Astrakhan, Volgograd, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk regions. Republics of Tatarstan and Kalmykia.

Economic and geographical location.

The Volga region stretches for almost 1.5 thousand km along the Volga from the confluence of the left tributary of the Kama to the Caspian Sea. Territory - 536 thousand km 2.

The EGP of this area is extremely profitable. The Volga region directly borders the highly developed Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, Ural and North Caucasus economic regions of the Russian Federation, as well as Kazakhstan. A dense network of transport routes (railway and road) contributes to the establishment of broad inter-district production connections in the Volga region. The Volga-Kama river route gives access to the Caspian, Azov, Black, Baltic, and White seas. The presence of rich oil and gas fields and the use of pipelines passing through this area also confirm the profitability of the area's EGP.

Natural conditions and resources.

The Volga region has favorable natural conditions for living and farming. The climate is temperate continental. The area is rich in land and water resources. However, in the lower Volga region there are droughts, accompanied by dry winds that are destructive to crops.

The relief of this area is varied. The western part (the right bank of the Volga) is elevated, hilly (the Volga Upland passes into low mountains). The eastern part (left bank) is a slightly hilly plain.

Natural and climatic conditions, terrain and the large extent of the region in the meridional direction determine the diversity of soils and vegetation. In the latitudinal direction from north to south, natural zones successively replace each other - forest, forest-steppe, steppe, then giving way to sultry semi-deserts.

The area is rich in mineral resources. They extract oil, gas, sulfur, table salt, and raw materials for the production of building materials. Until the discovery of oil fields in Western Siberia, the Volga region held first place in terms of oil reserves and production in the country. Currently, the region ranks second in the extraction of this type of raw material after West Siberia. The main oil resources are located in Tatarstan and the Samara region, and gas resources in the Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions.

Population.

The population of the Volga region is 16.9 million people. The average population density is 30 people per 1 km 2, but it is unevenly distributed. More than half of the population is in the Samara, Saratov regions and Tatarstan. In the Samara region, the population density is the highest - 61 people per 1 km 2, and in Kalmykia - the minimum (4 people per 1 km 2).

Russians predominate in the national structure of the population. Tatars and Kalmyks live compactly. The share of Chuvash and Mari among the residents of the region is noticeable. The population of the Republic of Tatarstan is 3.7 million people. (among them Russians - about 40%). About 320 thousand people live in Kalmykia. (the share of Russians is more than 30%).

Farming.

In terms of the level of development of a number of industries, the region is not much inferior to highly industrialized regions, such as Central and Ural, and in some cases even surpasses them. This is one of the leading areas of the oil production, oil refining and petrochemical industries. The Volga region is the largest region of diversified agriculture. The region accounts for 20% of the gross grain harvest. The Volga economic region is distinguished by its great activity in foreign economic relations of Russia.

The main branches of industry specialization in the Volga region are oil and oil refining, gas and chemical, as well as electric power, complex mechanical engineering and the production of building materials.

The Volga region ranks second in Russia after the West Siberian economic region in oil and gas production. The amount of extracted fuel resources exceeds the needs of the region. The favorable transport and geographical position of the region led to the emergence of a whole system of main oil pipelines running both in the western and eastern directions, many of which are now of international importance.

The formation of a new oil base in Western Siberia changed the orientation of the main oil flows. Now the Volga region pipelines are “turned” entirely to the west.

The region's oil refineries (Syzran, Samara, Volgograd, Nizhnekamsk, Novokuibyshevsk, etc.) process not only their own oil, but also the oil of Western Siberia. Refineries and petrochemicals are closely related. Along with natural gas, associated gas is extracted and processed, which is used in the chemical industry.

The chemical industry of the Volga region is represented by mining chemistry (extraction of sulfur and table salt), chemistry of organic synthesis, and polymer production. The largest centers: Nizhnekamsk, Samara, Kazan, Syzran, Saratov, Volzhsky, Tolyatti. In the industrial hubs of Samara - Togliatti, Saratov - Engels, Volgograd - Volzhsky, energy and petrochemical production cycles have developed. They are geographically close to the production of energy, petroleum products, alcohols, synthetic rubber, and plastics.

