Novodevichy cemetery old burial how to find. Which celebrities are buried at the Novodevichye cemetery

Address: Luzhnetsky proezd, 2

Opening hours: daily from 9:00 to 17:00, free admission.

How to get to Novodevichy Cemetery: Art. metro station Sportivnaya avt. 64, 132, troll. 5, 15. Or when leaving the station. metro Sportivnaya turn right and walk along the street. 10th Anniversary of the October Revolution to the Novodevichy Convent, then turn left and walk along the monastery wall to the cemetery gate.

The first burials in the area of the current Novodevichy cemetery appeared in the 70s of the 16th century on the territory of the Novodevichy Convent. Nuns were buried in the monastery, and later others.

By the end of the 19th century, the monastery necropolis was almost full, and in 1898, two hectares of land were allocated on the southern side of the monastery to increase the area of the cemetery. Under the guidance of professor of architecture I.P. Mashkov, the walls of the cemetery were built and the plots were laid out. The official opening of the Novodevichy cemetery took place in 1904, but burials began to take place before its opening. Now the territory of this cemetery is called the “old Novodevichy cemetery”.

In 1949, the cemetery was expanded even further south, and this area was named “New Novodevichy Cemetery". During 1950-1956, walls were built around the new territory, as well as service premises. The Novodevichy Cemetery was expanded once again in 1970, the “Newest Novodevichy Cemetery”. Today, the Novodevichy Cemetery consists of four parts with a total area of more than 7.5 hectares. Buried here about 26,000 people.

Since the beginning of the Novodevichy cemetery was laid in the necropolis of the monastery, but it is here that the most ancient burials are located. In the basement of the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent lie the remains of Ivan the Terrible’s daughter Anna, his daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law. The daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the sisters of Peter I, as well as princesses Sophia (nun Susanna), Evdokia and Ekaterina Miloslavsky, the first wife of Peter I Evdokia Lopukhina (nun Elena) are also buried here. In the 19th century, wealthy merchants, writers, scientists, musicians, prominent political and public figures began to be buried on the territory of the monastery.

In 1922, the Novodevichy Convent, together with the cemetery, acquired the status of a museum and was taken under state protection. But in 1930, it was decided to lay out a park with lawns and alleys on the site of the necropolis. As a result of reconstruction, out of more than two thousand ancient graves, only about a hundred remained, and they were significantly damaged.

But on the territory of the monastery the transformations were not so destructive. There are graves here famous hero Patriotic War 1812 by the poet Denis Davydov, Prince S. Trubetskoy, Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Muravyov-Apostol, A.N. Pleshcheev, writers I.I. Lazhechnikov and A.F. Pisemsky, the creator of the orphanage Nikolai Rukavishnikov, historian S.M. Solovyov, philosopher Vl.S. Solovyov, writer Vs.S. Solovyov, historian and writer M.P. Pogodin, founder Historical Museum Count A.S. Uvarov, General A.A. Brusilov, father of Herzen, landowner Ivan Alekseevich Yakovlev, director of the Department of Spiritual Affairs of the Ministry of Spiritual Affairs and Public Education - A.I. Turgenev, brothers N.A. and D.A. Milyutin. A.P.’s grave has also been preserved. Chekhov. Chekhov died of tuberculosis in the German resort town of Badenweiler in July 1914. The writer's body was delivered to Moscow in a special refrigerator car designed for transporting oysters. At first, Chekhov was buried next to the grave of his father, and later the writer’s ashes were transferred to the “old” site of the Novodevichy cemetery.

Near the apses of the Smolensk Cathedral you can see a large white marble slab - the first abbess of the Novodevichy Convent, Elena Detochkina (died November 18, 1548), is buried here. The abbess, Mother Seraphima Chernaya (life: 1914-1999), was also buried on the territory of the monastery, under whom the monastery’s activities were resumed in 1994.

As already mentioned, after the revolution, the Novodevichy cemetery turned into a burial place for high-ranking officials. When an active anti-religious campaign unfolded in the 30s, the graves of many famous people were moved from the ruined monastery necropolises to the Novodevichy cemetery, among which were the burials of N.V. Gogol, D.V. Venevitinov, writer S.T. Aksakov, artist I.I. Levitan, Sergei and Pavel Tretyakov and others. On the old territory there is also the grave of the famous Russian bass - F.I. Shalyapin. Initially, after his death, Chaliapin was buried in Paris, and almost fifty years later the singer’s ashes were reburied in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery.

