At an enterprise, the production program is determined based on factors such as: the total demand for the products it produces and the production capacity of the enterprise.

The production capacity of an enterprise (workshop, site) is the potential annual (quarterly, hourly, etc.) volume of output of products, works, services, etc. of the required quantity with a given nomenclature and assortment based on progressive standards for the use of equipment and production space, taking into account the implementation activities on progressive technology, advanced organization of labor and production.

When planning and analyzing the activities of an enterprise, three types of production capacity are distinguished:

1. Future production capacity reflects the expected changes in technology and organization of production, the range of main products included in the long-term plans of the enterprise.

2. Design production capacity represents the possible volume of output of a conventional nomenclature product per unit of time specified during the design or reconstruction of an enterprise, workshop, or site. This volume is fixed, since it is designed for a constant conditional range of products and a constant operating mode. However, over time, as a result of reconstruction and technical re-equipment, the introduction of new technologies, etc., the initial design capacity will change, but will be recorded as a new design capacity.

3. Current design capacity of an enterprise reflects its potential ability to produce during a calendar period the maximum possible quantity of products provided for by the production plan for commercial products of a given range and quality. It is dynamic in nature and changes in accordance with the organizational and technical development of production. Therefore, it is characterized by several indicators:

Power at the beginning of the planned period (input);

Power at the end of the planned period (output);

Average annual power.

Entrance The production capacity of an enterprise is the capacity at the beginning of the planning period. Day off production capacity – capacity at the end of the planning period, which is defined as the algebraic sum of the input capacity in force at the beginning of the year (as of January 1), and the new capacity, both introduced during the year and disposed of in the same year. Average annual production capacity is the capacity that an enterprise has on average per year, taking into account the increase and disposal of existing capacity.

Production capacity is measured in the same units as the production program - pieces, tons, meters, etc.

The production capacity of an enterprise is a variable quantity. It changes over time, i.e. increases or decreases. Many factors influence changes in production capacity. Here are some of them:

structure of fixed production assets, the proportion of their active part;

level of technological advancement in the main production processes;

productivity of technological equipment;

time fund of one machine (unit) - the standard time for processing (manufacturing) a unit of product, hours.

If the workshop plot equipped with different types of equipment, production capacity is determined by the productivity (throughput) of the fleet of leading groups of equipment that characterize the profile of this unit.

The production capacity of an enterprise, workshop, site is a dynamic category, changing during the planning period. These changes are due to the following factors:

wear and tear and, consequently, write-off and discarding of equipment;

commissioning of new equipment to replace worn-out equipment;

equipment upgrades during major overhauls, which may change its performance;

reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the entire enterprise or its individual production divisions, etc.

For the purpose of production planning, it is necessary to monitor and timely clarify the actual capacity of the enterprise. This is done using average annual production capacities: retiring and commissioning.

Average annual retiring production capacity M s. selected, is defined as the sum of retired production capacity M you6 , multiplied by the number of months n i , remaining from the date of disposal until the end of a particular year, divided by 12:

Average annual production capacity input M s.input is defined as the sum of new capacities M n (in comparable units of natural or monetary terms), multiplied by the number of months with their use until the end of the year n i , divided by 12:

Taking into account the noted indicators, in addition to production capacity at the beginning of the year (input capacity M out its increase or decrease during the year is determined in i-th month M out, as well as output power M out , those. capacity at the end of the year:

The uneven change in power throughout the year makes it necessary to determine its average annual value:

The average annual capacity is found by subtracting the average annual retirement capacity available at the beginning of the year and adding the average annual increase in capacity during the year. This indicator is used to justify the production plan.

Based on calculations of production capacity, reporting and planned balances of production capacity are compiled.

When drawing up a balance for the reporting year, the capacity at the beginning of the reporting period is taken according to the nomenclature and product range of the year preceding the reporting year, and the capacity at the end of the year is taken according to the nomenclature and product range of the reporting year. When developing a balance for the planning period, the capacity at the beginning of the period is taken according to the nomenclature and in the range of products of the reporting year, and the capacity at the end of the period (year) - according to the nomenclature and in the range of products of the planning period (year). Production capacity is influenced by a huge number of factors. At the same time, the nature of their influence is different and changes significantly. In relation to specific conditions, an approximate number of production capacity values ​​can be calculated. The problem comes down to determining the optimal value of production capacity by examining the function for extremeness. For this, linear programming methods are used.

