Project 864 reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov. The Americans laughed in vain at Russian naval intelligence

5:02 / 20.02.17
Russian reconnaissance ship "Viktor Leonov" off the Atlantic coast of the United States

In the United States, the concept regarding the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov has changed. A couple of days ago, the Pentagon claimed that the ship was equipped with high-tech spy equipment. Now, as it turns out, “Viktor Leonov” is evidence of Russia’s weakness.

The appearance of the ship off the Atlantic coast of the United States was reported by Fox News. "Viktor Leonov" was spotted in the area where one of the air force bases is located. Of course, the ship is in international waters. At the same time it was said that the presence of “Viktor Leonov” did not cause much concern, but he was being monitored. In general, a standard situation, nothing special. Exactly the same American ships appear off the coast of Russia, and US and NATO aircraft constantly conduct reconnaissance near the Russian borders.

But for some reason the movements of “Viktor Leonov” are being watched especially closely this time. This is connected with recent statements by Washington about Crimea. They say that Moscow didn’t like it, so Russian planes began flying over the American destroyer Porter in the Black Sea, and therefore the ship was sent to the US coast (teleported, it must be).

Last Thursday, US President Donald Trump considered it necessary to mention “Viktor Leonov.” "I don't have to tell you what I'm going to do with North Korea. And I don't have to tell you what I'm going to do with Iran. Do you know why? Because they shouldn't know that. And when you ask me what I am going to do with the Russian ship, I will not answer you. I hope I won’t do anything, but I won’t tell you,” he said.

And now it turns out that the Russian ship is evidence of Russia’s weakness. The NBC television channel cites the opinion of a coast guard officer who said that Russian electronic equipment is outdated and is only capable of picking up radio signals from ships, shore, and commercial radio broadcasts. "I hope they enjoy listening to (radio) Classic 101," said the anonymous officer.

Another interlocutor of the TV channel consoled his compatriots. According to him, Viktor Leonov’s equipment demonstrates the primitiveness of Russian electronic wiretapping and these technologies lag far behind the American ones.

“The ship specializes in listening to radio transmissions, not digital communications, which makes it useless in collecting any military intelligence,” the “specialist” said.

But a couple of days ago, commentators in the United States noted the ability of the Viktor Leonov to intercept messages and measure the capabilities of the US Navy's sonars.

Reconnaissance ship of the Russian Navy "Viktor Leonov" / Photo: cdn1.img.ria.ru

According to military expert Viktor Murakhovsky, who spoke with Pravda.Ru, the United States has a certain advantage.

“They have a fairly powerful satellite constellation, so radio reconnaissance can be carried out from orbit. But you need to understand that these are only certain wavelengths and certain means of communication are intercepted. If we talk about VHF radio communications, about radio relay communications, then you cannot catch such things from space ", - he said.

That’s why the Americans launch their reconnaissance assets near the borders with Russia, and E-2 long-range radar detection aircraft periodically fly along our borders, noted V. Murakhovsky.

“And they have radio and electronic reconnaissance ships that are trying to operate closer to our borders in the Baltic Sea and Black Sea,” he added.

According to him, “the effectiveness of radio reconnaissance is largely determined not by the novelty of the equipment, but by the qualifications of the specialists.” “In the field of decryption and cryptography, we are quite at the world level, and in some areas we are ahead of the rest of the planet. As for specialists, ours are head and shoulders above the American ones. Our radio intelligence, for example, in Syria is now monitoring all the radio networks of militants. Specialists are needed there who know 11 languages. And we are successfully coping with this,” emphasized V. Murakhovsky.

11.05.2017 11:53

This Russian sailor forced a huge enemy garrison to surrender

In February 2017, the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov was discovered off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia. This ship was named in honor of one of the most famous heroes of Russia - twice Hero Soviet Union Victor Leonov. For his outstanding military services, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin and two Orders of the Red Banner.

Reconnaissance ship "Viktor Leonov".

Leonov began his military career service on a Red Fleet submarine. Hitler's 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union forced him to change his specialty. He became a naval commando, a combat swimmer-saboteur, who carried out reconnaissance of positions, blew up Nazi ships and carried out subversive operations against enemy troops near the coastline - about 50 operations a year on the Eastern Front alone.

