The largest subject in the Russian Federation by population. The largest region of Russia

Russia is a huge country with a contrasting population distribution. Its numbers are not evenly distributed across Russian regions. The demographic situation also varies between different regions.

Population of Russia

According to Rosstat, the population of Russia in 2017 was about 146,800,000 people. This places the country in 9th place in terms of population on the planet.

The average population density is 8.6 people/km2, which is quite low for modern era meaning. According to this indicator, Russia is one of the least populated countries in the world. However, the distribution of residents in different regions varies greatly. So, if in the European part of the country the density is 27 people/km 2, then in the Asian part it is only 3 people/km 2.

The highest population density is in the Moscow region - over 4,626 people per square kilometer. The minimum indicator is in the Chukotka District, where its average value is below 0.07 people/km 2 .

The share of the urban population in the country is 74 percent. There are 170 cities in Russia with a population of over 100,000 people, and 15 of them have a population of more than 1 million.

Russia is a country of pensioners. Their share of total number able-bodied citizens make up 1/2-1/3. The situation is approximately the same in Greece. It is knitted with a low natural

Population by region of Russia

In Russia there are a total of 85 regions, of which 22 are republics, 9 are territories, 46 are regions, 3 are big cities, 1 - autonomous region, and 4 - autonomous districts.

The population size by region of Russia often does not reflect its density. Regions with low population density are usually large administrative entities, while in areas with high population density they are predominantly small in area.

It leads in terms of population. This is due to its economic and social attractiveness. Of the administrative regions of Russia, Moscow is the leader in terms of population, where it is 12 million 380 thousand people. It is followed by the Moscow region with a population of 7 million 423 thousand people. Third place goes to the Krasnodar Territory - 5 million 571 thousand people.

Fourth, fifth and sixth places are occupied by St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk and Rostov regions, respectively.

Of the regions of Russia in terms of the number of inhabitants, the Magadan region, Chukotka autonomous region and Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Population of Russian regions by year

Since 1990, there has been no clear increase in the country. Until this year (with the exception of the military five-year plan of the forties), a stable increase was noted. The situation was worst in the 90s and the first decade of the 2000s. Then the birth rate caught up with the death rate, but after 2014 a negative trend prevailed again.

At the same time, the total number of residents in the country has been increasing since 2010, which is explained by an increase in the flow of migrants. Before this, starting from the mid-90s, the population in the country was decreasing.

IN last years the trend towards a decrease in the number of residents is most typical for the central and western parts European territory Russia. This part of the country also has the lowest birth rate and the highest high mortality rate. That is, both of these factors act simultaneously, reinforcing each other. In the North Caucasus and some Siberian regions, the number of inhabitants is increasing.

The largest increase in the number of residents is observed in Moscow, the Moscow region and Krasnodar region. In each of them, the annual growth in the number of residents was more than 50,000 people. These regions are obviously among the most prosperous in the country, and therefore are more attractive to migrants. This increase was mainly due to them. Population growth due to the natural (birth rate minus mortality) demographic process was noted in Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia and Tyva.

Most regions are experiencing population declines. There are 60 such regions in total. The leaders in negative growth are Chukotka and the Magadan region. Here, since 1990, the number of residents has decreased by 3 times. The situation is somewhat better in Kamchatka, the Murmansk and Sakhalin regions and in the Komi Republic.

Migration flows

Migration flows are most active in the Moscow, Tyumen regions and in the Sevastopol district. Apparently, this is due to their greater attractiveness to Russian citizens. Regions Far East and the Far North, on the contrary, lead in population outflow.

The worst situation is with the outflow of people in the Magadan, Tambov regions, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in the Jewish Autonomous Region, as well as in some other regions.

Population of Russia by city

There are only 2 megacities in Russia. This is Moscow with a population of over 12 million people. and St. Petersburg with a population of over 5 million people. In other cities there are no more than two million people. Thus, in Rostov-on-Don it is 1 million 125 thousand people, in Novosibirsk - 1 million 603 thousand people, in Yekaterinburg - 1 million 456 thousand people, in Nizhny Novgorod- 1 million 262 thousand people. etc.

Among cities with a population of less than 1 million inhabitants, Krasnodar is the leader. It is home to 882 thousand people. In second place is Saratov with a population of 845 thousand people. In third place is Tyumen with a population of 745 thousand people.

Conclusion

Thus, the population is unevenly distributed across Russian regions. Huge regions in the Asian part of the country are practically deserted, while small regions and areas in the European part are densely populated. The largest region in Russia in terms of population is Moscow.

The population dynamics of regions depends on two factors: natural increase and population migration. It is clear that showing exactly how much population has arrived or declined according to these parameters in each region over a long period– the task is hardly feasible, because Rosstat has been publishing such data only since 2008. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to just a few points.

Firstly, the article shows the change in regional population from 1990 to 2015. The change in population by region in the period 1970-1990 is also shown for reference.

Then the change in the population of the regions as a whole and by components in 2015 was noted: natural and migration growth, coefficients by components per 1000 people. population.