When considering the factors influencing production capacity, the following feature is revealed in their interrelation: they all determine the working time fund, machine intensity, product labor intensity and equipment utilization when producing products of a certain quality and a certain type. Principal dependence of production capacity M from these factors has the following fundamental form:

Where P - number of product types; IN– working time fund of a production unit of product of the i-th type for one cycle, hours. qi – volume of products of the i-th type produced per unit of time (in one cycle), pcs.; n i – the share of products of the i-th type in the total production output (for one cycle).

Analysis of the above dependence shows that production capacity is significantly influenced by the operating time of production equipment, which depends on the operating mode of the enterprise. The concept of the operating mode of an enterprise includes the number of work shifts, the duration of the working day and work shift.

Depending on the time losses taken into account when calculating production capacity and planning, equipment operating time funds are distinguished: calendar, nominal (regime), actual (working) or planned. Equipment operating time calendar fund F To serves as the basis for calculating other types of equipment use time funds and is defined as the product of the number of days in the current calendar period D To by the number of hours in a day:

Nominal (regime) equipment operating time fund F depends on the number of calendar days D To and the number of working days per year D n , and also on the adopted work shift schedule per day:

Where t – the average amount of equipment work per day on weekdays according to the adopted shift schedule and taking into account the reduction in shift duration on holidays. For enterprises with a continuous production process, the operating time of equipment and production capacity are calculated based on a three- or four-shift operating mode. If the main workshops of the enterprise operate in two shifts (or less than two shifts), the equipment operating time fund and production capacity are calculated based on a two- or three-shift operating mode.

Actual (working, standard) equipment operating time fund F d equal to the difference between the regime (nominal) fund in the current period F R and the amount of time spent on repairs, adjustments, etc. during a year T P , hours:

Time for repairs, adjustments, etc. is taken into account only when these operations are performed during working hours.

1.4. Production capacity of the enterprise

The essence of the concept of production capacity

In modern conditions, the production program of any enterprise is determined on the basis of:

The totality of demand for the products he produces;

Its production capacity.

Production capacity of the enterprise(workshop, site) is the potentially maximum possible annual (quarterly, monthly, daily, shift) volume of output of products, works, services (or extraction, processing of raw materials) of the required quality with a given nomenclature and assortment based on progressive standards for the use of equipment and production space taking into account the implementation of measures on progressive technology, advanced organization of labor and production.

When planning and analyzing the activities of an enterprise, three main types of production capacity are distinguished: prospective, design and operating.

Prospective production capacity reflects expected changes in technology and organization of production, the range of main products included in the long-term plans of the enterprise.

Design production capacity represents the possible volume of output of a conventional product range per unit of time specified during the design or reconstruction of an enterprise, workshop, or site. This volume is fixed, since it is designed for a constant conditional range of products and a constant operating mode. However, over time, as a result of reconstruction and technical re-equipment, the introduction of new progressive technology and advanced practices in organizing labor and production, the initial design capacity will change, but will be recorded as a new design capacity. This is a very important indicator of the orientation of the production organization to achieve high performance. This is due to the fact that project documentation, as a rule, includes design solutions that are the highest at the time of project development.

The current design capacity of an enterprise, workshop, or site reflects its potential ability to produce during a calendar period the maximum possible quantity of products provided for by the plan for the production of commercial products of a given range and quality. It is dynamic in nature and changes in accordance with the organizational and technical development of production. Therefore, it is characterized by several indicators:

Power at the beginning of the planned period (input);

Power at the end of the planned period (output);

Average annual power.

The input production capacity of an enterprise (workshop, site) is the capacity at the beginning of the planning period, usually at the beginning of the year. Output production capacity- this is the capacity at the end of the planning period, which is defined as the algebraic sum of the input power in force at the beginning of the year (as of January 1), and the new power introduced during the year and the capacity retired in the same year. Average annual production capacity is the capacity that an enterprise (workshop, site) has on average per year, taking into account the increase and disposal of available capacity.

