The origin of Ukrainian surnames ending in willow. How to find out nationality by the end of a surname

Origin of surnames.

History of Ukrainian surnames– one of the oldest in Europe. Already in the 17th century, almost all Ukrainians had hereditary family names. For example, commoners in France began to receive surnames at the beginning of the 19th century, Russian peasants - after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. However for a long time Ukrainian surnames were not legalized and could change several times. Only at the end XVIII century they acquired legal status like all surnames of Austria-Hungary, which then included Ukraine.

Methods of forming surnames.

List Ukrainian surnames alphabetically testifies to their enormous diversity in the method of education. Just listing the suffixes with which they were created would take up considerable space. Here the undisputed leader is the suffix -enko. Initially, it emphasized the connection with the father and meant “son of someone.” Petrenko is the son of Peter, Romanenko is the son of Roman. Later he lost his ancient meaning and served as an addition to nicknames and professions - Zubchenko, Melnichenko.

If you look dictionary of Ukrainian surnames, then you can notice a certain number of surnames with the suffixes -sky, -tsky, which indicates Polish influence (Artemovsky, Khmelnitsky). Usually such surnames were assigned to priests. At the same time, in Western Ukraine, in order to distinguish a Ukrainian from a nobleman, surnames in -uk, -yuk are formed. At first, the basis for them was baptismal names, then any others - Gavrilyuk, Zakharchuk, Popelnyuk.

Among Ukrainian surnames there are often those in which traces of other peoples and languages ​​are visible, for example, German roots in Shvartsyuk or Schwartz. And in such surnames as Babiy, Bogma, Kekukh, Prikhno, Shakhrai, experts see Adyghe origin.

No less varied and interpretation of Ukrainian surnames. Many Ukrainians received surnames based on the profession they were engaged in - Zvarych (salt maker), Shvets (shoemaker), Stolyarenko, Koval (blacksmith). Often, surnames are associated with place of residence, nature, names of rivers, lakes and even buildings - Lugovoy, Ozirny, Zaklunny (klunya-barn), Dniprenko, Rostavets.

The meaning of Ukrainian surnames, associated with the names of animals, birds and fish, can be ranked with ancient surnames. They were born from the nicknames of their first bearers - Vovk, Zaychuk, Orlenko, Karpenko. Plants, household items, food were also not forgotten - Frying Pan, Birch, Bulba, Borscht. Moreover, they had different variants education - Skovorodchenko, Borshchevsky, Berezovsky.

Surnames of Cossacks.

We cannot ignore the nicknames of the Cossacks, which later became surnames. According to the unwritten laws of the Sich, the Cossacks had to leave their surnames behind the fence and enter the Cossack world with a new name that would accurately characterize them. Often here the verb in the imperative mood merged with a noun - Zhuiboroda, Lupibatko. Of course, these were nicknames, but many of them have survived to this day as surnames - Tyagnibok, Podoprigora, Krivonos.

Declension of Ukrainian surnames in Russian.

Most Ukrainian surnames do not have female form, with the exception of surnames in -skaya, -tskaya, -ovskaya, -evskaya (Vishnevskaya, Savitskaya). Declension such Ukrainian women's surnames obeys general rules Russian language. The rest of the female surnames do not change by case, like all Ukrainian surnames starting with –ko.

Top Ukrainian surnames shows which ones are the most popular.

Every person is special in their own way. Some have an unusual appearance, others - beautiful voice, and some - interesting surname. The surname is part of a person's life. She can be admired by others, but at the same time be a source of ridicule. It is very easy to determine the roots by the last name, just hear the ending. In the past, people chose their surnames according to their profession, so most surnames are consistent with types of work.

Every nation has its own characteristics own culture, as well as differences in surname suffixes. Some examples of different nationalities:

• Russians have the endings -ev, -ov. Popular types: Smirnov, Ivanov.
• Ukrainian ones end in -ko, -uk, -yuk. Popular: Shevchenko, Nazarchuk, Serdyuk.
• Belarusians are distinguished by the endings -ov, -ko, -ich. Examples: Rabkov, Kuzmich, Vladyko.
• Moldovans use the ending -у, -an. For example, Rotaru, Marian.

The list of nationalities could go on for quite a long time, but each will have its own special approach. Slavic surnames may have the same ending, but will sound completely different.

Ukrainian Cossacks

The Cossacks played a huge role in the way of life of the Ukrainian people. It was in the 15th century that the emergence of the Cossacks led to the strengthening of the national spirit.

Most of the surnames found their origin precisely from Cossack times. Men's options purchased big success, since Cossacks only meant the presence of men. Women's options did not gain due popularity.

