Plan for writing a story. We write well: from idea to book

Hello to everyone who has decided to learn the art of writing! Anna is with you, a copywriter with two years of experience who has written more than 500 articles. Today we have an important lesson.

I think you have more than once come across texts on the Internet in which it is difficult to grasp the essence. The author abruptly moves from one thought to another, departs from the topic. I want to close this nightmare and forget about it.

So that you avoid the fate of a would-be writer whose work is of no use to anyone, I will show you how to draw up a text outline simply and correctly, and I will also explain what it is.

Use my tips to take your copywriting to the next level.

An article outline is a list consisting of the main ideas of the article, which are presented in a logical sequence. The main task is to reveal the content. The ideal structure is one that, when you look at it, brings to mind the entire text.

Each item on the list is a guideline that helps you understand the essence of the article.

Why does a copywriter need to draw up and think through a plan:

• get rid of the mess in your head, sort all the information into shelves;
• make the material useful and exciting for the reader;
• thanks to a well-thought-out structure, the reader can easily find the block of information he needs;
• the number of clients and rave reviews will increase along with your income.

The ability to structure helps you prepare for exams and analyze competitors’ articles.

Making the structure correctly: detailed instructions

When you first sit down to write a plan, chaos usually begins in your head, and it’s difficult to identify the main idea. As a result, points that should be short are blown out into entire paragraphs.

For reference. The main idea is the task of the article/work, and the topic is the general name of the content.

Where to start and how to finish:

1. Read the text 2 – 3 times. Take notes and write down ideas as you read. If you're writing from your head and don't need to study competitive articles, then skip this step.
2. Ask yourself two questions: what is its topic, what is the material written for. This way you can immediately decide on the main idea.
3. Take a closer look at each paragraph and think about where the key point is, what is its meaning? Often a paragraph is an already completed thought that can be included in the structure as a subheading. Don't dwell on the details. We are only interested in the action, the plot twist.
4. Leave the list for a few minutes and relax. Re-read it. Do you understand what the work is about just by looking at it? Yes - you have worked well, no - you need to improve it.
5. Copy the plan into a clean copy and use it for its intended purpose.

A few tips for the journey:

1. Write down unfamiliar words and concepts that you will use separately. Be sure to clarify their meaning.
2. Don't repeat yourself. If the same word comes up several times, replace it with a synonym.
3. Don't be afraid of modifications. If, when you return to the list after a few minutes, you want to make changes, then do so.
4. The text outline for a public speech should be short. One paragraph consists of a maximum of 2 – 3 words.
5. Formulate paragraphs with numbers and subparagraphs with bulleted lists.

Keep a separate notebook for plans. Write down all your work there. This good source inspiration, re-reading which you will track your progress.

We took a look at the general way of structuring the article. Now let’s complicate the task and divide the plan into several types, each of which is created in a special way.

What types of plans are there?

A plan helps us not to get confused, to clearly formulate and express our thoughts. There are many options. Now we will look at the most well-known methods.

Abstract

Each section is represented by a thesis. Thesis is a brief statement of the main idea of ​​1 – 3 paragraphs. Distinctive feature: many verbs. It consists of a subject, which names the topic, and a predicate, which reveals it. Without a predicate, the main idea is lost.

How to find a thesis statement? It is difficult for beginners to highlight the main thing, discarding the details. Sometimes the subtitle of the structure is stretched to 10–15 words, although this is unacceptable. Ask questions about the paragraphs. But remember: the answer should consist of 4 – 8 words and no more.

For example, I took the fairy tale about the goldfish by A. S. Pushkin:

1. The older man lived poorly with his old lady.
2. The old man caught the magic fish and released it.
3. Starce told everything to the old woman, she demanded a trough.
4. The dissatisfied old woman sent the old man to fetch the hut.
5. The hut was not enough for the grumpy old woman; she wanted to become a queen.
6. The old woman was tired of being a queen, she wanted to become the mistress of the sea.
7. The fish could not bear the old woman's greed and disappeared.
8. The old man and his wife were left with nothing.

