if there was no hole.
As we see, the men not only “had their axes lying around for the time being!”, but they also had an unquenchable fire of hatred. Coherence of actions is acquired, leaders are identified, words are established with which to “work” more amicably.
The image of the Holy Russian hero has one more charming feature. The noble goal of the struggle and the dream of the bright joy of human happiness removed the rudeness of this “savage” and protected his heart from bitterness. The old man called the boy Dema a hero. This means that he brings childlike spontaneity, tenderness, and sincerity of a smile into the concept of “hero.” The grandfather saw in the child the source of a special love for life. He stopped shooting at squirrels, began to love every flower, and hurried home to laugh and play with Demushka. This is why Matryona Timofeevna not only saw in the image of Savely a patriot, a fighter (Susanin), but also a warm-hearted sage, capable of understanding much better than he could statesmen. The grandfather’s clear, deep, truthful thought was clothed in “good” speech. Matryona Timofeevna does not find an example for comparison with the way Savely can speak (“If the Moscow merchants, the sovereign’s nobles happened, the Tsar himself happened: there would be no need to speak better!”).
Living conditions mercilessly tested the old man’s heroic heart. Exhausted from the struggle, exhausted by suffering, the grandfather “overlooked” the boy: the pigs killed his favorite Demushka. The heart wound was aggravated by the cruel accusation of “unjust judges” of the grandfather’s cohabitation with Matryona Timofeevna and of premeditated murder. Grandfather suffered painfully from irreparable grief, then “he lay hopelessly for six days, then he went into the forests, grandfather sang so much, grandfather cried so much that the forest groaned! And in the fall he went to repentance at the Sand Monastery.”
Did the rebel find solace behind the walls of the monastery? No, three years later he came again to the sufferers, to the world. Dying, one hundred and seven years old, the grandfather does not give up the fight. Nekrasov carefully removes from the manuscript words and phrases that are not in harmony with Savely’s rebellious appearance. The Holy Russian hero is not devoid of religious ideas. He prays at Demushka’s grave, he advises Matryona Timofeev: “But there is no point in arguing with God. Become! Pray for Demushka! God knows what he’s doing.” But he prays “...for the poor Dema, for all the suffering Russian peasantry.”
Nekrasov creates an image of enormous general meaning. The scale of thought, the breadth of Savely’s interests - for all the suffering Russian peasantry - make this image majestic and symbolic. This is a representative, an example of a certain social environment. It reflects the heroic, revolutionary essence of the peasant character.
In the draft manuscript, Nekrasov first wrote and then crossed out: “I am praying here, Matryonushka, I am praying for the poor, the loving, for the entire Russian priesthood and for the Tsar.” Of course, tsarist sympathies, faith in the Russian priesthood, characteristic of the patriarchal peasantry, manifested themselves in this man along with hatred for the enslavers, that is, for the same tsar, for his support - the landowners, for his spiritual servants - the priests. It is no coincidence that Savely is in the spirit folk proverb expressed his critical attitude with the words: “High is God, far is the king.” And at the same time, the dying Savely leaves a farewell testament that embodies the contradictory wisdom of the patriarchal peasantry. One part of his will breathes hatred, and he, says Matryona Timofeev, confused us: “Don’t plow, not this peasant! Hunched over the yarn behind the linens, peasant woman, don’t sit!” It is clear that such hatred is the result of the activities of a fighter and an avenger, all heroic life which gave him the right to say words worthy of being carved on the “marble plaque at the entrance to hell” created by Russian tsarism: “There are three roads for men: a tavern, a prison and penal servitude, and for women in Rus' there are three nooses.”
But on the other hand, this same sage recommended while dying, and recommended not only to his beloved granddaughter Matryona, but also to everyone: his comrades in the struggle: “Don’t be afraid, you fools, what is written in your birth cannot be avoided!” In Savelia, the pathos of struggle and hatred is still stronger, rather than the feeling of humility and reconciliation.
N. A. Nekrasov
Saveliy is a Holy Russian hero (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”)
The reader recognizes one of the main characters of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Savely - when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet paints a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a huge beard
Grandfather looked like a bear
Especially, like from the forest,
He bent over and went out.
Savely's life turned out to be very difficult; fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived with the family of his son, Matryona Timofeevna’s father-in-law. It is noteworthy that grandfather Savely does not like his family. Obviously, all members of the household do not have the best qualities, but the honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his own family, Savely is called “branded, convict.” And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave!..”.