There was the Don Cossacks, where nobles were present. Surname options:

In addition to Ukrainian surnames, there were many other Slavic variants present in the Don Cossacks.

Dictionary of Ukrainian surnames

The Ukrainian language is famous for its pleasant sound, as well as its unusualness. It is closely related to Russian and Polish language, so some words are easy to remember.

Surnames are completely different. The list is filled with some fun options. For the Ukrainian language this is a common thing. In addition to funny options, There are popular female surnames, such as:

• Tymoshenko.
• Tkachenko.
• Avramenko.
• Kornienko.

The country is famous for its Cossack traditions, as well as the beauty of Ukrainian women. Some of the surnames at the root have a patronymic:

• Grigorenko.
• Panasenko.
• Romanchenko.

The Khokhlyat language can be spread in any area. It sounds nice and is unusual to use. If a person wants to change his surname to Ukrainian, then this list will help to find out approximate options.

Attention, TODAY only!

Surnames, just like given names, in ancient times always carried a certain meaning - they provided additional important information about the origin of each individual person: what family he is from, what class he belongs to, what craft he or his relatives do...

Common Ukrainian surnames are no exception to this. As soon as we start talking about Ukrainian surnames, the first names to emerge from the subconscious are Shevchenko, Petrenko, Doroshenko, Timoshenko, Shinkarenko, Klimashenko.

Indeed, this is a typical family form for the Ukrainian people, the most common.

Lists of registered Cossacks of the 17th century studied by historians show 60% of the presence of people with the surname ending in -enko.

It arose more often from the names, nicknames, professions of the fathers of young Cossacks:

• “Stepanenko” is Stepan’s offspring, “Klimenko” is Klima’s, “Romanenko” is Roman’s;
• “Tkachenko” - on his father’s side with the profession of a weaver, “Skotarenko” - the son of a cattle farmer, “Goncharenko” - the son of a potter;
• “Chubenko” is the heir of Chub (most likely the owner of such a nickname was endowed with noble hair);
• “Leshchenko” - from the fish bream (perhaps the bearer came from a fishing family or the people awarded him this nickname for his characteristic similarity with this fish);
• "Pluschenko" - from the ivy vine plant.

Astrologers and numerologists have long been studying the influence of first and last names on human destiny. What can we say about the nation? If the dictionary of Ukrainian surnames is full of semantic form, which is, as it were, derivative for younger generation, then we can safely say, and you can’t argue with it: the Ukrainian people are a young, strong nation.

Flexible, freedom-loving, with easy character, ready to change (if you pronounce - Butenko, Goncharenko, Pisarenko, Guzenko - it seems as if the ball is bouncing). But at the same time with their own personalities, heroes and military acumen (Podoprigora, Vyrvidub). And also very musical (Music, Kobzar, Violin, Skripko, Sopilka, Sopilnyak).

According to scientists, the family forms of that time were not clearly defined enough, and therefore the succeeding generations could well have had different (in form) surnames, or, on the contrary, the entire village could have had the same surname.

Since the prehistory of the Ukrainian people arose during the existence Eastern Slavs, as well as the prehistory of Belarusians and Russians, then the many family forms that exist among these three peoples coincide.

The most popular and common forms after -enko are:

Suffix -eyk-: Koreiko, Lomeiko, Buteyko, Geiko.
Suffix -chk-: Burlachko, Klitschko, Skachko, Batechko.
Suffixes -y, -ey, -ay: Paliy, Geletey, Galai, Parubiy, Kalatay.

Suffixes -tsk-, -sk-: originally common among the Polish gentry, more such surnames were among noble nobles and officials: Kirovsky, Vishnevetsky, Koritsky, Skoropadsky, Zagorsky. But they could also indicate the attitude of a commoner to one or another owner (until serfdom was abolished) - Barsky, Boyarsky, or territorial affiliation - Galitsky, Polovetsky, Rivne.

Endings -la, -lo: Zamula, Minyailo, Pritula, Shatailo.
Endings -uk, -yuk: Serdyuk, Pavlyuk, Bondarchuk, Sklyaruk.
Suffixes -nik, -ar (-ar), characteristic for determining professional affiliation: Bortnik, Miller, Gonchar, Kobzar, Sexton.
Endings -da, -ba, -ta: Lagoda, Palivoda, Dzyuba, Zhuleba, Golota.
Suffixes -ich, -ych: Kuzmich, Shufrich, Zvarych, Yanukovych.
Suffixes -ak, -yak, -yk, -ik: Gopak, Tretyak, Bryk, Kulik.