Every 1,000 characters = 1 abstract. If you are writing a 6,000 character article, you need to highlight 6 points. This way you won’t overdo it, the material will be a pleasure to read.

Interrogative

This type of structure is based on questions to a semantic block of text. Personally, it’s easier for me to work through an article this way. Questions arise while studying materials and thinking about the topic.

This plan is ideal for informational articles, master classes, instructions, and analysis.

I will again show what it looks like using the example of a fairy tale about a goldfish:

1. What did the old man do when he caught the magic fish for the first time?
2. How did the old woman react to the story about the goldfish?
3. What did the old woman make her husband ask the fish?
4. How did the fish respond to the old woman's last wish?
5. What happened to the old man and his wife at the end?

Ask questions using words: how, when, why, whose, how many, who. Avoid the interrogative “whether” part.

Nominative

The title plan consists of theses expressed by nouns and adjectives. No verbs needed. It's very short. The maximum size of one title is 2 – 4 words.

Let's return to our tale of the goldfish to see the naming plan in practice:

1. Meeting of an old man and a goldfish.
2. The whims of an old woman.
3. An old man and an old woman at a broken trough.

Remember the childhood classics? So everything is correct. If just one glance at the outline is enough to remember the contents of the article, you are on the right track.

Support

The reference plan is written without rules. This is a short retelling of the article, consisting of the main informative parts. It is intended for personal use. It is important that you feel comfortable and understandable when working with it. All points are supports that cause bright, detailed pictures, conveying the content of the article.

You can write it expanded or condensed. It all depends on your goal, capabilities, memory, associations.

This is how I see it written correctly reference plan famous fairy tale:

1. The first meeting of the old man and the goldfish.
2. Three wishes of an old woman.
3. Fish refusal.
4. Broken trough.

The supporting structure is provided for public speaking, presentations, news articles and short reviews. So as not to miss main idea, but don’t constantly look at the sheet of paper. Indicate facts, figures, names of objects, characters.

Mixed

This is a mix of different types of plans. Ask questions, write out abstracts - no restrictions.

For clarity, I will show the combined structure of a fairy tale about a goldfish:

1. The elder came across a magic fish, which he felt sorry for. He let her go.
2. How did the old woman behave when she heard about the unusual fish?
3. Three wishes of an old woman.
4. Why gold fish refused to fulfill your last wish?
5. The old man and his wife returned to their old life.

You can use it for any purpose.

Simple and complex

What kind of plan do you need: detailed or simple. To do right choice, think about how important it is to describe the details or can you get by with nominal sentences?

A simple structure is 3 – 5 headings without details, consisting of 2 – 5 words, and a complex structure is more than 5 headings with subheadings and important details.

For example, the fairy tale “Kolobok” can be represented as follows:

Practice writing a simple plan. As soon as you start to succeed, try making an expanded one.

As you can see, the simplified version indicates only the key points, the complex one helps to understand the behavior of the characters and the development of the storyline.

How does the genre of an article influence the creation of structure?

Before you sit down to plan, think: what style does your text belong to? Will it be scientific work or hot news? What's the difference:

1. Scientific work is structured in such a way as to step-by-step prove a certain theory or pattern. The author presents arguments, citing documents in support, citing authoritative sources. The reader gradually comes to the conclusion - the main idea of ​​​​the material, which is located at the end.
2. A bright note, news and review are written in a different sequence. The first points are important, attention-grabbing information, the middle reveals in detail what was stated at the beginning, and the end is a generalization, additional information.

It's all about the nature of the texts. Scientific works read thoughtfully, paying attention to each information block.

The texts of journalists and copywriters are not studied. They are quickly scanned while eating and in transport. The first paragraphs should be catchy and make you want to read to the end. Those who do not take into account differences in styles lose greatly: their work goes unnoticed.

Typical mistakes + examples

During the learning process, beginners often make the same mistakes. Self-study is dangerous because the author does not always notice his own weak spots, gets used to them, starting to write in uniform style subsequent plans. A mentor is needed at this stage. Where can I find it? You don’t have to go far, surf the Internet, we have been doing this for a long time and are ready to help you.