What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Savely differs both from his son and from all his relatives. He shuns his household; apparently, he is disgusted by the pettiness, envy, and malice characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in his husband’s family who was kind to Matryona.
In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength; no one could compete with him. In addition, life was different before, the peasants were not burdened with the difficult responsibility of paying dues and working off corvée.
Savely is a proud man. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he remembers how only people weak in spirit surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:
Shalashnikov tore excellently,
And not so great
Income received:
Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He remained silent and thought:
“No matter how you take it, son of a dog,
But you can’t knock out your whole soul,
Leave something behind!”
Savely's young years were spent in an atmosphere of freedom. Gradually he gained the trust of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which their godforsaken place could be easily reached.
And then came hard labor
To the Korezh peasant -
Ruined to the bone!
Free life is over, now the peasants have fully felt all the hardships of a forced existence. Old man Savely speaks about people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such bullying, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.
That's why we endured
That we are heroes.
This is Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
Is the man not a hero?
Old man Savely talks about how the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager for eighteen years. Their whole life was now at the mercy of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And the manager was always dissatisfied with the results of the work and demanded more. Constant bullying from the Germans causes strong indignation in the souls of the peasants. And one day another round of bullying forced people to commit a crime. They kill the German manager.
The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was not easy. He spent twenty years in captivity, only to be released closer to old age. This incident once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a toy in the hands of fate.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” plunges us into the world of peasant life in Russia. Nekrasov’s work on this work occurred after the peasant reform of one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. This can be seen from the first lines of the “Prologue”, where the wanderers are called “temporarily obliged” - this is the name given to the peasants who emerged from serfdom after the reform.
In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” we see diverse images of Russian peasants, learn about their views on life, find out what kind of life they live and what problems exist in the life of the Russian people. Nekrasov’s depiction of the peasantry is closely connected with the problem of searching happy person- the purpose of the journey of seven men across Rus'. This journey allows us to get acquainted with all the unsightly sides of Russian life.
Savely is rightfully considered one of the main images of the poem, with whom the reader becomes acquainted in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World.” Saveliy's life story is very difficult, like that of all peasants of the post-reform era. But this hero is distinguished by a special freedom-loving spirit, inflexibility in the face of the hardships of peasant life. He bravely endures all the bullying of the master, who wants to force his subjects to pay him tribute by flogging. But all patience comes to an end.
This is what happened with Savely, who, unable to bear the tricks of the German Vogel, seems to accidentally push him towards a hole dug by the peasants. Savely, of course, is serving his sentence: twenty years of hard labor and twenty years of settlements. But do not break him - the hero of the Holy Russian: “branded, but not a slave”! He returns home to his son's family. The author draws Savely in the traditions of Russian folklore:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years without a haircut,
With a huge beard
Grandfather looked like a bear...
The old man lives separately from his relatives, because he sees that he is needed in the family, while he gave money... He only treats Matryona Timofeevna with love. But the hero’s soul opened up and blossomed when his daughter-in-law Matryona brought him his grandson Dyomushka.
Savely began to look at the world completely differently, he thawed at the sight of the boy, and with all his heart he became attached to the child. But even here, evil fate trips him up. Star Saveliy - fell asleep while babysitting Dyoma. The boy was torn to death by hungry pigs... Savely's soul is torn from pain! He takes the blame upon himself and repents of everything to Matryona Timofeevna, telling her how much he loved the boy.
Saveliy will spend the rest of his long hundred-seven-year life atonement for his sin in monasteries. Thus, Nekrasov shows in the image of Savely a deep commitment to faith in God, combined with a huge reserve of patience of the Russian people. Matryona forgives his grandfather and understands how Savely’s soul is tormented. And in this forgiveness too deep meaning, revealing the character of the Russian peasant.
Here is another image of a Russian peasant, about whom the author says: “lucky too.” Savely appears in the poem as a folk philosopher; he reflects on whether the people should endure a powerless and oppressed state. Savely combines kindness, simplicity, sympathy for the oppressed and hatred for the oppressors of the peasants.
ON THE. Nekrasov in the image of Savely showed a people gradually beginning to realize their rights and a force to be reckoned with.