In the old cemetery territory, the numbering of plots starts from the Central Alley. On the 1st and 2nd sections, the rows run in the direction of Luzhenetsky Proezd, and for the 3rd and 4th sections - towards the “newest” cemetery. The first section has a total of 47 rows, of which 40 are located perpendicular to the monastery wall, and 7 run parallel to it. The second section has 41 rows, the third section has 65 rows, and the fourth section has 61 rows.

Writers M. A. Bulgakov, V. A. Gilyarovsky, A. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Mayakovsky, I. A. Ilf, N. A. Ostrovsky, S. Ya. Marshak, and others are also buried on the old territory of the Novodevichy Cemetery. L. A. Kassil, V. M. Shukshin, directors V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, E. B. Vakhtangov, S. M. Eisenstein, famous actors L.P. Orlova, O.I. Yankovsky, musicians A. N. Scriabin, I. O. Dunaevsky, S. S. Prokofiev, D. D. Shostakovich, sculptor V. I. Mukhina, scientists S. I. Vavilov, I. M. Sechenov, P. P Kashchenko, V. I. Vernadsky, architect A. V. Shchusev, surgeon N. N. Burdenko, political figures L. M. Kaganovich, A. M. Kollontai, A. I. Mikoyan, V. M. Molotov, A. . A. Gromyko, Stalin’s second wife N. S. Alliluyeva - and that’s just short list names

Areas 5 to 8 are considered "New" territory. It began to be used in the mid-20th century. A columbarium for burying urns with ashes was built within the walls of the New Cemetery. Currently, about 7,000 urns are stored in the columbarium of the New Cemetery. One of the most famous burials in this area is the grave of the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, which is located on the Central Alley. To the right of the entrance is the 5th section, to the left is the 6th, and to the left of the 6th section is the 8th (along the wall of Khamovnichesky Val). Plot number 7 is located in the far part of the cemetery behind plots 5, 6 and 8. Writers A. T. Tvardovsky, I. G. Erenburg, N. A. Zabolotsky, Yu. S. Semenov, directors M. I. Romm, I. A. Pyryev, singers Mark Bernes, L. Ruslanova, A. are buried here. Vertinsky, artist A. A. Deineka, aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, musicians S. Richter, M. Rostropovich, ballerina G. Ulanova, actor Yu. Nikulin, political figures N. S. Khrushchev, R. M. Gorbachev, governor Krasnoyarsk Territory A. I. Lebed.

The “newest” territory of the Novodevichy cemetery arose in the early 80s on the site of a stone-masonry workshop. You can get here along the Central Alley, which starts at the entrance. On Newest cemetery Actors Evgeny Leonov, Evgeny Evstigneev, Rolan Bykov, Anatoly Papanov, Rostislav Papanov, Igor Ilyinsky, Innokenty Smoktunovsky, Oleg Borisov, Nikolai Kryuchkov, Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Mikhail Ulyanov, Georgy Zzhynov, George Yankovsky, Alfred Svinitikov, Alfred Shnitinikov, Alfred Shnikov are buried. , Dmitry Kabalevsky, singers Ivan Kozlovsky, Klavdia Shulzhenko, legendary announcer Yuri Levitan, cosmonaut pilots German Titov and Georgy Beregovoy, heroic pilot Alexey Maresyev, academician P. L. Kapitsa, directors Sergei Bondarchuk, Sergei Gerasimov.

Novodevichy Cemetery is included in the list World Heritage UNESCO. Many travel companies mention it as a historical and cultural monument. In addition to burials outstanding personalities, the cemetery is also known for its unique tombstones made by such architects as: N. A. Andreev, M. K. Anikushin, E. V. Vuchetich, L. E. Kerbel, S. T. Konenkov, V. I. Mukhina, E. I. Neizvestny, N.V. Tomsky, I.D. Shadr and others. Some graves and urns are monuments cultural heritage regional and federal significance.

Novodevichy Cemetery

Luzhnetsky proezd, 2, st. m. "Sportivnaya"

Every cemetery probably has at least one ghost, and the list of them can be endless. Let's finish this chapter with a story about the main cemetery in the country (except, of course, for Red Square) - Novodevichy.

In 1524, Moscow Prince Vasily III, in memory of the annexation of Smolensk, founded the Novodevichy Convent in Luzhniki, right on the road leading to Smolensk. We have already devoted enough space to the ghosts of this monastery in this book, now let's talk about its cemetery.