In the meantime, I will introduce you to the common mistakes that make the plan unworkable:

1. There is a violation of the logical connection, each point lives a separate life.
2. Points intersect with each other, semantic boundaries are violated. The author was unable to divide the text into key points or described the content in too much detail.
3. All points indicate secondary information. Most likely, the author was unable to determine the idea or topic of the article.
4. The introduction and conclusion are missing.
5. The author chose the wrong words to name the points. It is impossible to understand what is going on.
6. The length of the paragraph exceeds 9 words, reminiscent of a paragraph.
7. The size of the items, the appearance are too different. This is only permissible when writing a combined plan.

Write down a list of errors and hang it on your desk. Every time you sit down to prepare a plan or review it, go through the list.

Have you written a plan? Don't rush to use it. Let it sit for at least a few hours, and then evaluate it with fresh eyes.

Let's imagine what the wrong outline for the article “How to teach a child to speak?” would look like.

1. When does a child learn to speak?
2. The child does not speak.
3. What should you tell your baby?
4. How to teach a child to speak quickly and clearly?
5. Frequent mistakes that parents make: they read little to their child, force them to study, scold them.

Even a simple look at such a structure causes chaos in the head: what, why, what are they even about.

What mistakes are made here:

• Point 1 is superfluous. We are talking about how to teach a baby to talk, not when. It’s better to write a separate text about this.
• Point 2 is thesis, and we frame everything with questions. It looks clumsy and illogical.
• Point 3 can be made a sub-point for ease of perception.
• Point 5 is long, homogeneous members after the comma it is necessary to formulate subparagraphs.

And here is the corrected version:

• Introduction.
• How to teach a child to speak quickly and clearly:
  • reading aloud,
  • developing tongue twisters,
  • articulation gymnastics,
  • a lot of communication,
  • word games.
• Why doesn't the child talk?
• Typical mistakes of parents:
  • annoying training
  • lack of attention.
• Conclusion.

Learn to write similar texts to earn money.

Conclusion

A plan is a support that helps you gather your thoughts together. When I started on the article exchange, I had no idea how much it simplifies the life of a copywriter. Practice as much as possible: write yourself, analyze other people's work. Remember that perseverance and experience are your help.

Have you already tried making plans? Have you noticed how easier it is to write articles? Write comments. Share your experience.

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I wish you good luck!

Nowadays, stories are often written in schools and philological departments of universities. Sometimes the flight of fancy is unlimited, and in some cases it is necessary to create a work on a given topic. Of course, in journalism departments they devote a lot of time to explaining all the nuances of writing a story and its plan, but at school it is often impossible to present this in detail. Usually students write stories based on the picture, about their family, their interests and Everyday life, and also dedicate the first work to a book they read or a movie they saw. A story may be somewhat reminiscent of an essay, but it must have all the signs of an independent short work: plot, characters, composition. To do the work well, competently and clearly, you must first draw up a story plan, moderately detailed and accurate, and then write the text in accordance with it. If you are writing a story for yourself or are going to publish it, a competent plan will also be very useful to you - it is much easier to work with, and the work will ultimately turn out logical and interesting.

1. Before you start working on a story, you need to determine its theme, idea, and main direction. The content of your plan will largely depend on this. For example, when talking about your family, you will need not only to list your loved ones, but also try to connect the narrative into a single whole, make smooth transitions so that the text does not turn into a dry listing of facts. It is also worth immediately indicating your place in the family, since you are not writing about an abstract family, but about your own. This needs to be emphasized. When you are given a topic, be sure to write it at the top of the paper where you will make your plan. This entry will constantly remind you of the main direction of the text, since you should not deviate too much from the topic.
   
