The estate of Count Sheremetyev in Udmurtia. Sheremetyev estate in Vysokoye: Smolensky Peterhof

One of the most interesting, preserved many buildings, estate complexes of the Smolensk region
- this is the Sheremetev estate in the village of Vysokoye.
On the steep bank of the Vazuza River there is a magnificent architectural and park ensemble made
according to the designs of the famous architect N.L. Benoit. An architectural ensemble that includes 19 manor buildings,
was built from 1867 to 1873 under the leadership of Benoit’s friend and assistant, K.K. Muller.
Almost all the buildings of the estate have survived to this day: the main house, the manager's house, the children's house, " an old house" - the countess's house, a poultry farm, a huge stud farm, a school building, a dairy farm and others. Above all these various buildings rises a majestic two-story church in the Russian style, also built according to Benoit's design.
Once upon a time, one entered the estate through the “lion gate”. They got their name from the entrance pylons with figures of lions holding the Sheremetev family coat of arms. The motto of this family is inscribed on it in Latin: “God protects everyone.” These lions have also been preserved.

The estate greets us with the oldest building - the “countess’s house”, built back in mid-19th century.
Until the 1860s in the village of Vysokoye there was a small wooden manor house and several service buildings,
belonged to M.P. Melnikova, a representative of an old noble family.
In 1858, her daughter Alexandra became the wife of Count D.N. Sheremetev...

Dmitry Nikolaevich Sheremetev -
great-grandson of Peter the Great's field marshal and the first Russian count B.P. Sheremetev, son of the famous theatergoer, founder of the Ostankino estate, Count N.P. Sheremetev and his wife, serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova.

"The Old House" is an example of a relatively modest manor building in the traditions of late classicism.
A one-story rectangular volume is complemented by two closed porches along the street facade
in the form of small risalits with assembly porticos of the entrances.

Next on our way was a house for children, built in 1869.

In the architecture of the building, the motifs of French classicism of the 17th century are noticeable.

The entire surface of the walls and corner blades are covered with rustication. The low-volume end façade facing the road is completed with a gable
and has a wooden balcony on the second floor with carved brackets, balusters and posts supporting the pitched roof.

Above most of the second floor is made into an attic, the smaller part takes on the appearance of a tower volume with a separate high roof.

Opposite, across the road, is the manager's house.
The risalits form a single two-story transverse volume; on the southern façade, the first floor looks like an open arcade.
The one-story wings are covered with high gable roofs containing attics.

Another architecturally interesting structure is the poultry house. Unfortunately, it is in ruins.

The poultry house (1872) is located on the shore of a small pond.
The brick building in the spirit of Romanesque architecture resembles a short one-nave basilica.

At the southern corner there is a tall octagonal tower, imitating medieval fortress architecture.
The walls of the tower are completed with machicolations. The spiral staircase inside leads to the upper platform,
where a similar small tower was erected.

Marble lions against the backdrop of the school. Previously, the lions were on pylons at the entrance to the estate.

Each lion holds the Sheremetev family coat of arms.
The motto of this family is inscribed on it in Latin: “God protects everyone.”

True, it differs from the well-known coat of arms of the Sheremetevs.

We visited the estate in late autumn, when the leaves had fallen, which gave us at least some opportunity to take general shots.
However, it was not possible to avoid a huge number of tree branches in the frame.
The main house, whose construction was completed in 1871, was built about the order of Countess A.G. Sheremeteva.
The palace is a large building with whitewashed brick walls and decorative details painted in a light tone.

IN 1901-1902 according to the project M.F. Meisher in the northern part, due to the lowering of the terrain, the palace becomes three-story.

IN facade decor motives of late classicism are combined with imitation of Western European medieval architecture.

Its mansard roof, rusticated corners and trims are inspired by French classicism XVII century.

The overall decorative effect of the entire palace is enhanced by bay windows and open balconies.

The northern façade looks like a tower under a roof cap.

There are two more entrances on the southern end facade: one is in the corner wooden projection, in front of the other
strongly extended porch with a metal canopy on posts.

Two blind windows on the ground floor of the southern part of the house have cement frames,
imitating Renaissance frames.

The huge fortune that the Sheremetevs inherited thanks to the talent and luck of their ancestors,
allowed subsequent generations not to worry about their daily bread, but to do what
which brought pleasure. Here is the last of the owners of the estate in the village of Vysokoye
Count Alexander Dmitrievich Sheremetev...

