Step by step drawing still life gifts of autumn. Master class on drawing in non-traditional techniques “Fruit still life”

Master class on still life drawing for students primary school

I. a) Guys, all of you, of course, have been to museums, art galleries, looked at the works of artists. They are all different. I think you can easily say what you can call such a picture (meaning genre) (showing landscapes), and this one? (portrait showing). Here's another job. What does it show? What should we call it (genre)? (Still life).
If you have difficulty answering or to continue the conversation, you can use A. Kushner’s poem:

If you see in the picture
River drawn
Or spruce and white frost,
Or a garden and clouds,
Or a snowy plain
Or a field and a hut,
Required picture
It's called LANDSCAPE.

If you see what's in the picture
Is one of us looking?
Or a prince in an old cloak,
Or a steeplejack in a robe,
Pilot or ballerina,
Or Kolka, your neighbor,
Required picture
It's called PORTRAIT.

If you see in the picture
Cup of coffee on the table
Or fruit drink in a large decanter,
Or a rose in crystal,
Or a bronze vase,
Or a pear, or a cake,
Or all items at once,
So this is a STILL LIFE

So, we will talk to you about still life. The poem you heard is somewhat humorous, but if you remember it, you will always know what can be depicted in a still life.
What could it be? (Children name what can be depicted in a still life).
I want to show you wonderful works by various artists (For example: P. Klas “Pipes and Brazier”, A.A. Deineka “Phloxes and Carnations”, B. Ast “Still Life with Fruit”, etc.). All of them belong to the still life genre.

P. Klas “Pipes and brazier”

Why do you think? After all, the pictures are all different? Maybe there is something that unites them? (The objects and things around us are depicted).

b) But each picture has its own character, unique features. (Showing two bouquets: Y. Heisum, Zori N.).

Let's take a closer look at our bouquets. It would seem that there is nothing simpler to draw a bouquet of flowers, but how differently the artists did it. To make it easier for you to see this, I will read two descriptions, and you will determine which one fits the first picture and which one fits the second.
- Imagine that we are no longer in the classroom. We were transported to the room where our vases of flowers stand. Cool summer morning. Freshly cut flowers, smelling of morning freshness, are lowered into the chilly water... The sun plays with disobedient rays on the flower petals...
- Twilight. An old lamp illuminates slightly drooping flower buds. The life-giving moisture is running out. But somewhere deep down life is still struggling...
Why did you distribute the descriptions this way? (Children share their thoughts and impressions).
Well done! You see how well you already understand still lifes.
V) Tell me, why did the artist need to depict ordinary objects in the picture: a glass, an apple, some old jug?
The artist in his painting conveys not just objects, but also his feelings, the beauty of sometimes unattractive things, so that other people learn to peer at them and admire them.
II. A) We have already said that still life is a genre visual arts, and that artists working in this genre most often depict fruits, bouquets of flowers, various objects, etc. But such still lifes as we see now did not always exist.
Previously, still lifes were not painted at all, because... the objects of the surrounding world did not arouse much interest. However, while exploring the world, a person discovered many new, mysterious, interesting things for himself; the most ordinary things revealed their unusual sides to him.
Still life, as we see it now, did not arise immediately. At first these were only individual elements of the picture.
Still life reaches its peak in the works Dutch artists 17th century
b) The Dutch called their works “ quiet life" And indeed, this title suits these paintings very well. (P. Klas “Breakfast with fish”) or better said, life is frozen, stopped for a moment.

