Yesenin wrote the poem “Birch” as a memory of his childhood - just such a beauty grew in front of his house in the Ryazan province. Brief Analysis“Birch” according to the plan can be used in a literature lesson in the 5th grade, so that students better understand the essence of the work and feel its emotional mood.
Brief Analysis
History of creation- the poem was written by eighteen-year-old Yesenin in 1913, being part of his early creative heritage.
Subject– the beauty of the symbol of Russia, which is beautiful regardless of the time of year.
Composition– simple, one-part, developing linearly.
Genre- landscape lyrics.
Poetic size- trimeter trochee with pyrrhic.
Epithets – “white birch”, “fluffy branches”, “snow border”, “white fringe”, “sleepy silence”, “golden fire”, “new silver”.
Metaphors – “the birch tree is covered with snow”, “the brushes have blossomed”, “snowflakes are burning”, “the dawn is going around”.
Comparison – “snow is like silver.”
History of creation
By 1913, when this poem was written, eighteen-year-old Yesenin had already left his native place for Moscow. But its creation history is connected not with the capital of Russia, but with the Ryazan province. Near the house where the poet was born and raised, a snow-white beauty grew up, so he could observe the change in her images at different times of the year.
Despite the fact that Moscow really impressed Yesenin, who fell in love with both its size and its bustle, it was his native village of Konstantinovo that would forever remain associated with him not only with home, but also with the concept of beauty. It was this idea that the poet embodied in the poem “Birch”.
It was first presented to readers in 1914 in the literary magazine Mirok, popular before the revolution, and signed with the pseudonym “Aristan,” which Yesenin used at that time.
Subject
The beauty of the birch not only as a symbol of Russia, but also as a part of nature, as the embodiment of the exciting memories of Yesenin’s childhood. For some this is an ordinary tree, but main character, who “voices” the poet’s thoughts, perceives him as the embodiment of everything beautiful that happens in the world around him. At the same time, the poem does not simply express the feelings of its author - it was created with the expectation of evoking reciprocal emotions in the reader.
It’s impossible not to notice that “Birch” has become a unique farewell letter to their native places - the poet yearns for them, realizing that he will not be able to return soon.
Composition
Thanks to the most simple linear composition, developing from the first stanza to the last, in this four-stanza poem Yesenin was able to clearly and at the same time beautifully express main idea: Russian nature is beautiful at any time of the year, just as beautiful is the birch tree, the symbol of the country.
In the first stanza, he draws a picture of a tree covered with snow, revealing this image in the second and third stanzas, where he compares its snowy decoration with white fringe and talks about snowflakes burning in the sleepy silence. The fourth stanza completes the work and symbolically shows the eternal natural cycle.
Genre
This verse is a classic example of landscape lyricism, which prevails in creative heritage Yesenina. Some researchers also interpret it as a figurative and philosophical work, citing the fact that the poet considered himself in some way a pagan, so for him the birch was not just a memory tree, it also symbolized rebirth and purity of the spirit.
Yesenin used trochaic trimeter with pyrrhic for the verse. This almost deliberate simplicity echoes the theme of the work: such a simple and beautiful tree as a birch cannot be written in a tricky size, it does not suit it. Pyrrhichius makes the sound of the poem smoother.
The alternation of male and female rhyme also gives the poetic narrative fluidity, and the ring rhyme also performs the same function.
Means of expression
In this poem Yesenin does not use any complex artistic means. Simplicity makes the images he created as expressive and voluminous as possible. Help to achieve this effect:
- Epithets– “white birch”, “fluffy branches”, “snow border”, “white fringe”, “sleepy silence”, “golden fire”, “new silver”.
- Metaphors- “the birch tree is covered with snow”, “the brushes have blossomed”, “snowflakes are burning”, “the dawn is going around”.
- Comparison- “snow is like silver.”
Moreover, the poet uses personification: Birch is considered by him as a sleeping beauty. That is, Yesenin embodies in it the classical female images, close to the Russian person - not only the Motherland, but also mother, sister, lover. The created image is also a clear reference to famous fairy tale about the sleeping princess.