At first, as usual, the nobility and clergy were buried there. But over time, graves of representatives of other classes also appeared here: in the 19th century, merchants, writers, musicians, scientists began to be buried here, and the land allocated for the graveyard began to not be enough. And in 1898, two hectares of new land were allocated behind the southern wall of the monastery. Cemetery walls were erected and plots were laid out. This part of the cemetery officially opened in 1904, but burials began to take place earlier. Today it is called the “old Novodevichy cemetery”. In 1949, the cemetery territory was further expanded to the south (the so-called “new Novodevichye Cemetery”), and in 1950–1956 walls, gates and service premises were built here. At the end of the 1970s, after another expansion, the “newest Novodevichy Cemetery” appeared.

Today, the Novodevichy Cemetery area includes four territories with an area of more than 7.5 hectares, where 26,000 people are buried.

In the thirties of the last century, when other Moscow cemeteries were actively being destroyed, the ashes of many famous people were transferred to Novodevichye: N. Gogol, poet D. Venevitinov, writer S. Aksakov, artist I. Levitan, etc.

Writers M. Bulgakov, V. Gilyarovsky, A. N. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky, I. Ilf, N. Ostrovsky, S. Marshak, V. Shukshin, actress L. P. Orlova, composers I. Dunaevsky, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, Stalin's wife N. Alliluyeva.

Writers A. Tvardovsky, I. Ehrenburg, Yu. Semenov, singers M. Bernes, A. Vertinsky, actor and clown Yuri Nikulin, political figures N. Khrushchev, A. Lebed, the wife of the first and only president of the USSR R were buried in the new territory .Gorbachev.

On the new territory lie the actors E. Leonov, E. Evstigneev, A. Papanov, R. Plyatt, the legendary pilot A. Maresyev and many more famous people.

In it, people see black nuns who suddenly appear out of nowhere and disappear into nowhere. These nuns are seen by women, and it is believed that seeing a ghostly nun means the fulfillment of what a person came to ask for in the cemetery from those lying here.

Three ghostly figures in monastic robes are often seen walking together. The nuns are sure that these are the first three nuns of the monastery, buried here: schema-nun Elena Devochkina, Abbess Dominica and novice Feofaniya.

It is also interesting how the destinies of its inhabitants intersect on Novodevichy, sometimes even across centuries. Mikhail Bulgakov once, in difficult times, exclaimed, turning to Gogol, whom he considered his teacher: “Cover me with your cast-iron overcoat!” And then, when he felt bad, he often repeated this phrase. When Mikhail Afanasyevich died, his widow, Elena Sergeevna, could not decide for a very long time which monument was worthy of decorating the master’s grave. And one day, by chance, at the entrance to Novodevichye, I saw a large old stone thrown out with traces of a hewn inscription. He was apparently being prepared for some kind of grave, but he was never in demand. She paid workers to move the stone to her husband's grave. After some time, one of the cemetery workers told her that this was a tombstone from Gogol’s old grave, which was in the Danilov Monastery, and at Novodevichy, a new monument was erected to the great writer with the inscription “To the Great Russian Artist from the Soviet Government.”

For a long time the story about Gogol’s stone on Bulgakov’s grave was only a beautiful legend, but in the 1970s, photographs of Gogol’s old grave were found, which showed that the stone was exactly the same, and studies of the stone itself finally confirmed this. The fact is that Aksakov brought this stone especially for Gogol’s grave from his Crimean estate, noticing that it looked like Mount Golgotha. A study of the stone showed that it is a typical Crimean granite, which does not exist in more northern latitudes.

When the novel “The Master and Margarita” was finally published in 1967, Elena Sergeevna fulfilled the Master’s will. The writer asked, if the novel was published, to give half of the fee for it to the first person who came with flowers to his grave. This person turned out to be a young man from Leningrad, who, after reading the novel, was shocked and specially went to Moscow to put flowers on the grave of the great writer.

But let's return to Gogol. The story of his grave is perhaps one of the most mysterious on Novodevichy. The writer suffered from prolonged fainting and was very afraid that he would be buried in such a state, when his pulse and breathing practically disappeared, and he would wake up in a grave. Gogol bequeathed to bury him only when obvious signs of decomposition appeared on his body. But no one supposedly waited for these signs. Then rumors arose about the scratched lining of the coffin, but still this was not true. There are memoirs of the sculptor Nikolai Ramazanov, who removed the death mask from Gogol. They say that the assistant who was kneading the plaster said: “Hurry up, there are clear signs of decomposition.” Moreover, when removing death mask a living person would suffocate.

