Description of Nastenka in the novel White Nights. "White Nights" characteristics of the heroes

Nastenka - the image of the heroineNastenka - the main heroine of the story "White
nights" by F. M. Dostoevsky.
The Dreamer and Nastenka in "White Nights" are the two main characters in this story.
Of course, how often does this happen
Dostoevsky, the third character is
city of St. Petersburg.

Nastenka's appearance

"...she was pretty and brunette...", "black
eyes", "...black eyelashes...", "black curls".

Nastenka's story

This is a young girl aged 17 years.
Nastenka, like the Dreamer, lives in
Petersburg with a blind grandmother.
So that Nastenka doesn’t “be naughty”, grandmother
pins Nastenka with a pin. They
They are sitting together - grandma is knitting, and Nastenka is reading.
It is obvious that Nastenka lives a boring and
solitary life. As she herself says,
she lives “in her grandmother’s paddock.”

Character traits
"...clever girl, it never hurts with beauty..."
smart
"...I don’t know why, I blushed,
I'm ashamed..."
bashful
"...I don't want to deceive my grandmother..."
honest
"...my kind, my dear Nastenka!..."
kind, dear
"...she became timid and chickened out..."
timid
"...I'm so simple..."
simple
"...I never knew how to control my own
heart..."
emotional

Nastenka in “White Nights” is a girl...

Quote from Nastenka
"...I say everything, no matter how stupid it is
flashed through my head..."
"Oh, what a child you are! What childishness!"
"...I can’t live with my grandmother, that I’ll run away from her, that
I don't want to be pinned..."
"I can't live without him..."
Character traits
open,
sincere
child at heart
lives in isolation with
grandmother
lover

"The Dreamer" Nastenka

Nastenka - young
romantic nature.
She whole year kept
your love for
"tenant" who
promised to come for her.
Believed in my dream
be with the "tenant".
Hoping to fall in love
"dreamer".
Nastenka's dream
in the end it comes true!

Features of Nastenka's image

- “I’m ready for friendship... but
You can’t fall in love, please!”
- takes a rash step,
deciding to build with the Dreamer
future plans
- she sincerely loved another
person
- In his last letter she
asked not to forget about her and
love her

Nastenka's letter

“Oh, forgive me, forgive me! - Nastenka wrote to me, - on my knees I beg you,
excuse me! I deceived both you and myself. This was a dream, a ghost... I languished for you today;
forgive me, forgive me!..
Do not blame me, because I have not changed in anything before you; I said that
I will love you, I still love you, more than I love you. Oh my God! if I could love
both of you at once! Oh, if only you were he!”
“God knows what I would do for you now! I know it's hard and sad for you. I
insulted you, but you know - if you love, how long will you remember the insult. Do you love me!
Thank you Yes! thank you for this love. Because she is imprinted in my memory,
like a sweet dream that you remember long after waking up; because I will forever be
remember that moment when you opened your heart to me so brotherly and so generously
They accepted my murder as a gift, in order to protect it, cherish it, cure it... If you forgive me,
then the memory of you will be exalted in me with an eternal, grateful feeling for you, which
will never be erased from my soul... I will keep this memory, I will be faithful to it, I will not change it
no, I won’t change my heart: it’s too constant. It came back so quickly yesterday
to the one who belonged forever.
We will meet, you will come to us, you will not leave us, you will be forever a friend,
my brother... And when you see me, you will give me your hand, right? you give it to me, you
forgive me, don't you? Do you still love me?
Oh, love me, don't leave me, because I love you so much at this moment,
because I am worthy of your love, because I deserve it... my dear friend! On
I'm marrying him next week. He came back in love, he never forgot about
me... You won't be angry because I wrote about him. But I want to come to you with him;
you will love him, won't you?..
Forgive, remember and love your Nastenka.”

10. Letter from Nastenka

But so that I remember my offense, Nastenka! So that I can catch up
dark cloud on your clear, serene happiness, so that I,
bitterly reproaching, brought melancholy to your heart, wounded it
secret remorse and made him beat sadly in
a moment of bliss so that I can crush at least one of these
delicate flowers that you wove into your black curls,
when I went to the altar with him... Oh, never, never!
May your sky be clear, may it be bright and serene
your sweet smile, may you be blessed in a minute
bliss and happiness that you gave to another,
to a lonely, grateful heart!
My God! A whole minute of bliss! Is this really the case?
not enough even for a human life?..

