Renoir Pierre Auguste, French painter, graphic artist and sculptor. In his youth he worked as a porcelain painter, painting curtains and fans. In 1862-1864, Renoir studied in Paris at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he became close to his future colleagues in impressionism, Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley. Renoir worked in Paris, visited Algeria, Italy, Spain, Holland, Great Britain, and Germany. Renoir's early works are influenced by Gustave Courbet and the works of the young Edouard Manet (“Mother Anthony's Tavern”, 1866, National Museum, Stockholm).
At the turn of the 1860-1870s, Renoir switched to painting in the open air, organically including human figures in a changing light-air environment (“Bathing in the Seine”, 1869, Pushkin Museum, Moscow). Renoir’s palette brightens, the light dynamic brushstroke becomes transparent and vibrating, the coloring is saturated with silver-pearl reflections (“Lodge”, 1874, Corthold Institute, London). Depicting episodes snatched from the stream of life, random life situations, Renoir gave preference to festive scenes of city life - balls, dances, walks, as if trying to embody in them the sensual fullness and joy of being (“Moulin de la Galette”, 1876, Orsay Museum, Paris).
A special place in Renoir’s work is occupied by poetic and charming female images: internally different, but externally slightly similar to each other, they seem to be marked by the common stamp of the era (“After Dinner”, 1879, Staedel Institute of Art, “Umbrellas”, 1876, National Gallery, London; portrait of actress Jeanne Samary, 1878, Hermitage, Saint Petersburg). In the depiction of nudes, Renoir achieves a rare sophistication of carnations, built on a combination of warm flesh tones with sliding light greenish and gray-blue reflections, giving a smooth and matte surface to the canvas (“Naked Woman Sitting on a Couch”, 1876). A remarkable colorist, Renoir often achieves the impression of monochrome painting with the help of subtle combinations of tones that are close in color (“Girls in Black”, 1883, Museum visual arts, Moscow).
Since the 1880s, Renoir has increasingly gravitated towards classical clarity and generalization of forms; in his painting, the features of decorativeness and serene idyllism have been growing (“Great Bathers”, 1884-1887, Tyson collection, Philadelphia). Laconism, lightness and airiness of the stroke are distinguished by numerous drawings and etchings (“Bathers”, 1895) by Renoir.
On December 3, 1919, the French painter, one of the main representatives of impressionism, Auguste Renoir, passed away. His paintings had big success from the Parisians. We decided to remember the most famous paintings Renoir.
"Paddling pool"
Auguste Renoir painted this painting in 1869. It is stored in national museum Sweden, in Stockholm. “The Paddling Pool” is a café on the water, located on a pontoon moored to the bank of the Seine, standing in a small branch of the river and connected to the island by a bridge thrown over a tiny island. Here girls of easy virtue, the so-called “frogs”, gathered here, accompanied by small hooligans and crooks from the suburbs. This painting can be called impressionistic in the full sense of the word. It has everything character traits movements: study of water and highlights, colored shadows, transparency, flickering of color, division of strokes, use of a light palette limited to three primary and three additional colors. Claude Monet has a similar painting. It is also called “The Paddling Pool”. During that period, Renoir and Monet worked side by side, using identical subjects, and in styles very close to each other.
"Swing"
Auguste Renoir painted this painting for the third exhibition of the Impressionists in 1877. The artist depicted a corner of one of the Parisian gardens. A girl in a white and blue dress decorated with many bows, flirting with two young men in straw boaters, stood on the board of a swing suspended under a tree. This motif of balancing equilibrium, mobile immobility can be considered as a metaphor for impressionistic paintings in general. After all, the main thing in it is variability, movement, and at the same time, the impressionist artist always captures the moment of a certain staticity, balance of forms. He painted the woman swinging on a swing, apparently, from Marguerite Legrand, a model whom he met in 1875, and who also posed for the painting “Ball at the Moulin de la Galette.” Since 1877, the painting “Swing” was in the collection of the French marchand and artist Gustave Caillebotte. In 1986, the painting was transferred to the Musée d'Orsay, where it remains to this day.
"Ball at the Moulin de la Galette"
Auguste Renoir painted this painting in 1876. It is considered not only the main work in the artist’s work, but also the most expensive. At Sotheby's auction in New York in 1990, it was sold for $78 million and is still among the most expensive paintings ever sold at auction. Pierre Auguste Renoir is "the only great artist“who has not painted a single sad picture in his life,” said the writer Octave Mirbeau in 1913. "Ball at the Moulin de la Galette" - the most shining example"solar" art of the painter. Auguste Renoir lived in the Parisian district of Montmartre. And he found the plot of his painting there in the restaurant of the same name “Moulin de la Galette”. The artist's acquaintances and friends are depicted on the frame. The painting is in the Orsay Museum in Paris.
