Salvador was given the paintings and their meanings. Paintings and creativity of Salvador Dali, surrealism

Salvador Dali ( full name Salvador Domenech Felip Jacinte Dalí and Domenech, Marquis de Dalí de Pubol, cat. Salvador Domènec Felip Jacint Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí de Púbol, Spanish. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí y de Púbol; May 11, 1904 (19040511), Figueres - January 23, 1989, Figueres) - Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer. One of the most famous representatives of surrealism.

Worked on the films: “Un Chien Andalou,” “The Golden Age” (directed by Luis Buñuel), “Spellbound” (directed by Alfred Hitchcock). Author of the books Secret life Salvador Dali, as told by himself" (1942), "The Diary of a Genius" (1952-1963), Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution (1927-33) and the essay "The Tragic Myth of Angelus Millet."

Salvador Dali was born in Spain on May 11, 1904 in the city of Figueres, province of Girona, into the family of a wealthy notary. He was a Catalan by nationality, perceived himself as such and insisted on this peculiarity of his. He had a sister, Anna Maria Dalí (Spanish: Anna Maria Dalí, 6 January 1908 - 16 May 1989), and an older brother (12 October 1901 - 1 August 1903), who died of meningitis. Later, at the age of 5, Salvador was told by his parents at his grave that he was the reincarnation of his older brother.

As a child, Dali was a smart, but arrogant and uncontrollable child. One day he started a scandal in a shopping area for the sake of a candy, a crowd gathered around, and the police asked the owner of the shop to open it during siesta and give the boy some sweets. He achieved his goal through whims and simulation, always striving to stand out and attract attention.

Numerous complexes and phobias, for example, fear of grasshoppers, prevented him from engaging in normal activities. school life, establish ordinary bonds of friendship and sympathy with children. But, like any person, experiencing sensory hunger, he sought emotional contact with children by any means, trying to get used to their team, if not as a comrade, then in any other role, or rather the only one he was capable of - as a shocking and disobedient child, strange, eccentric, always acting contrary to other people's opinions. Losing at school gambling, he acted as if he had won and was triumphant. Sometimes he would start fights for no reason.

Classmates treated the “strange” child rather intolerantly, took advantage of his fear of grasshoppers, slipped these insects down his collar, which drove Salvador to hysterics, which he later told about in his book “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, Told by Himself.”

Learn fine arts Dali started in the municipal art school. From 1914 to 1918 he was educated at the Academy of the Brothers of the Marist Order in Figueres. One of his childhood friends was the future FC Barcelona footballer Josep Samitier. In 1916, with the family of Ramon Pichó, he went on vacation to the city of Cadaqués, where he became acquainted with modern art.

In 1921, at the age of 47, Dali’s mother died of breast cancer. For Dali this was a tragedy. That same year he enters the Academy of San Fernando. The drawing he prepared for the exam seemed too small to the caretaker, which he informed his father, and he, in turn, informed his son. Young Salvador erased the entire drawing from the canvas and decided to draw a new one. But he only had 3 days left before the final assessment. However, the young man was in no hurry to get to work, which greatly worried his father, who was already long years suffered his quirks. In the end, young Dali announced that the drawing was ready, but it was even smaller than the previous one, and this was a blow for his father. However, the teachers, due to their extremely high skill, made an exception and accepted the young eccentric into the academy.

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The great and terrible Salvador Dali lived a bright, full of contradictions life. From childhood, he was distinguished from his peers by his obnoxious character and masterful ability to manipulate adults. A strange, incomprehensible child could not fit into the framework of behavioral norms, for which he was often ridiculed. His actions could not be assessed from the point of view of the logic of an ordinary person.

The genius that the Catalan boy realized in himself very early made it difficult for everyone around him to live. The parents idolized the child, because his older brother died of meningitis, so all-consuming love fostered narcissism and self-centeredness from an early age. Permissiveness and freedom of choice gave the world masters of surrealism, in whose works dreams, phobias and childhood memories are encrypted.