Take a closer look, the water in the glass, the ray of light, the aroma of lemon, the clink of overturned dishes seem to have frozen for a moment. But in a moment, the rays of light will slide along the wall again, tracing with their invisible gaze the glasses, the dishes polished to a shine, and “quiet life” will take its course.
It is interesting that the names of the still lifes are approximately the same: “Breakfast”, “Dessert”, “Fish”, etc.
There were times when still life was treated with disdain and called “dead nature.” However, the “quiet life” of things, mysterious, hidden from prying eyes, interested artists more. Artists began to paint still lifes different countries, including Russia.
V) At the beginning of the last century, still lifes were painted by I.I. Mashkov. Since childhood, he loved to draw, although to many it seemed worthless. Mashkov was engaged in drawing signs for shops and retail stores. He never studied this anywhere, and when one day an art teacher asked an already 18-year-old boy if he wanted to learn drawing, Mashkov replied: “Is this really what they teach?” After this, Mashkov decisively took the path of the future artist.
I will show you one of his still lifes “Pineapples and Bananas”.

Take a closer look, the main thing here is not a simple image of objects. Let's imagine how we would feel if these fruits were lying on the table in front of us. Let's touch the pineapple peel and feel the aroma of a freshly cut juicy piece. Let's pay attention to how the artist depicts a glass glass, a plate...
(As a result of the comparison, it can be noted that the considered still lifes, Dutch and Russian, differing in the time of painting, are easy to perceive and emotional. The artists, masters of their craft, were able to convey the beauty of the material world to the viewer).

III. So, today we got acquainted with another genre of fine art (painting). With which? (Still life).
What new have we learned?
- How formerly artists called still life?
– Why did you start painting still life? (repeat)
– Did we like the still lifes and why?
(Still lifes provide an opportunity to plunge into history, to see how people lived in a particular country in different time. Still life tells us about the artist’s feelings, helps us see what may not be noticed in everyday life).

Briefing.
So, today we will learn to draw a still life. We need to try to complete our work by the end of the lesson. We'll need albums simple pencils, paints and watercolor pencils.

There is absolutely nothing complicated about using pastels. In many ways, you will need the same skills that were described in detail in the article on drawing an apple. In general, still life has been and remains one of the most beloved genres of classical fine art. Still life is the creation within a single composition of various objects that simply catch your eye. All that remains after this is to harmoniously arrange them next to each other.

And here is the still life that we will learn to draw in this lesson using pastels. As you can see, pastel is a wonderful medium with which you can achieve impressionistic images.

Pastel has always been famous for its bright and very saturated color, which is why many artists devote it Special attention. Using pastels, you can achieve a wide variety of effects, such as layering colors, adding colors to a painting. bright touches or confusion color range using your fingers, which makes it possible to achieve a matte tone.

Pastels can be purchased in the form of regular crayons or pencils. Pastel comes in different hardnesses. In this case, a soft variety of pastel was used to create this still life. Yellow is used as a background, on which all other colors used to draw fruit are superimposed. The paper also matches in tone overall composition. Using the sharp tip of the pastel, the contours of the fruit are outlined, which are then painted over with the flat part of the pastel.

Let's see what we need to create this still life.

• Sheet of special paper for pastels, paper color gray or beige
• A hard black pastel chalk or pastel pencil that needs to be sharpened first. You will need it to create contours.
• 12 soft pastel sticks.

So, let's start drawing a still life.

Creating a sketch

First of all, you need to carefully study how exactly the fruits are located and understand their outlines, how they fit together. Next, take a hard black pastel and sketch out the composition with light strokes. Let the strokes be light and not strong, because this is just a sketch, it does not have to be completely accurate.

Adding a background tone

Take lemon pastel yellow color and start applying it with the side of the background on all the warm-colored fruits. In our case, this is an orange orange, a red apple, as well as a banana and a yellow pear. But we don’t touch the grapes yet. It is advisable not to go beyond the boundary of the contour and not to affect those areas that will later be used to display highlights. Use the pastel tip to create sharper yellow lines. They allow you to display the bottom curve of the banana, as well as its leg.

Once the outlines are outlined and the background color applied, it's time to move on to the base colors and highlights. To mark the boundaries of the fruit, you need to use not only the flat side, but also the sharp tip of the pastel.