...wrote a rather interesting page in history. The Count was interested in firefighting.
In 1890 he created the first rural Russia an exemplary fire brigade of 13 people with all the necessary equipment and equipment, and in 1891 he built a fire tower “like city ones” on the estate.
After 2 years, Sheremetev created a fire brigade with a total number of more than 1000 people, which consisted of 14 departments (according to the number of surrounding villages). The count traveled through the surrounding villages, looked for dilapidated wooden buildings there, bought them, and then gave the order to set fire to the newly acquired “property” and fire brigade, trained and provided with the necessary equipment, went out to put out the “fire.” The count himself took a direct part in this action. And to give it even more solidity, a fire truck was purchased, something that even the provincial town could not boast of.

Let's move on to another grandiose building of the estate - a stud farm (1873)

Stud farm - extensive rectangular in plan and occupies a huge area.

The main volumes of this extraordinary building in the Russian style are one-story,
two-story buildings were erected in the middle of the northern and southern sides.

The entire decor on the main facade of the southern building imitates the decoration of the facades of the Grand Kremlin Palace and
Kremlin towers of the 17th century in Moscow. Inserted into the torn triangular pediments of the upper windows
relief images of horse heads.

According to the will of A.G. Sheremeteva subsequently
it was adapted for a hospital, a hospice and, only partially, for stables.

High gables along the axis of the western and eastern facades mark the arched passages to the large courtyard.

Milk farm. Brick outbuilding in romantic forms in the "Swiss taste".
Now it’s difficult to guess any “taste”.

The barn is located in the southeastern part of the barnyard. Initially, several barns formed a closed square with a courtyard. Now only the western building has survived.

In its center is the entrance to the courtyard, highlighted by a gable on the facade. Small side projections are also completed
with tongs under the slopes of a high roof.The slot-like openings for through ventilation on one side are made single,
and on the other - double. Openings were made in the field of tongs for filling grain, to which open stairs were led from the ground.

Some other buildings have been preserved (cow barn, laundry), but they are no longer so interesting.
And the outstanding Tikhvin Church, which is located on a hill and is the dominant feature of the estate,
deserves a separate story.

In March 1917 A.D. Sheremetev left for Paris, taking with him only a family heirloom - the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God.

Material used from the site

Gift of the Sheremetyevs

Kuskovo estate. Walk. How to get there, prices.

History of the Kuskovo estate.

V The first village of Kuskovo was mentioned at the end of the 16th century. It belonged to the boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Sheremetyev. After him, Kuskov was owned by his son Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetyev, who was on the side of the impostor False Dmitry 1, and subsequently was part of the “Seven Boyars” (state governing body). It was Fyodor Sheremetyev who proposed choosing Mikhail Romanov (founder of the Romanov dynasty) to the throne. In 1715, Kuskovo was inherited by Boris Petrovich Sheremetyev, an associate of Peter I. He became famous for his many victories, especially in the Northern War, during which he received the rank of field marshal (the third in Russia), and after the pacification of the uprising in Astrakhan he became the first Russian count. He spent almost his entire life in campaigns and battles and was not in Kuskovo.

The heyday of the estate is associated with the son of Boris Petrovich - Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetyev. The decision to improve Kuskovo was made largely due to the fact that it was located not far from the palace of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in the village of Perovo near Moscow. Thanks to the marriage of Pyotr Borisovich to the only daughter of Prince Cherkassy, ​​Varvara Alekseevna, the estates passed to the Sheremetyev family: Ostankino, Perovo, Zhulebino, Vishnyaki, Teterki, Vykhon + 80,000 souls of peasants.

The count's son, Nikolai Petrovich, married his peasant woman Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova (she was an actress in his theater). In 1800 he left Kuskovo and moved to Ostankino. Gradually Kuskovo was forgotten. The count died in 1809, leaving his six-year-old son Dmitry Nikolaevich to his guardians. During guardianship, many valuables were taken out of Kuskovo and sold. In 1812, the corps of the French Marshal Ney was stationed in Kuskovo. Referring to this, the guardians provided huge lists of things allegedly stolen and destroyed by the French. After this, Kuskovo became completely impoverished. Only the grandson of Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetyev, Dmitry Nikolaevich, put Kuskovo in order. His heir was his son Sergei Dmitrovich, who died in 1918.

During the Great Patriotic War, a sniper school was located on the estate.

Walk.

To When you enter the estate, you feel like you are entering another world. No, of course, you remain on Earth and are not greeted by angels and demons :) But you, from the 21st century, plunge into the atmosphere of past centuries. And only people meeting with cameras and patrolling guards remind us of modernity.

