Passing the Unified State Exam is just a small test that every student will have to go through on the way to adult life. Already today, many graduates are familiar with submitting essays in December, and then with passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The topics that may come up for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument “Nature and Man”.
About the topic itself
Many authors have written about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).
To properly reveal this topic, you need to correctly understand the meaning of what you are being asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then there are several statements to choose from famous personalities. The main thing here is to read the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You will see arguments from the literature on this topic below.
If we are talking about the second part exam paper in the Russian language, then here the student is given a text. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems easiest to him to solve.
It must be said that few students choose this topic because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, you just need to look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.
Problem one
Arguments (“The problem of man and nature”) can be completely different. Let's take such a problem as man's perception of nature as something living. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be put together into one whole, if you think about it.
Arguments
Let's take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us remember Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so amazed by the beauty of peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.
Let us remember the same Andrey. Experiencing severe emotional unrest, the hero sees an old oak. How does he feel about this? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise creature, which makes Andrey think about the right decision in his life.
At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of War and Peace support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then main character Ivan Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” thinks completely differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature was no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. However, natural wealth does not inspire any faith in Bazarov - it is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.
These two works are perfect for exploring the theme “Man and Nature”; it is not difficult to give arguments.
Second problem
The problem of human awareness of the beauty of nature is also often encountered in classical literature. Let's look at the available examples.
Arguments
For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Let's remember the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky took part. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrei experiences when he sees the gray sky! Beauty that makes him hold his breath, that gives him strength!
But besides Russian literature, we can consider works and foreign classics. Let's take famous work Margaret Mitchell " gone With the Wind" The episode of the book when Scarlett, having walked a long way home, sees her native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! How does the girl feel? She suddenly stops being restless, she stops feeling tired. A new surge of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that tomorrow everything will be better. It is nature, landscape native land saves a girl from despair.
Third problem
Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” is a topic) are also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall just a few works that tell us about the influence nature has on us.
Arguments
For example, “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway would work well as an argumentative essay. Let's remember the main features of the plot: an old man goes to sea for big fish. A few days later he finally has a catch: a beautiful shark is caught in his net. Waging a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character moves towards the house, the shark slowly dies. IN all alone the old man begins to talk with the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes like family to him. But he understands that if the predator is released into the wild, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other sea animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic scent of the wounded shark's blood. By the time the old man arrives home, there is nothing left of the fish he caught.
This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how difficult it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that man is able to withstand the elements of nature, which acts exclusively according to its own laws.
Or let’s take Astafiev’s work “The Fish Tsar”. Here we observe how nature is capable of reviving all the best qualities of a person. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, and generosity. Nature causes them to manifest best qualities character.
Fourth problem
The problem of environmental beauty is directly related to the problem of the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be drawn from Russian classical poetry.
Arguments
Let's take the Silver Age poet Sergei Yesenin as an example. We are all already high school we know that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich sang not only feminine beauty, but also natural. Coming from a village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei glorified Russian nature, paying attention to those details that remain unnoticed by us.
For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly paints us the image of a blooming apple tree, the flowers of which are so light that they actually resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, my love, I remember,” which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows us to plunge into a beautiful summer night, when linden trees are in bloom, the sky is starry, and somewhere in the distance the moon is shining. It creates a feeling of warmth and romance.
Two more poets of the “golden age” of literature, who glorified nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature meet in Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersects with descriptions of natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love to nature. Afanasy Fet’s poem “I came to you with greetings” became just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don’t immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or about love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.
Fifth problem
Speaking about arguments (“Man and Nature”), one can encounter another problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.
Arguments
An argument that will reveal an understanding of this problem can be called “ dog's heart» Mikhail Bulgakov. The main character is a doctor who decided to create a new man with the soul of a dog with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, created only problems and ended unsuccessfully. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never become better than that, what was originally, no matter how much we tried to improve it.
Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be viewed from this angle.
Collection by N.A. Senina (2016), option 3.
Russian writer K.G. Paustovsky reflects on the problem of caring for nature.
How important is it to preserve what surrounds us? In an effort to answer this question, the author draws sad autumn landscape: “The forests were drizzling with rain of flying leaves.” Even the bird calls are reminiscent of the sound of breaking glass. Man is responsible for everything that happens in nature. This idea by K.G. Paustovsky expresses it in allegorical form, recalling the tale of basketmaker Prokhor about autumn. Nature takes revenge on people because a certain Fool once killed an oriole flying under the skies. Since then, the autumn storm began.
The author’s position is contained, in my opinion, in the words of Prokhor: “...we need not to spoil anything, but to take good care of it.” The writer is convinced that nature conservation is a very important and necessary matter: as the basket maker says, “...otherwise you will throw earth and throw it to death.”