Orange takes shape

Using an orange pastel, you need to make several inside the orange short lines in the shape of a sickle. These lines should follow the outline of the orange. You can make lines either with the sharp end of the pastel or with its flat side. Usually, Orange color Mixes harmoniously with light warm colors, so orange will provide partial coverage of the lemon yellow background.

Green strokes for banana and pear

Now we again need both the sharp tip and the side of the pastel, which has green color(khaki). Use it to add a green tint to pears and bananas. At the same time, carefully draw complex lines that should indicate the bulge of the pear in its lower area and, in fact, the leg of the banana.

Adding a Light Tone

To ensure the apple is drawn, we will need a light red pastel. The middle part of the apple needs to be painted over with even strokes, which should be repeated for the left part of the apple. Next, using a sharp tip, you need to enhance the color in the area located around the recess with the stem, and then more clearly highlight the outline of the fruit.

Let's move on to grapes

Using cherry-red pastels we will draw grapes. Using short strokes, you need to paint over the berries so that the strokes match the shape of the berries. Remember to leave empty space for future highlights.

Back to apples and oranges

Take the cherry red pastel again and apply the areas of the apple that are already covered with light red. Now, using dense strokes, you need to emphasize the shape of the apple, without affecting its middle left area. Then we take a bright orange pastel and shade the orange. When shading, also try to follow the shape of the orange.

Apply dark colors to the apple

Using the sharp tip of a dark purple pastel, you should highlight the outline of the fruit, as well as the recess in which the stalk is located. Using the side of the pastel you need to darken the red spot that is located right in the center of the apple.

Grapes take shape

Let's turn our attention to grapes. Using a dark purple pastel you need to paint over inner part each grape, which needs to be done with small and energetic strokes. At the same time, we need to emphasize the shape of the berries. Of course, don’t forget to leave areas intended for highlights unpainted.

Adding dark tones

Use yellow ocher to highlight the darkest areas of the pear and banana peel. In this case, the densest lines should pass where a slight shadow falls on the pear from the grapes. To highlight the shape of the grapes, outline the outer border of the berries using the sharp tip of a black pastel.

Glare for grapes

Now we take a white pastel and easily cover all the areas on the grapes that have remained white until now. However, some highlights need to be made clearer. To ensure that the highlights are positioned correctly, it doesn’t hurt to once again check the final result shown at the beginning of this article.

Increasing glare

We're not done with the highlights yet. On the orange you need to highlight a bright khaki spot and create a white highlight on it. Then white highlights should be made on the rest of the fruit, for which you will need the flat side of the pastel. Using the sharp end of a white pastel, you need to make a series of beveled lines in the recess with the apple handle, and then go over it with black and brown pastel. Using the same color, you need to slightly outline the borders of the apple and lightly shade the light brown spots, which should become a little darker. Now lightly rub the highlights on the grapes with your fingertip.

Finishing up the orange

It's time to deal with the orange. Using the flat side of the pastel, you need to add a few light red strokes to the orange, which will not only emphasize the shape, but also the outline of the fruit. Apply such strokes lightly, after which the red pastel should be lightly rubbed with your finger.

Adding a background and shadow

Using white pastel, you should add a few lines around the still life vertically and horizontally. The shading should not affect only those areas located to the right of the pear and to the left of the orange, since we will draw a shadow there.

To make a shadow, use the tip of a black pastel to make small strokes around the grapes, enhancing the shadow from them. Then use the flat side to add a small shadow and rub it with your finger so that it blends smoothly into the white background.

Finished still life

Well, here's what we got. Let's pay attention to some elements of the finished drawing.

A) Multi-layer color. Pastel allows you to easily apply many layers to your drawing. In this case, a light tone acts as the main one, and dark tones are applied to it, which allows you to achieve a volume effect.

B) Uniform background. The white background sets off the shapes of the fruits, painted in bright colors.