From the first steps you appreciate the beauty and tranquility that reigns in the estate. Walking through a wonderful park, in which alleys radiate like rays from architectural buildings, you can enjoy the silence, and this is sometimes necessary, considering that we live in a dynamically developing world, full of noise and people.

n and there are many unique and amazing sculptures in the park.

There are cozy benches where you can sit and admire the beautiful view, and dream about something intimate. G

V The main building of Kuskovo is the Palace (built 1769-1775 - architect K. Blank. An example of early classicism with baroque elements).

To It certainly impresses with its luxury. I can’t even believe that it was built of wood (with the exception of the stone basement).

V The interiors of the rooms contain many exclusive items.

Amazingly, the watch that showed time to the Sheremetyevs has still not lost its functions. And from the windows of the palace you can admire the charming view of the pond. h

I liked the building of the Grotto (built in 1755-1761 under the direction of F.S. Argunov, finishing was completed by I.Focht and M.Zimin by 1775) no less than the Palace itself. There are statues in its niches, lion masks rise above the windows... It is very interestingly decorated, perhaps also because it personifies the elements of water and stone. ts

Church of the All-Merciful Savior (1737-1742), Bell Tower (1792-1793 - designed by A. Mironov and G. Dikushin). An angel places a cross on the dome of the church - as if the heavenly powers themselves are patronizing the Kuskovo estate. T

Also unique in their own way and unforgettable are the buildings of the Hermitage (1765-1766 - under the leadership of K. Blank), the Great Stone Greenhouse (1761-1783 - project of F.S. Argunov), the Italian House (1754-1755 . - under the leadership of Yu.I. Kologrivov), Dutch house (1749).

The Kuskovo estate is one of the main attractions of Moscow. Its owners were the counts of the famous Sheremetev family. It is located in the east of Moscow, and represents not only the main palace and the buildings adjacent to it, but also a landscaped and landscaped park area, along which we went for a walk on one fine summer day. The question “How to spend a day in Moscow?” can easily confuse both visiting tourists and local residents

, but not because there is nowhere to go in Moscow. On the contrary, there are so many attractions in the capital that it will not be possible to choose the most worthy of them right away. For example, to get to know Moscow, you can choose . But to be fair, it should be noted that the walk will only take a few hours, and you will most likely spend the rest of the day on Kremlin Square, Tverskaya and Arbat, but what to do if you have more than one day in Moscow, but say three or four. So we have compiled an impromptu rating of the most popular tourist places in Moscow. The rating is very conditional and not even formed in thoughts, so it will not appear here, but one of its points will appear. This is the Kuskovo estate.

Kuskovo Estate - how to get there

• The Kuskovo estate is located in the east of Moscow in the Vishnyaki district. The easiest way to get to the estate is by metro. Metro Ryazansky Prospekt . From the metro straight to the stop"Museum of Kuskovo" walk.
• buses No. 133 and No. 208. Bus number 620 will take you to the stop . From the metro straight to the stop
• Metro Novogireevo. From the metro to trolleybus No. 77, bus number 64 and many minibuses need to go to the Yunosti Street stop, from where you will have to walk about 600 meters to the entrance to Kuskovo Park.

The easiest option is to get to the Kuskovo estate from the Ryazansky Prospekt metro station, there are more buses here and the ride doesn’t take long. The opening hours of the Kuskovo Museum can be found on the official website of the Kuskovo Museum, but remember that the museum is closed on Mondays and Tuesdays.

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Kuskovo Estate

Once you enter the park, you immediately feel as if you have stepped into the past with the help of a time machine. You immediately imagine how noble people are strolling along this very linden alley, ladies are walking with dogs, and gentlemen are galloping on horses.

The first question that comes to mind when mentioning Kuskovo is related to the name. Why Kuskovo? Everything is very prosaic. The first mention of Kuskovo dates back to 1623; until that moment, Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetev owned only one small plot, the count himself called it a “piece,” while the rest of the lands belonged to Alexei Mikhailovich Cherkassky, the future state chancellor. Count Sheremetev became related to him by marrying his son to the chancellor’s daughter. After this, the Sheremetevs became the sole owners of Kuskovo, but the name remained.

The palace appeared here much later, only in 1774. An interesting fact is that serf architects Fyodor Argunov and Alexey Mironov worked on the entire architectural ensemble of the estate.

In front of the palace lies the Great Palace Pond, and behind the pond the territory of the Kuskovo Dam Park is visible.