While fighting the Nazis, Leonov led combat groups that covertly captured anti-aircraft batteries, captured hundreds of enemy soldiers and officers, and even conducted a two-day land raid to capture Nazi firing points and use them against other German artillery positions.

Victor Leonov

After the Nazi surrender in May 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan in the east, and Soviet special forces were the first to arrive. new theater military actions. This is where Viktor Leonov struck fear into his enemies.
He landed at a Japanese airfield near the Korean port of Wonsan with a group of 140 people led by a high-ranking officer. The airfield was supposed to be poorly defended, but in fact it was garrisoned at 3,500 soldiers. Surrounded by vastly superior forces, 10 special forces officers were forced to surrender. Commander Russian army requested negotiations with the commander of the Japanese garrison. When the negotiations began, Leonov angrily interrupted them, saying: “We fought the entire war in the west and have enough experience to assess the situation, that we will not be hostages, but rather die, but we will die along with everyone who is at headquarters. The difference is, I added, that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. He then pulled out a grenade and threatened to kill everyone, including his compatriots. The Japanese surrendered on the spot. The Russians captured 2,200 soldiers, three artillery batteries, five aircraft and a lot of ammunition. For this feat, First Lieutenant Viktor Leonov received a second Gold Star.

Origins

And it all started back in the years of the Great Patriotic War. At that time, the 181st reconnaissance detachment successfully operated in the Northern Fleet, carrying out various special operations behind enemy lines. The crowning achievement of this detachment’s activity was the capture of two coastal batteries at Cape Krestovoy (which blocked the entrance to the bay and could easily destroy an amphibious convoy) in preparation for landing in the port of Liinakhamari (Murmansk region - editor's note). This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to success in the liberation of the entire Soviet Arctic. It’s hard to even imagine that a detachment of several dozen people, having captured just a few guns from German coastal batteries, actually ensured victory throughout strategic operation, but, nevertheless, this is so - this is why the reconnaissance detachment was created, in order to sting the enemy in the most vulnerable place with small forces...

Leonov Viktor Nikolaevich - commander of separate reconnaissance detachments of the Northern and Pacific fleets.

Born on November 21, 1916 in the city of Zaraysk, Moscow Region, into a working-class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1942. From 1931 to 1933 he studied at the factory school at the Moscow plant "Caliber", after which he worked as a fitter, combining work with social activities: member of the Komsomol factory committee, chairman of the workshop committee of inventors, leader of the youth brigade.
In the ranks of the Navy since 1937.

He was drafted into the Northern Fleet, where he completed a training course in the underwater diving training squad named after S.M. Kirov in the city of Polyarny, Murmansk region, and was sent for further service to the submarine "Shch-402".
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, senior Red Navy man V.N. Leonov submitted a report on his enrollment in the 181st separate reconnaissance detachment of the Northern Fleet, in which, since July 18, 1941, he conducted about 50 combat operations behind enemy lines.
Since December 1942, after being awarded the officer rank, junior lieutenant Leonov V.N. - deputy detachment commander for political affairs, and a year later, in December 1943 - commander of the 181st special reconnaissance detachment of the Northern Fleet. In April 1944 he was awarded military rank"lieutenant".
In October 1944, during the Petsamo-Kirkenes war offensive operation Soviet troops, scouts under the command of V.N. Leonov landed on the enemy-occupied coast and spent two days making their way to the designated point in off-road conditions. On the morning of October 12, they suddenly attacked an enemy 88-mm battery at Cape Krestovy, captured it, and captured it. big number Nazis. When a boat with Hitler’s landing party appeared, together with the detachment of Captain Barchenko-Emelyanov I.P. repelled enemy attacks, capturing about 60 Nazis. Thus, Leonov’s detachment, through its actions, created favorable conditions for the landing of Soviet troops in the ice-free port of Liinakhamari and the subsequent liberation of Petsamo (Pechenga) and Kirkenes.

By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR on November 5, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command behind enemy lines and the courage and heroism displayed, Lieutenant Viktor Nikolaevich Leonov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 5058).
Upon completion of the defeat of Nazi Germany, war for front-line intelligence officer V.N. Leonov. didn't end. It continued on Far East, where a separate reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet under his command was the first to land in the ports of Racine, Seisin and Genzon.
One of the most “high-profile” cases of V.N. Leonov’s detachment. - capture of about three and a half thousand Japanese soldiers and officers in the Korean port of Wonsan. And in the port of Genzon, Leonov’s scouts disarmed and captured about two thousand soldiers and two hundred officers, capturing 3 artillery batteries, 5 aircraft, and several ammunition depots.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 14, 1945, senior lieutenant Viktor Nikolaevich Leonov was awarded the second Gold Star medal.