The development of the energy, oil and gas and chemical industries accelerated the development of mechanical engineering in the area. Developed transport connections, the availability of qualified personnel, and proximity to the Central region necessitated the creation of instrument and machine tool factories (Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Volzhsky, Kazan). The aircraft industry is represented in Samara and Saratov. But the automotive industry especially stands out in the Volga region. The most famous are the factories Ulyanovsk (UAZ cars), Tolyatti (Zhiguli), Naberezhnye Chelny (KAMAZ trucks), Engels (trolleybuses).

The food industry remains important. The Caspian Sea and the mouth of the Volga are the most important inland fishing basin in Russia. However, it should be noted that with the development of petrochemistry, chemistry and the construction of large engineering plants, the ecological condition of the Volga River has sharply deteriorated.

Agro-industrial complex.

In the region, located in forest and semi-desert natural zones, the leading role in agriculture belongs to livestock farming. In the forest-steppe and steppe zones - crop production.

It is the regions of the Middle Volga region that have the highest arable land (up to 50%). The grain region is located approximately from the latitude of Kazan to the latitude of Samara (rye and winter wheat are grown). Plantings of industrial crops are widespread; for example, mustard crops account for 90% of the crops of this crop in Russia. Livestock farming for meat and dairy production is also developed here.

Sheep breeding farms are located south of Volgograd. In the area between the Volga and Akhtuba rivers, vegetables and melons, as well as rice, are grown.

Fuel and energy complex.

The region is fully supplied with fuel resources (oil and gas). The energy sector of the region is of national importance. The Volga region specializes in the production of electricity (more than 10% of all-Russian production), which it supplies to other regions of Russia.

The basis of the energy sector is the Volzhskaya-Kama cascade hydroelectric power stations (Volzhskaya near Samara, Saratovskaya, Nizhnekamskaya, Volzhskaya near Volgograd, etc.). The cost of energy generated at these hydroelectric power stations is the lowest in the European part of the Russian Federation.

Numerous thermal stations located in cities where oil refining and petrochemical industries are developed use local raw materials (fuel oil and gas). The share of thermal stations in the total electricity production is approximately 3/5. The largest thermal station in the region is the Zainskaya State District Power Plant in Tatarstan, which runs on gas.

The Balakovo (Saratov) NPP is also operational.

Transport.

The transport network of the region is formed by the Volga and the roads and railways crossing it, as well as a network of pipelines and power lines. The Volga-Don Canal connects the waters of the largest rivers in the European part of Russia - the Volga and Don (exit to the Sea of Azov).

Oil and gas from the region are supplied through pipelines to the regions of Central Russia and to countries of the “near” and “far” abroad. The Druzhba oil pipeline system is of international importance - from Almetyevsk through Samara, Bryansk to Mozyr (Belarus), then the oil pipeline branches into 2 sections: the northern one - through the territory of Belarus, then to Poland, Germany and the southern one - through the territory of Ukraine, then to Hungary, Slovakia. The oil pipeline has a branch - Unecha-Polotsk - Ventspils (Lithuania), Mazeikiai (Latvia)

Povolzhsky economic region (Volga region)

The Volga region includes the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Penza, Samara, Saratov, and Ulyanovsk regions, as well as the republics of Tatarstan and Kalmykia.

In the territorial structure of the Volga region there are three subdistricts, different in their economic development and specialization:

1) Middle Volga region (Tatarstan and Samara region);

2) Privolzhsky subdistrict (Penza and Ulyanovsk regions);

3) Lower Volga region (Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov regions and Kalmykia)

Economic and geographical location. The Volga region stretches for almost 1.5 thousand km along the Volga River from the confluence of the left tributary of the Kama to the Caspian Sea. Territory - 536.4 thousand km 2. The Volga region directly borders the highly developed Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, Ural and North Caucasus economic regions of the Russian Federation, as well as Kazakhstan. A dense network of transport routes (railway and road) contributes to the establishment of broad inter-district production connections in the Volga region. The Volga-Kama river route gives access to the Caspian, Azov, Black, Baltic, and White seas.