Firstly, man is a part of nature, which means careful attitude it is quite natural and reasonable to approach her. Nikolai Rubtsov wrote about our blood relationship with all things in his poem “My Quiet Homeland”:
With every bump and cloud,
With thunder ready to fall,
I feel the most burning
The most mortal connection.
It turns out that by causing damage to nature, we harm ourselves.
Secondly, the world can have a very beneficial effect on us. There are many cases where a person is literally healed by nature. In O. Henry's short story "The Last Leaf", for example, the seriously ill heroine counts the remaining leaves on the ivy. Jonesy is sure that when the last leaf falls, her life will end. However, the leaf desperately clings to the ivy, resisting the weather. Jonesy is also fighting for his life. It turns out that it is important to protect nature as a source of health and energy.
Thus, the urgency of the problem raised in the text is obvious. Nature is our home, and we, intelligent beings, must protect it.
What is nature? She is everything, but at the same time nothing. For everyone, nature is an integral part of life, because without it, you and I would not exist. Beauty, splendor, grandeur, mystery and grace - all this makes it the most valuable and expensive treasure of humanity, therefore it must protect, protect and preserve the world around us.
But, unfortunately, modern society has lost the connection with nature that existed throughout the entire period of its existence. We forget how we once worshiped her and were afraid of all her phenomena, how we hid when we heard thunder and saw lightning. Nowadays, man, having mastered so many technologies, has begun to consider himself its master; he no longer attaches any importance to what follows his actions, has ceased to be responsible for his actions, has forgotten about the most precious thing, putting his own well-being, and not nature, first. .
It is precisely the problem of an indifferent attitude towards the surrounding world that Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov raises in his text. The writer tries to reveal this topic using an example from his life. When the hero was still a child, he had a hobby: fishing. “As a child, the most attractive place for me was our river Usmanka” - these words show the reader that for the poet nature is not just a word, but something more, it is part of his soul, what he was drawn to. In the text we can read a description of this river - “Lying on the shore... one could see schools of small fish running along the light sandy bottom of shallow water.” Some time passed before the hero returned home, but the memories that he had from childhood were destroyed by reality - “... the river began to become very shallow. Coming from Moscow to my homeland, I stopped recognizing her.” Afterwards, the hero began to ask the question: “What is the reason for the disappearance of the rivers?” The character explored many places where he saw the same ecological problems“...everywhere...pollution with garbage, oil, chemicals...”.
Thus, Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov comes to the conclusion that man begins to forget about his belonging to nature, that he, and not vice versa, is part of it, and that his important task is to protect and preserve all the delights and beauties of nature. The relevance of this problem in our time has become even more important, because there are so many cars around that destroy the ozone layer with their exhaust gases, or tankers that pour oil into the oceans, because of which marine life and us, or factories then suffer. .. And many many others.
I believe that it is impossible to disagree with the author’s opinion, because modern man became very indifferent both to the people around him and to nature. On this moment society noticed the consequences of the activities of the previous generation and began to correct the mistakes. I hope that in the future people will become more attentive to the world around them and begin to appreciate the beauty that nature gives them.
There are many examples in literature when man destroyed nature for his own needs. So in Valentin Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera” we are told the story of the village of Matera, which had to be flooded in order to build a dam. Here the author shows how cynical the world has become, that people living in it forget about what is really important. But not only the village was flooded, but also the forests, fields, and cemetery, thereby destroying the small world that the residents had created. Nobody thought about what would happen next, about the environmental problem, people just needed a dam and they built it. This example proves that because of the human ego and thirst for power over the world, many lands are destroyed, rivers dry up, forests are cut down and environmental problems begin.
I. S. Turgenev in his work “Fathers and Sons” also shows indifference to nature. One of the main characters, Bazarov, is a nihilist and believes that nature is a workshop for man. The author shows him as a “new” individual who is indifferent to the values of his ancestors. The hero lives in the present and does not think about what his actions may lead to in the future. Bazarov does not strive for contact with nature, it does not bring him peace and pleasure, does not give him peace of mind, therefore, when the hero was feeling bad, he went into the forest and began to break everything. Thus, the author shows us that indifference to the world around us will not bring us anything good and will destroy at the root everything that was embedded in us by our ancestors, who treated everything with respect and reverence and understood the value of this life and the main tasks of their existence.
M.M. Prishvin is known for his philosophical views which are reflected in the writer’s diaries, stories, and novellas. In his work, the writer raises important environmental issues. According to Prishvin, the origins of the environmental crisis are directly related to the spiritual crisis. This is why the author devotes Special attention nurturing the soul of a child. Prishvin spiritualizes nature, reminding everyone that she is a living organism, she is capable of feeling, breathing, crying, being upset, frowning and rejoicing. The technique of personification helps the child find an interlocutor, comrade, and friend in every inhabitant of nature.
