Memory - arguments. The theme of memory in works about the Great Patriotic War “Pain calls out to people...”

IN this material We focused the reader’s attention on the main problems raised in the texts on the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. Arguments illustrating these problems are found under the appropriate headings. You can also download a table with all these examples at the end of the article.

IN stories by V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera" the author touches on a very important problem for the whole society of conservation natural heritage. The writer notes that without knowledge of the past it is impossible to build a worthy future. Nature is also memory, our history. Thus, the death of the island of Matera and the small village of the same name caused the loss of memory of wonderful days life in this area, its former inhabitants... Unfortunately, only the older generation, for example, the main character Daria Pinigina, understood that Matera is not just an island, it is a connection with the past, the memory of our ancestors. When Matera disappeared under the waters of the raging Angara, and the last inhabitant left this place, the memory died.
History of heroes science fiction story American writer Ray Bradbury "A Sound of Thunder" is also confirmation that nature is part of our general history. Nature, time and memory - all these concepts are intertwined together, and this is emphasized by the science fiction writer. The death of a small creature, a butterfly, caused the death of the future of the whole world. Intervention in life wildlife the prehistoric past was very costly for the inhabitants of planet Earth. Thus, the problem of preserving natural heritage in the story of Ray Bradbury "And a Sound of Thunder" is raised so that people think about the value environment, because it is inextricably linked with the history of mankind.

Preservation of cultural heritage

In the book of a Soviet and Russian philologist and culturologist D.S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful” the problem of conservation is revealed cultural heritage. The author makes his readers think about what cultural monuments mean to people. Doctor of Philological Sciences reminds us that, unlike natural objects, architectural structures are not capable of self-healing. He encourages everyone to take an active part in preserving the memory frozen in clay and plaster. In his opinion, no one should reject the culture of the past, since it is the foundation of our future. This statement should convince every caring person to try to solve the problem of preserving cultural heritage posed by D.S. Likhachev.
IN novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" one of the main characters, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, is confident that culture is irreplaceable in people's lives. The author is trying to convey through this hero the idea of the importance of cultural heritage not only to the nihilist Evgeniy Bazarov, but also to all readers. Without the healing influence of art, Evgeny, for example, could not understand himself and realize in time that he was a romantic and also needed warmth and affection. It is the spiritual sphere that helps us to know ourselves, so we cannot deny it. Music, art, literature makes a person noble, morally beautiful, therefore it is necessary to take care of the preservation of cultural monuments.

Memory problem in family relationships

In the story by K.N. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya long years she forgot about her mother, did not come, did not visit. She justified herself by being busy every day, but no matter could compare in importance to her own mother. Story main character is given by the author as an edification to the reader: the care and love of parents should not be forgotten by children, because one day it will be too late to repay them in kind. This happened with Nastya. Only after the death of her mother did the girl realize that she had devoted very little time to the one who protected her sleep at the crib.
The words of parents and their instructions are sometimes remembered by children for many years and even for life. So, main characterstories by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter» , Pyotr Grinev, very clearly understood for himself the simple truth of his father, “take care of your honor from a young age.” Thanks to his parents and their instructions, the hero never gave up, did not blame anyone for his problems, and accepted defeats with honor and dignity if life demanded it. The memory of his parents was something sacred for Pyotr Grinev. He respected their opinion, tried to justify their trust in himself, which later helped him become happy and free.

The problem of historical memory

In the novel by B. L. Vasiliev “Not on the lists” the main character had not yet had time to check in at the combat post when the bloody Second World War began World War. He put all his youth into defense Brest Fortress, during which everyone died. Even when left alone, he never ceased to terrify the invaders with his nightly forays. When Pluzhnikov was caught, the enemies saluted him, as the Soviet soldier amazed them with his courage. But the title of the novel tells us that many such nameless heroes were lost in the hustle and bustle of the days when they simply did not have time to be added to the next list. But how much have they, unrecognized and forgotten, done for us? In order for us to at least preserve this in our memory, the author dedicated an entire work to the feat of Nikolai Pluzhnikov, which thereby became a monument to military glory on a mass grave.
In Aldous Huxley's dystopia "O Wonderful new world» describes a society that denies its history. As we see, their ideal life, unclouded by memories, has become only a cloying and meaningless semblance of real life. They have no feelings and emotions, family and marriage, friendship and other values that define personality. All new people are dummies, existing according to the laws of reflexes and instincts, primitive creatures. Against their background, the Savage stands out favorably, whose upbringing was built on connections with the achievements and defeats of past eras. That is why his individuality is undeniable. Only historical memory, expressed in the continuity of generations, allows us to develop harmoniously.