At the same time, each reader can create own image birches - the freedom of Yesenin’s poem allows this to be done without imposing any dominant concepts.
What is Russia most often associated with in the perception of most people? Can be called different symbols. Foreigners will definitely remember vodka, matryoshka and balalaika. And even the bears that supposedly walk along our streets. But for a Russian person, the birch tree will undoubtedly be the closest. After all, it is the birch tree that is most pleasant to meet, “returning from distant wanderings.” After exotic trees, spreading palm trees and suffocating-smelling tropical plants, it is so pleasant to touch the cool white bark and breathe in the fresh smell of birch branches.
It is not for nothing that the birch tree was sung by almost all Russian poets. A. Fet, N. Rubtsov, A. Dementiev wrote about her. Songs, legends, tales were written about her. Time passed, power changed and political system, wars passed, mounds grew on former fields battles, and the birch tree has pleased hundreds of years with its bright face and continues to do so. “I love the Russian birch tree, sometimes bright, sometimes sad...” - the Russian Soviet poet Alexander Prokofiev wrote so simply and at the same time passionately about this most important symbol of Russia.
The remarkable 20th century lyricist Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin also contributed to the collection of works about birch. Growing up in the Ryazan province, in the village of Konstantinovo, in an ordinary peasant family, Sergei saw birch trees under the windows of his home from childhood. By the way, they are still growing, having outlived the poet by almost a hundred years.
Poem by Sergei Yesenin « White birch» , at first glance, seems straightforward. Probably because of this apparent simplicity, everyone teaches it, starting with kindergarten. Indeed, only four quatrains, trochee tetrameter, no tricky, incomprehensible metaphors- this is what makes the perception of this poem so simplified.
But if we remember that any lyrical work designed not only to express the poet's feelings, but also to evoke a reciprocal emotional response from the reader, it becomes clear why this poem, written a century ago (in 1913), is still so familiar to many lovers and connoisseurs of Russian poetry.
The Yesenin birch appears in the form of a sleeping beauty:
Covered with snow
Exactly silver.
The personification used by the poet allows the reader to notice that the birch tree itself was covered with snow, and not the frost used its power. That's why brushes "blossomed with white fringe" yourself too. And here it is, a bright image - a beauty resting "in sleepy silence", and a rich beauty: after all, she covered herself with snow, "like silver", the tassels are decorated with white fringe, which was used only by representatives of high society, and the snowflakes in the birch dress are burning "in golden fire".
Of course, a Russian person who grew up on fairy tales about a princess sleeping in a crystal coffin will invariably imagine only such an image when reading this analysis of the poem. This drowsiness is explained by the time of year, because in winter all the trees “sleep”. Even the dawn appears slowly, as if afraid to disturb the peace of the Russian beauty:
And the dawn is lazy
Walking around
Sprinkles branches
New silver.
But Yesenin’s “sleepy birch trees” will appear in another work written a year later - in the poem “Good Morning!” . Here it is much more difficult to understand why, in the midst of summer, birch trees are also like a dream.
“We all come from childhood,” asserted French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Perhaps, watching the birch tree all my childhood "under your window", Seryozha Yesenin created one for himself image of a birch, which he carried through all his work and his entire short life.
Researchers of Yesenin’s work once calculated that 22 names of different trees appeared in his works. Probably, the poet himself did not think about this when he created his lyrical masterpieces. But for some reason, it was the birches that formed for him the very “land of birch chintz” that he left so early.
- “I left my home…”, analysis of Yesenin’s poem
- “You are my Shagane, Shagane!..”, analysis of Yesenin’s poem, essay
- “Letter to a Woman”, analysis of Yesenin’s poem
analysis of Yesenin's poem white birch
- The poem refers to the lyrics of 1910-1913. , period difficult life poet, when he wrote more than 60 poems. It is the poet's first published poem (1914, under the pseudonym Ariston, magazine for children's reading Mirok).