"Portrait of the actress Jeanne Samary"
On this canvas, Renoir painted a portrait of a young actress of the Comedie Française theater. Painting from 1877. Stored in Moscow, in Pushkin Museum. Renoir painted four portraits of Jeanne Samary, each of which is significantly different from the others in size, composition, and color. Before her marriage, Jeanne Samary lived not far from Renoir’s studio on Rue Frochot and often came to sit with him. This portrait is called one of the most impressionistic portraits in all of Renoir's work. IN last picture Zhanna Samary is presented in full height in a beautiful evening dress with a huge train, a deep neckline and bare arms, covered almost to the elbows with white gloves. Renoir painted Jeanne Samary as a striking beauty. Renoir managed to convey in her facial expression that attractive playfulness, mischief and spontaneity of expression of thoughts and feelings that were characteristic of her spiritual appearance and her stage talent.
"The Rowers' Breakfast"
This picture turned out to be a milestone in Renoir's work. At this time, in 1880 - 1881, the artist made his first long journeys to Algeria and Italy, summing up his creative activity and already in Italy he is disappointed in some things, but wants to actively change something in his art. A period of new searches, new doubts, a new pictorial manner is coming. “The Rowers' Breakfast” seemed to be at the center of his creative and life path. The painting was painted at the Fournaise restaurant in Paris. In fact, this is a group portrait of a meeting of friends. Again, Renoir painted portraits of his real friends. In February 1881, the painting was bought from Renoir by the famous marchand Paul Durand-Ruel for 15,000 francs, which was enough at a high price for that time. After his death, Durand-Ruel's sons sold the painting for $125,000 to the famous American collector Duncan Phillips. Since 1930, this collection has moved to a building in the Dupont Circle area of Washington, which has since been used as Art Museum- Phillips Collection.
"Umbrellas"
This painting was started in 1880-1881 and completed in 1885-1886. Renoir began painting as a “pure” impressionist, but soon began to experience disappointment in this style. The painter was strongly influenced by his travel to Italy, as a result of which he turned to older artistic methods. A clear outline of the figures appeared in the picture. Noisy crowded Parisian street. Rain. Lots of umbrellas. An original idea: to convey the bustle and at the same time purely Parisian charm and charm through the cluster and crush of... umbrellas. The picture embodies the ideal of the aspirations of two arts - painting and photography: from the first - spirituality of perception, from the latter - “instantness” (the artist even cuts off the figures at the edges, as happens in photographs). This technique was popular among the impressionists of that time. The painting "Umbrellas" is kept in the National Gallery in London.
Biography of Pierre Auguste Renoir:
Pierre Auguste Renoir - French impressionist artist, born February 25, 1841 in Limoges, France. His father was a tailor. In 1862, Renoir entered the School of Fine Arts. During his studies, he met such masters of painting as A. Sisley, F. Basile and C. Monet. Pierre's favorite artists were A. Watteau, F. Boucher, O. Fragonard, G. Courbet. His early works very similar in style to the works of these authors. Detailed elaboration of chiaroscuro, which gives the image almost sculptural forms, but even then the distinctive handwriting of the future great artist was noticeable - this is a light, almost airy color scheme - Mother Anthony's Tavern.
The work of Renoir was greatly influenced by the paintings of Renoir, with whom they were on friendly terms and often painted together. Their most famous collaboration Paddling pool. After this, Renoir’s paintings began to change noticeably, for example, he introduced so-called colored shadows and achieved certain results in depicting a light-air environment: Bathing in the Seine, Path in the tall grass, In the garden, Swing, Seine in Argenteuil, Estac.
After the Impressionist exhibition at the Nadara Hotel was literally dispersed in disgrace by angry critics who were more committed to classical painting, Renoir and Monet were forced to eke out a poor existence. This continued until the painting that brought real success to Pierre Auguste - the Moulin de la Galette, which now hangs in the Orsay Museum in Paris.
Renoir's paintings are characterized by expressive features and random scenes that seem to be snatched from Everyday life, by doing this they set the viewer up for contemplation, entering a state of complete peace. Like no other, this mood is conveyed by the painting Breakfast of the Rowers, in which a special place belongs to a lady with a dog in her hands - future wife Renoir.
Since 1880, Renoir and his wife begin to travel around the world, the Mediterranean, Algeria, Italy. Here he studies the work of local artists and constantly works on his own.
In 1903, O. Renoir moved to his villa in the south of France. He is overcome by terrible arthritis, which is constantly progressing. Despite this, he constantly draws, even when he is struck by paralysis. He ties the hand to his hand, since his fingers can no longer hold it. After this, the artist visited his beloved Paris only once to look at his painting Umbrellas, which was exhibited at the Louvre.
On December 3, 1919, Pierre Auguste Renoir, at the age of 78, died of inflammation and was buried in Essois.