Production capacity is measured in the same units as the production program (pieces, tons, meters, etc.). For example, the capacity of a tractor factory is determined by the number of tractors in pieces, the capacity of a coal mine is determined by the amount of coal in tons. In an enterprise where the quality of raw materials affects the volume of finished products, its capacity is measured in units of processed raw materials. Thus, the production capacity of a sugar factory is measured in tons of processed beets, a dairy plant - in tons of processed milk.

The production capacity of an enterprise is a variable quantity. It changes over time, i.e. it increases or, conversely, decreases. Many factors influence changes in production capacity. We list the main ones:

Structure of fixed production assets, the proportion of their active part;

The level of technological progress in the main production processes (the more advanced the production technology, the greater the production capacity);

Productivity of technological equipment (the more advanced the machines and equipment and the higher their productivity per unit of time, the greater the production capacity);

Level of specialization of the enterprise (increasing the level of specialization helps to increase the production capacity of the enterprise);

Level of organization of labor and production; this is a very important factor influencing production capacity, i.e., their direct dependence is observed;

The level of qualifications of personnel in the main production departments (the dependence is manifested in the fact that the higher the qualifications of workers, the fewer defects, breakdowns, equipment downtime and the higher its productivity);

The quality of objects of labor, i.e. the higher the quality of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products, the less labor and time required for their processing and, therefore, more products can be produced per unit time of equipment operation.
In addition to the listed factors, production capacity is also significantly influenced by the level of organization of production and labor in auxiliary and service departments - tool, repair, energy, and transport facilities.

Production capacity calculation

In the conditions of transition to a market economy, it is impossible to organize production without first developing a business plan. One of the sections of such a strategic document is the production plan, which should contain a calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise's divisions. Such calculations are an important component of business planning, in particular an industrial production plan. Production capacity calculations allow you to objectively:

Plan the volume of production;

Identify possible reserves for production development;

Justify the economic feasibility of specialization of production and cooperation of enterprises;

Plan directions for developing the production capacity of the enterprise.

The production capacity of an enterprise is determined by the capacity of the leading workshops, and the capacity of the workshop is determined by the capacity of the leading sections, units, and leading groups of equipment. The leading groups include equipment that performs the bulk of the work - in terms of complexity and labor intensity. Leading workshops mean the following workshops (areas):

In which the largest part of the main production equipment is concentrated;

Occupying the largest share in the total labor intensity of manufacturing products.

When choosing the main leading link, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the industrial enterprise. For example, in the mining industry, the capacity of a mine using the underground mining method is determined by the capabilities of the shaft lift. At metallurgical plants these are blast furnaces and rolling mills.

Production capacity is calculated based on:

Nomenclature, structure and quantity of products;

The number of units of available equipment at the disposal of the enterprise;

Operating operating time of equipment;

Labor intensity of manufactured products and its planned reduction;

Progressive technically sound equipment performance standards;

Reporting data on compliance with production standards. Production capacity is calculated sequentially

from the lowest level to the highest, i.e. from the productivity (power) of groups of technically homogeneous equipment to the power of the site, from the power of the site to the power of the workshop, from the power of the workshop to the power of the enterprise.

The production capacity of a workshop (site) equipped with the same type of equipment and producing the same products is determined by the formula

where P is the standard annual productivity of one machine (unit); Уt - average coefficient of exceeding standards; n is the average annual fleet of this type of equipment; Fe - effective annual

time fund of one machine (unit); t w - standard time for processing (manufacturing) a unit of product, hours.

If a workshop (site) is equipped with different types of equipment, production capacity is determined by the productivity (throughput) of the fleet of leading groups of equipment that characterize the profile of this unit.

The production capacity of an enterprise (workshop, site) is a dynamic category, changing during the planning period. These changes are due to the following factors:

Wear and tear and, consequently, write-off and discarding of equipment;

Commissioning of new equipment to replace worn-out equipment;

Upgrading equipment during major overhauls, which may change its performance;

Reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the entire enterprise or its individual production divisions, etc.

