Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay, India. His father was the Principal and Professor of the Bombay School of Art. Mother was published in local magazines. IN early childhood Rudyard lived and studied in a private boarding school in England.
In 1878, Kipling entered the Devon School. After graduating from college, he began working in the editorial office of the English-language Civil and Military Newspaper. Rudyard returned to India only after 11 years of living in England.
Portrait of Rudyard Kipling. Artist J. Collier, c. 1892
Kipling's first collection of poems, Department Songs, was published in 1886. In 1888, a collection of short stories was published. Simple stories from the mountains." From 1887 to 1889, Kipling created six collections of stories for the Library of India series. railway", designed for travelers. Kipling soon became very famous.
In 1889 Kipling returned to England. Many of his works were republished here. In 1892, the poetic collection “Songs of the Barracks” was published. Kipling and his wife, Caroline, moved to Vermont. Soon they had two daughters. The writer continued his literary activity. In 1893, he wrote “Many Schemes”; in 1894, “The Jungle Book” was published (a collection of stories that included famous story about Mowgli), in 1895 - “The Second Jungle Book”, in 1896 - the poetry collection “The Seven Seas”. In 1897, the story “Brave Sailors” was published.
Family circumstances led to the writer leaving America for England. Here he continued to write. In 1898, Kipling suffered a heavy loss - his daughter died of pneumonia. This tragedy is reflected in many works.
Kipling. Commandment (Letter to my son)
After the start Anglo-Boer War, in 1899 Kipling found himself in South Africa. Here he edited an army newspaper and was a political and military consultant.
In 1902 Kipling settled in Sussex. Here he bought a house, where he began to live permanently. In 1902, “Just So Fairy Tales” and “Puck from the Hills” were written. In 1906, a collection of children's stories was published. Kipling did not stay away from politics. He supported conservatives, spoke out against feminism, and talked about a possible war with Germany.
In 1907 Rudyard Kipling was awarded Nobel Prize in literature “for observation, vivid imagination, maturity of ideas and outstanding talent as a narrator.” In the same year he received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Durham, as well as awards from the universities of Paris, Strasbourg, Athens and Toronto.
During First World War Kipling's son died. At this time, the writer himself and his wife worked in the Red Cross. In 1917, 1926, 1932 Several more of his collections were published.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling - English writer and a poet, widely known for his works The Jungle Book and Kim, as well as numerous poems.
Kipling was born in Bombay on December 30, 1865. His father was an artist and professor at an art school. When Kipling was 5 years old, his parents decided to send him to an English private boarding school.
Already in at a young age Kipling begins to write his first stories. At this time he was already studying at the Devon School. In 1883, the Civil Military Newspaper began publishing the writer’s works.
In the late 80s, Kipling worked as a reporter and decided to travel to the United States of America, along the way writing travel essays that brought him considerable popularity.
In 1989, Rudyard Kipling published his first novel, The Light Went Out. During these years, he decides to settle in England, where he creates wonderful children's novels “The Jungle Book” and “The Second Jungle Book”.
After Kipling met Cecil Rhodes, who made a great impression on him, while in South Africa in 1899, he wrote one of his best novels, Kim. In Africa time goes by Anglo-Boer War. The writer publishes a military newspaper while in the active army. He also sends reports about the war to England.
The writer is interested in politics and has an analytical and sharp mind. Thus, he suggests the possibility of war with Germany, and he turns out to be right.
In 1892, Kipling married Caroline Balestier. Soon they have two children - Josephine and John. But, unfortunately, the fate of the writer and his family was subjected to tragic blows. While still a child, the writer's daughter dies of pneumonia. And during the war with Germany, his son also died.
Until the 1930s, Kipling continued to write stories, but they were no longer as popular as early works. After the war he traveled a lot. The writer dies in 1936 in London at the age of 70. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Rudyard Kipling made a significant contribution to the development of English literature. His works are widely known to this day.
Biography 2
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born in India in 1865. His father worked as a professor at an art school. Until he was five years old, the writer lived with younger sister in India, but then the children were sent to England, to a private boarding school. Married couple, who ran the boarding house, treated the boy poorly and was often punished. All this had a strong influence on Rudyard. Later, his mother, having learned how badly her children were being treated, took them back to India, but not for long.
At the age of 12 young writer enters a private school and is preparing to enter military academy. This period became a test for a boy with glasses and short stature. Training and education were built on strict discipline. It was here that the future writer formed as a person. But myopia did not allow Kipling to become a military man. The director of the school, an acquaintance of my father, encouraged young man passion for literature. And after college, Kipling, with the support of his father, became a journalist in India. While working as a reporter, the writer also publishes short stories and poems.