Entrance to the palace is paid; at the entrance to the territory of the Kuskovo Museum we bought a comprehensive ticket, which includes a visit to all pavilions of the estate and the palace.

The exposition of the palace is the interiors. You can admire for a long time the beauty of the interiors and the uniqueness of the construction and arrangement of the rooms. The rooms go one after another, the doors in them are made on the same axis, so the exit from the previous room is the entrance to the next. The rooms themselves are located opposite the window, thus letting in maximum amount light into the room.

The “Big House,” as the palace was called in the 18th century, was built in the classicist style. It was the pleasure residence of Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev.

The Sheremetev Palace is one of the few architectural heritage, in which everything has been preserved in its original form, right down to the plank floors, fireplaces and stoves.

A walk through the palace takes us to a large hall intended for ceremonies and balls, from here the symmetrical entrance and exit doors lead us out of the palace into Kuskovo Park.

Kuskovo Estate Park

Symmetry, which always distinguishes buildings of the 18th century, is here the main element of the architectural style and opposite the main palace at the other end of the park we see the building of a large stone greenhouse.

The view is blocked by an obelisk installed in the park in late XVIII century in honor of the visit to the estate by Empress Catherine II.

You can walk around the park itself much longer than around the palace; of course, it will be difficult to get lost, but it will take some time to figure out the directions, especially since symmetry here laughs and plays with the visitor, confusing him.

We started our exploration of the park from the Dutch House.

The house is called Dutch because of the motifs that were central to the construction of the structure. The house was built in the Dutch style of the 17th century, the interiors are also designed in the Dutch style. True, one can notice Russian redundancy here. The tiles that the Dutch used to decorate their houses were very expensive, so they were used to a minimum in decor, only to emphasize the beauty of the interior. Here the kitchen is entirely tiled, as a sign of the high cost of finishing.

In the same part of the park as the Dutch house there is the Hermitage pavilion. The pavilion has been restored, but we were not able to visit it, it was temporarily closed. It houses an exhibition of porcelain.

So, walking through the park, we came to the Big Stone Greenhouse.

The greenhouse houses two exhibitions at once. The first is a portrait exhibition of all representatives of the Sheremetev dynasty, the second is an exhibition of ceramics and porcelain. The greenhouse offers a beautiful view of the main palace.

In another part of the park there is an American greenhouse, which also houses a collection of porcelain and an aviary for birds. Both buildings are modern reconstructions.

The park of the Kuskovo Museum is very beautiful and diverse. In addition to the pavilions themselves, it is decorated with numerous marble statues, trimmed hedges and covered walkways.

Pavilion Grotto, Kuskovo Estate

So we got to the most beautiful of the pavilions. The Grotto Pavilion was built in the Baroque style and is the only pavilion in Russia that has retained its original “grotto” decoration of the premises.

The interior is decorated with glass and limestone, thus creating the atmosphere of a real grotto, embodying the combination of the elements of stone and water. Behind the Grotto pavilion there is a fish pond and Menagerie, although this is also a modern reconstruction.

Not far from the Grotto pavilion is an Italian house.

So we again reached the main palace and the buildings located nearby. Such as the kitchen outbuilding.

There is also a church next to the palace, but at the time of visiting the estate it was under reconstruction, so there was nothing to photograph nearby. In the photo she is to the right of the palace.

Praskovya Zhemchugova

There is another exhibition in the palace building. The entrance to it is located at the end of the palace, the staircase takes us to the second floor and immerses us in the amazing life of one simple young lady, or rather a peasant woman who became a young lady - Praskovya Zhemchugova.

Praskovya was born into the family of the serf blacksmith Kovalev. Along with other serfs, she was given to Peter Sheremetev as a dowry from his wife Varvara Cherkasskaya. At the age of seven, Praskovya Kovaleva was taken into care in Kuskovo by Countess Marfa Mikhailovna, then married to Princess Dolgorukaya. The girl early discovered a talent for music and began to prepare her for the estate’s theater troupe, in which she achieved amazing success, impressing Empress Catherine II during her visit to Kuskovo, and receiving a diamond ring from her. During her performances, Praskovya acquired a stage name and became Zhemchugova.

