Where to start teaching Russian to foreigners. Or the Russian language is great and powerful

Can every Russian language tutor teach a foreigner to speak? Certainly,No. To do this, you need to know not only your native language, but also the language of your student. Besides,master teaching methods specifically for foreigners. We have selected useful tips and examples of techniques for beginning tutors.

Russian speech should surround your student everywhere

If you have not graduated from the Faculty of Russian Foreign Languages (RFL), then now you have the opportunity to fill the gap - complete courses or learn one of the techniques yourself using manuals and video lessons.

Many specific techniques have been developed, and, of course, not a single one can be fully described in the article: they are contained in “thick” manuals. Therefore, let us dwell on some teaching principles.

It is better to teach Russian to foreigners individually at first. After two months, you can move on to group classes: this will help your students quickly master colloquial speech, build dialogues. If classes are held 3-4 times a week, you will need 120-160 hours.

The classical approach recommends that a Russian language tutor start with the alphabet. Having learned the letters and sounds, we move on to reading. At the same time, the student’s head needs to be “filled” with Russian words.
Whatever section of the language you study, pay maximum attention to spoken language: it is unlikely that a foreigner will need to write impeccably correctly, but his career will largely depend on correct speech that does not make others laugh.
Over time, your student should learn to recognize multiple meaning words whose meaning depends on context. For example, cream as a cosmetic product and cream as a confectionery product.
Watch films together in Russian, for example, the famous comedies of Ryazanov or Gaidai, because everything related to humor is easier to remember. If your student doesn't understand funny situations, explain them.

Examples of techniques

A good methodology course was developed by Moscow State University teachers. It’s called “Teaching RFL”. It can be learned remotely in 12 days, and after completing the course, the Russian language tutor receives teaching materials who will help conduct classes. The good thing about the course is that it excludes unnecessary theory and only provides knowledge that is specifically needed in practice.

Let’s take, for example, a topic such as methods of teaching cases to foreigners. In general, cases are the most difficult for foreigners. If Russian-speaking schoolchildren need to be explained the spelling of unstressed case endings (in the field, on the desk) - they hear “i” and write “e”, then foreigners need to be taught which case to use in which case.

For example, “I’m walking along the path” -— dative, “I’m walking without a coat” - genitive case, “I’m walking with a friend” - instrumental case, etc. This can only be practiced in speech, so a Russian language tutor should select as many speaking exercises as possible. You will find many different dialogues in the manual “My Friends Cases” (authors: Bulgakova, Zakharenko, Krasnykh).

The author of another method, Natalya Karapetyan, recalls that there is a State educational standard for RFL. According to this standard, the elementary level includes 800 words, the basic level - 1300, the 1st level - 2300, etc. Since it is important to choose the right words to study at each level, she developed selection criteria. There are three of them:

Frequency of use.
The possibility of including them in a particular topic (for example, “In the store”, “The road home”).
Compatibility (big - small, go - move away - move, etc.).

Based on these three principles, words are selected for each level.

And in conclusion - let the Russian language tutor not forget to put himself in the place of a foreigner, in native language who simply does not have some Russian letters and sounds, who is accustomed to the fact that every word in a sentence in his language has its own specific place. Don’t be surprised if he asks: “Why can’t you say I don’t have money? After all, they say, “I have money?” Explain everything patiently, and most importantly, encourage him to talk and talk!

Lecture by N.V. Kulibina “ Practical course teaching RFL":

Take it for yourself and tell your friends!

Let's look at the main nuances of teaching Russian to a foreigner

In order to teach a foreigner the Russian language, a tutor must follow some rules. The first one is individual approach. You must understand that the subject you are teaching is new to the person and will initially be extremely difficult for him. That is why the first lessons are best conducted individually. Over time, when your student gets a little more comfortable and begins to understand Russian speech, you can move on to group classes. To achieve the best results, lessons should be held at least three times a week;