After the Great Patriotic War, V.N. Leonov continued to serve in the Navy. Since February 1946, he has been a student of parallel classes at the Caspian Higher Naval School. From September to November 1950 V.N. Leonov was at the disposal of the 2nd Main Directorate of the Naval General Staff, from November 1950 to August 1951 he was a senior officer of the 2nd direction of the 3rd Directorate of the 2nd Main Directorate of the Naval General Staff. In 1953 V.N. Leonov served as a senior officer of the 3rd department, then as a senior officer of the 3rd direction of the 2nd department of the Main Headquarters of the Navy. Documents stored in the Central Naval Archive indicate that from December 12, 1953 to July 18, 1956 V.N. Leonov was a student at the K.E. Naval Academy. Voroshilov.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy in 1956, Captain 2nd Rank Viktor Nikolaevich Leonov was transferred to the reserve.
He is the author of the memoirs “Face to Face” (1957), “Prepare for a Feat Today” (1973), “Lessons in Courage” (1975) and other books dedicated to naval reconnaissance officers.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, retired captain 1st rank Leonov Viktor Nikolaevich died in Moscow on October 7, 2003 (on the day of the 59th anniversary of the start of the Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operation).

US military and intelligence officials have said the presence of the Russian spy ship Viktor Leonov near a US military base in Connecticut indicates Russian weakness, not strength.

In an interview with NBC News, representatives of the Coast Guard of New England, which includes the state of Connecticut, noted that Russian electronic wiretapping equipment is outdated and can only pick up radio signals from ships, shore, and commercial radio transmissions.

According to an officer at the military base. he hopes Russians will "enjoy listening to [radio] Classic 101." He emphasized that the ship "Viktor Leonov" demonstrates the primitiveness of the Russian electronic wiretapping system and how far behind it is from American technology.

"The ship specializes in listening to radio transmissions, not digital communications, which makes it useless in collecting any military intelligence," he explained.

Tellingly, the Pentagon previously stated that the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov is equipped with high-tech spy equipment designed to intercept intelligence signals. He was spotted near a US naval base in Connecticut on Wednesday, February 15.

Ships of this type are the backbone of the Russian reconnaissance fleet. They were created to solve problems in the sea and near ocean zones. As retired captain 1st rank of the Northern Fleet Vladislav Ershevsky explained to Politonline, “this is a ship that not only writes sound profiles of all submarines and ships, but also all radio emissions, electromagnetic emissions - radars, air defense, missiles, ships, aircraft. The parameters of which are monitored by reconnaissance , usually, they are chasing, forcing them to turn on, in order to then suppress electronic warfare, for example.

“If they laugh at him, they are idiots. No, if the United States has learned to speak between warships-aircraft using invisible plasma, or their locators, air defenses, etc. work on dissolving air, then the ship is outdated. Otherwise, the hell with it.” When asked about the Americans laughing at the rust on board the ship, the former naval officer invited citizens to look at their ships. "If the ship does not [engage in sexual relations in an unconventional way], but goes to sea, for combat and exercises, without any rust, this is not an indicator of the problem. They will come to the base, paint it, clean it up"

It is worth adding that US President Donald Trump, answering a question from journalists about what he would do in connection with the presence of a Russian ship near an American military base, said that he was not going to publicly share his plans.

Trump noted that "I don't have to tell you what I'm going to do with North Korea. And I don't have to tell you what I'm going to do with Iran. Do you know why? Because they don't have to know that. And when you ask me what I'm going to to do with the Russian ship, I won’t answer you. I hope that I won’t do anything, but I won’t tell you.”

"Do the Americans listen in a different way? I don’t know any other ways. It’s either a physical connection to a wired line, or wiretapping. There are no other ways. Yes, the United States has an advantage - a powerful satellite constellation that can radio reconnaissance should be carried out from orbit. But you also need to understand that from there only certain wavelengths and certain means of communication are intercepted,” reserve colonel and chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation Viktor Murakhovsky told Pravda.ru.