IN) blurry shadow. Due to the fact that the shadow of the fruit smoothly turns into White color background, it looks more natural.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in drawing a still life, and pastel is an amazing medium that is really pleasant to work with.

Still life- An excellent choice for learning the basics of drawing and painting. There are a few important rules, which will tell you how to draw a still life. These rules are simple and quite feasible, but few places write or talk about them. Experienced Artists use these rules intuitively. Beginners guess and rejoice at a successfully created picture, or vice versa - they worry about a bad experience in creating a simple plot.

The following tips will help you create various harmonious still lifes, using almost any technique, and avoid annoying mistakes.

How to draw a still life - rules for beginners

Naturally, still lifes are very different, they carry different goals and fulfill them in the most different styles. Today we will talk about the basic rules for depicting inanimate objects on canvas or paper.

To create a harmonious picture, you need to know at least the basics of composition and color.

Painting technique A la prima

What should a beginner do who wants to create something beautiful with his own hands right now? Will you delve into reading books on painting and drawing?

It will be enough for you to know a few important rules to avoid mistakes and get an excellent result.

Location of items

Still life always looks more beautiful, harmonious and interesting, three-dimensional:

• It’s good to combine these two types of arrangement: overlap and distance.

Examples of item placement

All objects overlap each other, or are located at a great distance from one another.

Vector illustration. Here, too, all objects intersect, overlap, or are located at a great distance.

Boring and non-boring arrangement of objects

Even rectangles can be arranged in interesting ways.

Composition with rectangles

When you place one object behind another, overlapping part of it, you thereby create a certain depth in your work. The more shapes intersect, the more “deep and voluminous” your still life will appear.

Space

If you are just drawing a vase of flowers and there seems to be nothing to cover it with, think about it!

• Perhaps some leaf fell in front of the vase, or maybe a flower, perhaps you should lay a napkin or tablecloth, or maybe scatter berries on the table.

For example, the work of Alexander Sergeev:

In the foreground are leaves and a flower. These seemingly insignificant elements lead the viewer's eye from the very foreground of the shot, first to the fallen flower, then to the glass and vase, creating space and making the work more interesting.

Coloristics

When creating a still life, it is important simply not to overdo it with the number of colors used.

Rule of 2-3 colors

Choose 2-3 primary colors, feel free to use shades close to them and don’t worry about having problems with the color. I usually use 2 main colors- and a little extra color.

Examples of color solutions

Here I used only yellow-orange (warm) and blue (cool) shades. Green is optional.

"Boots" by Van Gogh. Two colors predominate here too.

Green and white clearly dominate here; strokes of blue and pink complement the work.

Still life with fish. The main shades are red-brown (warm), and blue (cool).

The rule of 2-3 colors is not always possible. Frequent heroes of still lifes - flowers or fruits come in a variety of colors and shades. In such cases, you should use the following advice: The picture should not have all the colors equally

Color ratio

Even in a variegated picture there are one or two dominant colors.

For example, if your bouquet contains flowers of red, blue, white and yellow flowers, and plus more green foliage. Some flowers and colors should prevail, others should be in the minority.

Here are examples:

Painting by A. Sergeev. The bouquet is dominated by white and red flowers. Blue, green, yellow are additional.

Still life by Vincent van Gogh. Red poppies dominate.

Let's highlight the main thing

Having a certain idea, when drawing a still life from life or from an idea (from the head), you must:

• highlight what is most important in this plot, what subject dominates?

This rule is not always used, but your work will only benefit from its application.

Ask yourself a question: on what subject would you like to keep the focus, the viewer’s attention?

The main item should stand out in some way: shape, size, color, position relative to others.

Work by A. Sergeev. The “main” flowers are identified unmistakably.

Even at the sketching stage, when you look at the sketch, you must clearly determine - What is the most important thing in your work?

• If intuitively it is possible to determine the main thing is excellent.
• If the look moves from one to another, not knowing what to grab onto- this means you still need to work on your composition. reduce something or enlarge, rotate, rearrange etc. Choose what suits you best.