As mentioned above, learning Russian is extremely difficult. That is why the training program should include three points: the ability to speak Russian, learning the rules, applying knowledge in practice;
In order for your student to subsequently be able to read and write in Russian, he must, of course, learn the letters. Start your learning process by learning the alphabet. After the student remembers and learns all the letters, you can start reading. As a practice, you can hang sheets of paper throughout the apartment with letters written on them. A person will involuntarily read the letters and thereby remember them faster;
The following sections must be present in the learning process: phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and speech development. Focus on each section. Special attention pay attention to speech development;
Explain to a foreigner that the Russian language is rich in words that have several meanings. The student must understand that it is necessary not only to learn the rules and be guided by them, but also to perceive the Russian language as a means of communication;
You must understand that foreign citizens perceive Russian speech a little differently. This is why some lessons must be structured with certain specifics. Well, for example, the topic “Types of verbs” in a foreign textbook is significantly different in its construction than in literature for schoolchildren from Russia. In the first option there is a list of all the rules relating to perfective and imperfective verbs;
Try to speak with the student exclusively in Russian. This way he will quickly get used to the sound of Russian words and remember them faster. Use the student's native language only in the most extreme cases, for example, when you need to explain something;
Your student should use Russian in all aspects of their life. Invite him to watch a film together in Russian or listen to an audio recording;
Talk to your Russian-speaking friends and ask them to communicate with your student. How more people will speak Russian, the faster he will learn it;
It is very important to identify the level of language proficiency at the initial stage. Perhaps a person can understand what is being said to him, but at the same time he is not able to correctly formulate a sentence for an answer. In this case, an individual program must be drawn up;
Conduct classes in game form. This will make it much easier for the student to master the material covered and the learning will not look intrusive and monotonous. Show interesting videos and films.

In an effort to master fashionable and prestigious languages - English, German, Chinese - modern young people pay less and less attention. Some do not consider this necessary, others rely on text editors, and there are those who are sure that for current activities it is quite A school course is enough.

However, employers pay attention to the literacy of documents compiled, so for many people it is important to independently study the Russian language. But is it possible to achieve desired result without a tutor?

Here are some tips from teachers:

Start with grammar. Few people have the innate ability to “feel” language. To maneuver freely among the vast majority of rules, it is enough to master textbooks for grades 5-10. It’s even easier if you had good grades in school. In this case, diagrams and humorous pictures-rules, of which there are plenty on the Internet, will help you “get back into shape.”

Try to use text editors as little as possible. Firstly, they are often wrong, and secondly, they reduce your self-confidence.

Don't relax. Self-study Russian language assumes permanent job over yourself, so even when chatting with friends you need to pay attention to spelling and punctuation.

Work on your pronunciation. Incorrect emphasis in words such as “cakes” and “call” during communication will reveal your gaps in education.

Read the classics. This is how you visually remember how certain words are written. At the same time, your choice is huge. An excellent alternative to Dostoevsky’s “boring reading” will be the works of foreign authors translated into Russian. However, before reading, you should ask for reviews about the quality of the translation.

And one more piece of advice. To improve your pronunciation, repeat after the announcers of news programs or programs on cultural channels. This is where you have the best chance of “absorbing” the thoroughbred sound. And if you want to learn with us, welcome! There is a lot on the site interesting material For

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Preparation for Russian language exams:

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May 17, 2007
EKATERINA (SPAIN)
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Good afternoon, Olga! Just recently I came to your site, it was very interesting to read the stories of girls about life abroad with foreign husbands, I wanted to share some of my observations - in particular, to touch upon the topic of our husbands learning the Russian language.
Best regards, Ekaterina, Spain .
WALKING THE DOG,
OR THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IS GREAT AND POWERFUL
Experience of teaching Russian to a foreign husband
.
.
. Having arrived in Barcelona four years ago from Moscow after graduating from university, where I studied Spanish for several years, and after actually getting married to my beloved Spanish husband, I received a surprise: it turns out that my husband is not a Spaniard at all, but a Catalan (Catalonia, or Catalunya is an autonomous province of Spain with its capital in Barcelona), and everyone around them speaks a language called “Catalan”: this, as they say, is a kind of mixture of Italian and French, with the Spanish language “Castellano” having very little in common.
“Where has ours been missing!” I thought and set about studying my husband’s native language, which resulted in two years of attending special classes for foreigners coming to live in Catalonia. I communicated with my husband and his family in Spanish, we understood each other perfectly (later I even began to understand Catalan, my husband’s relatives communicate with each other only in this language, for me they switch to Spanish, but sometimes they get carried away with Catalan and before my husband had to translate for me ), my husband could communicate with my relatives only on his fingers and with the help of some English words. “It’s a mess,” I thought, “where is the justice?”
So, it was decided to start teaching my husband the great and mighty Russian language and at the same time fulfill my childhood girlish ambitions of becoming a teacher. I took the issue seriously, sifted through a bunch of information on the topic that I could find on the Internet, bought a special textbook, and we got down to business. And we immediately discovered that the Russian language is very difficult to teach to a foreigner, especially since in my case my ideas about teaching consisted of writing “twos” in a diary in calligraphic handwriting (like Marya Vasilyevna, the Russian teacher at my school, for some reason I I always wanted to give exactly “twos”, well, “threes” - maximum!)
Over the course of six months of classes twice a week for an hour, we learned the basic verbs like “want”, “go”, “eat”, etc., learned how to conjugate them (I’m especially proud of this achievement!), learned to read, really , the letters “ш”, “з” and “ы” are still difficult for my husband, we were wildly tired of these same classes twice a week for an hour and decided that the academic path was not for us. Therefore, “the concept has changed” (c), we switched to the practical path.
Since then, on all our car trips, instead of the radio, CDs with Russian pop music were turned on. Why with pop music? Yes, because, as a rule, the lyrics in such songs are simple and uncomplicated, they are easy to remember, and the same words are repeated in this case with pleasing frequency. Very soon the first results appeared: the husband began to sing along with the performers, although not yet understanding what exactly he was singing. Gradually, understanding and awareness came, and my trips turned into hell! They constantly tugged me and found out: what does it mean “I won’t give it to anyone”, “let me go”, “my only one”? Why is it sung here “you love” and not “loves”? How would it be the same thing, only in the feminine gender? And in men's? What about on average? Oh, on average people don’t sing to themselves? And if they sang, what would it be like? To my requests to “leave me a little alone today,” I received: “What are you doing? Would you like to help me learn Russian??” Yes I want, I want!
The reward for my suffering was my husband’s solemn performance of the chorus of Valeria’s song “The Clock” on New Year’s Eve in Moscow for my parents:
Call me your girl,
And then hug, and then deceive,
And the little clock laughs: tick-tock,
Don't regret anything and love for nothing.
Stormy applause. But that was later. In the meantime, we continued to study. I simply told my husband about myself and very soon he began to report to my Russian friends and acquaintances: “Katya is beautiful, kind, smart, slim, good” - and the list goes on. Very quickly (probably from my frequent checks - didn’t I forget, it took an hour!) I also learned the words: goddess, queen, princess, darling, beloved. Then we began to introduce the superlative form of adjectives: the most beautiful, the kindest, and read above.
It must be said that by that time, the husband had already mastered the genders of nouns and adjectives and verb conjugations very well. There were more problems with cases. It was very difficult for the Spaniard, like, I think, for any other European, to understand why it is possible to say “coffee with sugar”, but not “coffee without sugar”. One friend once told me that her husband, who is also studying Russian, is quite for a long time I couldn’t get used to our cases and went “for a walk with the dog.” But this is all nonsense! In fact, whether your husband says “no sugar” or “no sugar” - you will still understand him!
It is much easier for Russians to learn Spanish than for Spaniards to learn Russian, I realized that you don’t need to strive to teach him to speak correctly, you just need to teach him to speak. The grammar of the Russian language is very complex, and if you strive for the absolutely correct use of its rules in colloquial speech, everything will stall, and your husband, frightened by the difficulties and lack of results, will change his mind about studying the language at all. So for breakfast we drank tea “without sugar” and continued to learn the language.