In 1888-1889, Kipling traveled around Asia, the USA and England, and his stories and poems were actively published. He decides to stay in England, publishes his first novel and meets the publisher W. Balestier. The young man dies of typhus, and Rudyard later marries the deceased's sister, Caroline. They lived for several years in Vermont (USA), and in 1894-1895 The Jungle Book and The Second Jungle Book were published. Afterwards, the writer and his family return to England.
Kipling had three children, two daughters and one son. In 1899, Josephine died of pneumonia, his eldest daughter. It was a difficult time for the writer; he went to South Africa for a while and wrote the novel “Kim.” In the same year, the writer purchased a house in England. In that country house he writes the books "Puck of the Hills" and "Rewards and Fairies." Kipling begins to write on political topics. In 1915, the writer's only son, John, died in the war. His body was never found. For Rudyard it became great tragedy. For four more years after that, he hoped that his son was still alive. In 2007, the film “My Boy Jack” was released, based on the story of the death of the writer’s son. Elsie's daughter lived long life, the only of the writer’s three children.
Kipling continued to write until his death, but his works enjoyed less and less success. In 1922, the writer travels around France and meets King George V of England, and a friendship develops between them. In 1936, Kipling died from a perforated ulcer. During his lifetime, due to an incorrect diagnosis, he was treated for gastritis. After the death of a writer, his works are rethought and given a second life.
Biography by dates and Interesting Facts. The most important.
He and his sister lived in the Lorne Lodge boarding house and attended school in Southsea.
In 1878 he entered the United Services College at Westward Howe, north of Devon.
He published a home newspaper, for which he wrote poems and parodies.
In 1881, his mother, secretly from her son, published a collection of school poems in Lahore ("Poems of a Schoolchild").
In 1882, Rudyard returned to India and found work as an assistant editor at a Lahore newspaper. In 1887, Kipling moved to the Pioneer newspaper in Allahabad.
In 1886, he published a book of poems, Department Songs. It was followed by "Simple Tales from the Mountains" (1888). His best stories were published in India in cheap editions and were later collected in the books Three Soldiers and Wee-Willy-Winky.
In 1889, Kipling traveled the world and wrote travel notes. In October he arrived in London and almost immediately became a celebrity.
In 1990, his “Ballads of East and West” and “Songs of the Barracks”, created in in a new way English versification.
Kipling's first novel, "The Light Has Gone Out" (1890), appeared in two versions - one with a happy ending, the other with a tragic one.
Due to overwork, the writer's health declined, and he spent most of 1891 traveling around America and the British dominions. Returning to America in January 1892, Kipling married the sister of the American publisher Walcott Balestier, with whom he co-authored the novel Naulanka (1892).
In the spring of 1891, he purchased a piece of land north of Brattleboro, Vermont, from his wife's brother and built big house, which was named "Naulaha".
During the four years he lived in America, Kipling wrote best works- stories included in the collections “Mass of Fiction” (1893) and “Works of the Day” (1898), poems about ships, the sea and pioneer sailors, collected in the book “Seven Seas” (1896).
In 1894, his famous stories about the life of the human cub Mowgli among animals, included in the “Jungle Book,” were written; in 1895, “The Second Jungle Book” was created.
In 1896, Kipling wrote the book The Brave Mariners. At the age of 32, Kipling became the most highly paid writer in the world.
In 1896 he returned to England.
In 1899, during the Boer War (1899-1902), Kipling created so-called “gun clubs” throughout the country. At the end of the year, he became a war correspondent for the military newspaper Friend, published in Bloemfontein, South Africa.
In 1900-1908, on the advice of doctors, the writer spent winters in South Africa.
In 1901, Kipling published the novel "Kim", in 1902 - "Simply Tales" with drawings by the author.
In 1902, having sold Naulaha, the Kiplings moved to Bateman's Mansion (Bairwash, Sussex).
By the middle of the writer's life, his literary style changed - he began to write slowly, carefully, carefully checking what he wrote. For two books historical stories“Puck from Puka Hill” (1906) and “Rewards and Fairies” (1910) are characterized by a higher structure of feelings, some of the poems reach the level of pure poetry. Kipling continued to write stories collected in the books Ways and Discoveries (1904), Action and Reaction (1909), All Kinds of Creatures (1917), Incomes and Expenses (1926), and The Boundaries of Renewal (1932). ).
In 1919 it was published " Complete collection Poems of Rudyard Kipling", republished in 1921, 1927, 1933.
In 1922, Kipling became rector of St Andrew's University.
The work of the writer and poet was awarded various awards, many of which he often refused, preferring to remain independent. In 1899 he renounced the Order of the Bath, second class, in 1903 - the knighthood and the Orders of St. Michael and St. George, in 1921 and 1924 - the Order of Honor.