Painted in oil in 1925, it is one of the early works of the genius. The clear, geometric lines of Cubism were not chosen by chance. The creation of two heroes Harlequin and Pierrot by means of visual deception, a paper collage located in the middle of the room symbolizes the dual nature of man, in which opposing images of clowns are layered. The palette is quite muted, only purple is revealed outside the window. seascape with a lonely sailboat. After the death of his mother, Dali was left without a family and without support, which did not smooth out the intransigence of his life attitudes.

Before meeting Gala, the artist's younger sister was best friend Salvador Dali and this is the only work dedicated to her. On cardboard, in oil, in 1924, Anna Maria is depicted sitting on a chair. Children's Unity and spiritual closeness remained with them in their youth. A beauty with bottomless eyes in a light white dress sits with her face bowed. It was Golden time friendship between brother and sister. But, the marriage with Gala forever destroyed all family relationships, Anna Maria’s reproaches and jealousy and all the support of her wife in her work made the choice obvious, and only one faithful muse remained.

Geopolitical baby watching the birth of a new man

The artist spent the difficult period of World War II in America. His beloved Spain was at the very center of the bloody events, and, of course, worries about the fate of humanity resonated in the soul of the genius. The painting was painted in 1943, at the height of hostilities in Europe. In the center is a huge egg, symbolizing the planet. A crack runs through it and a hand can be seen tightly grasping the shell. The outlines inside say what kind of torment he is experiencing New person, and a drop of blood falls onto the white cloth spread under the planet. In the right corner stands a woman with hair flowing in the wind and bare breasts, pointing to the baby hugging her knees at the complex action of the birth of a new consciousness of humanity. The universe is depicted as a desert, where lonely silhouettes can be seen. Written in yellow-brown tones, symbolizing painful condition in which the world is located.

Inspiration for one of best works Salvador Dali became piece of Camembert cheese. A deserted beach with quiet surface of water became an unconscious person. A melted clock resembling the shape of a cheese hangs on the branch of a broken tree. In the center lies a bizarrely shaped creature, in which you can see closed eyelids with long eyelashes, on which there is also a soft watch. A peculiar idea of ​​time, which slowly flows away in the quiet haven of human consciousness.

It is based on a human outline, which is lost in his fantasies and imagination. The author created a work of amazing depth, the boundaries are blurred, and the space becomes cosmically endless. The same feeling is conveyed by connecting time periods of human history. Antiquity and the Middle Ages remained through the means of columns and architecture, modernity is represented by clear forms of cubism. The painting contains many images understandable only to the artist. Salvador Dali's fascination with Freud's theories is evident in The Invisible Man.

You can look at the paintings of Salvador Dali for hours, peering at the images and silhouettes hidden by metamorphoses and the author’s imagination. “Galatea of ​​the Spheres” seems to have been created with the help of modern high technology. How can you paint the transparent outlines of a permanent muse with the usual tools of an artist in a variety of spheres? The three-dimensional image carries you into infinity, sky blue tones create a universe consisting of a thousand atoms and creating one beautiful woman.

In the center is an image of a vase, which is nothing more than a beautiful, antique face. Blurred cheekbones turn into a tablecloth, where rope, a scarf and nails are carelessly thrown. In the background you can see human silhouettes and a seascape. Two dogs towering above the vase, which the author makes part of nature, creating visual metamorphoses.

On the chessboard in the left corner there is a woman in Renaissance clothes, in front of the sea surface of water. The gaze of the woman, who is recognizable as the artist’s wife, is directed upward, where Jesus Christ is crucified. The face is not visible, the head is thrown back, the body is stretched out like a string, the fingers are bent in a painful spasm. The geometric shapes of the cube and the perfection of the young body merge and at the same time become antipodes. The cold surface of the crucifixion is human indifference and cruelty, on which love and kindness die.