For the purpose of production planning, it is necessary to monitor and timely clarify the actual capacity of the enterprise. This is done using average annual production capacity - retiring and commissioning.

Average annual retiring production capacity (Ms retiring) is defined as the sum of retiring production capacities (Msaub), multiplied by the number of months (ni) remaining from the date of disposal to the end of a certain year, divided by 12:

Average annual input production capacity (M input) is defined as the sum of new capacities (Mn) (in comparable units of physical or monetary terms), multiplied by the number of months of their use until the end of the year (n), divided by 12:

Taking into account the noted indicators, in addition to the production capacity at the beginning of the year (input power Min), its increase or decrease during the year in the ith month (Mg-), as well as the output power (Mout), i.e. power at the end of the year are determined:

The uneven change in power throughout the year makes it necessary to determine its average annual value:

The average annual capacity is found by subtracting the average annual retirement capacity available at the beginning of the year and adding the average annual increase in capacity during the year.

Example. At the beginning of the planned period (year) Mvx = 1000 units. In March, capacity was increased by 50 units, in July - by 100 units. In April, a capacity of 150 units was put into operation, in August - another 150 units.

Average annual production capacity

Msg = 1000 + /12 = 1000 + 850/12 « 1071 units.

Output power of the enterprise at the end of the planned period (year)

Mout = 1000 + 150 + 150 - 50 - 100 = 1150 units. Average annual withdrawn (retiring) production capacity

Msvyb = (50 9 + 100 5)/12 = 950/12 « 79 units. Average annual input production capacity

Msinput = (150 8 + 150 4) /12 = 1800/12 = 150 units.

As noted, the average annual capacity of the enterprise is used to justify the production plan. The level of its use is determined by the coefficient of utilization of production capacity (qt), which is calculated by dividing the planned (or actual) volume of products (works, services) produced by an enterprise (workshop, site) or the volume of processed raw materials (Vf) for a given year (month) by the average annual planned (actual) or, respectively, average monthly production capacity (Msr):

Based on calculations of production capacity, reporting and planned balances of production capacity are compiled (Table 2).

table 2

BALANCE OF PRODUCTION CAPACITY

(conditional example)

When drawing up a balance for the reporting year, the capacity at the beginning of the reporting year is taken according to the nomenclature and product range of the year preceding the reporting year, and the capacity at the end of the year is taken according to the nomenclature and product range of the reporting year.

When developing a balance for the planning period, the capacity at the beginning of the period is taken according to the nomenclature and in the range of products of the reporting year, and the capacity at the end of the period (year) - according to the nomenclature and in the range of products of the planning period (year).

As practice shows, it is very difficult to calculate production capacity. The calculation results often occupy 200,300 pages of text, tables, and graphs; their compilation requires more than 1,000 man-hours. The production capacity calculated in this way represents one of its options with a minimum amount of computational work.

As noted, production capacity is influenced by a large number of factors. At the same time, the nature of their influence is different and changes significantly. In relation to specific conditions, the nth number of production capacity values ​​can be calculated. The problem comes down to determining the optimal value of production capacity by examining the function for extremeness. It is difficult to solve this problem using conventional methods. Therefore, to find the optimal production capacity of a site, workshop, or enterprise, linear programming methods are used.

When considering the factors influencing production capacity, the following feature is revealed in their interrelation: they all determine the working time fund, machine intensity, product labor intensity and equipment utilization when producing products of a certain quality and a certain type. The fundamental dependence of production capacity (MP) on these factors has the following fundamental form:

where n is the number of product types; B is the working time fund of the production unit (process line, unit), h; ti is the time required to produce a unit of type i product in one cycle, h; qi is the volume of products of the i-th type produced per unit of time (in one cycle), pcs.; ni is the share of products of the i-th type in the total production output (for one cycle).

Analysis of the above dependence shows that production capacity is significantly influenced by the operating time of production equipment, which depends on the operating mode of the enterprise. The concept of the operating mode of an enterprise includes the number of work shifts, the duration of the working day and work shift.