Many people probably have a question now: What if I draw one vase of flowers?

Here, this rule does not need to be applied? After all, our most important and main character is “a vase of flowers”?

And here it is necessary and quite possible to apply this rule.

There is always a main flower in a bouquet of flowers.

If this is a bouquet of many flowers, it is worth highlighting a small group of flowers that are most successful illuminated, or most look expressively to the viewer, differ by color, size or form.

1 pic. So, in this master class you will completely change your attitude towards colored pencils! Colored pencils are a very convenient material to use, because you can have a very large number of shades at your disposal, including those that appear by superimposing colors on each other. But when using pencils, you need to know their features, for example, you should not put pressure on the pencil at the beginning of work, otherwise you will not erase it or cover it with a different color. With this material you need to use the principle - from light to dark. But first, let's compose the still life. Let's start with the horizon line. Then using the line geometric shapes let's outline approximate form our composition items. Let's start with the dish.

2 fig. Well done! Now it’s important for us to build a dish for the fruit of the correct shape. We find the central axis, it should be straight and even, we find a point on it at the level of the expected neck of the dish and draw a horizontal line through the point, we do the same at the base of the leg of the dish. Very good! We take a ruler and measure equal parts from the axis horizontally. We make ellipses and connect lines. See picture. Erase the auxiliary lines and outline the dish.

3 fig. Find the direction of the fruit using the diagonal axis and refine the shapes and details of the apple, pear and plum. And start drawing grapes with a brush, after its shape, adding oval grapes from top to bottom, some of them overlap each other for realism. Draw the tails.

4 fig. Before you start working with color, let me remind you that this is not a coloring book and you should be shading, not coloring! At this stage, you need to press halfway on the pencils. You only need to shade according to the shape of the object. We take pencils and apply the basic shades of objects, look at the drawing.

5 fig. At this stage, you should add density to the still life objects by introducing new shades. Your stroke now has higher value, since it is important to make the still life more real. It is necessary to deepen the shadows using blue, purple, green and Brown color. Show the falling shadow of objects and the table with strokes. Work on the details.

Did you know that the process of drawing not only instills in a person a sense of beauty, but also helps to cope with stressful situations, calming your nerves and creating peace in your soul? In view of this, it is recommended to devote at least some of your free time to this activity. Let's learn how to draw a still life with fruit with a pencil.

General information

To learn how to paint a still life with fruit, you must first understand what the term itself means. In addition, you need to know what attributes a future artist should prepare to create his own masterpiece. A painting depicting inanimate objects (it doesn’t matter, one or more) is called a still life. Translated from French, this term sounds like “dead nature.” Depending on your flight of fancy, you can use flowers, household items, fruits and vegetables in your paintings. Still life often contains an element such as fabric (of any color and texture).

Required Attributes

To cope with the upcoming work and master all the nuances, you need to prepare in advance necessary tools. You will need:

A sheet of paper or canvas (it all depends on what size you want to create your first masterpiece);

Simple pencil;

Fabric and objects that you will use as nature;

Good lighting.

If you plan to paint a picture, then, in addition to everything, you must decide what type of paints you will use (watercolor or oil) and choose brushes and a palette accordingly. And, of course, don't forget about water.

Graphics technique

In order for your painting to turn out most similar to the chosen composition, you must first master the technique. You should learn to convey highlights, shadows and texture. A still life with fruit in pencil begins with a sketch. It is depicted on a separate sheet. Here they simply record the arrangement of objects without drawing them completely. When the sketch is ready, you can begin to depict the elements on the main canvas. When drawing, do not press too hard on the pencil. Otherwise, when you delete an incorrectly drawn line, marks will remain on the paper. When creating the outlines of objects, you should not draw every line; draw a sketch with chaotic movements. You should know that artists use pencils of varying softness for individual lines. During the image process, the set allows you to create various effects on paper. That's why if you want to do everything right and portray beautiful still life with fruit, approach the choice of “tool” with great responsibility.