The advantageous geographical location influences the development of the economic complex of the region. The main industries of the Volga region's market specialization are the oil and oil refining industries, gas and chemical industries. The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in the production of synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, plastics and fibers. It is the center of a variety of mechanical engineering, especially automobile manufacturing. Electric power industry is developed in the region. At the same time, the Volga region is the main region for catching valuable sturgeon fish, one of the most important regions for growing grain crops, sunflowers, mustard, vegetable and melon crops, and a major supplier of wool and meat.

The natural resource potential of the Volga region is diverse. The northern part of the region is located within the forest zone, and the southeastern part is in the semi-desert subzone. Most of the territory is located in the steppe zone. A significant area is occupied by the Volga Valley, which passes into the Caspian Lowland in the south. A special place is occupied by the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, composed of river sediments and very favorable for agriculture. The area is rich in land and water resources. However, in the lower Volga region there are droughts, accompanied by dry winds that are destructive to crops. The climate is temperate continental.

The Volga has a huge influence on the territorial structure of the economy of the Volga region and on settlement; it is the most important transport artery and settlement axis. Almost all major cities of the Volga region are river ports.

The creation of a large industry in the Volga basin that pollutes its waters, the intensive development of river transport, agriculture that uses large volumes of mineral fertilizers, a significant part of which is washed into the Volga, and the ill-conceived construction of hydroelectric power stations have a detrimental effect on the Volga. Currently, the task is to save the Volga and bring it out of the state of environmental disaster. The decisions made and projects developed to protect the Volga from pollution create the basis for its recovery.

The Volga region has significant mineral resources. The most important mineral resources of the area are oil and gas. Oil contains 7-11% paraffin, 12-20% resins, light hydrocarbons, and has high sulfur content - 3-3.5%; Therefore, the role of Volga region oil as a chemical raw material is great. Currently, the region ranks second in oil production after West Siberia. Large deposits are located in Tatarstan. There are oil resources in the Samara, Saratov and Volgograd regions. Natural gas resources are located in the Volgograd, Saratov and Astrakhan regions.

The Volga region is rich in oil shale, the extraction and processing of which is carried out near Syzran. In the Caspian lowland in lakes Baskunchak and Elton there are resources of table salt. These lakes are also rich in bromine, iodine, and magnesium salts. There are resources of table salt in the Volgograd and Samara regions. In the Samara region there is a deposit of native sulfur. The region has significant resources for the production of a variety of building materials. A large deposit of high-quality cement marls is Volskoye in the Saratov region. Tashlinskoe glass sand deposit - in the Ulyanovsk region. There are gypsum, chalk and other minerals in the Volga region.

Population and labor resources. The population of the Volga region is 16.9 million people, i.e. the region has significant labor resources. The average population density is 30-31 people per 1 km 2. The most densely populated areas of the Volga Valley are in the Samara, Ulyanovsk regions and Tatarstan. In the Samara region the population density is the highest - 61 people per 1 km 2. The Republic of Kalmykia is sparsely populated, where the population density is only 4 people per 1 km 2.

The population of the Volga region is distinguished by its diverse national composition. With a predominant Russian population, the proportion of Tatars and Kalmyks is large. Bashkirs, Chuvashs, and Kazakhs also live here.

The Volga region is an urbanized region. 73% of all residents live in cities and urban-type settlements. The overwhelming majority of the urban population is concentrated in regional centers, capitals of national republics and large industrial cities. Among them, the millionaire cities of Samara, Kazan, and Volgograd stand out. The share of labor resources employed in social production exceeds 4/5. The Volga region has highly qualified personnel. Small and medium-sized cities of the Volga region have some reserves of labor resources.