Good day, dear friends. In this article we offer an essay on the topic "".

The following arguments will be used:
– B. L. Vasiliev, “Exhibit No.”
– V.S. Vysotsky, “Buried in our memory for centuries...”

Our life consists of present moments, plans for the future and memories of the past, of what we have already experienced. We are accustomed to preserving pictures of the past, to feel those emotions and feelings, this is how our consciousness works. Usually we remember the brightest memories, those that caused us a storm of positive experiences, in addition, we remember the information we need. But there are also unpleasant moments when memory fails us, or in the most vivid images we remember something that we would like to forget. One way or another, memory is our value; plunging into the past years, we relive events dear to us, and also think about the mistakes we have made in order to prevent similar things in the future.

In B. L. Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No.,” the thread connecting Anna Fedorovna with her son is the memory of him. The only one dear person The woman goes to war, promising to return, which is not destined to come true. Having received a single letter from Igor’s son, the next thing the woman reads is the news of his death. For three days the inconsolable mother cannot calm down and stop crying. Mourns young guy and the entire communal apartment in which he lived with his mother, everyone who accompanied him to last way. A week later, the funeral came, after which Anna Feodorovna “stopped screaming and crying forever.”

Having changed jobs, a single woman shares food cards and money with five families in an apartment orphaned by a terrible war. Every evening Anna Fedorovna follows her established ritual: she rereads the letters she has received. Over time, the paper wears out, and the woman makes copies, and carefully stores the originals in a box with her son’s things. For the anniversary of the Victory, they show a military chronicle; Anna Fedorovna has never watched it, but that evening her gaze still falls on the screen. Having decided that the boy’s back that flashed on the screen belongs to her Igor, she has not looked away from the TV since then. The hope of seeing her son takes away the sight of an aged woman. She begins to go blind and reading her cherished letters becomes impossible.

On her eightieth birthday, Anna Fedorovna is happy, surrounded by people who remembered Igor. Soon the next anniversary of the Victory will pass and pioneers come to the old woman, they ask to show her dear letters. One of the girls demands to give them for school museum, which causes hostility on the part of the orphaned mother. But after she drove away the assertive pioneers, the letters were not found on the spot: taking advantage of the old woman’s venerable age and blindness, the children stole them. They took her from the box and from her soul. Tears continuously flowed down the cheeks of the desperate mother - this time her Igor died forever, she could no longer hear his voice. Anna Feodorovna could not survive this blow, tears still slowly flowed down her wrinkled cheeks, although her body became lifeless. And the place for the letters was a desk drawer in the storeroom of the school museum.

In Vladimir Vysotsky’s poem “Buried in our memory for centuries...” the poet compares a person’s memory to a fragile clay vessel and calls for a careful relationship with the past. Events, dates, and faces that are so important to us are buried in our memory for centuries, and attempts to remember are not always crowned with success.

Vladimir Semenovich cites as an example memories of the war, the fact that a sapper can only make a mistake once. After such a disastrous mistake, some people are reluctant to remember the person, while others don’t even want to remember at all. The same thing happens in our lives in general: some people constantly delve into the past, while others prefer not to return to it. The past years become an old warehouse of our experiences, thoughts, emotions and scraps past life that we don't want to dig up. It is very easy to get lost in all this, and even easier to make a mistake. Is our old times like a labyrinth: to understand it, we need pointers, because the “flow of years” mixes up our memories, erases them.

Just like in war, there are “mines” in our memories – the most unpleasant memories and misdeeds, everything that we want to put in the “shadow” and forget. The solution to this is to prevent errors so that they cannot cause “harm” over time.

To summarize, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of memory in our lives, its enormous importance. We must cherish what is preserved in our memories: our experiences, happy moments and moments of despair, everything we have experienced. We should not consign the past to oblivion, because by losing it, a person loses a part of himself.

Today we talked about the topic “ The problem of memory: arguments from literature“. This option you can use to prepare for the Unified State Exam.