Separately, we can distinguish among Ukrainian surnames those that simply convey the common noun of something, be it a thing or an animal, the name natural phenomenon: Scoop, Frying pan, Gogol (bird), Babak (marmot), Frost, Barabolya, Gorobets (sparrow), Khmara (cloud), Zozulya (cuckoo).

Male (Cossack) surnames

If we talk about surnames that are memorable and historically valuable for the Ukrainian people, then these are undoubtedly the “calls” that were used to call the Cossacks who arrived in Sich (Sich - Russian). Usually this double words, very harsh, sometimes offensive: Tyagnibok, Netudykhata, Kuibida, Stodolya, Likhoded, Sorokopud, Pidiprigora, Golota, Perederiy, Novokhatko, Krivoruchko, Skorobogatko, Zadripaylo, Neizhsalo, Tovchigrechka.

Such funny surnames and nicknames characterize the Cossacks as strong and fearless warriors, but with a sense of humor and the ability to laugh at themselves.

Versatility and diversity historical events, which influenced the origin of Ukrainian surnames, can be traced in the following surnames: Pshigovsky, Vygotsky, Voznesensky, Miloradovich, Zarevich, Khorunzhy, Sagaidachny, Khmelnitsky, Uspensky. Here are the princely ones, royal families with a long pedigree, and surnames with church themes, and surnames of famous rebellious Sich atamans. They contain a huge layer historical era, associated with wars, captivity, revolutions. There are ways of word formation not only of the Russian people, but also of the Poles, Tatars, Germans, and Austrians.

Famous male surnames: Khmelnitsky, Shevchenko, Skovoroda, Grushevsky, Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, Dovzhenko, Klitschko, Poroshenko.

Female surnames

In the Ukrainian language, there are not many modifications of surnames based on female characteristics. These are surnames that can be classified in a morphological context as adjectives –sky, -ensky: Mogilevskaya, Vishnevetskaya; also surnames with the Russian suffix –ov, -ev, -in: Dubova, Zvereva, Spirina.

Famous female surnames: Kosach-Kvitka (Lesya Ukrainka), Lisovskaya (Roksolana), Pysanka, Lyzhichko, Klochkova, Prikhodko.

There is a linguistic feature in the writing of masculine and female surnames with endings –о, -ко, -чко when declensional. Men's surnames are declined, but women's surnames are not: Ivan Fedko - Ivana Fedko, but Maria Fedko - Maria Fedko. The same thing happens with the endings –iy, -ich, -ych, -ik, -uk. (Sergei Petrik, but Nastya Petrik, Svyatoslav Vakarchuk, but Alevtina Vakarchuk).

Beautiful Ukrainian surnames

I would also like to mention the beauty and melodiousness of proper names. A dictionary of Ukrainian surnames can be recited: Nalivaiko, Nightingale, Lastivka (swallow), Pysarenko, Kotlyarevsky, Kotsyubinsky, Lyzhychko, Pysanka (from easter egg- Krashanki), Lysenko, Kulchitsky, Dovzhenko, Stupka, Malvinets, Ognevich.

The list of Ukrainian surnames is rich in unusual, mystical surnames: Viyt, Stus, Mavka, Veleten, Bogatyrev, Prisukha, Lyubich, Yarilo. There are many beautiful double family combinations: Nechuy-Levitsky, Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, Dobriyvecher.

As we see, the dictionary of Ukrainian surnames has been created and transformed over centuries, absorbing the acquired wisdom of its people. It can say a lot about people, their culture, traditions and beliefs.

We are accustomed to the fact that surnames that end in -in and -ov are considered Russian by default. But in fact, their carriers may be representatives of the most different nations: from the Bulgarians and Macedonians in the west to the Buryats and Yakuts in the east. Among Ukrainians there are also many people whose last names have such endings. Affects general history and numerous connections between fraternal peoples. So, which Ukrainian surnames are easy to confuse with Russian ones?

