The Dyatlov Pass Incident

The terrible mystery of the death of the Dyatlov group

The tragic story of a tourist group of students from the Ural Polytechnic Institute in February 1959 in the Northern Urals, called the Dyatlov group, is one of the most mysterious tragedies in history. The case was partially declassified only in 1989. According to researchers, some of the materials from the case were seized and are still classified. Due to a huge number of strange and inexplicable circumstances back in 1959, investigators were unable to solve this mystery. Until now, for many years, proactive volunteers have been trying to investigate and somehow explain the incredibly strange and scary story groups. However, there is still no completely harmonious version that would explain all the mysteries of this case.

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1. Dyatlov group.

On January 23, 1959, a group of 9 skiers from the tourist club went on a ski trip in the north Sverdlovsk region.

The group was led by experienced tourist Igor Dyatlov.

The goal of the hike is to go through the forests and mountains of the Northern Urals on a ski trip of the 3rd (highest) category of difficulty.

On February 1, 1959, the group stopped for the night on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl (translated from Mansi - Mountain of the Dead), not far from an unnamed pass (later called the Dyatlov Pass).

There were no signs of trouble.

These photographs of the group were later found in the cameras of the participants in the hike and developed by the investigation.

The group sets up a tent on the mountainside, time is about 17:00.

These are the most latest photos that were discovered.

On February 12, the group was supposed to reach the final point of the route - the village of Vizhay, send a telegram to the institute sports club, and return to Sverdlovsk on February 15. But neither on the appointed days nor later did the group appear at the final point of the route. It was decided to start searching.

2. Beginning of search and rescue operations.

Search and rescue operations began on February 22, and a detachment was sent along the route. There is not one around for hundreds of kilometers settlement, completely deserted places.

On February 26, a tent covered with snow was discovered on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl. The wall of the tent facing down the slope was cut.

The tent was later excavated and examined. The entrance to the tent was open, but the slope of the tent facing the slope was torn in several places. A fur jacket was sticking out of one of the holes.

Moreover, as the examination showed, the tent was cut from the inside. Here is a diagram of the cuts

At the entrance inside the tent there was a stove, buckets, and a little further on there were cameras. In the far corner of the tent there is a bag with maps and documents, Dyatlov’s camera, Kolmogorova’s diary, a jar of money. To the right of the entrance were food items. To the right, next to the entrance, lay two pairs of boots. The remaining six pairs of shoes lay against the wall opposite. The backpacks are laid out at the bottom, with quilted jackets and blankets on them. Some of the blankets were not laid out; there were warm clothes on top of the blankets. An ice ax was found near the entrance, and a flashlight was thrown on the slope of the tent. The tent turned out to be completely empty; there were no people in it.

Traces around the tent indicated that the entire Dyatlov group suddenly, for some unknown reason, left the tent, presumably not through the exit, but through the cuts. Moreover, people ran out of the tent into 30-degree frost, even without shoes and partially dressed. The group ran about 20 meters in the direction opposite to the entrance to the tent. Then the Dyatlovites, in a dense group, almost in a line, walked down the slope in their socks in the snow and frost. The tracks indicate that they walked side by side without losing sight of each other. Moreover, they did not run away, but walked away down the slope at the usual pace.

These protruding mounds of snow are their traces; this happens when a strong snowstorm passes through the area.

After about 500 meters along the slope, the tracks were lost under the thick snow.

The next day, February 27, one and a half kilometers from the tent and 280 m down the slope, near a cedar tree, the bodies of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were discovered. At the same time, it was recorded: Doroshenko’s foot and hair on his right temple were burned, Krivonischenko had a burn on his left shin and a burn on his left foot. A fire was discovered next to the corpses, which had sunk into the snow.

The rescuers were struck by the fact that both bodies were stripped down to their underwear. Doroshenko was lying on his stomach. Below him is a tree branch broken into pieces, on which he apparently fell. Krivonischenko was lying on his back. All sorts of small things were scattered around the bodies. There were numerous injuries on his hands (bruises and abrasions), his internal organs were filled with blood, and Krivonischenko had the tip of his nose missing.

On the cedar itself, at a height of up to 5 meters, branches were broken off (some of them lay around the bodies). Moreover, branches up to 5 cm thick, at a height, were first sawn with a knife, and then broken off with force, as if they were hanging on them with their whole body. There were traces of blood on the bark.

Nearby they found knife cuts with broken young fir trees and cuts on birch trees. The cut tops of the fir trees and the knife were not found. However, there was no suggestion that they were used for heating. Firstly, they do not burn well, and secondly, there was a relatively large amount of dry material around.