But when Gogol’s ashes were transferred, those who opened the grave discovered with horror that the writer’s skull was not in the coffin. This is how writer Vladimir Lidin, an eyewitness to the events, who today also lies on Novodevichy, recalls this: “Gogol’s grave was opened almost the whole day. It turned out to be at a much greater depth than ordinary burials... Having started to dig it out, they came across a brick crypt of unusual strength, but did not find a walled up hole in it; Then they began to dig in a transverse direction so that the excavation would be to the east. By evening, a side aisle of the crypt was discovered, through which the coffin had been pushed into the main crypt. The work of opening the crypt took a long time. It was dusk when the grave was finally opened. The top boards of the coffin were rotten, but the side boards with preserved foil, metal corners, handles and partially surviving bluish-purple braid were intact. There was no skull in the coffin. True, when opening the grave, at a shallow depth, much higher than the crypt with a walled coffin, a skull was discovered, but archaeologists recognized it as belonging to young man... And Gogol’s remains began with the cervical vertebrae: the entire skeleton of the skeleton was enclosed in a well-preserved tobacco-colored frock coat; Even underwear with bone buttons survived under the frock coat; there were shoes on his feet high heels, approximately 4–5 centimeters, this suggests that Gogol was of short stature. The next morning, the remains were transported on a simple cart, in the rain, to the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent, where they were interred...” By the way, Vladimir Lidin took a piece of the frock coat (as an element of the case for the first edition of “ Dead souls"from his library), writer Vsevolod Ivanov - a fragment of a rib, and the director of the cemetery, Komsomol member Arakcheev, took off his shoes and took them for himself.

They say that the writer’s skull was stolen from the grave on the order of a fan of the Russian theater, the founder of the current Theater Museum, merchant Alexei Aleksandrovich Bakhrushin, who already had the skull of the artist Shchepkin on his bureau. When the restoration of Gogol’s grave was carried out in 1909, he incited two guards of the monastery necropolis to be kidnapped. Bakhrushin crowned Gogol's head with a silver wreath and placed it in a special rosewood casket with a glass window. But after this acquisition, troubles began in the life of the merchant, both in business and in the family field. Bakhrushin connected this with the sacrilege he had committed, but he did not know how to return the skull - the grave, as we know, on his orders, was deepened and covered with bricks.

Meanwhile, Bakhrushin’s “prank” was not a secret, and soon rumors about it reached the descendant of the writer, naval officer Yanovsky, who came to the merchant and laid a revolver on the table:

There are two cartridges here. One for you, if you refuse to give up the skull, and the second, then, for me.

Bakhrushin did not have to be persuaded, and he happily gave the skull to the strange visitor. However, the story did not end there.

Yanovsky wanted to bury the skull of his ancestor on the soil of Italy, which Nikolai Vasilyevich loved very much and where he spent a lot of time, but he still could not get out there. And then the opportunity just turned up: in the spring of 1911, Italian ships came to Sevastopol to pick up the ashes of their compatriots who died in the Crimean campaign of 1854–1855 and rebury them in their homeland.

Yanovsky asked one of the captains, Borghese, to deliver the rosewood casket to Italy and hand it over to the Russian consul there so that he could bury it according to Orthodox rite. But it was apparently not fate for the writer’s skull to end up in the ground. Captain, loaded official matters, the casket was not handed over to the consul, but went on another voyage.

In the summer of 1911, a very long railway tunnel for that time was cut in Italy in the Apennines, about which there were many rumors that it was cut in a cursed place and so on. On the first train, the captain's younger brother and his company decided to go through this tunnel and took a skull with him to scare fellow travelers.

But before entering the tunnel, passengers were seized with panic, and a milky-white cloud of fog began to emerge from the tunnel itself. The panic was so great that some began to jump from the running boards of the moving train. The younger Borghese also jumped, leaving the casket with Gogol's skull in the compartment. The train with passengers entered the tunnel and disappeared. No clear explanation has been given for this fact even today, but the tunnel was immediately blocked with stones, and during the Second World War, a bomb hit the mountain through which it passed and completely collapsed the tunnel.

Today, the organization “Nationalism - a Weapon of Modernity” (NOS) announced a reward for anyone who finds Gogol’s skull or at least indicates its exact coordinates. Eight million rubles will be paid after the authenticity of the skull is confirmed by genetic testing.

But whose skull was found over Gogol’s grave is still unknown.

Another legend of Novodevichy is associated with Fyodor Chaliapin. The great bass appeared in a dream to the artist Korovin and asked him to remove a stone from his chest. Korovin tried to do this, but discovered that the stone had grown in and the maestro himself had grown cold... A few weeks later the news came that the singer had died in Paris, where he spent the last 16 years of his life. Chaliapin's ashes were transported from France to Russia only in 1984, and the singer's first burial was in the French Batignelles cemetery.