The heir of Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev, Nikolai, was captivated by the beauty of Praskovya. But the count's origins forbade him to connect his fate with a serf girl. In 1797, Emperor Paul I granted Count Nikolai Petrovich the title of Chief Marshal, which obliges him to stay in St. Petersburg. Nikolai leaves there, taking Praskovya with him. But in St. Petersburg, her tuberculosis worsens due to the damp metropolitan climate. Under Paul I, Nicholas again did not dare to formalize his relationship with Praskovya. A year later, he gives freedom to her entire family, and only in 1801, with the permission of Emperor Alexander I, he marries Praskovya Zhemchugova. In 1803, they had a son, Dmitry, who would become the only heir of the Sheremetev family. Three weeks after giving birth, Praskovya Sheremeteva passes away at the age of 35. This story excited the minds and feelings of their contemporaries and excites the feelings of everyone who just gets acquainted with it.

Places like the Kuskovo estate should be visited not only to have a good and useful day, here you can also learn to love the history of the whole state and its individual members. Or if you have already fallen ill with a love of history, then learn something new for yourself and visit the places where you lived historical figures. The Kuskovo Estate Museum is exactly the place where history is intertwined, where you can travel back two hundred years and walk along those corridors and alleys where the Sheremetev counts and countesses walked.

The Ostankino Estate Museum in Moscow is unique monument architecture of the 18th century in the northern part of the capital. Located close to the center, it attracts with its strict forms of classicist architecture, the beauty of the palace interiors and the silence of the ancient park. The Ostankino Estate Museum in Moscow is a protected area. natural area capital Cities.

Photo - D. Kozakov Boyar estate with a pond (XVI century), the Church of St. Life-Giving Trinity(XVII century), the manor house and oak grove became at the end of the 18th century a palace-pack ensemble, the ceremonial summer residence of Count N.P. Sheremetev

On the site of the modern Ostankino estate (originally Ostashkovo), 400 years ago there were dense forests in which a few villages were scattered. In these places, the royal rangers often hunted bears and moose, for which the nearby lands received the names “Losiny Ostrov”, “Los”, “Medvedkovo”.

The first written mention of the village and its owner dates back to 1558. Ivan the Terrible gave these lands into the possession of the serviceman Alexei Satin, who was executed by him during the oprichnina years. The new owner of the estate was famous diplomat, clerk of the embassy department Vasily Shchelkalov. Under him, Ostankino becomes a real estate ( end XVI- beginning XVII centuries). Shchelkanov builds a boyar house with a settlement in it business people, wooden Trinity Church. At the same time, a large pond was dug, a vegetable garden was planted, and an oak grove was planted.

After the Time of Troubles, the devastated estate was restored by new owners - the princes of Cherkasy, in addition, they built a beautiful stone church in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity, which has survived to this day, on the site of a burnt wooden one with a five-domed temple, with two chapels, three hipped porches and a bell tower with a high spire (now topped with a tent).

Ostankino has been associated with the Sheremetev family since 1743, when Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev married Princess Varvara Alekseevna Cherkasskaya, the only daughter of the Cherkasskys. As a dowry, she received 24 estates, which included Ostankino, and the young owner himself, who owned the Kuskovo estate, creates Orchard, lays out a park, builds new mansions.

After the death of Sheremetev Sr. (1788), his son Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev took over as heir, to whom not only the Ostankino estate passed, but also his father’s estates in 17 provinces with 200 thousand peasants, with prosperous villages in which peasants were engaged in artistic crafts.

The young Count Sheremetev was one of the richest and most enlightened aristocrats of his time: he knew several foreign languages, studied abroad, traveled a lot European countries, getting acquainted with literature and art, collected a large library.

Upon his arrival in Russia, he planned to create a Palace of Arts in Ostankino with a theater, art galleries, and richly decorated state rooms and halls open to both domestic and foreign guests. He saw in this a service not only to personal needs, but also to the glory of all Russia.

The palace was built from 1791 to 1798. Architects Giacomo Quarenghi, Francesco Camporesi, as well as Russian architects E. Nazarov and serf architect P. Argunov took part in its design. The construction was carried out by serf craftsmen, who were supervised by the responsible architects A. Mironov, G. Dikushin, P. Bizyaev. The interiors were also designed by serf artists: decorator G. Mukhin, artist N. Argunov, carvers F. Pryakhin and I. Mochalin, parquet artists F. Pryadchenko, E. Chetverikov. P. Argunov completed the finishing of the building.

Ostankino Palace was built in the style of classicism. Monumental and majestic, it seemed to be built of stone, although the material for it was wood.

General composition The palace is based on a diagram in the form of the letter "P" with a front courtyard. The building is designed in classical symmetry. A large dome crowns the central part of the building, decorated with three classic porticoes: a central one and two side ones. Pavilions on both sides (Italian and Egyptian) are connected to the main building by one-story galleries.