Almost simultaneously with them, 300 meters from the cedar up the slope in the direction of the tent, the body of Igor Dyatlov was found.

He was slightly covered with snow, reclining on his back, with his head towards the tent, his hand wrapped around the trunk of a birch tree. Dyatlov was wearing ski trousers, long johns, a sweater, a cowboy jacket, and a fur vest. On the right foot there is a woolen sock, on the left - a cotton sock. The watch on my wrist showed 5 hours 31 minutes. There was an icy growth on his face, which meant that before his death he had breathed into the snow.

Numerous abrasions, scratches, and bruises were revealed on the body; a superficial wound from the second to fifth fingers was recorded on the palm of the left hand; internal organs are filled with blood.

About 330 meters from Dyatlov, higher up the slope, under a 10 cm layer of dense snow, the body of Zina Kolmogorova was discovered.

She was dressed warmly, but without shoes. There were signs of nosebleeds on the face. There are numerous abrasions on the hands and palms; wound with a scalped flap of skin on the hand right hand; skin encircling the right side, extending to the back; swelling of the meninges.

A few days later, on March 5, 180 meters from the place where Dyatlov’s body was found and 150 meters from the location of Kolmogorova’s body, the corpse of Rustem Slobodin was found under a layer of snow of 15-20 cm. He was also dressed quite warmly, with a felt boot on his right foot, worn over 4 pairs of socks (the second felt boot was found in the tent). A watch was found on Slobodin’s left hand that showed 8 hours 45 minutes. There was an icy build-up on the face and there were signs of nosebleeds.

A characteristic feature of the last three tourists found was their skin color: according to the recollections of rescuers - orange-red, in the documents of the forensic examination - reddish-purple.

4. New scary finds.

The search for the remaining tourists took place in several stages from February to May. And only after the snow began to melt did objects begin to be discovered that pointed the rescuers in the right direction to search. Exposed branches and scraps of clothing led to a creek hollow about 70 m from the cedar, which was heavily covered with snow.

The excavation made it possible to find at a depth of more than 2.5 m a flooring of 14 trunks of small fir trees and one birch tree up to 2 m long. On the flooring lay spruce branches and several items of clothing. According to the position of these objects on the flooring, four spots were exposed, made as “ seats» for four people.

The bodies were found under a four-meter layer of snow, in the bed of a stream that had already begun to melt, below and slightly to the side of the flooring. First they found Lyudmila Dubinina - she froze, kneeling with her face facing the slope near the waterfall of the stream.

The other three were found a little lower. Kolevatov and Zolotarev lay in an embrace “chest to back” at the edge of the stream, apparently warming each other to the end. Thibault Brignoles was the lowest, in the water of the stream.

Clothes of Krivonischenko and Doroshenko - trousers, sweaters - were found on the corpses, as well as a few meters from them. All the clothes had traces of even cuts, as they had already been removed from the corpses of Krivonischenko and Doroshenko. The dead Thibault-Brignolles and Zolotarev were found well dressed, Dubinina was worse dressed - her faux fur jacket and hat were on Zolotarev, Dubinina's bare leg was wrapped in Krivonischenko's woolen trousers. Near the corpses, a Krivonischenko knife was found, which was used to cut young fir trees around the fires. Two watches were found on Thibault-Brignolle's hand - one showed 8 hours 14 minutes, the second - 8 hours 39 minutes.

Moreover, all the bodies had terrible injuries received while still alive. Dubinina and Zolotarev had fractures of 12 ribs, Dubinina - on both the right and left sides, Zolotarev - only on the right.

Later, an examination determined that such injuries could only be caused by a strong impact, such as being hit by a car moving at high speed or falling from a great height. It is impossible to cause such injuries with a stone in a person’s hand.

In addition, Dubinina and Zolotarev are missing eyeballs - squeezed out or removed. And Dubinina’s tongue and part of her upper lip were torn out. Thibault-Brignolle has a depressed fracture of the temporal bone.

It is very strange, but during the examination it was discovered that the clothes (sweater, trousers) contained radioactive substances with beta radiation.

5. Inexplicable.

Here is a schematic picture of all the bodies discovered. Most of the group's bodies were found in a head-to-tent position, and all were located in a straight line from the cut side of the tent, for more than 1.5 kilometers. Kolmogorova, Slobodin and Dyatlov did not die while leaving the tent, but, on the contrary, on the way back to the tent.