Depending on the time losses taken into account when calculating production capacity and planning, equipment operating time funds are distinguished: calendar, nominal (regime) and actual (working), or planned.

The calendar fund of equipment operating time (Fc) serves as the basis for calculating other types of equipment use time fund and is defined as the product of the number of days in the current calendar period (Dc) by the number of hours per day:

Nominal (regime) equipment operating time fund

(Fr) depends on the number of calendar days (Dk) and the number of non-working days per year (Dn), as well as on the adopted work shift regime per day:

where t is the average number of hours of equipment operation per day on weekdays according to the adopted shift schedule and taking into account the reduction in shift duration on holidays, or

where Dp is the number of weekends and holidays in the planned period; t - duration of the work shift, hours; DSP - the number of pre-weekend (pre-holiday) days with a reduced work shift duration in the current period; tsp - the time by which the duration of a work shift on pre-holiday and pre-weekend days is shorter than on ordinary days (in a given industry), h; nс is the accepted shift schedule of the enterprise.

For continuous operation without days off, the number of calendar days and 24 working hours per day is taken into account. The number of working days and working hours for equipment operating in seasonal conditions (agriculture, peat extraction) are taken based on the optimal duration of the operating season (in accordance with standards and technical projects).

For enterprises with a continuous production process, the equipment operating time fund and production capacity are calculated based on a three-shift (or four-shift) operating mode. If the main workshops of the enterprise operate in two shifts (or less than two shifts), the operating time of equipment and production capacity are calculated based on a two-shift operating mode, and for unique and expensive equipment - on a three-shift operating mode.

The actual (working, standard) operating time fund of equipment (Fd) is equal to the difference between the operating (nominal) fund in the current period (Fr) and the sum of time spent on repairs, adjustments, readjustments, changing the equipment workplace during the year (O, h:

Time for repair, adjustment, reconfiguration and change of equipment workplace is taken into account only when these operations are performed during working hours.

Indicators of efficiency of production capacity use

Indicators of the use of production capacity constitute a system of indicators expressing the degree of use of production capacity. They allow us to identify production reserves and are indicators of its efficiency.

Let's consider two indicators characterizing production capacity (see Table 2):

The average annual capacity utilization factor of the enterprise is 0.98. It represents the ratio of the volume of planned production (1050 units) and the average annual production capacity (1071 units);

The enterprise's design capacity utilization factor is 0.87. It represents the ratio of the actual volume of production output (1050 units) to the design capacity of the enterprise (1200 units).

A comparative analysis of the given coefficients indicates the presence of a reserve of production capacity at the enterprise. At first glance, this may indicate unsatisfactory organization of production at the enterprise.

However, the following must be taken into account. In market conditions, in order to quickly respond to changes in consumer demand, enterprises need to have reserve capacity. This allows them to develop new types of products using these reserve production capacities. This approach makes it possible to dramatically reduce the time it takes for production to switch to new products.

Production capacity directly affects the volume of products that an enterprise can produce, i.e. on the production program, and therefore is a powerful strategic tool in the competitive struggle.

What is "production capacity"?

In general, production capacity can be defined as the maximum possible output of products in the corresponding period of time under certain conditions of use of equipment and production resources (space, energy, raw materials, human labor).

In practice, there are several types production capacity:

• design;
• launcher;
• mastered;
• actual;
• planned;
• input and output;
• input and output;
• balance sheet

Productive capacity, as a rule, is measured in the same units in which the production of this product is planned in physical terms (tons, pieces, meters, etc.).

The more fully it is used over time, the more products are produced, the lower its cost, the shorter the time the manufacturer accumulates funds for the reproduction of products and improvement of the production system itself: replacement of equipment and technologies, reconstruction of production and organizational and technical innovations.

What factors influence the amount of production capacity?

Production capacity size determined by the level of production technology, the range and quality of products, as well as the peculiarities of labor organization, the availability of necessary resources, the level of specialization and cooperation, etc. Instability of factors influencing production capacity, gives rise to the multiplicity of this indicator, so they are subject to periodic revision. The leading factor influencing production capacity and determining its value is the equipment.