When they say “The Great Patriotic War,” a picture of battles and fierce battles appears before me; pain – physical from wounds, and mental, which torments people who lost their loved ones at that time. But what does war mean to modern society? How do they treat current people to veterans, to the memory of great battles and universal heroes? This is exactly what L. Matros makes the reader think about with his text.
Speaking about this problem, the author regretfully admits that the war years are fading into the distance from the memory of modern times and “in the external attributes Everyday life“Everything that reminds of her gradually disappears.” And he is right, because a new generation is growing up, which, alas, is not interested in “problems of the past”; they are much more interested in thinking about today. Increasingly, we are faced with a situation where for the modern generation the Great Patriotic War is becoming just an echo from the past, which is mentioned in history textbooks. It’s not for nothing that Sailor considers the topic of victory especially relevant these days, because a great victory showed “how powerful and invincible the people of the Earth are when they are guided by the wisdom of finding ways to unite the forces of good and humanism against evil and misanthropy.”
I completely share the author’s view, his pain is close to me. I also believe that the topic of folk memory is very relevant at the present time, when in the world we are faced with big amount troubles. Based on this, I believe that it is impossible to educate a full-fledged person without teaching him to respect his ancestors and the history of the country
The Great Patriotic War created an entire poetic anthology of the era. The importance of people's memory has been emphasized more than once in the works of talented writers. In this way they showed us that these events are sacred for the entire people. We must remember those who died and treat veterans with respect.
Let us recall, at least, “Obelisk” by Vasil Bykov, where the feat of the teacher, shot by the Nazis, was not forgotten.
Also, for example, one can recall Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”.
Speaking about this work, one cannot ignore such concepts as courage, honor, courage and courage. It was these qualities that the main character of the story possessed. Sashka. Although this hero is still very young, he takes his profession very seriously.
The events of those years leave no one indifferent. And it is very valuable that over time we do not turn into mankurt slaves from famous legend who do not remember their past.
The main thing is to remember the truly great words of A.S. Pushkin: “Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes education from savagery.”

It is in the past that a person finds a source for the formation of consciousness, the search for his place in the surrounding world and society. With memory loss, all social connections are lost. She is certain life experience, awareness of the events experienced.

What is historical memory

It involves the preservation of historical and social experience. It directly depends on how carefully traditions are treated in a family, city, or country. Essays on this issue are often found in test tasks in literature in 11th grade. Let us also pay a little attention to this issue.

The sequence of formation of historical memory

Historical memory has several stages of formation. After some time, people forget about the events that happened. Life constantly presents new episodes filled with emotions and unusual impressions. In addition, often in articles and fiction events of long past years are distorted, the authors not only change their meaning, but also make changes to the course of the battle and the disposition of forces. The problem of historical memory appears. Each author brings his own arguments from life, taking into account his personal vision of the historical past being described. Thanks to different interpretations of one event, ordinary people have the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Of course, to substantiate your idea, you will need arguments. The problem of historical memory exists in a society deprived of freedom of speech. Total censorship leads to distortion real events, presenting them to the wider population only from the right perspective. True memory can live and develop only in a democratic society. In order for information to pass on to next generations without visible distortion, it is important to be able to compare events that occur in real time with facts from a past life.

Conditions for the formation of historical memory

Arguments on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory” can be found in many classic works. In order for society to develop, it is important to analyze the experience of ancestors, to “work on mistakes”, to use the rational grain that past generations had.

“Black boards” by V. Soloukhin

What is the main problem of historical memory? We will consider arguments from literature using the example of this work. The author talks about the looting of a church in his native village. Unique books are sold as waste paper, and boxes are made from priceless icons. A carpentry workshop is being organized right in the church in Stavrovo. In another one they are opening a machine and tractor station. Trucks and caterpillar tractors come here and store barrels of fuel. The author bitterly says that neither a cowshed nor a crane can replace the Moscow Kremlin. It is impossible to locate a holiday home in a monastery building in which the graves of relatives of Pushkin and Tolstoy are located. The work raises the problem of preserving historical memory. The arguments given by the author are indisputable. Not to those who died, lie under gravestones, we need memory, but the living!

Article by D. S. Likhachev

In his article “Love, Respect, Knowledge,” the academician raises the topic of desecration of a national shrine, namely, he talks about the explosion of the monument to Bagration, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Likhachev raises the problem of the historical memory of the people. The arguments given by the author relate to vandalism in relation to this work art. After all, the monument was the gratitude of the people to their Georgian brother, who courageously fought for the independence of Russia. Who could destroy the cast iron monument? Only those who have no idea about the history of their country do not love their Motherland and are not proud of their Fatherland.