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Located near the Sportivnaya metro station in Moscow, the Novodevichy Cemetery is known primarily for the fact that there are many graves of celebrities on its territory. It is because of this that the necropolis attracts the attention of tourists and people interested in the historical past of Russia and the personalities of prominent people.

History of the necropolis

WITH The cemetery received its name due to its proximity to the Novodevichy Convent. Official documents about scheduled burials here date back to 1898, and its opening took place in 1904. The expansion of the capital and the increase in its population inevitably entailed an increase in the territory of the cemetery. Official decrees on the inclusion of nearby territories into the necropolis were issued twice:

in 1949, the so-called New Novodevichy cemetery was formed to the south of the ancestral territory;
at the end of the 70s. It was decided to create the Newest Novodevichy Cemetery.

As a result of these expansions to this moment The territory of the necropolis is approximately 7.5 hectares, and over 26 thousand people are buried here. About the importance of Novodevichy as cultural site evidenced by the UNESCO decree on its inclusion in the list of one hundred most important necropolises in the world.

Initially, its deceased novices were buried on the lands adjacent to the monastery by order of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III. Over time, graves of ordinary Muscovites began to appear. Since the middle of the 17th century, news appears in sources about the departure on the territory of the monastery cemetery funeral rite over the deceased daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Before this, the necropolis of the ruling dynasty was the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral. The burials of representatives of the reigning dynasty far from the main necropolis are explained by two reasons:

The burials of members of the ruling dynasty at Novodevichy did not make this cemetery a place for the posthumous resting place of privileged persons. A certain tendency towards this has been observed since the second half of the 19th century century. There are more and more graves of intellectuals and successful merchants. Largely thanks to this, the decrees of 1898 and 1904 were passed, and the cemetery area was fenced off.

The revolution of 1917 stopped for some time the process of turning Novodevichy into

necropolis for the elite. Since then, funerals of ordinary Muscovites have been held here. But already in 1922, the territory of the cemetery was declared a museum. Restoration work is being carried out, and to increase the attractiveness of the place, a large square with picturesque alleys is being created. However, the latter led to the destruction and damage of old graves.

By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 1927, the territory of the cemetery was reserved for the burial of persons who occupied a high position in society. At the same time, the necropolis was reorganized. The historical burial sites were divided into four sectors. Subsequently, four more were added to them: on their territory you can find graves only from the 20th century.

In connection with the increase in the number of deceased people associated with the growth of the population of Moscow, a columbarium that is still in operation was opened, where urns with the ashes of the deceased are located. Currently, the columbarium houses over seven thousand urns.

As already mentioned, the special status of the cemetery is associated with the abundance of graves of famous people here. Most of them are marked by monuments made by recognized sculptors. Among those celebrities who are buried at the Novodevichy cemetery, Several groups can be distinguished:

Monument to Yeltsin

Perhaps the most famous burial is the grave, the photo of which is attached below. This is the tomb of the first elected president Russian Federation- Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin (died April 23, 2007). At first, at the burial site there was a traditional small hill and a wooden Orthodox cross. Later, as an assessment of Yeltsin’s merits in the formation of a new Russian statehood, his grave was “covered” with a marble Russian tricolor.

Tombstone N.S. Khrushchev

The monument to Khrushchev at the Novodevichy cemetery was made by avant-garde sculptor Ernst Neizvestny. During the moves when Nikita Sergeevich headed the Soviet Union, he harshly criticized the exhibition of works contemporary art. In fact, this meant a ban on creating. However, after being removed from power, Khrushchev reconsidered his views. Therefore, his son Sergei personally turned to Neizvestny with a request to design a monument for his father.

In his work, the sculptor symbolically expressed the duality of the nature of the former general secretary. The monument represents the golden head of Khrushchev, standing in a white marble niche against a background of black granite. This is exactly how Nikita Sergeevich is remembered by society: always wanting the good of his country, he made monstrous mistakes that cost dearly to the economy and foreign policy.

It should be noted that the Brezhnev authorities reacted coolly to the idea of the Unknown. Some saw in the black granite a hint of the stagnation that gripped the country in the 70s. With great difficulty, the family of the deceased managed to obtain permission to install a monument by Neizvestny.

Not all famous people wanted to be buried in a prestigious place. For example, Vasily Shukshin really wanted to be taken to Siberia, where he was born, after his death. His mother insisted on the same thing. But Shukshin’s significance for Soviet culture in the eyes of the authorities seemed to be a more important factor in comparison with last will the deceased and the wishes of his family.