The main theme is to show the beauty of winter birch. Yesenin's stanza is a description of a winter birch with its inherent Russian signs and many subject details. The poem conveys a patriotic feeling of love for the Motherland, its modest, outwardly unassuming nature. The feeling of the Motherland is fundamental in all of Yesenin’s work. The nature glorified here is humanized: it breathes, moves, and grieves like a person. The birch tree, traditionally sung in oral folk art, is pervasive in the poet’s work. The author uses syllabic-tonic versification. We can assume the presence here of two-syllable feet, iambic meter. Further analyzing this poem, one notices precise (window - silver) rhymes, as well as unequal rhymes (circle - silver), open (fire - silence) and closed (border - fringe), masculine (silence - fire), but they are all crossed (abab). In terms of the number of stanzas, the poem is a quatrain.
The main image of the work is a winter birch (character image). The poet animates her with the image of a woman. Also noticeable in the poem is the image of winter - a synonym for death and mortal melancholy in the poet’s work. Yesenin wanted to show the sadness of female decline.
Yesenin sees the birch sharply, in certain lighting. As a result, one image associatively gives rise to another. The words forming the lines, taken individually, are not figurative. But, organized in a certain way, they create a poetic, figurative text and themselves become figurative. The poem belongs to landscape lyrics. Contains mostly common words, but under the poet's pen they are emotionally effective. He has an amazingly keen and acutely keen view of nature. Based on the perfection of linguistic form, harmony of content and form, clarity, clarity, conciseness, grace, simplicity and harmony of verbal expression, it can be argued that the aesthetic function of language is manifested here.
The poem is multicolored. It contains both the poet’s favorite colors (white, silver), which convey a joyful, fresh, elegiac and pensive perception of the world, and gold - a symbol of the bright, but already fading colors of autumn. Also striking is the play of colors, their subtle nuances, the transition of one color to another, their mixing and the formation of a new color based on them. Yesenin, when painting pictures of nature, always names the colors in which it is painted. He does this so that readers can better imagine what he writes about. Yesenin compares the snow-covered tassels of birch branches with white fringe. The poet twice compares snow with silver, but at the same time uses different primaries: in the first stanza, when the birch tree is covered with snow, as if with silver, there is a comparison, and in the last lines of the poem, when the dawn sprinkles the branches with new silver, there is also a comparison, but it is, as it were, hidden . The poet does not say that the dawn sprinkles the branches with snow, as if with silver. He immediately calls snow silver, hoping for our insight. This hidden comparison is a metaphor. The poet writes that snowflakes burn in golden fire. The word burn is used here in a figurative sense. This word is often used figuratively. We say, for example, the eyes are burning. Snowflakes, of course, cannot burn like firewood. And by the expression golden fire, the poet means the light of dawn. In winter, the sky is not lit up as brightly as in summer. The birch tree stands for a long time in sleepy silence - from dawn to evening. This is exactly how, it seems to us, we need to understand words - going around. First the dawn was in the east, and then in the west. Yesenin also calls the dawn lazy, this is because in winter the dawn begins later than in summer, as if he is lazy to get up early. And it doesn’t burn as brightly as in summer, as if it were too lazy to illuminate the sky. Despite the small volume of the work, its language is rich and national. - THE BIRCH EMBODISHES THE RUSSIAN BEAUTY
- Well, that’s it, details that will be a little useful to you))))
The author will convey the amazing beauty of birch, the symbol of Rus'.1. White - keyword(white angel, white church, white Rus', white clothes).
Even as a child, in the Ryazan province, running through the fields, riding a horse, swimming in the Oka, the future poet realized how beautiful the Russian land is. He loved his region, his country and glorified it in his works brightly, colorfully, using various means of expression.
The author has a special relationship with the birch tree. This character, sung by Sergei Alexandrovich many times, is shown in various works, in different time year, with different moods of both the lyrical hero and the tree itself. Yesenin literally breathed in the soul, and seemed to humanize the birch, making it a symbol of Russian nature. The Yesenin birch tree is a symbol of femininity, grace, and playfulness.