11. Letter from Nastenka

But so that I remember my offense, Nastenka!
So that I can bring a dark cloud over yours
clear, serene happiness, so that I,
bitterly reproaching, brought melancholy to your
heart, stung him with secret remorse and
made him beat sadly in a minute
bliss, so that I can crush at least one of
these delicate flowers that you wove
in her black curls when she went together
with him to the altar... Oh, never, never! Yes
your sky will be clear, may it be light and
your sweet smile is serene, yes
you will be blessed in a minute
bliss and happiness that you gave
different, lonely, grateful
heart!
My God! A whole minute of bliss! Yes
Isn't that enough for a lifetime?
human?..
I loved you: love is still, perhaps,
My soul has not completely died out;
But don't let it bother you anymore;
I don't want to make you sad in any way.
I loved you silently, hopelessly,
Now we are tormented by timidity, now by jealousy;
I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,
How may God grant your beloved to be different

12. F. Dostoevsky’s story “White Nights” in Russian criticism

S. S. Dudyshkin: “Dostoevsky was often reproached for his special love
repeat the same words, bring out characters who breathe frequently
inappropriate exaltation, too much anatomization of the poor
human heart. In White Nights Dostoevsky is almost impeccable
in this regard. The story is light, playful, and, if the hero himself were not a little
original, this work would be artistically beautiful.”
N.A. Dobrolyubov: “I confess - all these gentlemen who bring their
spiritual greatness to the point of knowingly kissing one’s lover
I don’t like brides and being at his beck and call at all. They or not at all
loved, or loved only with their heads. If these romantic
selfless people definitely loved, then what kind of rags should they have?
hearts, what chicken feelings!”
E.
IN.
Tour:
plot
stories
»White
nights"
swipes
on
fairy tale
And
no way
Not
reminds
by yourself
something resembling reality”, but this
"one of
the most
poetic"
V
Russian
literature
works,
“original in thought and absolutely elegant in execution.”

13. Homework

Complete the "Task" or "Project" (according to
choice):
- Exercise. Refute or defend in writing
review of one
from
critics about the story by F.
Dostoevsky "White Nights".
- Project. Using Internet resources, prepare
electronic
album
"White
nights"
F.
Dostoevsky in illustrations by Russian artists"
with introductory article and biographical
information about artists.
Everyone: Read the textbook article about A. Chekhov,
read the story "Tosca"

Dreamer - main character novel "White Nights", narrator. There is a lot of autobiography in the image. Perhaps one of the prototypes is the poet A. N. Pleshcheev (1825 - 1893), some motives of his lyrics are reinterpreted in the hero’s confession. We compare it with Gogol’s Piskarev from the story “Nevsky Prospekt” and many heroes of Western and Russian romantic writers. He is twenty-six years old. He is impressionable, sentimental, sympathetic and kind. He has been living in St. Petersburg for eight years, he has no friends or acquaintances. The Dreamer’s only friend is St. Petersburg with its streets and houses, each of which “seems to run ahead of me into the street, looks at me through all the windows and almost says: “Hello; How is your health?

Although at the beginning of the work we find the hero in some melancholy, nevertheless he describes not her, but his happy states, and that is why the image of the hero, unlike most other works of Dostoevsky, is permeated with a bright and light spring feeling. In the rapture of finding an interlocutor and listener - Nastenka - the Dreamer talks about himself so pathetically and literaryly that she even interrupts him, asking him to tell the story, “somehow it’s not so wonderful.” Dreaming is characterized by the hero and the author not only positively. The hero, despite all his rapture, understands that “such a life is a crime and a sin.” He dreams of a real, authentic life, the way ordinary people live - “living in reality” and which is more full-blooded and rich than any ethereal dreams. Meeting Nastenka and falling in love with her opens his soul towards real living life. It's like he's waking up from a long sleep. Having parted with Nastenka, the Dreamer does not cherish his resentment, but only feels gratitude to her “for a minute of bliss and happiness.”

Nastenka is the main character of the novel “White Nights” by Dostoevsky. She is seventeen years old. "Pretty brunette", perky and full of life, simple-minded and insightful. Orphan. She meets the Dreamer on a St. Petersburg street (he saves her from being pursued by an unknown gentleman), listens to his confession, and feels sorry for him. Having become friends with him, she also tells him her life story. She lives with her grandmother, who forces her to be with her all the time. This addiction torments the heroine. Having fallen in love with the lodger, Nastenka decides to leave with him, but he - due to his poverty and instability - cannot marry her yet, but promises that as soon as his circumstances change, he will come for her. Nastenka knows that now this man is again in St. Petersburg, but nevertheless does not make himself known. The dreamer generously helps the heroine write a letter to her lover. They are waiting for an answer, but there is no response. Disappointed Nastenka realizes that now she has no closer and more devoted friend than the Dreamer, and decides to throw in her lot with him. However, her lover unexpectedly appears, and the happy heroine leaves with him, leaving the Dreamer in the same loneliness.