Original Ukrainian surnames

Due to a number of factors, Ukrainians acquired surnames earlier than most Russians. The geographical location of the country and the influence of its western neighbors had an impact: mainly the Poles. This process in Ukraine took place in the XIV-XVI centuries. First, surnames appeared among the nobles, then they spread to the merchants and clergy. And although the peasants changed their family nicknames to official surnames a little later, still in the 17th century there was not a single Ukrainian left without this required attribute citizenship.
However, over time, the surnames of Ukrainians could change. Thus, when joining the Zaporozhye Sich, becoming a Cossack, a man often took a new first and last name to emphasize that he had finally broken with his former life.
Sometimes the son of a man known in Podolia as Petro Pavlyuk, after moving to the Dnieper region, could be recorded there as Pavlo Pavlyuchenko. The process of forming Ukrainian surnames ended in the 19th century, when they were all officially assigned to each person.
And although the endings in -yuk (-uk) and -enko are the most common in this country, some surnames native to Ukraine end with the suffixes -ov (-ev) and -in. For example, Shinkarev, Pankov, Shugaev, Drahomanov, Khrushchev, Kostomarov, Brezhnev, Turchinov. It is quite easy to distinguish them from Russians. It is enough, as they say, to look at the root of the word. If a blacksmith in Ukraine was called a “koval,” then the surname Kovalev could originally only have come from here. Although this is not a reason to consider all its speakers Ukrainians. Over the centuries, various events have taken place: from the banal adoption of children to attempts to hide, getting lost in a neighboring country and “correcting” the surname.
If we talk about the ending -in, then the more expansive form - ishin - indicates Ukrainian origin. Such surnames were formed from women's names or nicknames of residents of Transcarpathia and Galicia. For example, the son of Baba Fedorikha could receive the surname Fedorishin, and the son of Yatsikha could become Yatsishin. Likewise, if unmarried Vasilina gave birth to a baby, and the father did not recognize him as his son, then the boy was registered with the surname Vasylishin, formed on behalf of the mother.
Often women's nicknames came from the names of their husbands: Danilo - Danilikha - Danylyshyn; Pavlo – Pavlikha – Pavlyshyn; Roman - Romanikha - Romanishin, etc.

Ancient surnames

Since the histories of the two fraternal peoples are closely intertwined, some Ukrainian surnames ending in -ov and -in were formed in the era of Kievan Rus, when the ethnic division of the Eastern Slavs had not yet begun. It's about about representatives of the highest nobility who had surnames already in the 10th century.
For example, the peace treaty between the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus, concluded in 944, contains a list of very specific persons who signed it along with the legendary Prince Igor (son of Rurik). Among the noble and influential persons who acted as guarantors of peace on the Kyiv side, this historical document indicates: Karshev, Svirkov, Koloklekov, Voikov, Utin, Vuzlev and Gudov.
Which of the two nations did their descendants subsequently consider themselves to be? There is no longer an exact answer to this question. However, we can say with confidence that the surnames formed during the era of Kievan Rus may well be considered Ukrainian.

Forced Russified surnames

It should be recognized that some Ukrainian surnames were forcibly Russified. So, Romaniv could become Romanov, and Ivankiv could become Ivankov. This process also occurred in neighboring Belarus. During times Russian Empire some literate person - a county sexton who prepared documents - easily changed Ukrainian surnames just like that, without any malicious intent. Just so that the surname sounds “correct” in the opinion of a scribe transferred to some Kherson office from some Ryazan.
The famous Ukrainian philologist academician Alexander Ponomariv often notes in his journalistic speeches that in pre-revolutionary Russia mass Russification of Ukrainian surnames was carried out. And historian Alexander Paliy writes that their rewriting was often carried out in the army, including the Soviet one.
If a person lost his passport, for example, then when replacing it, only one or two letters were corrected. Often people, in response to complaints from official authorities, were told that this spelling of their surnames was more accurate, but previously it was written with an error. Thus, thousands of natives of Galicia, whose surnames are characterized by the ending -iv, lost their national identity.
And in neighboring Belarus, some Ivasheviches became Ivashevs, Lukasheviches - Lukashevs, etc.

"Remade" surnames

Sometimes the process of Russification occurred voluntarily. Usually, after moving to our country, many Ukrainians added the letter “v” to their last names so as not to stand out from the bulk of the population. Porechenkov, Mishchenkov, Petrenkov, Dmitrenkov, Kovalenkov and other similar surnames retain a Ukrainian flavor; they are distinguished by the characteristic suffix “-enko”.
This was done both during the time of the Russian Empire and during the era of the USSR; it was convenient for people to be considered Russian for many reasons: starting from advancement in career ladder and ending with the gossip of neighbors in the communal kitchen.
It is noteworthy that during the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, when part of Ukraine was part of this Polish-Lithuanian state, some people altered their surnames by adding the ending -sky. Thus, the Ukrainians wanted to emphasize their belonging to the gentry - the privileged class of that time.
Many families, after several generations of living in Russia, inevitably acquired Russian endings for their surnames. For example, the grandfather of the great writer Anton Chekhov bore the last name Chekh. However, this happened to almost everyone who moved to our country, because the owners of the surname Turnip here became Repins, and the Deineks became Denikins.

Ukrainian names very well common, not to mention surnames. When Kievan Rus converted to Christianity, began to emerge beautiful words, which later became Ukrainian. Christian church calendar states that it is the basis of all data. So what is the magic of the Ukrainian language?