In 1907, Kipling became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Honorary doctorates from the University of Cambridge (1908), the University of Edinburgh (1920), the Sorbonne (1921) and the University of Strasbourg (1921).
In 1924 he received an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Athens.
Since 1886, Kipling was a member of the Masonic lodge.
Since 1897 - an honorary member of the London Athenaeum Club.
In 1933, Kipling was diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. On January 12, 1936, on his way to Cannes for treatment, the writer ended up in London's Middlesex Hospital, where he underwent surgery on the night of January 13.
On January 18, 1936, Rudyard Kipling died in London from peritonitis that developed after surgery. His ashes were buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.
In 1937, Kipling's autobiography "A Little About Myself. For My Friends - Acquaintances and Strangers" - was published posthumously.
In 1937-1939, the complete, so-called “Sussex” collected works of Rudyard Kipling were published in 35 volumes.
Kipling had three children from his marriage to Caroline Balestier. Daughter Josephine (1893-1999) died early from pneumonia, son George, born in 1897, died in France during the First world war. Second daughter Elsie, born in 1896, died childless in 1976.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
Rudyard Kipling, who in 1907 became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, was born in Bombay on December 30, 1865. Rudyard Kipling became widely famous for his fairy tales and stories about life in the Indian colony: “Kim”, “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi” and everyone’s favorite “The Jungle Book”. Interesting facts about Rudyard Kipling and himself famous book- “The Jungle Book”.
- Many often argue about the place of birth Rudyard Kipling. He was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay, British India. early years, full exotic species and the sounds of India were very happy for the future writer. But at the age of 5, their parents sent them and their sister to study in England. Kipling had many negative memories of these years, since the owner of the private boarding house, Madame Rosa, often used physical punishment on the children, which is why Joseph Rudyard suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life. Later, the writer said that he would gladly burn down the Holloway house (the owners of the boarding house) and sprinkle the ashes with salt.
- Kipling was named after Lake Rudyard, near which his parents got engaged. And if they had a daughter, they planned to name the baby Margaret MacDonald Kipling.
- Like many British colonists born in India, Kipling I felt at home only there, but not in Britain or the USA.
- His father, John Lockwood Kipling, was a professor architectural sculpture at the Bombay School of Art. He was also an excellent designer of ceramic sculpture.
Rudyard Kipling in childhood
- Talking about English literature, it is generally accepted that Joseph Rudyard Kipling is its most popular author. He also became the first Briton to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. By the way, he became the youngest applicant for this award.
- It's surprising, but Kipling rejected many prestigious awards from his country, including knighthood. But he was very proud when he was appointed honorary rector of the University of St. Andrew.
Rudyard Kipling takes office as rector
- Besides stories Rudyard Kipling also published several collections of poetry, including “Department Songs” (1886), “Seven Seas” (1896), “Five Nations” (1903) and other works.
- Kipling considered a very propagandistic author. Throughout his career he strongly promoted the ideas of British imperialism. And, ironically, at first this position brought him huge success, but it was precisely this position that caused his popularity to decline Kipling. He has been called the "poet of the barracks", the "bard of imperialism" and the "literary hooligan". Although, in reality, each of his works was very far from being called at least in some way racist.
- He had a personal dislike for the Nazis due to the fact that they stole their symbols from ancient peoples. Few people know, but on many books Rudyard Kiplig, which were published before 1935, featured a swastika on the cover, a symbol of good luck in India.
- B last years life Rudyard Kipling He lived so secludedly that a newspaper reported his death. The writer responded to this immediately: “I just found out that I’m dead,” he wrote in response Kipling. “Please remember to remove me from your list of subscribers.”
- U Kipling had a famous relative, Stanley Baldwin, the Conservative Prime Minister of Great Britain in the 1920s and 1930s.
- Only one of his novels, Kim, is considered a recognized literary masterpiece.
- Kipling I used only black ink. In this regard, the opinion arose that the writer was inspired only by ink made from black volcanic glass. But most likely such a fundamental choice was associated with poor eyesight Joseph Rudyard Kipling- he simply could not see any other color on the white paper.
- Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting movement, took many of the names and principles of his organization from The Jungle Book. Kipling.
- Kipling wrote the often overlooked sequel to The Jungle Book. In 1895, a collection of short stories, The Second Jungle Book, was published. It included five stories featuring Mowgli, as well as three unrelated stories about children working with animals to overcome difficulties.
First publication of The Jungle Book
- In 2010, an edition of The Jungle Book was found, signed by himself Rudyard Kipling for your daughter. The entry reads: “This book belongs to Josephine Kipling, for whom it was written by her father. May, 1884." Unfortunately, within five years, my beloved daughter Kipling died of illness. The writer also lost his son in the war.