Creating a Sketch

As everyone understands, to start working, you first need to create a composition. You must decide on the main background of your painting, as well as what elements will be present in it - whether you will depict one object or decide to use several. For example, you can paint a still life with fruits and vegetables, or diversify your picture with a bouquet. It is advisable to use plain fabrics as a background. Next, use whatman paper to determine the center of the composition and sketch out a sketch future painting. The first thing you should draw are simple elements: an oval or a circle. For example, an ordinary apple is depicted using a circle; to sketch grapes, details in the form of small balls are used. The main thing is to make sure that the objects are located in their places, that is, maintain proportionality.

We depict objects

When you have managed to correctly position all the objects on the sheet, it’s time to move on to drawing them. To do this, write fruits into the figures shown using clearer lines. Make all details, contours clear and remove auxiliary lines. To create the right look, do not forget to use a pencil to position the shadows correctly. This action is performed using shading, initially darkening the darkest places with a gradual transition to lighter ones. The shadows are drawn with an extremely sharp pencil when applying layer by layer. The final stage is to check the image of all objects, special attention should be paid to the tone layout.

Still life with fruit - step by step

Let's explore how to create a painting using an orange, grape and kiwi as an example. It is better to use real items for this purpose, so purchase them in advance. Believe me, to acquire skills and practice, it is better to draw from life. To make it easier for you to create your first masterpiece, strictly follow our instructions.

Drawing details

First, we outline the location of the fruit on paper. To depict the halves of a kiwi and an orange, draw inclined lines and only then draw ovals. Now you can start directly drawing the fruit. Let's start with orange. To do this, we divide its sketch using an auxiliary line into two parts. Then we draw slices in each half, depicting them as triangular sectors.

We fill the area where the grapes should be located with circles, and for the kiwi we draw only the core. It is advisable to start shading the sketch with grapes. To do this, using the softest pencil (8 "M"), draw each circle in a circular motion. Please note that the lightest place in the grapes should be the middle, as well as the edges. This is done so that the berries do not merge with each other. Now let's move on to drawing the orange. First, let's shade the peel. To do this, use a “T” pencil to apply shading to the shape of the fruit. Then we will apply spots and dots. This is done with a "TM" pencil. This way you can convey the texture of the orange.

Draw the fruit slices with a “T” pencil. We move from the center to the edges. To more accurately convey the image of the fruit, use a “TM” pencil to depict “feathers”. To make the drawing more similar to the original, use an eraser to make the corners more rounded and erase a small circle in the center. It's time to portray a kiwi. For this purpose, use a “TM” pencil to apply strokes to its surface (without pressing). And to make the fruit more realistic, we will make small lines on the surface with stronger pressure. Now let's draw the core. In the center of the kiwi, use a “TM” pencil to draw rays (several layers). This way we will convey the texture of real fruit. Soft pencil draw the seeds, then use an eraser to make the middle lighter.

grape leaf

If you have some free space left on your workspace, you can add an element such as a grape leaf to your still life. To do this, draw the shape of the leaf in the form of a spatula. Then we will create veins that must come out from one point (this characteristic grape leaf). We make a more accurate sketch of the leaf shape. Now you can supplement the veins with smaller branches and create the corners of this element. Let's start shading. Using a “T” pencil, from the point where the veins converge, draw dashed lines to the ends of the element. Next we will add volume.

To do this, apply an additional layer with a “TM” pencil. But you only need to do it at the edges and top of the sheet. The final stage of painting involves applying shadows and bringing out the veins of the leaf more clearly. Your painting is ready. Many people believe that painting a still life with fruit is much easier than painting, for example, a still life with a bouquet. In principle, there is no big difference between these paintings. When creating both drawings, it is necessary to depict every detail. The only difference is that still lifes with fruits and flowers have more elements.