“If we talk about VHF radio communications, about radio relay communications, then you can’t catch such things from space. It’s not for nothing that the Americans launch their reconnaissance assets near the borders of Russia. They also have radio and electronic reconnaissance ships in the Baltic Sea, and in the Black Sea They are actually trying to get closer to our borders,” the military expert believes.

The approach of the reconnaissance ship "Viktor Leonov" to the US coast is a sign of Russian weakness, not strength, American media write, citing their intelligence sources. The sources came across with humor; it even becomes offensive for “Viktor Leonov”, characterized by the word “useless”. The point, however, is that these comments are unforgivable nonsense.

In the NBC News material, the reconnaissance equipment on the Viktor Leonov is called outdated - allegedly it can only listen to radio communications between ships, between ships and the shore, as well as commercial radio broadcasts. “I hope they enjoyed listening to Classic Radio,” quips an anonymous Coast Guard officer from New England (referring to Classic 101, which broadcasts oldies rock and country music). “Leonov” is not a threat, echoes a senior intelligence official. “This is proof of Russia’s weakness compared to the United States. This shows how far behind the US the Russians are in the area of ​​electronic eavesdropping. The ship specializes in listening to radio signals, not digital communications, so it is effectively unable to intercept any sensitive military or intelligence communications,” he said.

“Such data is a most valuable trophy; intelligence forces can chase it for decades, drinking liters of cheap rum with employees of the Norfolk base.”

The “review” was prompted by earlier media reports that the Viktor Leonov had been spotted 65 miles northeast of Norfolk, Virginia, where the largest US naval base in the Atlantic is located. On Wednesday it was reported that the Viktor Leonov approached the US Navy submarine base in Connecticut. Before that, the ship was off the coast of Delaware. It is conducting patrols near the East Coast of the United States for the first time since 2015.

“Viktor Leonov” (until 2004 it was called “Odograph”) is a really middle-aged ship. It, like six more of the same type, was built in Gdansk, Poland, between 1985 and 1988, but underwent equipment modernization several times. All seven ships of this Project 864 are highly specialized in types of electronic equipment and are very different from each other even in appearance because of characteristic features locators and other electronic warfare systems. At the same time, they are included in the “United state system illumination of surface and underwater situations,” and all technical characteristics of the electronic equipment installed on them are strictly classified, although the general purpose of certain electronic warfare systems is known.

The irony of the Americans is either a manifestation of the small intelligence of those naval officers to whom journalists turned for comments, or a way to retouch their own negligence, since the admission of “Viktor Leonov” is almost very close to Norfolk - big mistake. In the old days, American ships almost rammed the “oceanographic vessels” of Project 864 (under the legend of “studying the bottom of the World Ocean in scientific purposes“They hovered for six months opposite the US Navy bases, and replenished supplies in Cuba). Once, the American missile cruiser Texas spent several days chasing the same type of Viktor Leonov, Karelia (currently under repair and re-equipping), approaching a distance of several tens of meters side to side. Moreover, “Texas” is three times larger - it could simply sink “Karelia”.

In approximately the same way, the Viktor Leonov equipment can remember the profiles of specific radars of a potential enemy and air defense systems, electromagnetic radiation various objects is also specific to everyone. From the point of view of military intelligence, such data is the most valuable trophy; intelligence forces can chase it for decades, drinking liters of cheap rum with employees of the Norfolk base under the watchful gaze of the NCIS and the FBI, and then discover that all these profiles have been out of date for five years already liver.

IN last time A similar scan of Norfolk and other bases on the Atlantic coast of the United States was carried out in 2015 - it’s time to update the file cabinet.

As for the interception of ordinary radio messages, here too the Americans overdid it with sarcasm. After all, they, just like the rest of the world, communicate via radio, on open frequencies between ships, and in some cases even Morse code is still in use, although already in the late 80s it seemed that this was completely prehistoric knowledge (in specific educational institutions complained about having to waste time learning meaningless combinations of dots and dashes). The Americans have not yet invented or implemented any special means of communication, so classic rock music is not the only thing that might be of interest to the specialists from “Viktor Leonov”.