The main room in the center of the palace is theater Hall. It should be noted that the graph created unusual theater, where serfs received good acting education from famous Russian and foreign artists. Musical part the composer, bandmaster and singing teacher Ivan Degtyarev was in charge, the complex mechanisms of the stage were managed by Fyodor Pryakhin.

All this was created by golden hands by masters - serf craftsmen of the count, who recruited the most capable peasants from different villages, sent them to study at the Academy of Arts and even to Italy.

In 1801, Sheremetev left for St. Petersburg forever, marrying the young but already famous actress of his theater, Praskovya Ivanovna Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, the daughter of a serf blacksmith, not recognized in the world and who died of consumption at 34 years old after the birth of her son Dmitry. Soon the count himself dies. Their son was raised by the ballerina of the same theater T.V. Shlykova-Granatova.

The interiors of the main halls have retained their original decor and decoration. Lighting fixtures made of crystal, bronze, and gilded carved wood add special elegance to the halls. The decoration of Ostankino interiors is inlaid artistic parquet.

From June to September the Ostankino Theater hosts traditional festival"Sheremetev Seasons", continuing the musical and theatrical traditions of the estate. Production of operas and ballets XVIII century, various concert programs performed in the hall historical theater, provide an opportunity to experience the theatrical purpose of the Ostankino Palace and immerse yourself in the atmosphere of estate holidays

Sculptures and stucco moldings of the Sheremetyev Palace facade

Church in Ostankino
The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1678-1692) was built of red brick. The facades of the building are decorated with multi-colored tiles depicting flowers, fantastic birds and animals, white stone carvings, and figured brickwork. In the central part of the church there is an iconostasis with icons from the 17th-18th centuries

Ostankino remained family estate Sheremetevs until 1917. After the revolution of 1917, the estate was nationalized and functioned as an estate museum, and since 1938 - as a museum of serf art. Since then, a large scientific work to restore and restore the palace, catalogs of its collections are being created.

As a public museum, the Ostankino estate opened to visitors on May 1, 1919 on the initiative of the Department for Museums and the Protection of Monuments of Art and Antiquities of the People's Commissariat for Education. The museum is currently undergoing a comprehensive scientific restoration. Every year from May 18 to September 30, the part of the palace open for display is included in sightseeing tour around the estate

The Ostankino Palace was built of Siberian pine with external plaster and internal decorative finishing (1792-1798) in the style of Russian classicism. Architects: Camporesi, Starov, Brenna. The modest decor of the plastered walls consists of plaster bas-reliefs on mythological themes, the wall niches are “enlivened” with sculptural images of heroes ancient mythology associated with the cult of Dionysus and Apollo

Its plastered walls look like stone. The pale pink color of the palace façade bore the poetic name “the color of a nymph at dawn.” This sophisticated color and white columns created a feeling of purity. The harmony of lines and the beauty of the interiors have fascinated guests for several centuries.

Main facade decorated with a majestic six-column portico of the Corinthian order, installed on the ledge of the first floor. The facade facing the park is decorated with a ten-columned loggia of the Ionic order. The outer walls of the palace are decorated with bas-reliefs by sculptors F. Gordeev and G. Zamaraev. The most important part of the palace is the theater hall, connected by closed galleries with the Egyptian and Italian pavilions, which were used for ceremonial receptions and theatrical productions

At that time, theater was one of the fashionable pastimes. N.P.’s passion for theater Sheremetev's work grew into his life's work. According to the count's plan, the Ostankino Palace was to become the Pantheon of Arts, a palace in which the theater reigns. The theater was opened in 1795 with I. Kozlovsky’s opera based on the words of A. Potemkin “The Capture of Izmail or Zelmira and Smelon”. The theater troupe consisted of about 200 actors, singers and musicians. The repertoire included ballet, operas and comedies.

wind machine

Thunder machine
Not only works of Russian authors were staged, but also French and Italian composers. Count Sheremetev organized holidays in honor of high-ranking persons, which were usually accompanied by a performance with the participation of talented actors. The serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova, a talented singer, shone on the theater stage.

The last holiday, in honor of Emperor Alexander I, took place in 1801. Soon the theater was dissolved and the owners left the palace. The theater hall has survived to this day in its “ballroom” form, but even today ancient operas are staged here and chamber orchestras perform. The hall remains the capital's best hall in terms of acoustics. It is built in the shape of a horseshoe, which provides good visibility from all places and excellent acoustics. The hall is decorated in blue and pink colors and can accommodate up to 250 spectators.