The history of the creation of the poem “Birch”
The beautiful and lyrical poetic work “Birch” belongs to poetry early period creativity, when a very young Ryazan guy, who was barely nineteen years old, was just beginning to enter the world of literature. He worked at that time under a pseudonym, so for a long time no one guessed that this delightful work belonged to Sergei Alexandrovich.
Simple in imagery, but very impressive, the poem “Birch” was written by the poet in 1913, when he was eighteen years old and it belongs to his very first works. It was created at the moment when the young man had already left his native and close to his heart corner, but his thoughts and memories constantly returned to his native places.
“Birch” was first published in the popular literary magazine “Mirok”. This happened on the eve of the revolutionary upheavals in the country, in 1914. At a time when no one has yet famous poet, worked under the pseudonym Ariston. So far these were Yesenin’s first poems, which would later become the standard for describing Russian nature in poetry.
Birch
White birch
Below my window
Covered with snow
Exactly silver.
On fluffy branches
Snow border
The brushes have blossomed
White fringe.
And the birch tree stands
In sleepy silence,
And the snowflakes are burning
In golden fire.
And the dawn is lazy
Walking around
Sprinkles branches
New silver.
The Power of a Poem
Yesenin's poem "Birch" is an example of skillful and skillful verbal drawing. The birch tree itself has always been a symbol of Russia. This is a Russian value, this is a folklore zest, this is a connection with the past and future. We can say that the work “Birch” is a lyrical hymn to the beauty and wealth of the entire Russian land.
The main topics that Yesenin describes include the following:
Theme of admiration.
The purity and femininity of this Russian wood.
Revival.
The birch tree in the poem looks like a Russian beauty: she is just as proud and elegant. All its splendor can be seen on a frosty day. After all, around this lovely tree there is a fascinating picturesque picture of Russian nature, which is especially beautiful on frosty days.
For Sergei, the birch tree is a symbol of rebirth. Researchers of Yesenin’s creativity argued that he took his talent and strength for writing his new poetic masterpieces precisely from memories from his childhood. The birch tree in Russian poetry has always been a symbol joyful life, it helped a person not only to console himself on difficult and sad days for him, but also allowed him to live in harmony with nature. Of course, the brilliant Russian poet knew oral folk art and remembered folklore parables that when things get difficult, difficult or disgusting in your soul, you just need to go to the birch tree. And this beautiful and gentle tree, having listened to all the experiences of a person, will ease his suffering. Only after a conversation with a birch tree, according to strange legends, a person’s soul becomes warm and light.
Artistic and expressive means
Admiring native nature In order to express all his love and admiration for her, Yesenin uses various artistic and expressive means:
★Epithets: golden fire, white birch, snowy border, sleepy silence.
★Metaphors: the birch tree is covered with snow, the border has blossomed with tassels, the snowflakes are burning in the fire, it goes around lazily, it sprinkles the branches.
★Comparisons: the birch tree was covered with snow “like silver.”
★Personification: “covered up” is a verb that has a reflexive suffix - s.
This use of artistic and expressive means allows us to emphasize beautiful image birch, its significance for the entire Russian people. The culmination of the entire work is achieved already in the third stanza, where each phrase contains some kind of means of expression. But critics of Yesenin’s work pay attention to the second line of this poem, where the space of the poet himself is indicated and limited. That is why the image of a birch is so close, understandable and familiar.
This poem was included in the very first cycle of Yesenin’s lyrics, which was written specifically for children and is educational in nature. This poem encourages and teaches children to love and admire their native nature, to notice its slightest changes and to be part of this big and beautiful world. Love to native land- this is the main idea of this Yesenin’s work, which is deep in content but small in volume. The division into stanzas in this work violates the usual traditional construction poetic texts, but due to its deep content the reader does not even notice this. The parallel rhyme makes it easy to read.
The style and syntax of Yesenin’s poetic creation is simple, which makes its content easy for any reader to understand. There is no clutter of consonants or vowels, there are no phonetic features that would make this poem difficult to understand. This allows us to achieve that even children younger age The plot of this poem is clear. The poet uses a two-syllable meter for his text. Thus, the entire text is written in trochee, which makes it easy to remember.