By the way, now my husband understands cases better, at least “with butter” - “without butter” - this bounces off our teeth. In the process of continuing the study, another one was discovered by-effect: when we came to Moscow to visit our parents and went for a walk, my husband, with the spontaneity of a child, walking next to me on the street, loudly read all the signs, tablets and inscriptions that came across him on the way. And he inquired whether he had read and pronounced the sounds correctly. He especially liked to “read” the map of metro stations in the carriage. The metro, by the way, is a very fun place; we often rode it from one end of Moscow to the other, and my husband learned the names of almost all the stations along our route. And not just station names. He still really likes to scare me, telling me in a sepulchral voice for no apparent reason: “Be careful. Doors are closing. The next station...” is the one that comes to mind. This is also our most “ancient” pearl, along with the “Watch”.
Now I want to do lyrical digression. There is some joke, the meaning of which I don’t remember, but there was this idea: if you buy a parrot that lived in someone’s family, then you can form an opinion about this family. Naturally, we are talking about a talking parrot. Why am I saying this? And to the fact that, to my shame, I must admit that I very quickly taught my husband many swear words that I knew. It's really fun to hear him say them in his childish accent (by the way, I still can't understand why he sounds absolutely like a child learning to speak??), without having a particularly clear idea of their meaning. It was fun and funny exactly until the moment when the well-known Russian curse words were solemnly pronounced by my husband in the presence of my parents. Thank you for not being in front of your grandparents. Of course, in response to the question “Who taught him this?” I had to roll my eyes and say, “Oh, my God, really, who?”
But I made a conclusion for the future. Although it was late. Because my dad decided that my son-in-law already speaks Russian quite well so that he could start helping him take it to the next level. In my dad’s understanding, “another level” meant teaching my husband all sorts of “manly” words. Thus, in the vocabulary of my beloved, the word “leave me alone” and the word “jeeeeeeenschina” appeared, pronounced necessarily in a dismissive tone with an accompanying roll of the eyes under the forehead. As was written above, the letter “sch” is still difficult for us, so in fact, it sounds like this: “jeeeeeensins,” but it’s still offensive. The apotheosis was the husband’s acquaintance with the classics of Russian literature and cinema, namely, with a quote from the book and, accordingly, the film “ dog's heart": "Get off, you nit!" It is not difficult to guess that in this case my dad was also the teacher. My husband sings this phrase as an encore with special pleasure. "Geeeeensins" are outraged.
One fine day, the moment finally came when my husband felt the strength to communicate directly with my relatives and friends. Surprisingly (though why is it surprising, we tried so hard!), but they understood him, and he understood. True, at first the problem arose of people not realizing that in front of them was not a Russian person, but a foreigner trying to speak Russian. They spoke to him absolutely the same as to any other Russian person. For example, my grandmother. To my husband’s joyful question: “How are you?”, the answer was: “Well... my lower back is aching, the weather is not clearing up, but how are you?” The husband did not understand anything. I had to explain to my grandmother that I had to say the same thing, but clearly and clearly: “My back hurts, the weather is bad, how are you?” When people grasp this idea, things go much better. It is very important to keep in mind that they will have to help the person (my husband) understand themselves (grandmother and everyone else).
Over time, my husband got used to the verb “to live” and often “complains” about me on the phone to my mother: “Do you see how I’m doing?” Learned some of ours phraseological units like clockwork, applies them with or without reason. "Do you want to eat?" - “Like clockwork!” Very believably he sighs from time to time: “Gosss...”, sometimes he is indignant: “Yoklmn!” The most important thing is that he can communicate with our Russian relatives and friends, even over the phone, this is especially important and valuable in the case when people do not speak English.
My husband even downloaded it from the Internet and read Chekhov’s stories! I would like, of course, not to add anything more to this, but I’ll add it anyway: not in Russian, but in Spanish. I made an attempt to read “War and Peace” in the same Spanish. Yeah, of course, I didn’t master it entirely in due time. But together we watched my dearly beloved film “Girls” and the cartoon “Hedgehog in the Fog.” Of course, I had to help with the translation, but only help, and not translate everything!
Now my husband speaks Russian quite confidently, notice that I said “confidently” and not “good”. And I'm glad about it. I am happy when we talk to someone in Russian in the presence of my husband, I try to translate to him what we mean we're talking about, and he says: “No need, I understand!” - as in “Juno and Avos,” a play, the recording of which, by the way, we also watched together. I’m happy when he snatches the phone from me when I’m talking with my parents and says to my mother: “Mother-in-law, mother-in-law, do you see how I’m doing??” I even rejoice when he once again quotes “Heart of a Dog” to me! Although I swear a lot.
Now at home I never speak in Spanish those words or phrases that I know for sure that he can understand in Russian. In everyday life, kitchen and culinary topics, Russian even prevails over Spanish. I can proudly say that my husband and I speak Spanish and RUSSIAN. This is true! He recently changed jobs, sent out his resume, and I was surprised to find that in the “Language knowledge” column he writes: Russian – First level. Perhaps it's time for us to move to the advanced level?
.