At the very beginning of the “sentimental novel,” the author introduces us to the dreamer. On one of the St. Petersburg white nights, the dreamer meets and becomes acquainted with Nastenka. He immediately reveals to her everything about himself, about his seemingly monotonous life. She reciprocates his feelings, and then, without noticing it, the dreamer falls more and more in love with Nastenka. Of course, she understands and feels his love for her. With the help of their relationship, the author reveals to us many themes: the theme of love, hatred, deception, betrayal. And so, when the dreamer and Nastenka
have already confessed their feelings to each other, when the third hero appears, about whom we already know a lot from Nastenka’s stories. She has to make a difficult choice, not only for herself, but also for the other heroes.

It is this moment, from my point of view, that is the most culminating in the entire work. Before this, the dreamer was very happy: he was happy in his novels, which he created in his dreams, and then he met Nastenka. But this happiness, real, turned out to be short-lived. Nastenka still leaves with her former lover, and the dreamer “stood for a long time and looked after them...”. But why didn’t the dreamer think about himself, about his future, about his loneliness, and didn’t even try to do anything so that Nastenka would stay with him? Maybe it's all about him, his character?
Nastenka lived with her blind grandmother. And once, because Nastenka did something naughty, grandma pinned her dress to hers. So Nastenka sat next to her grandmother, but a new tenant appeared. It was him that Nastenka fell in love with. She even went to see him before leaving, but he turned out to be a decent man and did not take her with him, but only promised to come for her exactly a year later.

The story “White Nights” itself is structured in a very interesting way. Here the chapters are called: “Night One”, “Night Two”, etc. There is a lot in the text artistic techniques. The author often uses the technique of parallelism: almost every chapter begins with a description of nature, and we can know in advance how this chapter will end, sadly or cheerfully.

In the story, it seems to me, there is no sharp division into negative and goodies. I don’t blame Nastenka for leaving the dreamer alone with his thoughts again. She did as her heart told her. The dreamer himself doesn’t blame her for this either: “A whole minute of bliss! But isn’t this enough even for a person’s entire life?..”

But I blame, I perhaps to some extent despise the dreamer. In my opinion, he could have made Nastenka stay with him, and he should have shown at least a little persistence, he had every right to do so. He deserved it, I would say.

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The story "White Nights" is one of early works F. M. Dostoevsky, which is dedicated to the world of “little people”, poor, unadapted to the cruelty of the world, modest but sensual, dreamy and almost always doomed.

Nastenka is one of the “little” heroines, but somewhat atypical for Dostoevsky, since she is active, lively and mobile, devoid of the amorphous nature usual for such heroes, and is inclined to search, to change her life, to seek success. The reader meets Nastenka soon after the main character, the Dreamer, is introduced into the story. A young man notices a beautiful young brunette on one of the bridges in St. Petersburg. A pretty girl in a flirtatious outfit is dissonant with the image of the city, moreover, some annoying gentleman begins to pursue her with a very clear goal, and the Dreamer saves the girl. Nastenka immediately demonstrates to her new acquaintance all her openness, childishness and simplicity - she tells the whole story of her life.

Characteristics of the heroine

(Lyudmila Marchenko as Nastenka in the film "White Nights" 1959)

Nastenka immediately demonstrates to her new acquaintance all her openness, childishness and simplicity - she tells the whole story of her life. An orphan, she was raised by her grandmother after the death of both parents. She didn’t study anything special, although her grandmother hired her a teacher until she was 15, but she has a potential craving for beauty. The girl is restless, playful and at 17 she remains a child. In order not to lose her pupil, the grandmother even pinned her skirt to her own (the punishment followed a certain “misdemeanor”, the details of which Nastenka does not disclose). Just like Samson’s daughter Vyrina in the story “ Stationmaster", forced to be virtually locked within four walls, a young and bored captive, Nastenka accomplishes her woman's destiny- falls in love with his grandmother's lodger and comes to the object of his passion with a ready-made bundle of things in his hands, ready for an instant escape. However, the “tenant” offers Nastenka a year of deferment - during this time he will need to work in Moscow, get a job and accumulate savings. The year is coming to an end - and the girl is patiently waiting for her beloved to come for her.