For the Minister of Internal Affairs Soviet Union Andrei Gromyko's grave at Novodevichy turned out to be a kind of demotion in status. The fact is that it was originally planned to bury his body near the Kremlin wall, as was done with the most prominent politicians Soviet era. But the situation changed, the USSR entered a period of severe crisis and was falling apart before our eyes. Burial on the territory of the Kremlin has lost its relevance.

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation in 1998-1999. Evgeny Maksimovich Primakov was also buried at Novodevichy against his will. He wanted to rest next to his wife at the Kuntsevskoye cemetery, but according to the instructions of the authorities, his wish was ignored. The only thing in which his last will was respected was the poem engraved on the gray granite monument: “ I firmly decided: to be in the harness until the end, until I’m exhausted, until I fall. And if it becomes unbearably hard, then even then I will not leave the road.”It was written by Evgeniy Maksimovich himself.

Monument as a symbol

Most of the tombstones at Novodevichy reflect the professional side of the activities of the people buried there. For example, General Lebed is forever imprinted in his jacket, decorated with all the medals and insignia he received. The grave of TV presenter and traveler Yuri Senkevich is decorated with a sculptural wave with a reed vessel in memory of his sailing on the boats "Ra" and "Tigris" with Thor Heyerdahl.

The famous Russian clown and remembered for his role as the Goonie in the comedies of Leonid Gaidai, Yuri Nikulin, was also buried at Novodevichy. His monument is a bronze sculpture sitting with a cigarette between his fingers next to the grave. Monument to another famous actor, Vyacheslav Tikhonov, is a sculptural image of Stirlitz - his character from the popular film series “Seventeen Moments of Spring”.

In recognition of the merits of famous writers, their monuments are supplemented artistic depiction characters in their works. The tombstone of Alexander Fadeev was created according to this principle: his monument is surrounded by sculptural images of characters from the novel “The Young Guard”. Popular with Soviet power After his death, Alexey Tolstoy is also in the company of the heroes of his novels: “Walking through Torment” and “Peter the First”.

The poet Andrei Voznesensky personally developed the design of his tombstone. According to his plan, a split tombstone made of dark granite was installed on the grave, along which a massive ball was rolling down. Only a small crucifix keeps the ball from falling completely. At the request of the poet, there are no images or sculptures on his grave.

The history of the burial of N.V. Gogol

Every cemetery has dark legends associated with it.. For Novodevichy, such a legend arose thanks to his reburial in 1931 famous writer Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol. This happened at the height of anti-religious policies in the USSR. Then a decision was made to liquidate the Danilovsky Monastery and the cemetery belonging to it. During the transfer of the ashes of the deceased, the coffin was opened, and it was discovered that inner side its cover is scratched. Hence the rumors that the writer was buried alive.

The old monument to Gogol (a black stone with an uneven surface symbolizing Golgotha) was given as a tombstone to another Russian writer - Mikhail Bulgakov. Instead, a sculptural image of Gogol was installed with a dedication on behalf of the Soviet government. Only in 2009 the writer’s tombstone acquired its original appearance..

Excursion programs

Even this cursory review allows us to form a certain idea of the significance of the necropolis in the complex of cultural heritage of the country. Excursions are constantly held here for both domestic and foreign tourists, and special guides and maps or diagrams by section are compiled. Throughout the week from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., the entire Novodevichy Cemetery is open to the public. The address is easy to remember: Moscow, Luzhitsky proezd, 2.

For those who do not have the opportunity to personally join the excursion group, we offer virtual tours, which also costs much less than standard ones. But people who believe that such a service cannot be compared with the magical feeling that arises when entering the territory where people like Vishnevsky or Chernyakhovsky are buried should, of course, go there in person. Exist different kinds transport to the Novodevichy Cemetery: you can get there by metro, and get there by trolleybus or taxi.

Novodevichy Cemetery- one of the most famous necropolises of modern Moscow. It is located in the Central District of the capital, in Khamovniki. By the way, in St. Petersburg there is also a memorial complex with the same name -. The necropolis in Moscow is located on the territory adjacent to Novodevichy Convent. For its history, and Novodevichy Cemetery, according to historical information, originated in 1898, expanded several times. For the first time, the territory of the necropolis was expanded in 1949, in connection with this the so-called New Novodevichy cemetery appeared here. The churchyard was expanded for the second time in the late 70s. This territory also received its unofficial name - the Newest Novodevichy Cemetery. Today the area of the necropolis is more than 7.5 ha. Over 26 thousand people are buried here.