In the story “The Forest Master,” a tree dies due to a cynical attitude toward nature—arson. The writer reflects on the fact that one misfortune leads to another. A fire from one tree can spread to the entire forest. This is an unreasonable, careless attitude towards nature. Prishvin calls the boy-arsonist a “pest” and a “robber.” At the end of the story, the author shows that any careless act, rash action can lead to environmental disaster: “...if that man had not come and extinguished the fire, the whole forest would have burned from this tree. If only we could have seen it then!” The narrator not only saved the forest from a fire, but also showed the children the beauty and fragility of nature.
2. V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”
The characters in V. Rasputin's story are aware of their responsibility to the departed for the continuation of life. In their opinion, the Earth was given to man “to maintain”: it must be protected, preserved for posterity. In the dialogue between Andrei and Daria, the grandson tries to convince his grandmother that “man is the king of nature.” And Daria answers him: “That’s it, king.” He will reign, he will reign, and he will tan.” “Man must be in unity with nature, with the Cosmos,” the writer is convinced. Civilization can never prevail over what was created before it. That is why at the end of the story we see mighty foliage that will protect the island until it is flooded. The tree did not succumb to man, retaining its dominant principle.
Speaking about environmental problems, one cannot fail to mention the cultural attitude of man to nature. One of bright examples, showing the influence of the “king of nature” on the surrounding world, is the episode of the extermination of foliage in V. Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera”. Since ancient times, the inhabitants of Matera have treated the natural world with respect and fear. They believe that the mighty “royal foliage” is the tree that anchors the island to the river bottom. Legend says that “as long as the foliage lasts, Matera will last.” A team of workers clearing the area of vegetation and buildings before flooding is puzzled by the fact that they cannot destroy a century-old tree. Neither an ax, nor fire, nor a chainsaw can take him. The rebellious foliage becomes a silent witness to the burning of the mother's forests: he “alone... continued to rule over everything around.” V. Rasputin bitterly says that man is short-sighted in his actions aimed at realizing grandiose plans. In a world where the connection between generations is lost, where there is no respect for nature, there can be neither harmony nor happiness.
3. E. I. Nosov “Doll”
The story “Doll” begins with a description of a river familiar to the narrator. At first she appears as the main character remembered her, and a little later we see what she became a few years later. “The channel narrowed, many unfamiliar shoals and spits appeared.” Old-timer Akimych, who loved fishing, sadly brushes aside questions. He sees the disastrous state of the river, as well as the surrounding nature as a whole, in the fact that people have stopped noticing beauty, are “doing bad things,” and have become hardened in soul. Pointing the narrator to a doll that is lying in a roadside ditch, Akimych draws attention to the fact that it was apparently not children who stripped the toy and tried to set it on fire. And the kids see a torn doll and “get used to such sacrilege.” What strikes the old man most is that the teachers, called upon to educate the younger generation, silently pass by. Thus, E.I. Nosov leads us to the idea that people from an early age need to be educated in a sensitive, caring attitude towards nature, towards all living things, so that in the future they will not be deaf to and blind to what is happening around .
- Updated: May 31, 2016
- By: Mironova Marina Viktorovna
Why is it important to take care of nature? Is the immorality of society main reason environmental problems? The text by V. Rasputin makes us think about these questions. Here the author raises the problem of man’s harmful relationship to nature.
In the text, the author talks about the beauty of Baikal. He says that previously people lived in harmony with their modest needs, treated Baikal as a kind of deity. People did not pose any danger to the lake and all nature as a whole. In the modern world people waste the surrounding nature, scatter food waste and garbage. People should be ashamed, as they desecrate nature. Due to man's careless attitude towards nature, the water of Lake Baikal is polluted, there is a lot of garbage on the shore of the lake. Therefore, international organizations are saving the lake. The author leads us to conclusion that in modern society cultural values have lost their significance. The immorality of society is the main cause of environmental problems.
I agree with the author’s position and am convinced that modern world people have a detrimental effect on nature: they pollute their environment. People should be more careful about environment, because nature is an integral part of ours.
The problem of man's destructive attitude towards nature is touched upon in the work of I.S. Turgenev, Fathers and Sons. Nihilist Evgeny Bazarov argued:>. By showing Bazarov's lonely grave at the end of the novel, on which two Christmas trees grew, I.S. Turgenev shows us the power of nature , in front of which even the most great person seems like a pitiful grain of sand.
The problem of man's detrimental attitude towards nature is raised in the work of V. Astafiev, The Tsar Fish, .V this work the question is raised about cruel treatment man to nature. Local poachers and visitors commit robbery. Everyone wants to catch as much fish as possible, and tourists also want to enjoy their outdoor recreation. Tourists burn forests and poison fish. Poachers from the local Yenisei village of Chush do not understand how, for example, a bird can be admired. For them, it is just prey By killing birds and fish, a person not only loses his human appearance and becomes bitter, but also desecrates nature.
Thus, we can conclude that a person should not destroy nature, but on the contrary, he should treat it with care. Man is a child of nature, he is an integral part of it. Without nature, his existence is impossible.
Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) -