2. If you come up with a topic yourself, try to choose the direction that is most understandable and accessible to you. Write the story yourself, do not copy it from existing sources. Even if creation own work If it seems too difficult to you, at the stage of drawing up a plan you will be convinced that such work is quite feasible. The main thing is to navigate the chosen topic, master necessary information, feel free. You can write a story about yourself, about an incident in your life (vacation, going to an event, meeting a interesting person), about your favorite movie or book. It is important to draw up a story plan that will fully correspond to the content of the future text. Don't forget about your topic and write it down on your outline sheet right away. Each point in your plan should be directly related to the topic. Do not make any big digressions, since a story is a small genre of prose. You need to clearly and in detail reveal the topic of your story in a small amount.
   
3. Don't let inspiration lead you away from a well-thought-out plan. To do this, be sure to include all important and bright details. Briefly write them down directly in the appropriate paragraphs of the plan. For example, if in one of the parts of the development of the action you need to tell an interesting incident that characterizes the hero of the story, indicate this moment in the outline in a concise form.
   
4. You will need to carefully plan a story on a given topic, competent and thoughtful. Take this matter responsibly. Even if the plan will not be checked by the teacher, write it as if you need to submit it for review. Remember that the success of your work as a whole largely depends on the clarity, logic, and completeness of your plan. Don't get distracted, stay on topic, stay focused and write carefully. Good plan will help you create a truly worthy story.
   
5. Remember the details needed for the story and reflect them in your plan:
   • the characters must be described specifically enough so that the reader can imagine them;
     
   • a good description is not necessarily characterized by excessive detail; in a story it is better to write more concisely and succinctly;
     
   • the heroes are revealed in the work not only externally, but also internally;
     
   • add two or three interesting moments, bright details that will attract the reader's attention.
     
   For example, when you decide to outline the image of the hero with a few memorable strokes, write them down briefly in exactly that point of the plan that corresponds to the planned part of the story, where these details will appear
   
6. Immediately write down all the characters in your future story. In the plan, they should come after the title and a brief (two or three phrases) content of the work. The list of characters may resemble those you have seen in plays. Directly in it, indicate the connections of the heroes with each other, add concise characteristics. For example: “Katya, Natalya’s daughter, is a cheerful girl of ten years old.”
   
7. If you need to plan a story based on a painting, think especially carefully about the composition of your text. It doesn’t just have to be good and harmonious in itself: you need to relate it to the composition of the picture. Highlight the most important thing in the picture and gradually approach its description, make your conclusions and outline the central part of the picture as the culmination of the story. Pay attention to details, color transitions, compositional features and vividly describe them in the story.
   
8. In your plan, reflect the development of the action of your story. Try to divide it into large quantity points so that according to the plan you can calmly follow the connection of events. When you write down the plot in detail, it will be easier for you not only to create the text of the story itself, but also to make the necessary adjustments even before writing the main text. Remember that in a story there is no need to drag out or complicate the plot, since the form of your work dictates the brevity and conciseness of the presentation. Don’t be distracted by side storylines or digressions, stick to one central direction.
   
9. Pay special attention to the climax and resolution of the story. It is these parts that should be the most interesting, vivid and memorable, so as not to disappoint the reader. Briefly write down the main point in the appropriate paragraphs of the plan.
   
10. Keep track of the relationships between the parts of your story. Try not to make them too different in volume. Great option– write down the approximate expected volume, the number of sentences of this part of the future story, in each paragraph.
    

1. First, think about the topic of your story.
   
2. Outline the main range of issues and small subtopics that you will touch on in the story. Write everything down on a piece of paper.
   
3. Reflect the theme of your story.
   
4. Write down the names of the characters, indicate their relationships with each other, their features.
   
5. When drawing up a plan, do not forget about the topic, do not deviate from it, since your work will be brevity.
   
6. Write detailed plan. Use division into paragraphs and subparagraphs, for example: 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3, 3.1, 3.2. This way it will be convenient for you to highlight semantic parts according to their significance.
   
7. Immediately write down in bullet points the approximate volume of the story they correspond to.
   
8. In the plan, reflect the development of the plot.
   
9. Stick to the classic composition:
   • introduction: description of the scene, introduction to the characters;
     
   • string: interesting event, from which the plot begins to develop;
     
   • action development;
     
   • climax: the most intense moment in the text;
     
   • denouement: a description of what the heroes’ actions led to;
     
   • conclusion.
     