History of Novodevichy Cemetery

Historians believe that the first burials appeared here in the 16th century, that is, long before formal education cemeteries. The ancient tombs were located on the territory of the then still active Novodevichy Convent. Members were buried at the monastery necropolis royal families, in particular, the youngest daughter of Ivan the Terrible Anna, the daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the sisters of Peter I - princesses Sophia, Evdokia and Catherine, as well as the first wife of the emperor - Evdokia Lopukhina, rested here. Representatives of famous dynasties of princes, boyars and other privileged classes were buried in the necropolis of the monastery Tsarist Russia. Unfortunately, not many of the ancient tombstones of the monastery have survived to this day. The fact is that in 1930, in the monastery and on the territory of the necropolis, large-scale reconstruction, during which most of the tombs were not restored, but, on the contrary, were completely destroyed.

Monument to Yu. Nikulin at Novodevichy Cemetery

Celebrity graves at Novodevichy Cemetery

From Soviet times to this day, the memorial complex has been a place where many in our country have found peace. On :

a whole galaxy of Russians: A. Barto, M. Bulgakov, V. Mayakovsky, I. Ilf, N. Ostrovsky, N. Gogol, S. Marshak, V. Shukshin, A. Tvardovsky and others.
outstanding like A. Scriabin, I. Dunaevsky, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, M. Rostropovich, F. Chaliapin...
A special group of burials consists of tombstones belonging to the Soviet Union and Russia. L. Orlova, Y. Nikulin, L. Gurchenko, R. Bykov, E. Leonov, A. Papanov, A. Bondarchuk, A. Raikin, I. Savvina, I. Smoktunovsky, V. Tikhonov, M. Ulyanov, O. Yankovsky and many others.
On Novodevichy Cemetery There are many famous burials. So, here is the grave of the first president of Russia B. Yeltsin, N. Khrushchev, L. Kaganovich, V. Molotov, A. Mikoyan, V. Chernomyrdin, A. Lebed and other prominent figures of science, culture and art. Here, on Novodevichy, the first lady of the USSR Raisa Maksimovna Gorbacheva is buried.

Layout of the Novodevichy Cemetery

Scheme of Novodevichy Cemetery

Excursions to the Novodevichy necropolis

Novodevichy Cemetery is officially recognized as a historical and cultural monument of the Russian capital. The Moscow necropolis is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as in the list of the 100 most interesting necropolises in the world. Tour of the Novodevichy Cemetery included in many sightseeing tours, organized in Moscow. In turn, on the territory of the necropolis there is an office that conducts free excursions For everyone.

Tombstones dedicated famous people, in the new territory of the Novodevichy cemetery

Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery

Currently, the memorial complex remains operational, that is, new burials continue to take place on its territory. True, the traditional (coffin) at the necropolis is carried out only in relatives and family graves. Meanwhile, for new burials (in the form urn with ashes) at the Novodevichy cemetery niches are provided in the open columbariums, as well as specially allocated land. Place here is always very expensive, and headstones for graves are produced at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

How to get there and opening hours of Novodevichy Cemetery

How to get there from the metro: by buses No. 5, 64, 132 and 415m. Stop - “Khamovnichesky Val Street”.

I wander alone among the graves...

But again the silent moon

Brings fabulous news -

I don't know why, but I love cemeteries. The peace and quiet that reigns in such places somehow especially affects me. Walking among the grave monuments and studying the dates of birth and death, you become especially aware of the fragility of our lives and come to terms with the idea that we will all, sooner or later, rest in peace.

There is a cemetery in Moscow where anyone can pay tribute to the most famous and honored contemporaries. The whole flower of Russia rests on Novodevichy and not coming here at least once in your life is unforgivable. Yesterday, when November gave us another warm and sunny day, uncharacteristic for our latitudes at this time of year, we went to Luzhniki to look at the tombstones of those who brought glory to our country.

The Novodevichy Cemetery is located next to the Novodevichy Mother of God-Smolensky Convent on the Devichye Pole. Founded it Grand Duke Vasily III in 1524.

For the repose of the nuns of the monastery, a burial place was allocated on the territory of the monastery. The graveyard became known as the Novodevichy Cemetery.

In 1922, the Novodevichy Convent was closed, and the building housed the “Museum of the reign of Princess Sophia and the Streltsy riots,” which was later renamed the “Museum of the Emancipation of Women.” This museum did not last long, only 4 years.

Once upon a time, there were artists’ workshops on the territory of the monastery, for example, the bell tower was given to the futurist artist Vladimir Tatlin, and the famous restorer Pyotr Baranovsky lived here for almost 50 years.

The dead disturbed the museum staff; they felt uncomfortable near the graves, and the monastery necropolis was liquidated. After its liquidation, only 16 burials were moved to the modern cemetery. Reburials were carried out by relatives of the deceased, but many were afraid to do this, since monastery cemeteries were considered the territories of “whites,” and declaring kinship with deceased “enemies of the people” was dangerous at that time. The remaining monuments from the necropolis were collected in one place; those who wished to did so dismantled them to install them on the graves of their relatives, changing the old inscriptions to new ones.