Thus, Nastenka amazingly combines naivety and strength of character, dreaminess and amazing faith in this dream, gentle fragility, supported by external beauty (“pretty brunette”, “pretty”, with a ringing laugh, charming) and perseverance.

The image of the heroine in the work

(Oleg Strizhenov - The Dreamer and Lyudmila Marchenko - Nastenka in the film "White Nights" 1959)

In description appearance For the heroines, diminutive words prevail - tender, hands, eyes, pretty, hat, mantle. This probably corresponds to the ideals of the author, because Dostoevsky, and after him the Dreamer, cherish and admire this heroine - her touching habits of a child, sensitivity, simplicity.

A factual analysis can reveal some of the girl’s cunning: Nastenka is not so stupid as not to notice the Dreamer’s feelings, but prefers to use his friendly help, correctly recognizing in him a sensitive, sentimental and indecisive nature. In addition, at the moment of providing this friendly assistance, the girl begins to notice that she feels something more for the hero than gratitude, but in fact, her woman's heart prompts her to pay attention to the Dreamer as a “backup option” when it seems that her lover has completely abandoned her.

But the author and hero of the work do not blame the girl for changeability, idealizing her. Probably, as the canonical heroine of a “sentimental novel” (this is how Dostoevsky commented on the title of the story), Nastenka should be depicted as ideal - completely pure and gentle, like an angel. Her thoughts remain pure even when in her own farewell letter she writes to the Dreamer: “Oh God! if only I could love you both at once!..” - it really speaks of gratitude, the desire to embrace and warm people who acted kindly towards her with their love.

Subject:F. Dostoevsky “White Nights”. The role of Nastenka in the novel.

Goals: characterize the hero, identify the means of creating an image, define the concepts of “story”, “novel”, “psychologism”, note the signs that a work belongs to the genre of a story, reasonedly refute or defend a critic’s review of a work

DURING THE CLASSES:

I.Organizing time

II.Updating basic knowledge.

III.Checking homework

IV.Work on a new topic

1. Teacher's opening speech.

Please look at each other. Don't notice anything new? We are so accustomed to each other, to the image created by our stereotypes, that we probably never thought about the fact that every person is a mystery, an enigma. And today the great Russian writer F.M. will help us touch this secret. Dostoevsky. This is true brilliant writer. Suffice it to say that his novel “Crime and Punishment” is the very first in the cycle of 10 great novels of the 20th century, prepared by Oxford specialists.

1848 Dostoevsky is 26 years old. He seemed to himself already a very old man, who had seen everything and experienced everything: the death of his relatives, and unrequited, unspoken love (for A.Ya. Panaeva), and the game of inexplicable fate, and the burden of the short-term glory of a genius (Dostoevsky’s first story “Poor People” was very favorably received by critics), wounded by people’s ridicule, and, finally, despair of loneliness, a feeling of terrible emptiness from misunderstanding. (“The Double” is ridiculed, “The Mistress” is desecrated), and there is nothing ahead, and why write, and why live? It’s good that at this time next to you is a dreamer and friend, the poet Alexey Pleshcheev.

And the nights were wonderful... The famous St. Petersburg white nights...Peculiarity of the northern summer - White Night has repeatedly attracted the attention of writers and poets. Let's try to feel the beauty of the white nights...

2. Formation of the topic (what was covered in the last lesson? Who was not described?)

3. Working with image analysis.

4. Drawing up characteristics. Write in a notebook. Appearance main character.

5. Oral Comparative characteristics The Dreamer and Nastenka.

Work in pairs. Determine the features of Nastenka’s image based on the points on the slide. Slide 7.

6. Comparative characteristics.

Main character

A young man of 26 years old is a dreamer. Lives mainly by his own fantasies, in real life rarely peeks out. One day he went out of nothing to do to wander around the city, but became so carried away by the walk that he went out of town. There he enjoyed the free natural air. When the hero was returning home late in the evening, he met a young thin girl who for some reason was crying.

The young man did not dare to speak to her right away. Meanwhile, she crossed to the other side of the street. The hero saw that a drunk was about to accost her there. The dreamer heroically saved the girl from trouble. True, there was no assault: it turned out that just the presence of young man next to a beautiful stranger.

The hero overcomes his embarrassment and accompanies the girl home. Along the way he tells her about himself, about his poverty, fantasies, secret hopes. Then the young people reach their destination and say goodbye, agreeing to meet tomorrow. At this point in the work “White Nights” the characterization of Nastenka is not at all clear to the reader. One thing is clear: this is a young and, apparently, unhappy girl.