10. Pay special attention to the climax and resolution.
    
11. Don’t “lose” the heroes in your plan, don’t forget about the characters: if a character appears in a story, you need to indicate his role in the story.
    
12. Try to make the plan harmonious, thoughtful, the parts should correspond to each other in volume.
    

you have in mind write a story? The first... or the twenty-first... or the two hundred and first....

It's simple! The main thing is to have a plan - the first stage creative process, and then make a competent plan. This is what we will do today.

Brevity is the soul of wit

Agree, on the first days of the New Year, you don’t want to think about something global. And creative thoughts and images attack the brain - time is, after all, magical. Therefore, the idea came to me to speculate on how to write stories - works of small volume, but no less valuable than works of any other genre in literature.

By the way, one of the advantages of a small-form work, in my opinion, is that anyone can start it and... finish it. Which doesn’t always happen with novels and even stories. 🙂

But it was not for nothing that the master of short stories A.P. Chekhov said: “Brevity is the sister of talent.” When writing a story, this phrase is more relevant than ever; you can pin it on the wall so that it is always before your eyes.

Writing stories is quite difficult. Many writers recognize this genre as one of the most difficult: it requires precision of construction, impeccable finishing of each phrase, significant meaning and high plot tension.

So, first, a few words about the genre itself.

Story– narrative epic genre with a focus on small volume and unity of the artistic event.

The story, as a rule, is dedicated to a specific fate, talks about a separate event in a person’s life, and is grouped around a specific episode.

The narration is usually told from one person. This can be the author, the narrator, or the hero. But in the story, much more often than in “large” genres, the pen is, as it were, passed to the hero, who himself tells his story.

Literary glossary

Three important steps from start to finish

It has been known since school that work on any literary work takes place according to three main stages:

• we make a plan,
• write the text
• we edit (at school they checked it for typos, errors, and inaccuracies).

Each stage can be broken down into even smaller ones. Today we will divide the first “elephant” into pieces.

By the way, if you are sure that you can write without any plans, I won’t convince you otherwise. Can. We grab the first thought we come across and develop it as it develops. Stephen King advises doing just that. But we will talk about this style of writing later. (People are different, and everyone will choose their own path in creativity). But in this article we will look at classic approach, which starts with writing a plan.

In the next article on the topic “How to write a story” we will learn the basics of writing a text. And then we’ll get acquainted with the secrets of editing your masterpiece (otherwise it will never become one).

Each of these stages is important in its own way, I recommend working through each one if you want to get a worthwhile product as a result.

Author's intention

Before you start writing a story, it is important to find the author's intent. According to the dictionary, idea– this is a planned plan of action, activity; intention.

Author's intention– this is the first stage of the creative process; arising in the writer’s imagination before the actual work on a work of art an idea of ​​the content and form of the future work, its main features and properties; the initial outline of the future work.

Dictionary literary terms. S.P. Belokurova. 2005.

Let's listen to what is born in our head. What thoughts come to us? What are we thinking about? What are we fantasizing about? What impression did the book you read, the movie you saw, or the article in the newspaper make? Has there been a desire to structure or rewrite the work of another author differently? Do you want to put down on paper your neighbor’s story or your friend’s doubts? Or change the plot of your own negative situation?

• You can read about how ideas are born.

The author's plan, according to S.P. Belokurova, may “not coincide with the embodiment, may be completed or incomplete, embodied or not, change during the author’s work on his work or remain unchanged.” In any case, it must initially be there, otherwise there is no point in sitting down at the computer or picking up a pen.

Selecting material

There are different ways to help select material to work on a story:

• description of what he saw or experience. This is how journalists often work. Nevertheless, such descriptions also play an important role in writing;
• design. The writer comes up with a plot and characters, calling on imagination and memory to help. From the material you may need a description of the era and place where the heroes live, their clothes and equipment, activities and environment;
• synthesis. This is when the basis of the work is real events, but the author changes some details and moments, introduces speculation.