- A tragic fate befell the writer's son Jack. He disappeared without a trace during the First World War. Although he should not have gone to war, as he suffered from myopia. But his wife Caroline once expressed their common opinion: “Why should the son of our friends or neighbors die in order for our own son to live?” Therefore, they arranged for their son to be accepted into the Irish Guards. In 2007, the film “My Boy Jack” was released, which was about relationships Kipling with son.
- January 24, 2012, publishing house "Random House Inc." released a graphic adaptation of the novel The Jungle Book, written by Dan Johnson and illustrated by Amit Tayal.
- Voldemort's snake, Nagini, got its name in honor of the heroine "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi", the Indian cobra Nag or Nagaina.
- Mother Wolf claims that Mowgli's name means frog, but there is no known language in which such a word exists.
- U Kipling in The Jungle Book, the character of the panther Bagheera was male, but since “panther” is a feminine word, the translators decided to transform this hero. By the way, the same story happened with the work “The Cat Who Walked By Itself” - in the original version main character was a cat.
- The Walt Disney Company has created four adaptations of The Jungle Book: the cartoon, which was released in 1967, and its sequel, which was released in 2003, as well as two films: 1994 and later.
Rudyard Kipling in recent years
Today it is very difficult to say who is the most popular British writer, since this country has given the world many geniuses. AND Rudyard Kipling, is certainly high on their list. He gave the reader great stories about a completely new, different world, where people live in harmony with nature. In every line of your stories Rudyard Kipling put his own feelings towards India, which is why his books are timeless.
Rudyard Kipling
Great Britain,
30.12.1865 – 18.01.1936
Born December 30, 1865 in Bombay (India). His father, a major specialist in the history of Indian art, was the director of the museum; mother came from a prominent London family; both grandfathers were Methodist ministers. At the age of six, the boy was sent to England to be cared for by a Calvinist family. In 1882, sixteen-year-old Rudyard returned to India and found a job as an assistant editor in a Lahore newspaper. In 1886 he published a book of poems, Department Songs. It was followed by Plain Tales from the Hills (1888) - laconic, often crude stories about life in British India. In 1887, Kipling moved to the Pioneer newspaper in Allahabad. His best stories were published in India, in cheap editions, and were later collected in the books “Three Soldiers” and “Wee-Willy-Winky,” containing pictures of the life of the British army in India.
In 1889, Kipling traveled around the world, writing travel notes. In October he arrived in London and almost immediately became a celebrity. Next year became the year of Kipling's glory. Starting with the “Ballad of East and West,” he moved towards a new style of English versification, creating “Songs of the Barracks.”
There are some bibliographical difficulties associated with the release of Kipling's first novel, The Light Has Gone Out (1890), since it appeared in two versions - one with a happy ending, the other with a tragic one. Due to overwork, the writer's health declined, and he spent most of 1891 traveling around America and the British dominions. Returning in January 1892, he married the sister of the American publisher W. Balestier, with whom he co-wrote the unsuccessful novel Naulanka (1892).
During honeymoon, which the Kipling couple spent in Japan, the bank collapse left them penniless, and they settled in the Balestier house in Brattleboro (Vermont). During the four years he lived in America, Kipling wrote his best works. These are stories included in the collections “A Mass of Fiction” (1893) and “Works of the Day” (1898), poems about ships, about the sea and pioneer sailors, collected in the book “Seven Seas” (1896), and two “Jungle Books” (1894–1895). In 1896 he wrote the book Brave Sailors. The Kiplings' life in New England ended in an absurd quarrel with their brother-in-law, and in 1896 they returned to England. On the advice of doctors, the writer spent winters in South Africa, where he became close to the ideologists of colonialism A. Milner, L. S. Jameson and S. Rhodes. He was a war correspondent during the Boer War 1899–1902.
At the height of his fame and fortune, Kipling avoided publicity, ignored hostile criticism, and refused the title of poet laureate and many honors. In 1902 he settled in a remote village in Sussex. In 1901, Kipling published the novel “Kim,” his farewell to India, and in 1902, the delightful children’s book “Just So Fairy Tales.”
By the middle of the writer’s life, his literary style had changed; now he wrote leisurely, carefully, carefully checking what he wrote. Two books of historical stories, “Puck from Puka Hill” (1906) and “Rewards and Fairies” (1910), are characterized by a higher structure of feelings; some of the poems reach the level of pure poetry. Kipling continued to write stories, collected in the books Paths and Discoveries (1904), Action and Reaction (1909), Creatures of All Kinds (1917), Debt and Credit (1926), and Limitation and Renewal ( 1932). Kipling's popularity waned in the 1920s. The writer endured the death of his son in the First World War and persistent illnesses stoically. Kipling died in London on January 18, 1936.