The last creation of the hand of the great master dedicated to his beloved wife. On the horizon you can see turquoise sea and a clear sky, and in the center, gradually decreasing, 3 female profiles belonging to Gala are visible. The smile that lit up her face is no less mysterious than that of Leonard da Vinci's Mono Lisa. Looking at the canvas from top to bottom, you can identify the very first image, golden, fuzzy, blurry, symbolizing the first years together. The second face is erected on a pedestal, on this life stage Dali deified his love, his narcissism retreated before the perfection of an amazing woman. The last profile, larger in size than the others, is gray in color, devoid of warm gold. This is his Gala, real, with vices and virtues, forever remaining the main and irreplaceable for the genius.

Salvador Dali, thanks to his all-consuming talent, could turn everything he touched into a “museum exhibit,” into a masterpiece, a legacy for future generations. Be it a photograph or a painting, a book or an advertisement - he managed to do everything on top level. He is a genius who was cramped in his country, his works were ahead of their time and thanks to this the artist became “great” during his lifetime. Today we, as you may have guessed, will talk about the well-known representative surrealism - Salvador Dali and about the best, most famous of his paintings.

“... I decided and began to comprehend space-time by contemplating levitation, which destroys entropy” - the words of the artist, spoken as a description of his painting depicting the process of loss of form. It was written in 1956. Currently located in the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.

“Landscape near Figueres” is one of the most early works artist, which he painted at the age of 6 on a postcard in 1910. This shining example, illustrating Dali's impressionistic period. It is currently stored in private collection Albert Field in New York.

"The Invisible Man" or "The Invisible Man" is a painting painted by Salvador Dali between 1929 and 1933. Kept in the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. This is a work in progress experimental work, in which Dali practiced double images. On it the artist very elegantly depicted hidden meanings and contours of objects.

“Appearance of a face and a bowl of fruit on the seashore” - another surreal painting, demonstrating metamorphoses, hidden meanings and contours of objects. The semblance of a bowl of fruit on the table and the landscape form the folded figure of a dog and the face of a man. This work was written in 1938. Now located in the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.

In 1943, during the Second World War, Dali painted a picture about the birth of a new man. We see how a person tries to hatch from an egg, which symbolizes the birth of a new force, and is also a symbol of the universe.

This work was painted in 1940, at the beginning of World War II in California, USA, where the artist lived for 8 years. Through his work he condemns the horrors of war and the suffering of the people facing it. The painting is located in the Boijmans-van Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

“Dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a second before awakening” is one of the few paintings painted by Dali in 1944. This is an example of Freud's influence on surrealist art, as well as the artist's attempt to explore the world of dreams. Located in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid.

The painting was painted in 1954. This is an unconventional, surreal image of Jesus Christ crucified on a tesseract - a hypercube. The woman below is Gala, the wife of Salvador Dali. The artist seems to be hinting that Christ is being crucified by the coldness of this world and soullessness. The painting is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Undoubtedly, this is one of the best and most famous paintings by Salvador Dali. It was written in 1931. It has three names - “Memory Persistence”, “Memory Persistence” and “Memory Persistence”. Soft watch" It’s interesting that the idea of ​​its creation was inspired by the artist’s view of processed Camembert cheese. It depicts a person's experience of time and memory, which is enlivened by the region of the unconscious, in the form of flowing hours.

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The great Spanish painter Salvador Dali created more than one and a half thousand works throughout his life, among which one can find true masterpieces of the surrealist movement. But this man is familiar to many fans of his work not only from his paintings. He was a versatile creative personality who also found himself as a sculptor, writer, director and actor. The brush master's biggest dream was to create own museum, which would most closely resemble theater, and he succeeded. Now in Figueres there is his Museum-Theater, which houses many of the artist’s works not only in the form of paintings, but also sculptures.