Which method do we choose to write our story?

Perhaps other important questions will help answer this question:

• What is the purpose of writing the text: to entertain the reader or to convey an important thought or idea?
• What will our story be about? What is its theme and main idea?
• Who will be the main character in the story?
• What will be the plot of the story? Does it correspond to the purpose of writing and the idea of ​​the work?

At first, we may not find answers to all questions. But they will force thinking to work in the right direction.

Making a story plan

Now is the time to pick up a pen and sketch plan. We write:

• idea story;
• sequence of events, which, according to our original plan, should happen (briefly but consistently);
• thoughts, which come while thinking about the topic (I know for sure that if you don’t write them down, they simply disappear and never return);
• names characters and their descriptions, titles objects and places; time when events occur. By the way, the article will help you figure out the names: ““.

Let's also decide whether the story goes:

• first person (“I”; the narrator is the character himself),
• second (“you”; narrator – reader; used very rarely)
• or third (he/she; narrated by an outside narrator; used most often). You can switch, for example, from a third-person narration to a first-person or persons narration, the main thing is to do it correctly.

When drawing up a plan (in particular, a sequence of events), we remember that the story consists from:

• introductions (main persons, location, time, weather, etc.);
• primary action (i.e. what started it),
• plot development (what events lead to the climax),
• climax of history (turning point in history),
• concluding action
• resolution (the central conflict may or may not be resolved).

This order may be violated. For example, you can start the story with a climax or omit the concluding action. But they say correctly: before breaking the rules, it is important to study them thoroughly.

That's what we do. See you!

Today's topic directly relates to the topic of the blog. Namely, - how to work with a book.

It’s no secret that quite often you read something and immediately forget it. Either immediately or a little later. All attempts to remember what I read about end in vain.

Why does this happen?

There are several reasons:

— the unsystematic nature of our reading. We read everything we come across, without pursuing a specific goal. “To be informed”, “to enjoy reading”, “to……”. New information there is simply nothing to grab onto, there is no information tree, which is what I wrote about

- our absent-mindedness and inattention. We read and think about something of our own. I even wrote a book about attention.

- incorrect reading. This is closer to our topic. After all, we all know how to read. That's what we think. Actually this is not true.

More often we only know how to put letters into words, words into sentences. Although when reading, for example, literary text– more important is the ability to create images from read words and sentences.

By the way, the images that we see from the TV screen are ready-made images that the brain simply reads without doing any work. Therefore, there is little benefit for mental development. The brain must create images itself, then it develops, and this happens precisely when reading.

What a pity it can be when, after reading something fascinating, you forget after a few days - both the names of the characters and what was said in the book.

I wrote about one method to avoid this in the article “”.

Today we’ll look at another way. It is quite applicable to any textual information, including non-fiction.

What is important when reading non-fiction text?

It is important to understand the structure of what you read: the individual blocks and the central idea that unites these blocks.

Making a plan can help with this. We'll talk about it below.

Psychology suggests that what is written down is more complete and better absorbed and promotes memorization. The absorption rate will be higher if you read 1,000 words and then summarize it in 50 words. Collapsing information is a necessary skill when there is a lot of information.

You can collapse information into a plan. Although there are many other ways of writing, as I wrote about in my articles:

The easiest way is to make a plan for the book you read. This technique will help you better understand and assimilate what you read.

Why is this happening?

Because mental activity is involved. We mentally process the text, try to understand its structure, so that we can then put it on paper. We think, we tense up, and this affects understanding and memorization.

What is an outline for a book or article?

This is a list of main thoughts, arranged in a sequence reflecting the logic of what the author is talking about.

The plan can be simple or complex.

Simple, consists of main points.
I.
II.
III.

Difficult, also includes subparagraphs. It reveals the content of the text more when one thought is revealed through several others, separated into subparagraphs:
I.
1)
2)
II.
1)
2)

The plan helps you develop the ability to take concise notes, express your thoughts, and also quickly recall what you have read.