Analysis of the poem
It is known that Yesenin has pleasant, warm childhood memories associated with the beautiful birch tree. Even in early childhood, the little Ryazan boy Seryozha loved to watch how this tree was transformed in any weather conditions. He saw this tree as beautiful with green leaves that played merrily in the wind. I watched as it became naked, throwing off its autumn outfit, exposing its snow-white trunk. I watched the birch tree flutter in the autumn wind, and the last leaves fell to the ground. And so, with the arrival of winter, the dear birch tree put on a wonderful silver outfit. It is precisely because the birch tree is dear and beloved to the Ryazan poet himself, a part of his region and soul, that he dedicates his poetic creation to it.
Let us dwell in more detail on the image of the birch tree, which was created by Evenin with such tenderness and love. The description of this tree reveals the sadness and sadness of Sergei Alexandrovich himself. After all, now he is torn away from his native corner, and his wonderful childhood time will not return again. But the simplest and most unpretentious story about a birch tree also shows the skill of the future great poet, whose name will remain forever in the memory of the people. With pleasant and special grace, the poetic master describes the outfit of the Russian beauty. The winter dress of the birch tree, according to the poet, is woven from snow. But even Sergei Alexandrovich’s snow is unusual! It is fluffy, and silvery, and iridescent, and multi-colored. The poet repeatedly emphasizes that it burns and shimmers in a special way, as if it contains all the colors of the rainbow, which are now reflected in the morning dawn.
The poetic and pictorial master describes in detail the words and tree branches, which supposedly remind him of fringe tassels, but only it is snowy, sparkling and lovely. All the words that the poet chooses to describe are exquisite, and at the same time simple and understandable to everyone.
IN a simple poem Sergei Yesenin connected several at once poetic images: Homeland, mothers, girls. It’s as if he dressed his birch tree in women’s exclusive clothes and now rejoices at her coquetry. It seems that the poet himself is on the verge of discovering something new and mysterious in himself, something he has not yet explored, and therefore he associates love for a woman with a beautiful birch tree. Researchers of Yesenin’s work suggest that it was at this time that the poet fell in love for the first time.
Therefore, such a simple and seemingly so naive, at first glance, the poem “White Birch” evokes a huge range of the most different feelings: from admiration to melancholy sadness. It is clear that each reader of this poem draws his own image of a birch tree, to which he then addresses the beautiful lines of Yesenin’s work. “Birch” is a farewell message to his native places, to parental home, to a childhood that was so joyful and carefree.
With this poem, Yesenin opened his way into the world of poetry and literature. The path is short, but so bright and talented.
Composition
The great Russian poet Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin wrote a huge number of different wonderful works. Nose early childhood I love his poem “Birch” most of all. This work was written by the poet in 1913, when he was only eighteen years old. At this time Yesenin lived in Moscow, his native village of Konstantinovo was far behind, but young poet loyal to his homeland, he devotes many works to the beauty of nature.
The title of Yesenin’s poem “Birch”, it would seem, looks too simple, but this is not at all the case. The poet put in the title deep meaning. As for many others creative people, for Yesenin, birch is not just a tree, it is very symbolic. Firstly, the birch tree for Yesenin is a symbol of Russia, which he loved endlessly! Secondly, repeatedly in his work the poet compared the image of a woman to her.
Yesenin’s poem “Birch” is a little sad, very beautiful and touching description of the landscape that the lyrical hero of the work admires from his window. And despite the fact that the main thing in this work is the description of the landscape, we still see the lyrical hero himself. Most likely, this is still a young person, because it is impossible for an old person to be delighted in this way. Lyrical hero Yesenin's poem "Birch" loves nature very much, he is able to see beauty and admire it. In addition, there are many notes of naivety and immaturity in his character.
IN early work poet, to whom Yesenin’s poem “Birch” belongs, the theme of nature and the countryside has always prevailed. Love for the homeland and the world around us is one of the most important talents that the poet was endowed with. Without this, it is impossible to imagine the poem “Birch” by Yesenin, or any of his other works.