Productive capacity may change during each planning period. The longer the planned period, the higher the likelihood of such changes. The following main reasons for the change are identified: production capacity:

• installation of new units to replace outdated or damaged ones;
• depreciation of equipment;
• commissioning of new capacities;
• changes in equipment productivity due to intensification of its operating mode or due to changes in the quality of raw materials;
• modernization (replacement of units, blocks, etc.);
• changes in the structure of source materials, composition of raw materials or semi-finished products;
• duration of equipment operation during the planned period, taking into account repairs, maintenance, and technological breaks;
• production specialization;
• equipment operating mode;
• organization of repairs and routine maintenance.

What data do you need to have to calculate production capacity?

For calculation production capacity You will need the following initial data:

• list and its quantity by type;
• modes of equipment use and;
• progressive standards for equipment productivity and labor intensity of products;
• worker qualifications;
• the intended nomenclature and range of products, which directly affect the labor intensity of products for a given composition of equipment.

What are the basic rules for calculating production capacity?

When calculating production capacity You must adhere to the following rules:

• Take into account all available equipment, regardless of its condition: operating or inactive due to a malfunction, being repaired, in reserve or undergoing reconstruction, idle due to lack of raw materials, energy, as well as equipment being installed. Backup equipment intended to replace equipment being repaired should not be taken into account when calculating power.
• When commissioning new capacities, it is envisaged that their operation will begin in the next quarter after commissioning.
• Consider the effective maximum possible operating time of equipment for a given shift schedule.
• Apply advanced technical standards for equipment productivity, product labor intensity, and standards for product yield from raw materials.
• Focus on the most advanced methods of organizing production and comparable measures of equipment operation and power balance.
• When calculating production capacities for the planned period, proceed from the possibility of ensuring their full utilization.
• Provide the necessary reserve capacity to quickly respond to changes in product market demand.
• When calculating power values do not take into account equipment downtime that may be caused by shortages of labor, raw materials, fuel, electricity or organizational problems, as well as loss of time associated with the elimination of defects.

How to calculate production capacity?

As a basis for calculation production capacity, as we have already said, they accept design or passport standards for equipment performance and technically sound time standards. When the established standards are exceeded by workers, the power calculation is made according to the advanced achieved standards, taking into account sustainable achievements.

In the general case, M is defined as the product of the equipment’s rated productivity per unit of time H and the planned (effective) fund of its operating time T eff:

In turn, the effective fund of working time of equipment T ef is defined as the calendar fund of time T cal (year length - 365 days) minus weekends and holidays and the time between shifts T non-working, as well as equipment downtime during scheduled maintenance T ppr and equipment downtime for technological reasons (loading, unloading, cleaning, washing, etc.) T tech:

Defining Specific Values production capacity carried out for each production unit (site, workshop) taking into account the planned activities. Based on the capacity of the leading group of equipment, the production capacity of the site is established; for the leading section - workshop production capacity, at the leading workshop - production capacity of the enterprise. When setting production capacity, you can develop measures to identify bottlenecks in order to achieve the best balance between production capacities of production structures enterprises, incl. using parallel-sequential methods of product processing

How to determine the optimal production capacity?

To determine the most optimal production capacity values You need to justify it. The most common method for economic justification of production capacity is critical point analysis. This method is successfully used in planning production capacity. When using this method, you need to build a graph of the dependence of costs and income on the volume of output based on your production data:

The goal of the analysis is to find the point (in monetary units or units of output) at which costs equal revenue. This point is the critical point (break-even point), from which the profit area lies to the right and the loss area to the left. Critical point analysis is intended to justify capacity by selecting the volume of output that, on the one hand, will be optimal from the point of view of its sale on the market, and, on the other hand, will provide the lowest total costs while achieving the greatest result.

Is it possible for a small enterprise to increase production capacity without significant financial investments?