Views on patriotism

What other arguments can be given? The problem of historical memory is raised in “Letters from the Russian Museum,” authored by V. Soloukhin. He says that by cutting off one’s own roots, trying to absorb a foreign, alien culture, a person loses his individuality. This Russian argument about the problems of historical memory is also supported by other Russian patriots. Likhachev developed a “Declaration of Culture”, in which the author calls for the protection and support cultural traditions on the international level. The scientist emphasizes that without citizens’ knowledge of the culture of the past and present, the state will have no future. It is in the “spiritual security” of the nation that national existence lies. There must be interaction between external and internal culture; only in this case will society rise through the stages of historical development.

The problem of historical memory in literature of the 20th century

In the literature of the last century, the central place was occupied by the issue of responsibility for the terrible consequences of the past, and the problem of historical memory was present in the works of many authors. Arguments from the literature serve as direct proof of this. For example, A. T. Tvardovsky called in his poem “By Right of Memory” to rethink the sad experience of totalitarianism. Anna Akhmatova did not avoid this problem in the famous “Requiem”. She reveals all the injustice and lawlessness that reigned in society at that time, and gives weighty arguments. The problem of historical memory can also be traced in the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” contains a verdict state system a time in which lies and injustice became priorities.

Careful attitude towards cultural heritage

The center of general attention is issues related to the preservation of ancient monuments. In the harsh post-revolutionary period, characterized by a change political system, there was a widespread destruction of former values. Russian intellectuals tried by any means to preserve the country's cultural relics. D. S. Likhachev opposed the development of Nevsky Prospekt with standard multi-storey buildings. What other arguments can be given? The problem of historical memory was also raised by Russian filmmakers. With the funds they collected, they managed to restore Kuskovo. What is the problem of historical memory of the war? Arguments from the literature indicate that this issue has been relevant at all times. A.S. Pushkin said that “disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality.”

The theme of war in historical memory

What is historical memory? An essay on this topic can be written based on the work of Chingiz Aitmatov “Stormy Station”. His hero Mankurt is a man who was forcibly deprived of his memory. He has become a slave who has no past. Mankurt does not remember either his name or his parents, that is, it is difficult for him to recognize himself as a human being. The writer warns that such a creature is dangerous for social society.

Before Victory Day, questions were held among young people regarding the start and end dates of the Great Patriotic War, important battles, and military leaders. The answers received were disappointing. Many guys have no idea about the start date of the war, or about the enemy of the USSR, they have never heard of G.K. Zhukov, Battle of Stalingrad. The survey showed how relevant the problem of historical memory of the war is. The arguments put forward by the “reformers” of the history course curriculum at school, who have reduced the number of hours allocated to studying the Great Patriotic War, are related to the overload of students.

This approach led to the fact that modern generation forgets the past, therefore important dates the country's history will not be passed on to the next generation. If you do not respect your history, do not honor your own ancestors, historical memory is lost. Essay for success passing the Unified State Exam can be argued with the words of the Russian classic A.P. Chekhov. He noted that for freedom a person needs everything Earth. But without a goal, his existence will be absolutely meaningless. When considering arguments to the problem of historical memory (USE), it is important to note that there are false goals that do not create, but destroy. For example, the hero of the story “Gooseberry” dreamed of buying his own estate and planting gooseberries there. The goal he set completely absorbed him. But, having reached it, he lost his human appearance. The author notes that his hero “has become plump, flabby... - and just look, he’ll grunt into the blanket.”

I. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” shows the fate of a man who served false values. The hero worshiped wealth as a god. After the death of the American millionaire, it turned out that real happiness passed him by.

I. A. Goncharov managed to show the search for the meaning of life, the awareness of connections with ancestors in the image of Oblomov. He dreamed of making his life different, but his desires were not translated into reality, he did not have enough strength.

When writing an essay on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory of War” for the Unified State Exam, arguments can be cited from Nekrasov’s work “In the Trenches of Stalingrad.” The author shows real life“penalties” who are ready to defend the independence of their Fatherland at the cost of their lives.

Arguments for composing the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

In order to get a good score for an essay, a graduate must argue his position using literary works. In M. Gorky’s play “At the Depths,” the author demonstrated the problem of “former” people who have lost the strength to fight for their interests. They realize that it is impossible to live the way they are, and something needs to be changed, but they do not plan to do anything for this. The action of this work begins in a rooming house and ends there. There is no talk of any memory or pride in one’s ancestors; the characters in the play don’t even think about it.