Structure and location of leading sectors of the economy. In terms of the level of development of a number of industries, the region is not much inferior to highly industrialized regions, such as Central and Ural, and in some cases even surpasses them. The leading role belongs to the machine-building complex, which employs a large share of labor resources and ranks first in the Volga region in terms of production volume. First of all, transport engineering stands out, and among its sub-sectors - automotive industry. The large KamAZ automobile complex in the Nizhnekamsk region of Tatarstan includes a group of factories. Its center is the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. This complex produces heavy-duty vehicles. The second major automotive manufacturing center is Tolyatti, where VAZ, which produces passenger cars, is located. The center of the automotive industry is Ulyanovsk. Automotive service factories are located in Samara and Engels. A trolleybus production plant was created in Engels. The production of rubber products in Nizhnekamsk is associated with the automotive industry. The Oka passenger car production complex was built in Yelabuga. Major aircraft manufacturing centers are Samara and Saratov. Centers for fine precision engineering - Kazan, Penza, Ulyanovsk, shipbuilding - Astrakhan, Volgograd. Agricultural engineering is represented by a large tractor plant in Volgograd. Agricultural engineering factories operate in Saratov, Syzran, and Kamenka. In terms of variety of mechanical engineering products, the Volga region is second only to the Central region. Volga region factories produce TU-154, Yak-42 aircraft, ships and tractors, trucks and cars, sprinklers, drilling rigs, watches, computer equipment, machine tools, and precision instruments. The Volga region is a large manufacturer of bearings, compressors, hydraulic machines, engines, electrical products, etc.

A large petrochemical complex has formed in the area. Oil refineries are located in the Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd regions. The amount of extracted fuel resources exceeds the needs of the region. The favorable transport and geographical position of the region led to the emergence of a whole system of main oil pipelines, many of which are now of international importance. At the oil refineries of the region (Syzran, Samara, Volgograd, Nizhnekamsk, Novokuibyshevsk, etc.) they process not only their own oil, but also the oil of Western Siberia. Along with natural gas, associated gas is produced and processed, which is used in the chemical industry. The chemical industry of the Volga region is represented by mining chemistry (extraction of sulfur and table salt), chemistry of organic synthesis, and polymer production. Nizhnekamsk Petrochemical Plant is Russia's largest producer of rubber, polyethylene, styrene and car tires. Tolyatti produces synthetic rubber and ammonia. Volzhsky specializes in the production of synthetic rubber and fertilizers, Balakovo - in the production of chemical fibers and fertilizers, Kazan produces synthetic rubber, film and household chemicals.

Electric power industry has become the industry of market specialization of the Volga region. Hydroelectric power plants operating in an integrated system have greater power. There are also thermal power plants in the area: Karmanovskaya State District Power Plant, Zainskaya State District Power Plant, and a number of large thermal power plants. Nuclear power plants are also being built. The energy sector of the Volga region is of interregional importance. From here electricity is transmitted to the Urals, Donbass and Center.

The Volga region's market specialization sector is the production of building materials, especially cement. Cement factories are located in Volsk, Zhigulevsk, Mikhailovka. Sawmilling and woodworking industries have long been established in the Volga region cities. The Volga region produces plywood, wooden containers, and furniture. Ferrous metallurgy is represented by a plant in Volgograd. There is also an aluminum smelter here. Light industry is developing at an accelerated pace in the Volga region. The largest fur factory is located in Kazan, a cotton mill was built in Kamyshin, the Balashevsky factory produces raincoat fabrics, and a leather and shoe factory is located in Ulyanovsk. The knitting and clothing industry has developed in many cities of the Volga region, the wool industry has developed in Ulyanovsk and Penza, and network knitting production has developed in Astrakhan. The agro-industrial complex of the Volga region is of national importance. The region has a leading place in Russia in grain production, including valuable grain crops - wheat, as well as rice, melons, vegetables, mustard, and meat. The Volga region is also a producer of sunflowers, milk, and wool. Millet, buckwheat, corn and other crops are grown here. Agriculture is characterized by higher efficiency in comparison with other regions, which is associated with very favorable natural conditions. The Volga-Akhtuba floodplain with fertile soils and a favorable microclimate makes it possible to harvest large crops of vegetables, primarily tomatoes, watermelons, and grow wheat and rice. The Volga region has excellent pastures necessary for the development of sheep farming. The leading place in the agro-industrial complex belongs to agriculture. Wheat, mainly spring wheat, is the main crop. It is cultivated to a greater extent in the Saratov and Volgograd regions. Barley is also cultivated, especially in the southeastern part of the region. Rice is cultivated in the Astrakhan region and in the Republic of Kalmykia. The Volga region ranks first in Russia in mustard production. Vegetable and melon crops are of great importance and are exported to many regions of the country. The main branch of livestock farming is cattle breeding. They also raise pigs, sheep, and poultry.