The whole picture of the tragedy points to numerous mysteries and oddities in the behavior of the Dyatlovites, most of which are practically inexplicable.
- Why didn’t they run away from the tent, but walked away in a line, at a normal pace?
– Why did they need to light a fire near a tall cedar tree on a windy area?
– Why did they break cedar branches at a height of up to 5 meters, when there were many small trees around for a fire?
– How could they get such terrible injuries on level ground?
– Why didn’t those who reached the stream and built sun loungers there survive, because even in the cold they could hold out there until the morning?
- And finally, the most important thing - what made the group leave the tent at the same time and in such a hurry with practically no clothes, no shoes and no equipment?

There are still a lot of questions, no answers.

6. Mount Kholatchakhl – mountain of the dead.

Initially, the local population of the northern Urals, the Mansi, was suspected of the murder. Mansi Anyamov, Sanbindalov, Kurikov and their relatives came under suspicion. But none of them took the blame.
They were rather scared themselves. Mansi said they saw strange “balls of fire” above the place where the tourists died. They not only described this phenomenon, but also drew it. Subsequently, the drawings from the case disappeared or are still classified. “Fireballs” were observed during the search period by the rescuers themselves, as well as other residents of the Northern Urals. As a result, suspicion against Mansi was lifted.

The very last frame was discovered on the film of the dead tourists, which is still causing controversy. Some claim that this shot was taken when the film was removed from the camera. Others claim that this shot was taken by someone from Dyatlov’s group from a tent when danger began to approach.

Mansi legends say that during global flood On Mount Kholat-Syakhyl, 9 hunters previously disappeared - “died of hunger,” “cooked in boiling water,” “disappeared in an eerie radiance.” Hence the name of this mountain - Kholatchakhl, translated - Mountain of the Dead. The mountain is not sacred place For the Mansi, it’s rather the opposite - they always avoided this peak.

Be that as it may, the mystery of the death of the Dyatlov group has not yet been solved.

7. Versions.

There are 9 main versions of the death of the Dyatlov group:
– avalanche
– destruction of a group by the military or intelligence services
– exposure to sound
– attack by escaped prisoners
- death at the hands of Mansi
– quarrel between tourists
– a version about the impact of a certain weapon being tested
– version of “controlled delivery”
– paranormal versions

I will not describe them in detail; all these versions can be easily found on the Internet. I can only say that none of these versions can still fully explain all the circumstances of the death of the Dyatlov group.

8. In memory of the victims.

After the tragedy, the pass was named Dyatlov Pass. In memory of the dead tourists, a memorial was erected there.

Igor Dyatlov, Zina Kolmogorova, Semyon Zolotarev.

In preparing this article, materials from several sources, forums and investigative reports were used:
– http://pereval1959.forum24.ru
– http://aenforum.org/index.php?showtopic=1338&st=0
– http://www.murders.ru/Dyatloff_group_1.html
– http://perdyat.livejournal.com/4768.html
– http://pereval1959.forum24.ru/?1-9-0-00000028-000-0-0-1283515314 (case)
– Wikipedia materials

Materials dedicated to the death of Dyatlov's tourist group on the night of February 2, 1959 in the Northern Urals are collected in our magazine under the label.

Publications on the topic of the death of Dyatlov’s tourist group:
– a detailed review publication on the topic of the death of the Dyatlov group.
– 30 chapters of an interesting investigation into the mystery of the death of the Dyatlov group: the “controlled delivery” version.
– publication “Interlocutor” together with colleagues from “ Komsomolskaya Pravda"and from Channel One took part in an expedition to Northern Urals.
– Why is it easier to believe in the incredible, what kind of secret document are the participants in the conflict waiting for from Bastrykin and when will they come face to face - in the material “URA.Ru”.
- version of the death of students on the night of February 2, 1959 from a missile test, from an explosion in the air, which caused the movement of crust and snow on Mount Kholatchakhl.
- feature film directed by Renny Harlin “The Mystery of the Dyatlov Pass” ( The Dyatlov Pass Incident), released in 2013, features the group American students trying to unravel the mystery of the death of Dyatlov’s tourist group in Russia in the Northern Urals in 1959.
- fragments of the rocket fell near the group, and in order to avoid the discovery of any evidence proving the involvement of the government and the military in this matter, the Dyatlovites were maimed and killed.
- a film examining and arguing the version of the involvement of the government and the military in the death of Dyatlov’s tourist group.