Ukrainian names and surnames

The origin of Ukrainian surnames is a long story that goes back several centuries. There is one very interesting fact: Ukrainian data came into use much earlier than Russian or English. The first surnames had the suffix –enko-, which is now well-known and even customary. But few people know that this is one of the most ancient suffixes, which dates back to the 16th century.

Every word was given to people for a reason; it meant something. So, for example, the common surname Maistrenko has the translation “freedom”, i.e. someone in the family was not a serf, but had the right to be a master. An ethnic Ukrainian may be part of a group that has long history, due to the presence of some specific signs of the formation of a surname.

Men's

Ukrainian male surnames depend on endings and suffixes - this is the most important indicator of construction. They were formed for a long time, based on people’s nicknames, their professions, appearance and region of residence, so they could receive them based on the specifics of their activities. Common alphabetical suffixes playing main role in data education, these are:

• -eik-;
• -ko-;
• -points-;
• -nick-;
• -ar (ar) -;
• -shin-;
• -ba- .

Women's

Ukrainian female surnames are formed in exactly the same way as male ones. Here the endings change a little, they have a declination, but only thanks to this we can understand that this is a woman. Also, forms for girls do not exist for everyone. There are also data that do not change, i.e. suitable for both sexes at once. Examples of suffixes are the same as given above. But it’s best to look at it visually.

1. Pilipenko. Treats both men and women equally.
2. Serdyukov - from the mention in this case, it is clearly clear that he is a man. Serdyukova - declension with the addition of the letter “a”, one can no longer think that this is the male gender. This consonance is much more suitable for a woman.

Funny Ukrainian surnames

The dictionary of Ukrainian surnames is replete with unusual, funny data, which is even strange to consider as names. No, it's not about ridicule at all. They are just really very funny, funny, few people have the courage to give their child a similar name. Although, for Ukraine, such names are considered the best of all:

• Ladle;
• Golka;
• Do not shoot;
• Nedaichleb;
• Thinness;
• Partridge;
• Fear;
• Pipko-Besnovatataya;
• Cattle;
• Kochmarik;
• Grievoul;
• Gurragcha;
• Surdul;
• Boshara;
• Zhovna.

The list can be continued endlessly; there are also not the most successful options that do not sound very aesthetically pleasing. But what can we do, this is the Ukrainian language, and we must respect it.

Beautiful Ukrainian surnames

Beautiful Ukrainian surnames, the list of which is extensive. There is some familiar data here that comes up frequently. The data is really very interesting, well-known, and most importantly, consistent.

• Tkachenko;
• Stepanenko;
• Plushenko;
• Leshchenko;
• Skripko;
• Goncharenko;
• Sobchak;
• Tishchenko;
• Vinnichenko;
• Tymoshenko;
• Romanyuk;
• Onishchenko;
• Guzenko.

Western Ukrainian

Western Ukrainian surnames have the suffix -iv-, it is found absolutely everywhere. For example, Illiv, Ivaniv, Ivantsiv. In general, in Western Ukraine there are not so many endings and suffixes, so people limited themselves to basic additions to the data, without declension: -vich-, -ych-, -ovich-, -evich- and -ich-. That's all the variety. If a word ends in one of these suffixes, then it should immediately be determined that this is exclusively Western Ukraine. So, for example, here are a number of famous names that belong to the Western Ukrainian addition system:

• Mishkevich;
• Koganovich;
• Mrych;
• Enukovich;
• Gorbatsevich;
• Krivich;
• Bekonovitch;
• Vinich;
• Stroganovich;
• Strarovoitovich;
• Gudzevich;
• Bykovich;
• Kpekych.

Common

There are also a dozen - the most common Ukrainian surnames, which are not only found on every corner, but are also considered the most popular of all. A large number of famous people are the owners of real surnames Ukrainian origin, for example, astronauts, politicians, etc. List of Ukrainian surnames:

1. Strelbitsky.
2. Kravets.
3. Kravchenko.
4. Koval.
5. Kravchuk.
6. Kovalchuk.
7. Pridius.
8. Butko.
9. Khrushchev.
10. Matvienko.

How do Ukrainian surnames decline?

Do Ukrainian surnames decline? At all, male surname will always fit this rule. But there is also one more important rule: non-Russian surnames, which end in a consonant, are necessarily declined, and foreign data related to non-Slavic traditions ending in a vowel remain unchanged. The feminine side is not as flexible, as there are some suffixes that simply fall out. So, women have to live with male identifiers all their lives, but this does not upset them in any way, because in most cases these surnames are very laconic and beautiful.

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