The material also shows for reference the natural increase in the regions of the RSFSR (including Crimea) in 1990.

Sources:

Russian statistical yearbook different years publications;

Rosstat Bulletin “Number and migration of the population of the Russian Federation.”

Data on the population of Crimea and Sevastopol for 1970 and 1990 were borrowed from Wikipedia (with links to Ukrainian statistical resources).

Pictures and tables are clickable.

The color symbols in Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2 reflect the change in population for the specified period by:

Table 1 – Change in the population of Russian regions in 1970-2016, thousand people. (including Crimea).

Figure 1 – Change in the population of Russian regions (RSFSR, including Crimea) in 1970-1990, %

From 1970 to 1990, the population of most regions of the RSFSR, including Crimea, grew steadily. The most noticeable increase in population Western Siberia, regions of the Far North, Far East, Crimea, Caucasian Republics, Moscow and Leningrad. The population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has grown 4 times, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - more than 5 times.

A slight decline in population was observed from 1970 to 1990. in 13 regions of the European part of the country. The largest decrease was recorded in the Tambov region - by 13%.

In the next period (1990-2016), the picture changes dramatically.

Figure 2 – Change in the population of Russian regions (including Crimea) in 1990-2016, %

Population decline is observed in 60 regions. The most severely (3 times) depopulated were the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Magadan Region. The population of Kamchatka, the Sakhalin and Murmansk regions, and the Komi Republic has decreased by a third.

The population increased in only 24 regions (out of 84). Most of all - in Dagestan, Moscow and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Table 2 – Change in population in the regions in 2015 by components, thousand people. (including international migration).

Regions are ranked by overall population change.

Table 3 - Coefficients of population change in regions by component in 2015, per 1000 people. (including international migration).

Figure 3 – Total population growth (population decline) in 2015 by region, thousand people.

Figure 4 – Overall population growth (population decline) in 2015 by region, per 1000 people. population.

Leaders of absolute population growth among regions in 2015: Moscow, Moscow region and Krasnodar Territory. Each of these regions increased its population by more than 50 thousand people. And in all these regions, the growth is mainly due (more than 80%) to migration flows.

Per 1,000 people, the largest population growth was recorded in Sevastopol (almost entirely due to visitors). The list of “outsiders” includes: Jewish Autonomous, Magadan and Tambov regions, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Now a few words and images regarding natural growth in the regions.

Figure 5 – Natural increase (population loss) in 2015 by region, per 1000 population.

Figure 6 – Natural increase (population decline) in 1990 by region, per 1000 population.

There has been a significant deterioration in natural increase rates since 1990. An increase is observed only in five regions: Chechnya, Krasnodar Territory, Moscow, Moscow Region and St. Petersburg. In 1990, natural growth was recorded in 62 regions (out of 84 presented in the tables), in 2015 – in 41.

Both in 1990 and in 2015 the leaders of natural increase are national republics: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan and Tyva. In 1990, the list of leaders in natural growth among regions (more than 12 per 1000 people) also included Yakutia, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. But by 2015, the increase in these regions fell below 12 per 1,000 people.

Migration growth in the regions

Figure 7 – Migration growth (population loss) in 2015 by region, people.

Figure 8 – Migration growth (population loss) in 2015 by region, per 1000 population.

The largest share of migrants per 1,000 population was received in 2015 by: Sevastopol, Tyumen region (excluding districts) and Moscow region.

There is a very large migration of population from the regions of the Far East and almost all regions of the Far North. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which were previously attractive for migrants, now have negative migration growth. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is generally the first among regions in terms of negative migration growth per 1000 population.

Russia is a federal state. It consists of 85 subjects, which are endowed with equal rights. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest region of Russia. Let's continue the ranking of the country's largest subjects by area and population.

By occupied territory

1. Republic of Sakha. Yakutia is part of North-Eastern Siberia. Area - 3083.523 thousand km². The capital is Yakutsk. The Republic of Sakha ranks first in the world in size among administrative-territorial units. 2 official languages: Russian and Yakut. 40% of the area is located outside the Arctic Circle.

Natural areas: taiga, forest-tundra and tundra. 80% of the area is forest. Temperature standards: July +19.5 °C, January –38.6 °C. There are 3 time zones on the territory of the republic (+6, +7, +8 hours relative to Moscow time).

Founded in 1934. Area - 2366.797 thousand km². It makes up 13.86% of the territory of Russia. In the bowels of the earth there are 95% of Russian reserves of nickel and 20% of gold. There are 7 nature reserves.

Krasnoyarsk Territory - hydropower potential of the country. There are 20 power plants operating on the territory.

Khabarovsk Territory is part of the Far East. The southwestern zone borders China. Area – 787.633 thousand km².

The region includes the mainland plus several islands. Formed in 1938. The natural landscape is represented by coniferous forests - 85% of the forest belt.