Matryona Timofeevna told the walkers about the fate of Savelia. He was her husband's grandfather. She often sought help from him and asked for advice. He was already a hundred years old, he lived separately in his upper room, because he did not like his family. In solitude he prayed and read the calendar. Huge, like a bear, hunched over, with a huge gray mane. At first Matryona was afraid of him. And his relatives teased him about being branded and a convict. But he was kind to his son’s daughter-in-law and became a nanny for her first-born. Matryona ironically called him lucky.
Savely was a serf of the landowner Shalashnikov in the village of Korega, which was lost among impenetrable forests. That is why the life of the peasants there was relatively free. The master excellently tore down the peasants who were withholding the rent from him, since due to the lack of roads it was difficult to reach them. But after his death it got even worse. The heir sent manager Vogel, who turned the life of the peasants into real hard labor. The crafty German convinced the men to work off their debts. And in their innocence they drained the swamps and paved the road. And so the master's hand reached out to them.
For eighteen years they endured the German, who with his death grip let almost everyone around the world. One day, while digging a well, Savely carefully pushed Vogel towards the hole, and the others helped. And they responded to the German’s cries with “nine shovels,” burying him alive. For this he received twenty years of hard labor and the same amount of imprisonment. Even there he worked a lot and managed to save money to build an upper room. But his relatives loved him while they had money, then they began to spit in his eyes.
Why does Nekrasov call this cold-blooded killer a Holy Russian hero? Savely, who has a truly heroic physical strength and strength of spirit, for him the intercessor of the people. Savely himself says that the Russian peasant is a hero in his patience. But the thought lingers in his mind that “the men have axes for their adversaries, but they are silent for the time being.” And he chuckles to himself in his beard: “Branded, but not a slave.” For him, both not to endure and to endure are all the same thing, that is an abyss. He speaks with condemnation of the obedience of today's men, who died in his day, the lost Aniki warriors, who are only capable of fighting with old men and women. All their strength in small things was lost under rods and sticks. But his wise folk philosophy led to rebellion.
Even after hard labor, Savely retained his unbroken spirit. Only the death of Demushka, who died through his fault, broke the man who had endured hard labor. He will spend his last days in the monastery and in wanderings. This is how the theme of people's long-suffering was expressed in the fate of Savely.
Essay Savely in the poem Who Lives Well in Rus'
Nekrasov set himself a huge task - to show how exactly the abolition of serfdom affected life ordinary people. To do this, he creates seven peasants who walk all over Rus' and ask people if they are living well. Grandfather Savely becomes one of the respondents.
Outwardly, Savely looks like a huge bear, he has a large gray “mane”, broad shoulders and a big increase, he is a Russian hero. From Savely’s story, the reader understands that he is not only a hero outwardly, he is also a hero internally, in character. He is a very persistent, resilient and filled with life wisdom person. A man who experienced many sorrows and many joys.
In his youth, Savely lived far in the forest, where the hand of evil landowners had not yet reached. But one day a German manager was appointed to the settlement. Initially, the manager did not even demand money from the peasants, the tribute required by law, but forced them to cut down the forest for it. The narrow-minded peasants did not immediately understand what was happening, but when they cut down all the trees, a road was built into their wilderness. It was then that the German manager came with his entire family to live in the wilderness. Only now the peasants could not boast of a simple life: the Germans were fleecing them. A Russian hero is capable of enduring a lot for a long time, Savely argues during this period of his life, but something needs to be changed. And he decides to rebel against the manager, whom all the peasants are burying in the ground. Here the enormous will of our hero is manifested, which is even stronger than his boundless Russian patience.
For such insolence he is sent to hard labor for 20 years, and after that for another 20 years he works in the settlements, saving money. Not every person is capable of plowing for 40 years for one goal - to return home and help his family with money. It is worthy of respect.
Upon returning home, the worker is greeted very cordially, he builds a hut for his family and everyone loves him. But as soon as the money runs out, they start laughing at him, which greatly offends Savely; he does not understand what he did to deserve such treatment.
The end of the grandfather’s life ends in the monastery, where he atones for the sins he committed: it was his fault that his grandson died. Savely is the image of a true Russian hero, capable of enduring a lot, but ready to rush into the fight for the freedom of his neighbors. The author calls him “lucky” with irony, and this is true: he is unhappy for the rest of his life.
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