Tip 1: How to teach Russian to foreigners

If you teach Russian to foreigners or decide to help your friends from another country master the spoken language, you need to take into account the specifics of the students’ native culture and at the same time give an idea of the history, culture, way of life and traditions of Russia.

You will need

Methodological manual for teaching Russian as a foreign language;

Dictionaries (explanatory, foreign words);

Films in Russian;

Audio recordings in Russian;

Albums on Russian art.

Instructions

Study methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language. In order to teach Russian as a foreign language, ideally you need to complete special courses. Today, there are many techniques that are successfully used by Russian language teachers, and for representatives different nationalities They are different because they are based on the characteristics of the native languages of foreigners. There is a basic rule: you need to know the students’ native language or understand its structure.

Take up phonetics (theoretical and practical). Each language has its own characteristics: sounds in Russian and French, for example, are not repeated, although they are often similar. The speech apparatus is formed in childhood, so it is difficult for a person to adapt to someone else’s phonetic system. You need to carefully place sounds, practice the pronunciation of sound combinations, taking into account the melodic line of phrases. In principle, language in this aspect is similar to music: you must teach the art of phrasing and intonation.

Watching films and listening to music in Russian. A useful practice is watching films, television shows and listening to music in the original language: in this way you include the student in the process of listening to authentic speech, which is filled with colloquial structures, colored with dialects and patois. During training, it is important to develop speaking skills, and familiarity with audio and video materials will contribute to this. It would be useful to write down phraseological units and jokes that are often used by Russians in conversation (for example: “To live is good! And to live well is even better”), this will allow a foreigner to “read” the connotation of phrases and recognize them.

Visit museums, exhibitions, concert halls. Learning the language should be accompanied by getting to know the culture of the country. To do this, you need to attend lectures on art, museums and galleries, concerts and performances. Studying Russian opera, painting of the Wanderers, architectural features temples and iconostasis, foreigners learn to understand Russian national character and the logic of language (construction of phrases, conjugation of verbs, use of tenses).

Tip 2: How to teach a language

Learning a language is a complex process. It requires the teacher to be completely immersed in the process and have a personal approach to each student. Everyone has theirs weak spots, but some principles are the same for everyone. There are points that must be present in any training of any person.

How to teach a language

Instructions

The most important - lexicon. It must be constantly updated, new words must be learned every day. Periodically give your students new words that you will use in the same lesson to make it easier for them to learn them. To make learning easier, use cards - a word in one language will be written on one side, and a word in another language on the other.

The next most important skill is the ability to speak and construct sentences. The ability to conduct a dialogue is equivalent to grammar, and these two directions are impossible without the other. In order to competently combine these two areas, it is necessary that twenty percent of oral practice consists of repeating the grammar covered in the lesson. It is advisable to use dialogue as often as possible so that students can practice developing oral language.

Practice speaking and retelling as much as possible. Choose a topic that will be of interest to your students and try to provoke them into dialogue in the language you are currently studying. Remember that the more they communicate in the language you are learning now, the better they will learn it.

Practice watching videos and listening to recordings in the language you are currently learning. Try to use audio recordings as often as possible to check the level of students - this way you will achieve better results in getting them to raise their language to the level you need.

Helpful advice

Be patient and lenient with students, but do not allow yourself to be taken advantage of.

Tip 3: How to teach Russian

It's no secret that schoolchildren are not particularly keen on learning the Russian language. And, unfortunately, students cannot boast of literacy. The reason for this state of affairs is that they have not formed a cognitive interest in studying this subject. How to teach Russian in order to captivate children with it?

How to teach Russian

Instructions

Explain to the children that knowledge of the Russian language is not limited to just learning the rules of spelling or punctuation. This is also work on developing speech, practicing the skills of writing essays and presentations. And for this you need to cultivate the need for reading.

When getting acquainted with spelling norms, pay attention to the structure of words. If they learn to identify a particular morpheme, they will be able to understand in which part of the word the letter that needs checking is located, and what spelling we are talking about. Convince schoolchildren that the ability to parse a word according to its composition will help them avoid making mistakes in writing.

Students should know that exceptions to the rules must be learned by heart. There is no other way to check these spellings. There are not so few of them. Therefore, if you come up with counting rhymes or poems about exception words, this will make the children’s work easier. For example, when studying the topic " Writing Y-I after C" you can ask the children to remember funny phrase: "The gypsy on tiptoe tutted the chicken."

Teach children to work with different types dictionaries, especially spelling ones. It is necessary to develop in them the need, in case of difficulty in writing, not to immediately turn to the teacher for a hint, but to turn to the dictionary for help. The writing of a large number of words cannot be checked by remembering the rule or choosing a test word. They are checked against the dictionary.

Explain to the children that they need to learn to see well not only the structure of words, but also sentences. This will allow them to use punctuation correctly. For example, if a child sees that a sentence contains an address or direct speech, then he thinks about punctuation in it. Teach schoolchildren to see the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one. And they will be able to punctuate them without much difficulty.

In addition, the Russian language teacher must carry out work on the formation of careful attitude to your native language.