Anna Maria

Anna Maria(1924). This painting shows younger sister Dali Anna. For a long time the artist and his sister were very close; in many ways they were united by spiritual kinship. On the canvas, the painter depicted Anna as a true beauty. The friendship between brother and sister continued until Dali met his life path Galu - the Muse of his whole life. The sister's jealousy of his chosen one destroyed all family and friendly relations between Anna and Salvador.

The Persistence of Memory

« The Persistence of Memory" or "Soft Hours" (1931). This painting by the great surrealist is familiar to many. The work brought great fame to the painter. The canvas depicts several clock mechanisms, displayed in a flowing form. In this painting, the painter moves away from the linear concept of time frames. Here you can notice that the creation depicts the head of the artist himself, who is sleeping. It took the genius only a couple of hours to create the masterpiece. This work is now kept in the New York Museum of Modern Art.

Giraffe on fire

"Giraffe on Fire"(1937). The artist painted this canvas almost before leaving to emigrate to the USA. This work clearly demonstrates the artist's struggle against the politics of his country. Salvador Dali called himself an apolitical person. This picture also reflects the painter’s premonition of an imminent war. The main character of the canvas, the burning plane itself, is in the background and actually symbolizes the premonition of military actions that will unfold in the near future in the state. In the foreground, the artist chose to depict two women whose structure is supported by crutches. Thus, the master of the pen expressed the human subconscious.

The face of war

The face of war(1940). This work appeared at a time when the surrealist was already living in the USA. On the canvas you can see the image of a head, which in to a greater extent resembles a skull, and around it there are snakes, as if emitting a hiss in the mouth, and each of the eye sockets has another skull, clearly reflecting the whole terrible essence of the war. You can also see the handprint of Salvador on the canvas. The painting is now kept in the Rotterdam Museum.

Mae West face

« Mae West's face"(1974). The work relates to late works painter and made in a comic style. The painting depicts the face of a famous American actress. The woman's lips are made in the form of a red sofa, the curtains serve as hair, May's eyes are depicted in the form of two paintings, and the nose is a fireplace, on which a clock is placed, representing the bridge of the nose. The artist’s work occupies an entire room, which is an illusion: from a distance the actress’s face is clearly depicted, but as soon as you come closer, the objects from which the creator “assembled” West’s face immediately become clear.

Great masturbator

"The Great Masturbator"(1929). One of the most famous paintings the artist reflects his contradictory attitude towards intercourse between a man and a woman. IN childhood Dali saw his father’s book on medicine, which showed photographs of the genitals of people suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. Since then, the young creator associated sexual intercourse with the process of decay, which is clearly visible in the work. Subsequently, this incident greatly influenced the artist, who for a long time experienced an aversion to sex. Until the end of Salvador Dali's life, the painting belonged to his museum, after which it was moved to the Madrid Museum.

Surreal composition

"Surreal composition" or "Meat of the Holiday Chicken" (1928). In this picture, many connoisseurs and fans of surrealism note the influence of Yves Tanguy, who was characterized by the same manner of reflecting space and floating figures. Currently, the composition is kept in the museum of the same name of the great surrealist painter, but under a completely different name - “Inagural Gooseflesh”.

Portrait of Luis Buñuel

"Portrait of Luis Buñuel"(1924). At the age of 25, young Dali painted a portrait of a man who had a huge influence on his subsequent life. The young creator took part in several of Buñuel’s films, including “The Golden Age” and “Un Chien Andalou.” On the canvas, the painter depicted his friend as a thoughtful and very serious person. It is easy to notice that the painting itself is made in a gloomy tone, with which the artist wanted to emphasize Louis’s gaze, filled with deep thoughts. For a long time, the painting was owned directly by the person depicted in the portrait. Now the work is stored in the Reina Sofia Art Center, which is located in the capital of Spain.