Nastenka's story. Characteristics of the main character

All the events of Dostoevsky's work take place on white nights (hence the name) in St. Petersburg. For all the classics, there is enough description of four meetings of heroes. Moreover, the first of them went on as a prelude to the girl’s story, which is the whole point of the work. The question of what is the role of Nastenka’s story in the story “White Nights” will disappear by itself after its description.

Nastya has not left her grandmother’s side in the morning or afternoon for two years now. She almost went blind, and for some unreported offense, a relative literally attached the girl to herself so that she would not do anything else. Nastya is an orphan, her parents died, and she stayed with her grandmother. They have two rooms in the house: they live in one, and the grandmother rents out the other - this is their only source of existence, except for the old woman’s pension.

And then a tenant came to see them - a young man. As a result of one awkward episode, he realized that Nastya was fastened to her grandmother with a pin. He took pity on the girl, began giving her books and taking her to the theater. She, of course, fell in love with the benefactor, opened up to him, but he said that he could not marry her yet, since he did not have enough money at the moment for such a responsible step, and he needed to go to Moscow for a year in the near future. If during this time Nastya’s feelings for him do not change, then he will come in exactly a year and marry her.

On the same day when the heroes met, a year or a little more had passed since the agreement, but the young man did not appear at the appointed place, although he was already in the city, which the girl knew well. The reason for Nastenka's tears is revealed to the dreamer. Now it should be clear to the reader what the role of Nastenka’s story is in the story “White Nights”. And if not, then we will helpfully tell him: the entire plot of Dostoevsky’s not very entertaining work is built on it.

But let's move on. Now we are ready to determine the very essence of the main character of the essay. Dostoevsky’s work (“White Nights”) is sentimental. Nastenka’s characterization, oddly enough, is the opposite, devoid of sentimentality. The girl is not too smart, but not too stupid either. She has a taste for literature, or rather, she loves stories. She came across the groom by chance, but she grabbed him like a straw in order to escape from the blind grandmother who was disgusted with her. Probably, as a conscientious girl, she was also tormented by guilt due to the fact that she did not love her elderly relative too much. And, nevertheless, she was on the verge of despair and, perhaps, madness, when the groom suddenly got off the hook, because he personified the way out of life’s captivity. It is precisely this interpretation that the story “White Nights” leads the reader to. Nastenka’s characterization, of course, is not too flattering and sentimental, but it is true. Fortunately for the heroine, all is not lost.

An endlessly reflective dreamer wants to help the girl and invites her to compose a letter for her betrothed, and he will take it where it should be. Surprisingly, the necessary letter has already been written by the girl, and the hero is given clear instructions to whom exactly it should be given. It cannot be said that Nastya deliberately manipulates the dreamer, exploiting his love; she does it involuntarily and innocently.

The meeting ends with Nastya and the dreamer singing songs. It’s clear why she’s happy, but he, apparently, hopes to serve her and get reciprocal feelings from the girl and, anticipating this event, sings.

Third and fourth nights. The end of the story

We are not interested in the characteristics of the hero. Nastenka (“White Nights” we consider further) also occupies us a lot. All that remains is to tell the story to the end.

Third meeting. The tension is rising. The girl’s friend does not respond to the letter he sent, she is in an extreme state of exaltation (to be honest, the characters do not leave this state for a minute during the entire narrative). The dreamer, on the contrary, became depressed. He realized that his chances of reciprocity were rapidly approaching zero. The girl tries to somehow console him and reassure him of her friendly disposition. Naturally, this does not make it any easier for the dreamer.

Fourth night. The girl has almost plunged into the abyss of despair; the right moment has come for the hero - he confesses his love. They say all sorts of “sweets” to each other, and Nastenka is ready to forget the groom who betrayed her, but then he appears in person, and Nastya, having forgotten about her dreamer friend, rushes into the arms of her old love.

The next day she writes a letter to the dreamer, in which she says that everything is fine with her, and that soon she and her lover will get married. The main character can only remember the adventure that happened to him under the pale light of the white nights, and yearn for lost love. The characteristics of the heroes of the work “White Nights” are ready. We left aside only the groom for the reason that his nature could not be determined in any way. This character is of a purely decorative and instrumental nature in the narrative of the Russian classic.

Testing (quick check, 15-20 seconds per question).

F. M. Dostoevsky "White Nights" (control test)

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1. The work “White Nights” was written in