Of course, many owners of manufacturing enterprises have rather limited financial resources and simply cannot afford to regularly purchase new, more powerful and modern equipment. However, issues of increasing production capacity needs to be addressed and preferably at minimal cost. Therefore, we recommend that you carefully read the following table, in which we have tried to list various ways to increase production capacity, including those that do not require significant financial investments.

What is the production capacity of the enterprise? This concept includes the volume of the maximum probable output. In this case, certain conditions must be observed. Firstly, all released products must be of high quality. In addition, the equipment must be fully involved in the production process.

The calculation is made taking into account the implemented advanced technology and modern equipment, at the highest level in the organization of all links, as well as under other optimal conditions.

Types of indicators

The production capacity of an enterprise is measured in the same units as production volume. These include the value expression of manufactured products, conditionally natural and natural units. During the operation of the enterprise, the value of the production capacity indicator undergoes certain changes. This occurs due to the introduction of new equipment and the write-off of already worn-out equipment. Such actions lead to changes in the quantitative values ​​of the volume of goods produced by the enterprise. There are only 3 types of power. All of them are classified as production. First of all, this is the input power. It is calculated at the beginning of the period for which planning is carried out. There is power output. It is calculated at the end of the planned period. And finally, the third type is the annual average.

Calculation of production capacity

To properly plan the work of an enterprise, it is imperative to determine the volume of products that will be produced by it. The production capacity of the enterprise is directly dependent on the capacities of the leading divisions. These include those areas or workshops that are entrusted with the task of performing the most massive, responsible and labor-intensive work. If we take the engineering industry, the leading divisions of its enterprises are assembly and mechanical shops. For metallurgy, these are open-hearth, blast furnaces and smelting furnaces.

Conditions for calculation

When determining the volume of finished products, certain points must be taken into account:

1. The production capacity of an enterprise is calculated from the bottom up. This chain moves from homogeneous equipment to a specific production site. After grouping all the information, the calculation covers each workshop and is completed by the entire enterprise.
2. When calculating the production capacity of each department, the standards for piece time, as well as output, are taken into account. At the same time, special formulas take into account the entire range of products.

3. The volume of finished products is determined at the target date. This is necessary due to the variability of the indicator when decommissioning or commissioning equipment, and is also due to the need to apply new process conditions, etc.
4. Calculations for assembly shops must be made not according to the equipment they have, but according to their production area.
5. The preliminary determination of the volume of output should not take into account the loss of working time that is caused by certain shortcomings in the technical and organizational support of the production process. Marriage is also not taken into account. Only those inevitable losses of time that are within the approved standard are subject to accounting.

Special cases

In practice, situations arise when the production capacity of individual divisions differs from the capacity of the leading unit. In this case, discrepancies can be both greater and lesser. In this situation, there are divisions of the enterprise that are not synchronized in terms of power.

In the event that calculations indicate that a given indicator of one of the divisions exceeds the same indicator of the leading link, certain measures should be taken immediately. The administration of the enterprise must either utilize the available excess capacity to the maximum, or agree that reserve equipment will be located in this unit. If the calculations made indicate a higher production capacity of the main leading link, then the problem of the so-called bottleneck arises. Then the manager must decide to expand the problem unit. For this purpose, additional jobs may be introduced, the time of use of equipment may be increased, or one-time orders may be outsourced.

Calculation sequence

Determining the volume of output using the equipment available at the enterprise goes through the following stages:

The production capacity indicator is calculated for the leading group of machines and equipment operating at the leading site;
- the calculated capacity of the enterprise is analyzed to identify bottlenecks of the entire production complex;
- certain management decisions are made to eliminate problem areas;

Newly emerging bottlenecks are identified;
- the production capacity is calculated;
- coefficients are established that characterize the use of all production capacity, both for individual divisions and for the enterprise as a whole.

Indicators of production capacity

The maximum probable volume of finished products is calculated under the condition of the best organization of labor and under ideal conditions for the technological process. In reality, this is impossible to achieve. That is why the actual volume of output is always lower than that corresponding to the calculated indicator. To adjust planning, it becomes necessary to determine the level of utilization of the enterprise's capacity. In quantitative terms, this value is equal to the ratio of actual annual output to the indicator of production volume determined for the same period. The level obtained in the calculation, which shows the percentage of use of the entire production capacity, directly depends on internal and external factors that manifest themselves in relation to the technological process. The first of them include those that are directly related to the production of products (equipment modernization, operating mode, etc.). And external factors are the state of the market, the competitiveness of goods, demand for them, etc.