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Renoir's paintings:
Rowers' Breakfast
Umbrellas
thoughtfulness 
In the garden 
Spring landscape 
Dancing in the city 
Dancing in Bougival 
Sleeping by the sea 
Romain Lanco 
Girl combing her hair 
Laundresses 
After swimming
First exit
Parisian
Nude girl
New bridge
Nude 
Still life with chrysanthemums
On the terrace
Pont des Arts in Paris
Naked woman sitting on a couch 
Monet at work
Young man in the forest of Fontainebleau
Paddling pool
Madame Clementine 
Bathers
Bath on the river 
Woman at the source
Woman playing guitar
Renoir is considered one of the founders of classical impressionism, however, unlike the paintings of his colleagues, his painting developed in a different direction. He devoted his work to transparent painting techniques. Using completely new techniques of applying brush strokes, Renoir achieved a separate structure in his works, which greatly distinguishes his work from the school of the old masters.
Women in Renoir's paintings
Renoir's paintings, whose names are associated with truly feminine charm, amazingly convey the subtle features of girlish beauty. He was an optimist and sought out the best manifestations in life, trying to preserve them with the help of the pictorial kinetics of his brushes.
Like someone who radiates light, he knew how to find and depict only joyful and happy faces. Largely thanks to this ability, as well as the inherent love of people, the creator made women the quintessence of his art.
Renoir’s paintings with the titles “Jeanne Samary”, “Ballerina”, “Bathers” reveal him as a connoisseur of female nature, who had his own ideal of beauty and was alien to conventions. The women in Auguste's paintings are recognizable, and anyone who has ever encountered the history of painting can recognize the hand of the master. Every lady always looks from the canvas with eyes filled with a thirst for love and a desire for change. Among common features, which are viewed in all women's portraits artist, - all the ladies in the paintings have a small forehead and a heavy chin.
“Portrait of Jeanne Samary” and “Portrait of Henriette Henriot”
In 1877, a personal exhibition of the artist’s expositions within the framework of impressionism was held. Among the majority of works, the greatest interest was caused by Renoir’s paintings with the titles “Portrait of Jeanne Samary” and “Portrait of Henriette Henriot”. The ladies depicted in the paintings are actresses. The author painted their portraits more than once. The paintings captured attention largely due to the skillfully created illusion of mobility of the blue-white background, which gradually thickens around the outlines of the feminine Henriette and leads the viewer to her velvety brown eyes. Despite the fact that the overall exhibition was very kinetic and emotional, at the same time it remained motionless, with an emphasis on the contrast of dark brow ridges and supple red curls.
In a similar manner, Pierre Auguste Renoir, whose paintings are not famous for their placement of accents and detail, painted a portrait of the charming Jeanne Samary. The actress’s figure seems to be sculpted from ornate purple strokes, which incredibly absorbed the entire possible color palette and at the same time retained the dominant red color. Renoir skillfully brings the viewer to the girl’s face, focusing on the drawn mouth, eyes and even strands of hair. The background imposes reflexes on the actress's face through a purple blush, which fits very harmoniously into the image of the diva. The actress’s body itself is filled with hasty brushstrokes characteristic of the Impressionists.
Technical features of Renoir's performance
Pierre Auguste Renoir, whose paintings radiate the spirit of impressionism, continued to work until last days life, not allowing illness to remove him from colors. In addition to his love for depicting female nature, the artist became famous for his ability to effectively use color and work with those paints that his colleagues in the craft rarely resorted to.
Auguste is one of the few who skillfully resorted to using a combination of black, gray and white flowers so that the paintings do not look “dirty”. The idea of experimenting with this color scheme visited the artist when he once sat and watched the raindrops. Many art critics note that the artist can be called a master of depicting umbrellas, since he often resorted to this detail in his work.
For the most part, the master used white, Neapolitan yellow paint, cobalt blue, crown, ultramarine, kraplak, emerald green paint and vermilion, but their skillful combination gave birth to incredibly picturesque masterpieces. Closer to 1860, when Impressionism gained momentum, Renoir's color palette underwent changes and he began to resort to brighter shades, such as red.
Monet's influence on Renoir's work
The incident led Renoir to a meeting with an equally significant French art painter, Their destinies were intertwined, and they lived in the same apartment for some time, constantly honing their skills, depicting each other on canvas. Some critics claim that the similarities between their paintings are so obvious that if not for the signature in the lower left corner, it would be technically impossible to tell them apart. However, there are clear differences in their work. For example, Monet focused attention on the play of light and shadow, thanks to which he created his contrasts on canvases. Auguste valued color as such more, which is why his paintings are more rainbow and full of light. Another fundamental difference in the work of the painters was that Renoir’s paintings, whose names are certainly associated with women, always gravitated toward depicting human figures, while Claude Monet certainly relegated them to the background.