By the way, the Americans themselves do not have such reconnaissance vessels. Ten hydroacoustic reconnaissance vessels (SGAR), half of which are built in the same years as the Viktor Leonov and her company, somehow fall under these characteristics. Most are small - with a crew of about 30 - and are designed primarily to detect diesel submarines in shallow waters - they drag a towed buoy with sonar behind them on a rope, much like during the Second World War. Another ship was converted into a tracking point for ballistic missile launches. By the end of the twentieth century, the United States decided that this specific type of vessel was no longer needed due to the lack (as they mistakenly thought) of surveillance objects. And that is why they are now surprised by the very appearance of “Viktor Leonov” on their shores, especially since the Americans cannot repeat such a trick opposite Severomorsk, Gadzhievo or Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

The United States continues to rely on a super-powerful constellation of orbital satellites, but their capabilities, paradoxically, are limited - most frequencies used in radio communications cannot be intercepted from orbit, and it is completely unrealistic to create an audio or electromagnetic profile of an object. By the way, the US allies in NATO (and, more broadly, the West as a whole) did not prudently refuse to use ships of this class and conduct this kind of physical reconnaissance. Moreover, for the most part, such ships were built simultaneously with the Russian-Soviet project 864. For example, they are in the German Navy (three types of "Oste" of project 423 with a displacement of 3200 tons, built in 1988-1989), Italy (RZK "Alettra" type "Alliance" ", 3180 t, 2003), Spain (RZK "Alerta" type "Dare", 2292 t, 1982), Norway (RZK "Maryata", 7560 t, built in 1994 to replace an obsolete ship of the same name and destination), Poland (two types of "Moma" modified, project 863, displacement 1677 tons, built 1997–1999), Greece (Germis, former RZK Germany, 1497 tons, 1960), France (RZK "Bouganville" , 5195 t, 1988), Sweden (Orion RZK, 1400 t, 1984), Romania (Gregory Antipa RZK Corsair type, 1450 t, built in 1980).

IN Lately The Americans and British assigned physical reconnaissance responsibilities to surface ships and even submarines. For these purposes, additional equipment is simply hung on them, which (together with the personnel) only complicates the life of the ship. So, Her Majesty's Navy added some new radars to the Trafalgar submarine, after which it broke down and went into dry dock. The electronic reconnaissance function was transferred to the missile frigates Broadsworth and Duke, which increased their crew at the expense of electronics maintenance personnel and increased the danger of navigation, since now these ships are forced to go dangerously close to the object of study, and this is not welcome.

The bottom line is that the reaction of American sailors to the work of “Viktor Leonov” looks more like a journalistic stunt. Even earlier, the press reported personally to Donald Trump about the “Viktor Leonov” voyage. And when asked what he was going to do with the ship, the president replied “I won’t say”: “I don’t have to tell you what I’m going to do with North Korea. And I don't have to tell you what I'm going to do with Iran. Do you know why? Because they shouldn't know that. And when you ask me what I am going to do with the Russian ship, I will not answer you. I hope I won’t do anything, but I won’t tell you.”

Yes, it won't. And he won't say. And now – “Yablochko” with greetings from Navy on Radio Classic 101.

Medium reconnaissance ship of the Russian Navy SSV-175 Viktor Leonov in the port of Havana, Cuba © AFP 2017/ Adalberto Roque

On Tuesday, US media reported a Russian warship in international waters off the US coast. According to unnamed American officials, the Russian Navy “spy ship” Viktor Leonov was discovered 130 km off the coast of Delaware (the US border is 22 km from the coast).

The source claims: “The appearance of the Russians is not so a big problem, but we are monitoring their movements." At the same time, the ship’s ability to intercept messages or signals and “measure the sonar capabilities of the US Navy” is noted. Also mentioned are an anti-aircraft missile system and two 30-mm cannons carried by the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov.

This is not the first time a “spy ship” has been spotted near the United States and in the Western Atlantic. A year earlier, the Viktor Leonov participated in a joint exercise with the Venezuelan Navy and repeatedly visited the Cuban port of Havana.

This is not the first time that Viktor Leonov’s high-tech electronic intelligence equipment has alarmed the Pentagon.

Why do ships of this class ply the world’s oceans and how important is the Viktor Leonov’s connection to the United States and the state of Delaware?