Conditions for increasing production volume

In market conditions, the most important factor in increasing the efficiency of an enterprise is increasing the use of production capacity. However, this only makes sense when the entire volume of goods produced will be in consumer demand. Otherwise, the enterprise will become overstocked with products.

If the market is developed well enough and the demand for products is high, then production capacity can be used in the amount of eighty to eighty-five percent. If the necessary conditions are not met, then the amount of equipment involvement in the technological process can drop to a factor of 0.3.

Parameter indicating the possibility of growth

The production potential of an enterprise is an indicator characterizing the ability of an enterprise to produce goods. Some economists consider this concept to be similar to productive capacity. However, there is no consensus on this issue. In some works, production potential is considered as a certain set of enterprise resources without taking into account technological processes. In another interpretation, this concept takes into account only those resources, the use of which contributes to the reproduction of material wealth.

Page 1

The average annual capacity of an enterprise is determined by adding the average annual capacity input to the capacity at the beginning of the year and subtracting the average annual disposal. In the case when a specific commissioning (disposal) date is not established within a year, in five-year plans the average annual commissioning (disposal) of capacity is taken equal to 35% of the planned commissioning (or retirement) of capacity for the year.

The average annual production capacity of the enterprise for production throughout the entire five-year period systematically increased and by the end of the five-year period it amounted to 106 4% of the base year level.

The production capacity utilization rate is calculated as the ratio of annual production to the average annual capacity of the enterprise. The coefficient of extensive use of equipment Kex is equal to the ratio of the planned or actual operating time of the equipment to the calendar or operating time fund established during the calculation of production capacity. The coefficient of intensive use of equipment Kin is characterized by the ratio of the planned or actual output of a unit per unit of time to the passport or design productivity standard adopted when calculating its capacity. The product of the coefficients of extensive and intensive use gives the integral coefficient of use of Kint equipment.

The level of utilization of production capacity is expressed by a coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of annual production to the average annual capacity of the enterprise, obtained by calculation.

The level of production capacity utilization expressed; coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the annual launch of products to the average annual capacity of the enterprise, was obtained by calculation.

If the enterprise has standard costs per ruble of marketable products for individual products, the standard cost value (C) can be determined as the product of the production volume based on the average annual capacity of the enterprise (A) and the standard level of costs per ruble of marketable products.

The level of production capacity utilization is characterized by the capacity utilization factor. The capacity utilization factor is defined as the ratio of annual output to the average annual capacity of the enterprise. Average annual capacity is determined by summing the available capacity at the beginning of the year and the average annual capacity introduced during the year, minus the average annual capacity retired. If in the plan for commissioning new capacities the deadlines are set not by months, but by quarters, then the capacities commissioned in the first quarter are multiplied by 10 5 months, in the second quarter - by 7 5 months, in the third quarter - by 4 5 months and in the fourth quarter quarter - for 1 5 months.

Subsequently, the size of production capacity is influenced by various factors, both in the direction of its increase under the influence of organizational and technical improvement of production, and in the direction of decrease due to the disposal of individual elements of fixed assets due to physical and moral wear and tear. Therefore, when planning production, it is necessary to take into account all these changes and determine the average annual capacity of the enterprise.

The level of production capacity utilization is characterized by the capacity utilization factor. This coefficient is defined as the ratio of the actual production output for the year to the average annual capacity of the enterprise for the corresponding year.

Particularly important is the capital productivity indicator, which characterizes the economic efficiency of creating production facilities and the activities of the enterprise as a whole. Capital productivity is defined as the ratio of gross (commodity) output to the average annual cost of fixed production assets. A comparison of capital productivity according to the technical design and the average annual capacity of the enterprise shows how much capital productivity according to the average annual capacity lags behind the design or, conversely, exceeds it.

Pages:      1