In the agro-industrial complex of the Volga region, sectors of market specialization of the food industry are distinguished - flour-grinding, oil-processing, meat and fish. The flour milling industry is located in Samara, Saratov, Volgograd. Oil mill - in Saratov and Volgograd. The center of the fishing industry is Astrakhan. The Volga region provides the bulk of the all-Russian sturgeon catch. Work is being carried out here to create better living conditions for fish, namely work on treating wastewater from industrial enterprises. Fish hatcheries and spawning and rearing farms are being built.

Transport and economic relations. An important role in the development of the economic complex of the Volga region is played by connections with other regions and foreign countries. The Volga region exports crude oil and oil products, gas, electricity, cement, tractors, cars, airplanes, machine tools and mechanisms, fish, grain, vegetable and melon crops, etc. It imports timber, mineral fertilizers, machinery and equipment, and light industry products. The Volga region has a developed transport network that provides high-capacity cargo flows. Rail transport plays a vital role. The Rtishchevo-Saratov-Uralsk highway connects the Volga region with Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The Volga plays a great role as a transport route. Pipeline transport has been developed. Oil and gas pipelines connect the Volga region with many regions of the country and with foreign countries in Eastern and Western Europe. Road and air transport are developed.

The Volga economic region is one of 12 similar regions of Russia. It is one of the largest regions of the country, part of the Center-Ural-Volga region axis.

Composition of the district

The Volga region includes 8 subjects of the Central part of the state:

2 republics – Tatarstan and Kalmykia;
6 areas – Penza, Saratov, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd and Astrakhan.

Rice. 1 Volga region. Map

Location

If you follow the map, the location of the Volga economic region is as follows:

Middle Volga region ;
Lower Volga region ;
Sura River Basin (Penza region);
Prikamye (most of Tatarstan).

Its area is about 537.4 thousand km². The central geographic (and economic) axis is the Volga River.

Rice. 2 Volga

The area borders on:

TOP 4 articleswho are reading along with this

Volga-Vyatka region (north);
Ural region (east);
Kazakhstan (east);
Central Chernozem region (west);
Northern Caucasus (west).

The area has access to the inland Caspian Sea, which allows it to conduct successful trade and carry out maritime transport links with countries such as Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan. Through a system of canals, the region has access to the Black, Azov, Baltic and White Seas. Through these seas, the region establishes ties with the countries of Asia, the Middle East and Europe.

The region includes 94 large cities, three of which are million-plus cities: Kazan, Samara, Volgograd. Also large cities are Penza, Togliatti, Astrakhan, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Engels.

From a geographical point of view, the region occupies vast areas

forests (north);
semi-desert (southeast);
steppes (east).

Population of the Volga economic region

The population of the region is 17 million people, that is, almost 12% of the total population of the Russian Federation (with a population density of 1 person per 25 square meters). 74% of the population lives in cities, so the proportion of urbanization is significant. Ethnic composition of the population:

Russians ;
Tatars ;
Kalmyks ;
small ethnic group s: Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari and Kazakhs (the latter are most numerous in the Astrakhan region).