Auditorium
The auditorium was small, but decorated with great elegance. The amphitheater was separated from the stalls by a balustrade, behind which, between the Corinthian columns, there were the mezzanine loggias, and above them, right at the ceiling, the upper gallery. The halls of the palace were intended for the foyer and were used as concert and banquet rooms: the Egyptian Hall, the Italian Hall, the Raspberry Living Room, Art Gallery, concert hall, etc. They can be called ceremonial rooms with crystal chandeliers, parquet floors, paintings, gilded stucco, stylish furniture, silk wall coverings, paintings, engravings, sculptures. Even small corner rooms and transitional galleries were luxuriously decorated

Theater ceiling

The two-story theater is located in the center of the palace and is surrounded by a system of state halls. A unique theatrical version of classicism was used in the decoration of the state rooms. The interior decoration uses fabrics, gilding, wood carvings, and paper painting.

The interior decoration of the palace surprises with its elegance and simplicity. Most of the decor is made of wood imitating marble, bronze and other materials. The main type of decoration of the halls is gilded carving. Most of the carved decoration was made by carver P. Spol. It is especially beautiful in the Italian pavilion.

Egyptian Hall

Patterned parquet flooring made of rare wood, walls upholstered in satin and velvet. The state rooms of the palace are famous for their gilded furniture of the 18th and early 19th centuries, made by Russian and European masters. Lamps, wall and other decorations were often made specifically for the Ostankino Palace. All items are in their places and have reached us in their original condition. As an eyewitness wrote: “... everything glitters with gold, marbles, statues, vases.”

Egyptian Hall
There is also a collection of portraits from the 18th and 19th centuries on display. work famous masters, as well as rare paintings unknown artists. Unfortunately, out of thirty genuine antique sculptures Only five have survived to this day. Therefore, palace sculpture is represented mainly by copies. Works by Western European sculptors Canova and Lemoine, Boizot and Triscorni have also been preserved. Among the porcelain items, items from the Cherkassky collection have been preserved. These are products of Japanese and Chinese porcelain from the 16th to 18th centuries. You can also see a collection of fans from the collection of the famous collector F.E. Vishnevsky
.

Balcony 2nd floor

Together with the construction of the palace N.P. Sheremetev laid out a regular park in the French style, and later he created a landscape park. The regular park was the main part of the so-called Pleasure Garden, which also included a parterre and an embankment hill "Parnassus", "Own Garden" and a cedar grove. The pleasure garden was located next to the palace. The part of the grove closest to the estate (the so-called Surplus Garden) was turned into an English park. An English gardener worked on the creation of a natural landscape garden. 5 artificial ponds were created. In the garden grew oaks and lindens, maples and various shrubs - hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum. Along Botanicheskaya Street there is a Sculpture Park. There are flower beds here, two gazebos with columns, a stage and an open gallery.

The museum is active exhibition work, presenting temporary exhibitions from its holdings both inside and outside the palace. The theater, part of the state rooms and the park are open to visitors. Nowadays, the Ostankino museum-estate in Moscow is a unique palace and park ensemble with the only wooden theater building in Russia from the late 18th century

North-East of Moscow. Years. Events. People (head of the author’s team: K.A. Averyanov). M., 2012. pp. 325 - 342. ISBN 978-5-9904122-1-7.
Ostankino - article from Bolshaya Soviet encyclopedia
Ostankino - article from Novy encyclopedic dictionary visual arts
Glozman I. M., Rapoport V. L., Semenova I. G. Kuskovo. Ostankino. Arkhangelskoe. - M.: Art, 1976. - 207 p. — (Cities and museums of the world).

This week, after a long break, we decided to continue our trips to Moscow estates. This time the choice fell on the Kuskovo estate. Like Kuskovo, it belonged to the Sheremetyev family. In the 17th century, Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetyev turned it into his country residence. A new palace was built (the old one was built by Boris Petrovich and it was destroyed due to disrepair) and other buildings from the ensemble, and a regular garden was also laid out.

In 1917, Kuskovo was turned into a museum, and it remains one to this day.

In order not to spend a long time looking for the right bus, you need to exit the metro in the right direction - follow the arrow to Papernik Street, and then turn right to the stops. A 10-minute bus ride and a pond appeared, and behind it the estate itself.

One glance at Kuskovo was enough to understand that Ostankino was taking a rest in comparison. Kuskovo like Ostankino, it is also surrounded by a forested park area, there is also a pond here, and the main palace is located right on its shore. But it was immediately clear that this estate received more attention from Count Sheremetyev than from Ostankino. If only one estate was built in Ostankino, here the count went all out and built a whole ensemble of buildings with a regular park. The territory of Kuskovo is much larger than Ostankino.