Tip 4: How to teach Russian

Professionals will say without a moment’s doubt: any language, especially your own, must be taught first of all with love. But there are also features of teaching the Russian language itself, which differ depending on who the language is taught to - a native speaker or a foreigner.

How to teach Russian

Instructions

First, decide who your student is: a child or an adult. Who is his nationality (Russian or foreigner). It is also important to determine what the level of Russian language proficiency is (for foreigners). All these are fundamental principles from which you must build. Without taking them into account, you can easily go astray on the wrong path. In addition, you need to understand what format your classes will take. Will it be individual sessions or group classes? Do you teach at language school or at the university on courses? Depending on this, the lesson program will change.

If you teach Russian to foreigners, make it as easy as possible for them to learn Russian. Remember (if you are in Russia) that people found themselves in a different linguistic environment, encountered a different culture and probably experience culture shock. Vary your activities game tasks, arrange for the students to “go out into the field”: if the topic is “Restaurant”, then drag them to the restaurant, even if they are shy and reluctant, if the topic is “Products”, then by hook or by crook, lure them to the market, even if they are still unwell understand Russian money.

The main thing in working with foreigners learning Russian is overcoming the language barrier and “getting into communication,” that is, into live communication. Even spelling rules and grammatical errors are not so important here. Grammar is also important, but the main thing is that people understand and that people understand other people. They need communication skills and abilities that will allow them to move freely in other cultural environment. Don’t fill their heads with what they don’t need and what will just settle in their brains as unnecessary ballast.

For Russians, it is more important to explain the rules of spelling and the functions that certain linguistic units of their native language perform. They need to understand what's what in their native language. Stylistics, lexicology, syntax are very important sections of the science of language. A native speaker must have at least a minimal understanding of them in order to write and express themselves competently. Agree, if it is important to teach foreigners to speak, then it is important to teach native speakers to speak and write correctly.

No matter who you are trying to teach Russian, your lessons should be based on some kind of regional studies material so that pupils and students can learn more about Russia. This will not interfere with either native speakers or foreigners. Use classic texts in the classroom, adapted texts for foreigners, unadapted ones for Russians, so that the language being studied is associated with the best achievements of Russian culture. This way, the lessons will be more interesting for both you and the students.

Tip 5: How to teach Russian to foreigners

The Russian language is incredibly difficult. It is clear to us, Russian speakers, what a species is, for example. And foreigners have to explain this, write exercises, select suitable texts so that everything is clear to them, just like us. Teaching is already a difficult thing, and it becomes even more difficult when you have to explain something that you understand on an intuitive level.

Instructions

Determine your students' language proficiency level. Complete zero or does he already know the simplest phrases? It also happens that a person expresses himself freely in the language, he understands and is understood, but at the same time he makes mistakes, the negative effect of which is eliminated through gestures and facial expressions. For each of these cases you need to create your own program.

The group is another story. Here you need to define average level language proficiency. If you don't do this, don't expect the weak to follow the strong. The weak will simply give up because they don’t understand anything.

Choose how you will work - with or without an intermediary language - and immediately explain your choice to the student (or group). If a person already has some basic knowledge, it is very important to stimulate him by speaking to him in the target language. But there is no need to do this if this approach only complicates the process.

When working with groups, there is often no such choice left: for example, when people from different backgrounds study together. different countries, Not knowledgeable of the language each other and not knowing English. In this case, you will either have to use your existing basic knowledge and slowly, clearly pronounce the phrases that control educational process, or get out and explain these basic things on your fingers.

Explanation on fingers often has to be used when learning new words. Masters of their craft advise using translation only as a test of understanding. The words themselves need to be semantized - the meaning must be explained through pictures, gestures, playing out entire situations or definitions in Russian, and the latter only works for an advanced level.

Lessons should be made as fun as possible. If your group consists of sociable people, simple people, then games will help you a lot. They can even stir up a beech - it is unlikely that you will have to work with completely a closed person, difficult to make contact. But if the student does not want to join the game, there is no need to force him.

Use for lessons interesting texts, video materials. Take topics that are interesting to students. Ask their opinion more often, do not impose yours. And, when they have more or less mastered the vocabulary and grammar, put them in a real communication situation, for example, if your theme is “Restaurant”, then in the end you need to go to a real restaurant.

Remember that in Russian as a foreign language lessons new vocabulary should be given on the basis of the old grammar, and the new grammar - on the basis of the words and expressions already covered. This way, you will ensure that the material is properly absorbed and retained, and your students won’t find it too difficult to understand you.