In the old churchyard rest: the daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who were sisters of Peter the Great; relatives of Ivan the Terrible; Evdokia Lopukhina - the wife of the first Russian Emperor; Evdokia and Ekaterina Miloslavsky; Queen Sophia.

Later, in addition to church ministers, secular people of various classes began to be buried here: merchants, musicians, famous civil servants, writers and scientists. In particular, the graves of Denis Davydov, historian Pogodin, writer Lazhechnikov, Lieutenant Colonel Muravyov-Apostol, philosopher Solovyov, Prince Trubetskoy, General Brusilov have been preserved. In 1914, the remains of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov were buried here.

The modern territory of the cemetery is divided into three parts: old (sections 1-4), new (sections 5-8) and newest (sections 9-11). The total area of the cemetery exceeds 7.5 hectares. About 26 thousand people are buried there.

We walked around the churchyard in a strange mood. There are so many great families here! It is an honor to be buried here. Mogil ordinary people almost not.

So let's take a look at these tombstones.

Galina Ulanova. A ballerina whose name is inscribed in gold in the history of Russian ballet.

Monument to Army General Govorov. I really liked it. Very worthy, truly masculine.

Rossinsky is the “grandfather of Russian aviation.”

And this is the grave of Yuri Yakovlev. Do you remember the film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession”?

Cinematographer Vadim Yusov.

Sculptor Tsigal. Actress Lyubov Polishchuk was married to her nephew Sergei Tsigal.

I was struck by the grave of the artist Lev Durov. In my opinion, the monument perfectly conveys his personality.

Stanislav Govorukhin. Let it be for now.

famous surgeon Shumakov.

And this is Mikhail Ulyanov

Rolan Bykov's grave

Innokenty Smoktunovsky

Clara Luchko

Vertinsky.

Alla Bayanova

There are many visitors on the cemetery paths and among them there are almost no relatives of the deceased. Excursions lead here and you can often hear a guide tell a story at the graves. The cemetery became a museum

You can endlessly admire the peculiar architecture of the tombstones

An elegant monument to actress Tatyana Samoilova. "The Cranes Are Flying", "Anna Karenina"

Lyudmila Zykina

And next to you is Yuri Nikulin. An unusually living monument. It seems the clown sat down to rest and smoke a cigarette during a break between trips to the arena

A devoted dog lies nearby

The ballerina Ekaterina Maximova has a monument like this...

And this is the funny guy Boris Brunov

Beautiful Marina Ladynina

Amazing monument famous choreographer Igor Moiseev. Peculiar, right?

There are always fresh flowers at the grave, there are a lot of them

Grave of Mstislav Rostropovich and Galina Vishnevskaya. Modest in my opinion

I approached Evgeny Primakov with flowers. Recently this outstanding person it was a birthday. Hundreds Red roses. He was the conscience and honor of our government. I think so and respect him immensely

And this is the tricolor stretched over the grave of the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin

Behind Yeltsin - Igor Kio

Raisa Gorbacheva. Touching and very elegant. Conveys the image of the first lady of Russia

And people walk in dense groups and listen carefully to the guide

Vladimir Zeldin and his wife Ivetta are buried in the same grave

Elena Obraztsova

No words needed here. Tabakov....

And this is Nikita Khrushchev

A beautiful monument to the pilot Popkov

Lyudmila Gurchenko

Tatiana Shmyga

Vyacheslav Tikhonov. God, what names!

The grave of my favorite artist Oleg Borisov and his brother

Irina Arkhipova

Our great film traveler

Artem Borovik, who died in a plane crash

Evgeniy Evstigneev

And this is the grave of director Sergei Bondarchuk and his daughter Elena, who died of cancer in 2009

Look how modest and simple Evgeny Leonov’s grave is! Just the actor's autograph...

I stood here for a long time. Very. This is the grave of director Sergei Kolosov and his wife Lyudmila Kasatkina. What is love? Remember the ending of the Russians folk tales? "They lived a long time and died in one day." It was the same with them. Lyudmila Ivanovna Kasatkina ("Remember Your Name", "Tiger Tamer") outlived her husband by only 6 days. They only separated for six days! Incredible...

Let's stop in front of this grave. Here the circus artist and husband of Galina Brezhneva, Evgeny Milaev, will rest. In January of this year, the granddaughter of the Secretary General, Victoria, passed away.