Irkutsk region was founded in 1937. The occupied territory is 774.846 thousand km². Urban residents - 78.9%. The capital is Irkutsk. Ethnic composition includes 37 nationalities, among them:

• Russians - 88%.
• Buryats - 3.2%.
• Ukrainians - 1.27%
• Tatars - 0.94%.
• Others - less than 0.5% (Belarusians, Armenians, Yakuts, Khakassians).

Developing sectors of the economy: forestry and pulp industry, mechanical engineering and mining.

The territory occupies 769.250 thousand km². The capital is the city of Salekhard. The region is a leader in natural resource reserves, including 136 deposits:

• 59 oil and gas condensate;
• 62 oil;
• 9 gas and oil;
• 6 gas.

The population is 536,049 people, of which 61% are Russians.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located in the Far North region. Occupied area - 721.481 thousand km². In the east it borders with the USA sea ​​border. The capital is the city of Anadyr.

There is a border regime in the region. The climate is harsh, winter lasts 10 months. Temperature values: January -27°C, July +7.5°C.

7. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. Territory area - 534.801 thousand km². The capital is Khanty-Mansiysk. The region's economy consists of:

• oil and gas industry (81.7%);
• electric power industry (6.1%);
• manufacturing industry (12.2%).

Indigenous peoples are the Khanty and Mansi. The word “Ugra” appeared in the name in 2003. A similar definition was used to describe the peoples beyond the Northern Urals.

Formed in 2007. Area - 464.275 thousand km². The region is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula including the mainland, Karaginsky and Commander Islands.

There are 300 volcanoes on the territory, of which 29 are active.

Territory with an area of ​​462.464 thousand km². The capital is Magadan. Founded in 1953. The basis of the relief is mountain ranges. Permafrost is observed.

Supporting industries:

• extraction of precious and non-ferrous metals (gold, silver, molybdenum, copper);
• fisheries;
• reindeer husbandry.

Area - 431.892 thousand km². Created in 2008. The administrative center is Chita.

The landscape is represented by mountains. Population - 1,078,000 people. Rural residents - 32%. Coal reserves amount to 2 billion tons (2% of the national figure).

By population

Moscow is a city of federal significance. Population 12.38 million people. It is among the top 10 cities in the world by number of inhabitants.

Performs a number of purposes:

• tourist center;
• transport hub;
• financial core.

Main nationalities: Russians (91.65%), Ukrainians (1.42%), Tatars (1.38%).

Included in Central federal district. Formed in 1929. The region's population is 7.423 million people. Sustainable growth of residents due to migration. Average age citizen of the region - 39 years old.

In terms of the number of residents, 4 districts lead:

• Odintsovsky - 316,000 people.
• Ramensky - 256,300 people.
• Sergiev Posad - 225,300 people.
• Balashikha - 225,300 people.

Developed industries in the region: energy, trade, communications, industry and tourism.

The population is 5.570 million people. 54.6% are urban residents. Founded in 1937. The administrative center is Krasnodar.

Basis of national composition:

• Russians - 86.6%, of which 0.1% are Cossacks;
• Armenians - 5.4%
• Ukrainians - 2.6%

The population is 5.281 million people. Men 46.6%, women 54.4%.

St. Petersburg is an economic center, including:

• trade (21.5%);
• manufacturing industries (19.9%);
• operations on real estate (19,3%);
• transport (11.8%).

In terms of quality of life, the city ranks 176th in the world rankings.

Number - 4.329 million people. Date of foundation - 1973. Population density - 22.28 people/km2 - 3 times higher than the Russian average (8.57).

By national composition: 90% - Russians, Tatars - 3.5%, Ukrainians - 0.9% and Bashkirs - 0.8%. The unemployment rate is 6.9%.

Number - 4.231 million people. Urban population- 67.9%. National composition:

• Russians (90.3%);
• Armenians (2.6%);
• Ukrainians (1.9%);
• Turks (0.9%).

Main sectors: agricultural and food industry, agricultural engineering and coal mining. The capital is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Population - 4.066 million people. City dwellers - 61.9%. Ranks 1st among Russian regions in terms of volume:

• oil refining;
• fuel production;
• number of cattle;
• production of honey and milk.

The capital is the city of Ufa.

Number - 3.885 million people. Official languages: Russian and Tatar. Urban population - 76.6%.

There are citizens of 115 nationalities in the territory, of which Tatars - 53.2% and Russians - 39.7%. The capital is the city of Kazan.

Population - 3.660 million people. City residents - 80.41%. Industries supporting the region's economy:

• forestry;
• industry (86.4% - fuel);
• energy.

The administrative center is Tyumen.

Population - 3.502 million people. Industry Chelyabinsk region highly developed due to ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering.

National composition:

• Russians (83.8%);
• Tatars (5.6%);
• Bashkirs (4.8%);
• Ukrainians (1.48%);
• Kazakhs (1.05%).

The capital is Chelyabinsk.

Every Russian region individual, has its own history and internal potential. Some regions are larger in area than Argentina, France and Spain.