Looking at the palace from afar, for some reason I remembered the film “Midshipmen, Forward!” Just the sight of the territory and buildings of Kuskovo brings to mind scenes from historical films, and you can imagine that a carriage is about to pass by, and some count or the queen herself will get out of it.

Without waiting for the carriage, we walked to the ticket office, because... To get to the estate, you must buy a ticket to any of the buildings of the ensemble (although I read on the forums that someone passed by just like that). Ticket prices ranges from 50 to 150 rubles, depending on the house you want to visit. For example, entrance to the estate costs 150 rubles, and an Italian house costs 50 rubles. On that day, the main palace of Kuskovo, the Italian House and the Grotto were open to the public. We bought tickets at full program+ photography (100 rub.). Later it turned out that the photography was taken in vain, because You can’t film in the estate itself (and other buildings too), and no one is monitoring the filming on the territory. Yes, and I made one unforgivable mistake - I forgot the replacement batteries for the camera at home, and the ones that were there turned out to be dead. As a result, they died immediately after visiting the palace, because... I still tried to take pictures secretly. Therefore, most of the photos you see on this page were found on other resources.

At the entrance, again, as in Ostankino, we were given felt slippers, warned that photography was prohibited, and we began our inspection. I note that the layout of the palace is such that you can walk around it in a circle, going from one room to another. Inside, the main palace is much richer than Ostankino. In every room there are paintings on the walls, painted ceilings, rich beautiful furniture. I was surprised by the bed that was seen in one room, or rather its size – just over a meter. I can't even imagine who could fit in it.

There was an aquarium in another room. As the caretaker explained to us, there were no fish in it, only drawn ones. And what's the point?

Go ahead. In one of the rooms I really liked the mosaic reproduction of the entire territory of Kuskovo. I myself would never have guessed that this was a mosaic. We arrived at the excursion, and the guide told us this. Unfortunately, I couldn’t take a picture of it and couldn’t find any photos on the Internet. Just know that when you see a table with a picture of the entire estate under glass, it is a mosaic, not a painted image.

The next room had a gallery. As the guide said, Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetyev himself personally selected all the paintings for his gallery. The most old painting 16th century, the rest 17th – 18th centuries. Most of the authors are French and Italian artists.

Hall of Mirrors. Palace “discos” were held here. It’s not for nothing that the hall is called mirrored; on all the walls there are almost full height mirrors, beautiful candlesticks, images of everyone are painted in the corners state awards, received by the Sheremetyevs, and on the central walls is the coat of arms of the Sheremetyev family. On the ceiling there is a fresco with an allegorical depiction of the origin of the coat of arms. The large window offers a beautiful view of the regular park and the Great Orangery.

I was very surprised when I saw a billiard table in one of the rooms. I don’t know why, but I never expected to see a billiard table here. It turned out that at that time it was fashionable to have a pool table in the house.

In the count's dining room we saw huge portraits of Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetyev and his wife and, as befits a dining room, a large set table with antique dishes.

Having visited the Kuskovo Palace, I can say with confidence that it is much more beautiful than in Ostankino. The atmosphere here is richer and walking around it was much more interesting than Ostankino.

Having finished with the palace, we moved towards the Grotto. I never understood what it was intended for. Inside the grotto is made in nautical style. Sea “landscapes” are depicted on the walls, with shells embedded in them. Many of the exhibits on display in the Grotto are also made using shells, such as the paintings. They are difficult to describe in words, you just have to see them. There are also porcelain products in the form of fish, shellfish and other inhabitants of the deep sea.

I can’t tell you anything particularly interesting about the Italian house. Also antique furniture, paintings on the walls, everything is “as usual.”

Of everything we visited, we liked only the main building of Kuskovo; the rest did not make much of an impression.

In my opinion, the Kuskovo estate is a great place where you can have an interesting time, but going here better in summer. In autumn, the regular park does not look so beautiful; park rangers cover all the sculptures with wooden boxes and not all buildings from the Kuskovo ensemble are open to the public.

How to get there:

You can get there from the Ryazansky Prospekt metro station by buses No. 133, 208 or from the station. m. Vykhino by bus No. 620. Those who live in the metro areas. Shchelkovskaya or Enthusiastov Highway can get to Kuskovo by bus No. 133 or by minibus 157M - it goes along the same route as the bus. The stop is called “Kuskovo Estate”.