Some try to talk about patriotism while lying on the sofa, while others, sparing no effort and time, bring real benefits to their country. When discussing historical memory, one cannot ignore M. Sholokhov’s amazing story “The Fate of a Man.” It talks about tragic fate a simple soldier who lost his relatives during the war. Having met an orphan boy, he calls himself his father. What does this action indicate? A common person, who has gone through the pain of loss, is trying to resist fate. His love has not faded away, and he wants to give it to him little boy. It is the desire to do good that gives a soldier the strength to live, no matter what. The hero of Chekhov's story “The Man in a Case” talks about “people satisfied with themselves.” Having petty proprietary interests, trying to distance themselves from other people's troubles, they are absolutely indifferent to the problems of other people. The author notes the spiritual impoverishment of the heroes, who imagine themselves to be “masters of life,” but in reality are ordinary bourgeois. They have no real friends, they are only interested in their own well-being. Mutual assistance, responsibility for another person is clearly expressed in the work of B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”. All of Captain Vaskov’s wards not only fight together for the freedom of the Motherland, they live according to human laws. In Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead, Sintsov carries his comrade from the battlefield. All the arguments given from various help to understand the essence of historical memory, the importance of the possibility of its preservation and transmission to other generations.

Conclusion

When congratulating you on any holiday, wishes for a peaceful sky above your head are heard. What does this indicate? That the historical memory of severe trials war is passed down from generation to generation. War! There are only five letters in this word, but an immediate association arises with suffering, tears, a sea of blood, and the death of loved ones. Wars on the planet, unfortunately, have always taken place. The groans of women, the cries of children, the echoes of war should be familiar to the younger generation feature films, literary works. We must not forget about the terrible trials that befell the Russian people. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. To keep the historical memory of those events alive, Russian writers tried to convey the features of that era in their works. Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” showed the patriotism of the people, their willingness to give their lives for the Fatherland. By reading poems, stories, and novels about the Guerrilla War, young Russians get the opportunity to “visit the battlefields” and feel the atmosphere that reigned at that time. historical period. IN " Sevastopol stories» Tolstoy talks about the heroism of Sevastopol in 1855. The events are described by the author so reliably that one gets the impression that he himself was an eyewitness to that battle. The courage of spirit, unique willpower, and amazing patriotism of the city’s residents are worthy of memory. Tolstoy associates war with violence, pain, dirt, suffering, and death. Describing the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, he emphasizes the strength of spirit of the Russian people. B. Vasiliev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov, others Soviet writers Many of his works were dedicated specifically to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. During this difficult period for the country, women worked and fought equally with men, even children did everything in their power.

At the cost of their lives, they tried to bring Victory closer and preserve the independence of the country. Historical memory helps keep in the smallest details information about the heroic feat of all soldiers and civilians. If the connection with the past is lost, the country will lose its independence. This cannot be allowed!

In this text, V. Astafiev raises an important moral problem, the problem of memory of the war.

The writer talks about the trepidation and caution with which his friend and he himself relate to the memory of “the greatest thing that happened in our lives.” The author condemns those who “earn their position and build a career by talking about war,” and cites the example of his friend, a participant in the war, who for a long time I did not dare to write about my experience, because “one cannot waste holy words in vain.”

V. Astafiev believes that the memory of fallen friends can be insulted by an awkward word, clumsy thoughts, “therefore, lying about the war, writing poorly about the suffering of the people is shameful.”

The poet Konstantin Simonov, who during the war years worked as a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper and was constantly in the active army, dedicated vivid lines to the problem of memory:

Don't forget about the soldiers

That they fought

with all his might,

They moaned in bandages in the medical battalions

And so they hoped for peace!

I am sure that none of those soldiers about whom K. Simonov wrote will ever be forgotten, and their feat will forever remain in the memory of posterity.

The problem of memory of the war also arises in modern cinema. Not so long ago, Ivan Shurkhovetsky’s science fiction film “Fog” was released. The main characters are young soldiers of the 21st century, who were making a forced march and decided to take a shortcut, find themselves in a strong fog and, emerging from it, find themselves in 1941, in the midst of the war. Having returned to their time, young people understand how important the memory of those terrible days.

Thus, I can say with confidence: the memory of the war will forever remain in human hearts, we will always honor those who won a great Victory for the world.

P. S. Based on the collection by N. A. Senina 2013, pp. 322-323

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