Specialization of the Volga region

The Volga region is characterized by a developed industrial and agricultural sector. Industrial specialization:

oil production and oil refining (Samara region and Tatarstan, Caspian shelves);
gas production (shelves of the Caspian Sea and the Astrakhan region; according to world statistics, the Astrakhan region contains 6% of the total world gas reserves);
chemical industry (extraction and processing of shale, bromine, iodine, manganese salt, native sulfur, glass sand, gypsum, chalk);
Salt mining and salt processing (the lakes of the Caspian lowland contain more than 2 million tons of natural salt, which is 80% of all Russian reserves);
mechanical engineering (in particular, automotive industry: VAZ in Togliatti, KAMAZ in Naberezhnye Chelny, UAZ in Ulyanovsk, trolleybus plant in the city of Engels; shipbuilding: in Volgograd and Astrakhan; aircraft manufacturing: Kazan, Penza, Samara).

Figure 3. VAZ in Tolyatti

In industrial terms, the Volga region is divided into two large regions (industrial zones):

Volga-Kama (Tatarstan, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions) - center in Kazan;
Nizhnevolzhskaya (Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Penza, Saratov and Volgograd regions) - center in Volgograd.

According to statistics, the Volga region ranks fourth in Russia in industrial output, second in oil production and refining, and second in mechanical engineering. As for oil refining, it is in the Volga region that such world giants as LUKoil, YUKOS and Gazprom, which are developing the northern shelves of the Caspian Sea, have concentrated their main capacities.

Rice. 4 Oil production in the Caspian Sea

Agricultural specialization:

cultivation of oilseed crops;
growing grain crops;
growing vegetable and melon crops;
livestock farming (dairy farming, sheep farming, pig farming);
fishing industry (Volgograd and Astrakhan).

A special role in the agricultural life of the region is played by the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain with powerful river “pumps” that create favorable conditions for the development of all types of agriculture.

The main economic center of the region is the city of Samara.

What have we learned?

The characteristics of the Volga economic region are quite complex. This is due to the fact that it is the connecting link between the center of Russia and its Asian part. The region includes such large and rapidly developing entities as the Republic of Tatarstan (the titular nation of which is the Tatars). The area is developed both industrially and agriculturally. The main transport, economic and geographical axis is the Volga River.

Test on the topic

Evaluation of the report

Average rating: 4.3. Total ratings received: 403.

Welcome!

You are on the main page Encyclopedias of Nizhny Novgorod- the central reference resource of the region, published with the support of public organizations of Nizhny Novgorod.

At the moment, the Encyclopedia is a description of regional life and the external world surrounding it from the point of view of the Nizhny Novgorod residents themselves. Here you can freely publish informational, commercial and personal materials, create convenient links like this and add your opinion to most existing texts. The editors of the Encyclopedia pay special attention to authoritative sources - messages from influential, informed and successful Nizhny Novgorod people.

We invite you to enter more Nizhny Novgorod information into the Encyclopedia, become an expert, and, possibly, one of the administrators.

Principles of the Encyclopedia:

2. Unlike Wikipedia, the Nizhny Novgorod Encyclopedia can contain information and an article about any, even the smallest Nizhny Novgorod phenomenon. In addition, scientificity, neutrality, and the like are not required.

3. Simplicity of presentation and natural human language are the basis of our style and are strongly encouraged when they help convey the truth. Encyclopedia articles are designed to be understandable and bring practical benefit.

4. Different and mutually exclusive points of view are allowed. You can create different articles about the same phenomenon. For example, the state of affairs on paper, in reality, in the popular narrative, from the point of view of a certain group of people.

5. Reasoned popular speech always takes precedence over administrative-clerical style.

Read the basics

We invite you to write articles about Nizhny Novgorod phenomena that you think you understand.

Project status

The Nizhny Novgorod Encyclopedia is a completely independent project. ENN is funded and supported exclusively by private individuals and developed by activists on a non-profit basis.