Not the ghost of aggression

The world's oceans are the heritage of all humanity. Russia reflected its goals and its position in the Naval Doctrine, taking into account the naval strategies of the United States and China. According to the doctrine, the Navy is the basis of Russia's maritime potential, and naval activities are classified as the highest state priorities.

For a number of reasons, Russia has particularly highlighted two directions - the Atlantic and the Arctic. Atlantic - in connection with the active development of NATO and its approach to Russian borders. Therefore, reconnaissance ships of the Russian Navy are constantly present in the most remote areas of the World Ocean, ensuring national security and favorable conditions for economic development countries. Confrontation is not our choice, but Russia is ready for it.

Russian reconnaissance ships do not have strike weapons on board and do not pose direct threats to any country in the world. They can equally successfully study the migration of biological resources in the ocean, the topography of the seabed and areas of mineral deposits, as well as create individual “acoustic portraits” of surface ships and submarines of a potential enemy.

Another important area of ​​research is marine hydrology. Hydroacoustic systems are the eyes and ears of the submarine fleet, an important element in the effectiveness of surface warships. The complex hydrological map of the World Ocean requires regular updates, because water density (salinity) and temperature, sea currents - all affect the distribution electromagnetic waves in a changing environment, that is, on the detection range and accuracy of hitting targets.

Probably, a surface reconnaissance ship is capable of plotting the optimal course of a submarine among the electromagnetic networks of the North Atlantic Alliance, determining safe combat patrol areas and anchorage points for a submarine during combat duty (underwater). One can only guess about all the capabilities of the modest “white steamer” (as all reconnaissance ships are called in the navy).

According to data from open sources, the SSV-175 Viktor Leonov medium reconnaissance ship is the seventh in the Project 864 series (according to NATO classification - Vishnya Class). It entered service in 1988 and is part of the Northern Fleet. Main characteristics: total displacement 3800 tons, length 91.5 meters, beam 14.5 meters, draft 5.6 meters, maximum speed speed 16 knots, cruising range 7000 miles, endurance 45 days, crew 220 people.

The Pentagon suspects that Russian reconnaissance ships are monitoring the nuclear missile submarine base in King Bay (Georgia), the largest US Air Force base in Dover (Delaware) and other strategic sites on the US east coast. Some American generals mistakenly believe that Russia is trying to “humiliate and embarrass the United States.” However, the neutral waters of the Atlantic are open to all ships, including the most powerful attack ship in the world - the Russian heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great.

Partnership Efforts

The US and NATO navies also operate a flotilla of reconnaissance ships that often find themselves close to Russian shores. For example, the USS Mount Whitney, a ship of the US Navy's Sixth Fleet, is closely studying the Black Sea.

US aerospace intelligence is also increasing its efforts near Russia’s borders. Thus, on February 13, the US Air Force strategic reconnaissance aircraft RC-135W (aircraft 62-4138) and the US Navy anti-submarine patrol aircraft P-8A Poseidon (aircraft 168860) conducted operational reconnaissance near the Kaliningrad region and Crimea.

The RC-135W reconnaissance aircraft from Mildenhall airbase in the UK approached the Russian land border at a distance of 55 km and the main base of the Russian Baltic Fleet at a distance of about 80 km. The second reconnaissance aircraft, a P-8A Poseidon, from Sigonella Air Base in Sicily, carried out an operational mission over the Black Sea southwest of Sevastopol.

Obviously, in order to reduce suspicion and strengthen security, the West must first abandon its anti-Russian policy and strengthen the eastern flank of NATO.

The American analytical publication The National Interest notes: “ Government bodies who analyze threats to national security are too fixated on Russia, and this is the result of a not entirely sober analysis<…>While Russia poses a serious espionage threat to the United States, the threat is only one of many national security concerns<…>

Escalating tensions with Russia prevent the United States from acting effectively in various areas<…>Russia has a unique opportunity - it is able to prevent the actions of the United States in many parts of the world, it constantly and deliberately counters American initiatives in order to achieve the opportunity to come to the negotiating table."

Maybe, reasonable people in Washington and Moscow they will find mutual language for constructive interaction, and the World Ocean will gradually turn into a zone of peace. In the meantime, we keep our gunpowder dry and develop reconnaissance technologically: the Russian Navy has begun testing the latest remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicle “Marlin-350”.