Landscape near Figueres

"Landscape near Figueres"(1910). The painting belongs to one of the early works famous artist, an adherent of the surrealism movement. Dali created this painting as a child, at that time he was only 6 years old. Work is done oil paints. The painting clearly shows the features of impressionism - a popular movement at that time among creative personalities. The painter will create this kind of canvases in this direction until the 20s, after which he will move on to cubism and surrealism. Currently, this painting is in the private collection of one of Dali’s admirers.

Atomic Leda

Atomic Leda(1949). At this time, the Spanish painter lived in California. The first sketches appeared 4 years before the painting was completed. On the canvas, the master of the pen depicted the ruler of Sparta and Zeus. In the work, all objects are depicted in weightlessness and do not touch each other, which is where the first word in the title “atomic” comes from. According to tradition, Leda is depicted in a nude form as the artist’s wife, Gala. Zeus in the painting is represented as a swan. In the background you can see the rocky coast of the Costa Brava. Currently, the original is kept in the Salvador Dali Museum.

Today, May 11, is the birthday of the great Spanish painter and sculptor Salvador Dali . His legacy will forever remain with us, because in his works many find a piece of themselves - that very “madness” without which life would be boring and monotonous.

« Surrealism is me“, - the artist shamelessly asserted, and one cannot but agree with him. All his works are imbued with the spirit of surrealism - both paintings and photographs, which he created with unprecedented skill. Dali proclaimed complete freedom from any aesthetic or moral compulsion and went to the very limits in any creative experiment. He did not hesitate to bring to life the most provocative ideas and wrote everything: from love and the sexual revolution, history and technology to society and religion.

Great masturbator

The face of war

Splitting the atom

Hitler's mystery

Christ of Saint Juan de la Cruz

Dali began to be interested in art early and took private painting lessons from the artist while still at school Nunez , professor at the Academy of Arts. Then, at the School of Fine Arts at the Academy of Fine Arts, he became close to the literary and artistic circles of Madrid - in particular, Luis Buñuel And Federico Garcia Lorcoy . However, he did not stay long at the Academy - he was expelled for some overly bold ideas, which, however, did not stop him from organizing the first small exhibition of his works and quickly becoming one of the most famous artists Catalonia.

Young women

Self-portrait with Raphael's neck

Basket with bread

Young woman seen from the back

After that Dali meets Gala, which became his muse of surrealism" Arriving at Salvador Dali with her husband, she immediately became inflamed with passion for the artist and left her husband for the sake of a genius. Dali but, absorbed in his feelings, as if he didn’t even notice that his “muse” had not arrived alone. Gala becomes his life partner and source of inspiration. She also became a bridge connecting the genius with the entire avant-garde community - her tact and gentleness allowed him to maintain at least some kind of relationship with his colleagues. The image of the beloved is reflected in many works Dali .

Portrait of Gala with two lamb ribs balancing on her shoulder

My wife, naked, looks at her own body, which has become a ladder, three vertebrae of a column, the sky and architecture

Galarina

Naked Dali, contemplating five ordered bodies, turning into carpuscules, from which Leda Leonardo, fertilized by the face of Gala, is unexpectedly created

Of course, if we talk about painting Dali , one cannot help but recall his most famous works:

A dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before waking up

The Persistence of Memory

Flaming Giraffe

Swans reflected in elephants

Pliable structure with boiled beans (Premonition civil war)

Anthropomorphic locker

Sodom self-satisfaction of an innocent maiden

Evening spider... hope

The Ghost of Wermeer of Delft, which can also serve as a table

Sculptures Dali took his surreal talent to a new level - from the plane of the canvas they jumped into three-dimensional space, acquiring shape and additional volume. Most of the works became intuitively familiar to the viewer - the master used in them the same images and ideas as in his canvases. To create sculptures Dali I had to spend several hours sculpting in wax and then creating molds for casting figures in bronze. Some of them were then cast in larger sizes.

Besides everything else, Dali was an excellent photographer, and in the century of the very beginning of the development of photography, together with Philip Halsman he managed to create absolutely incredible and surreal photographs.

Love art and enjoy the works of Salvador Dali!