Official contacts

Non-profit organization " Open Nizhny Novgorod Encyclopedia» (self-proclaimed organization)

The Volga region is one of the largest geographical objects of the Russian Federation. It is located along the banks of the Volga River. The economy here is well developed. A navigable river and railway lines crossing the Volga region along and across provide local residents with everything necessary for a full-fledged existence. There is access to the sea along the Volga, which also has a beneficial effect on the economic and geographical position of the region.

The Volga region is famous for its mineral reserves. Among them the following are especially appreciated:

oil;
sulfur;
salt.

In addition, there are enough raw materials for the production of high-quality building materials.

Population of the Volga region

The Volga region is a multinational region. The history of the formation of the modern population began many centuries ago. The indigenous inhabitants were originally Mari, Chuvash and Mordovians. Over time, other peoples migrated here.

Nowadays, the Volga region is the most populated and developed. The annual population growth is due to the active migration of people from other areas. Thanks to rich resources, the issue of employment is not so acute here. The bulk of the population occupies the capitals of national republics and large industrial cities, where unemployment is practically eliminated.

Now the population structure of the Volga region is made up mainly of Russians and Tatars. Some of the most populated cities are Volgograd, Saratov, Samara and Kazan.

The standard of living of the population of the Volga region is low. Now the main priority task and goal for the Volga region is to improve the living conditions of local citizens.

Industry of the Volga region

The Volga region is known to many as the center of the engineering industry. Mechanical engineering in the Volga region includes the production of a wide range of equipment and machines, for example, cars, machine tools, computing instruments and devices, bearings, electrical products, motors for special equipment, etc.

An important place in this industry is given to the production of aircraft, trucks and cars, buses and trolleybuses, ships, as well as bicycles and other small vehicles.

Samara and Saratov specialize mainly in the aviation industry, which dates back to the war. Now the factories of these cities produce turbojet aircraft.

The oil industry is developing in response to the needs of the local population. Mechanical engineering and the production of equipment and parts are in great demand among residents of nearby regions.

Due to rich reserves of minerals such as oil and gas, the Volga region has several gas and oil refineries. The leading regions for oil production are the Republic of Tatarstan and Samara.

The Volga, Nizhnekamsk, Volgograd and Saratov regions stand out among others for the productive operation of their largest hydroelectric power plants.

Agriculture of the Volga region

The agro-industrial complex of the Volga region is effectively developing to this day. Favorable climatic conditions and soft fertile soil make the Volga region the main supplier of grain crops throughout almost all of Russia. Wheat, rice, millet, corn and buckwheat are grown here. In addition, vegetables and melons, such as tomatoes and watermelons, grow well on the soils of the Volga region.

The warm, humid climate promotes good growth of rice, barley, sunflower and other moisture- and light-loving crops.

Numerous winter pastures contribute to the active development of livestock farming. Thanks to this, the Volga region supplies Russian regions not only with grain and vegetables, but also with wool, meat and milk. The most common animals on local farms are pigs and sheep. Birds are raised here mainly for their down. To further expand livestock farms, residents of rural areas of the Volga region face important tasks:

improvement and expansion of fields for growing fodder crops necessary for raising livestock;
enlargement and improvement of farms and paddocks;
landscaping and moistening natural areas where animals graze.

Residents of the coastal regions of the Volga region are effectively engaged in fishing. This type of activity is especially relevant in the Astrakhan region. Here, special attention is paid to the cleanliness of water bodies. For this purpose, all industrial enterprises, plants and factories are under careful control. New wastewater treatment plants are being built and existing ones are being improved at a rapid pace. Currently, plants and factories are being built for the processing, breeding and maintenance of fish, especially the sturgeon family.

Due to the diversity of grain crops and sunflowers, there are many oil mills in the Volga region. The largest of them are located in the Saratov and Volgograd regions.

Most of the contents of the granaries are sent for milling flour. Some of the largest and most developed flour and cereal enterprises are located in Samara, Saratov and Volgograd.

This activity brings significant profits to the entire Volga region, which makes it possible to improve the standard of living of the population from year to year.