For information: I will only say that in addition to the simple and complex type There are also the following types of plans: question-based, nominative, thesis, plan - reference diagram, combined. But we will focus on the simplest types.

How to make a plan?

To make a plan, you need to consistently ask yourself while reading the question “what is being said here?” And then, with the help of this question, identify the main thoughts and write them down in the form of plan points.

General approach:

1. You need to read the text.

2. Divide the text into parts and highlight the main ideas in these parts.

3. These thoughts will serve as the headings of the plan.

4. Check whether all the main ideas are included in the plan. To do this, go through the text again.

I note that the plan does not convey the actual content of the text, but only indicates it. But when understanding the essence of the content, this is enough to restore individual details from memory.

Two points are significant:

1. Analysis of the text and highlighting the main parts.
2. Finding out the main thought/idea in each part.

The following skills are useful here:
- the ability to highlight the essential and not confuse it with the secondary.
- the ability to express thoughts in your own words.

Writing a story plan is a mandatory element of school education. It's hard to write without a good plan good story, so you need to figure out how to write a story plan correctly. Drawing up a story plan If you decide to start writing your own literary work, then first of all, you need to organize your ideas. Remember to write down all information relevant to your work. It is difficult to retain a lot of information in your head, and it is even more difficult not to get confused in it. Decide on the theme of the story. Think about what subtopics you want to cover in your work. Make a list of characters: their names, occupations, features of appearance and character, relationships with each other . For each hero you need to prepare brief description. The list of characteristics should resemble the one that precedes the plays, for example, Igor Ignatievich, landowner, 48 years old. Married to Natalya Igorevna. Loves hunting. After the shocks experienced during the war, he stutters. Starting from the main subtopics, write a detailed plan for the story. It should include not only the main points, but also sub-points of the second and third levels. To make your work easier, immediately write down the approximate volume of each part. The plan must be harmonious, its parts are interconnected in a logical sequence. Work it through carefully, then further work will be easier and the result will be of better quality. A good plan should concisely and accurately convey the content of the story. While writing the story, try not to “lose” your characters and bring storyline each of them up to logical conclusion. One of the main keys to the success of writing a story is a successful climax and denouement. After all, they are the ones that remain in the reader’s memory after finishing reading the work. After work on the plan is completed, you need to carefully check your plan (and subsequently the story) for various types of errors. Plan of the finished text Drawing up a plan is an essential component of analyzing what has already been written story. It helps to remember the content of the work, structure its events in a logical sequence, determine the relationship between individual parts. First, read the story, determine its main theme, highlight the names of the main characters. Divide the text into four parts: plot development; climax; denouement. These points will be the backbone of your plan. If necessary, divide each of these parts into several smaller ones, noting in your mind or in the text the beginning of each of them. Re-read the first part. Give it a title. The name should be concise and succinct. Try to convey the essence of this fragment of the story in one sentence. Do the same procedures with other parts. Types of plans Sometimes a task requires you to make a plan certain type. In order to cope with this, you need to familiarize yourself with the main four types of plans: question. Each point of the plan is a question, the answer to which conveys the essence of this fragment (Where did Taras go after school?); thesis. The content of the paragraph is expressed through the theses of the verbal structure - a brief formulation of the main position of a specific part, containing verbs (Taras went to the stadium); nominative. A plan of theses that are expressed by nouns (Taras at the stadium); a plan-supporting diagram. This plan consists of fragments of sentences that carry the main semantic load (Plan of Taras - going to the stadium); combined. Such a plan may contain several different types plans. Text composition When drawing up a story plan, you should adhere to the classical composition: Introduction - in this section it is necessary to acquaint the reader with the place and time of action, as well as some of the key characters. Plot - describe the event that led to further development stories. The development of actions is the largest part of the story. The climax is the highest point in the development of events. The denouement is the conclusion that tells how their actions turned out for the heroes. As you can see, the ability to competently draw up a plan is an indispensable skill when analyzing and memorizing texts. Writing a good story will not be easy unless its structure is clearly and logically laid out in the form of a list of points and sub-points.