Electronic media « Interesting world" 07/30/2012

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The authors express sincere gratitude for the cooperation and information provided to the Public Memory Fund of the “Dyatlov Group” and personally to Yuri Kuntsevich, as well as Vladimir Askinadzi, Vladimir Borzenkov, Natalya Varsegova, Anna Kiryanova and Ekaterinburg photo processing specialists.

INTRODUCTION .

In the early morning of February 2, 1959, on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl in the vicinity of Mount Otorten in the Northern Urals, dramatic events occurred that led to the death of a group of tourists from Sverdlovsk led by 23-year-old student of the Ural Polytechnic Institute Igor Dyatlov.

Many circumstances of this tragedy have not yet received a satisfactory explanation, giving rise to many rumors and conjectures, which gradually grew into legends and myths, based on which several books have been written and a number of films have been filmed. feature films. We think we succeededto restore the true development of these events, which puts an end to this protracted story. Our version is based on strictly documentary sources, namely on the materials of the Criminal Case of the history of the death and search of the Dyatlovites, as well as on some everyday and tourist experience. This is the version we offer to the attention of all interested persons and the organization, insisting on its authenticity, but not claiming a new coincidence in detail.

BACKGROUND

Before finding themselves at the site of a cold overnight on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl on the night of February 1–2, 1959, a number of events occurred with Dyatlov’s group.

So, the very idea of ​​this trek III, the highest category of difficulty, came to Igor Dyatlov a long time ago and took shape in December 1958, as Igor’s senior tourism comrades spoke about. *

The composition of the participants in the planned hike changed during its preparation, reaching up to 13 people, but the core of the group, consisting of UPI students and graduates with experience in tourist hikes, including joint ones, remained unchanged. It included - Igor Dyatlov - 23-year-old leader of the campaign, 20-year-old Lyudmila Dubinina - supply manager, Yuri Doroshenko - 21 years old, 22-year-old Alexander Kolevatov, Zinaida Kolmogorova - 22 years old, 23-year-old Georgy Krivonischenko , 22-year-old Rustem Slobodin, Nikolai Thibault - 23 years old, 22-year-old Yuri Yudin. Two days before the hike, 37-year-old Semyon Zolotarev, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a front-line soldier who graduated from the Institute of Physical Education, and a professional tourism instructor, joined the group.

At the beginning, the hike went according to plan, with the exception of one circumstance: on January 28, Yuri Yudin left the route due to illness. The way forward The group did it with nine members. Until January 31, the hike, according to the general diary of the hike, the diaries of individual participants, and the photos given in the File, was proceeding normally: difficulties were surmountable, and new places gave the young people new impressions. On January 31, Dyatlov’s group made an attempt to overcome the pass separating the valleys of the Auspiya and Lozva rivers, however, encountering strong winds at low temperatures (about -18) they were forced to retreat for the night to the forested part of the Auspiya river valley. On the morning of February 1, the group got up late, left some of their food and belongings in a specially equipped storehouse (this took a lot of time), had lunch, and at approximately 15:00 on February 1, set out on the route. The materials on the termination of the Criminal Case, apparently expressing the collective opinion of the investigation and interviewed specialists, say that such a late start on the route was first Igor Dyatlov's mistake. At the beginning, the group most likely followed its old trail, and then continued moving in the direction of Mount Otorten and at about 17 o’clock settled for a cold night on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl.

To facilitate the perception of information, we present a wonderfully compiled diagram of the scene of events given by Vadim Chernobrov (Ill. 1).

Ill. 1. Map of the scene.

The materials of the criminal case say that Dyatlov “came to the wrong place where he wanted”, making a mistake in the direction and taking much to the left than required to reach the pass between heights 1096 and 663. This, according to the compilers of the case, was the second mistake of Igor Dyatlov.

We do not agree with the investigation’s version and believe that Igor Dyatlov stopped the group not by mistake, by accident, but SPECIFICALLY in a place previously planned in the previous transition.

Our opinion is not alone - an experienced tourist student, Sogrin, who was part of one of the search and rescue groups that found Igor Dyatlov’s tent, stated the same during the investigation. Modern researcher Borzenkov also speaks about the planned stop in the book “Dyatlov Pass. Research and materials", Yekaterinburg 2016, p. 138. What prompted Igor Dyatlov to do this?

COLD NIGHT.

Arriving as we believe , to the point pre-designated by Dyatlov, the group began setting up a tent, according to all “tourist and mountaineering rules.” The question of a cold overnight stay baffles the most experienced specialists and is one of the main mysteries of the tragic campaign. Many different versions have been put forward, including the absurd, saying that this was done for “training.”

Only we managed to find a convincing version.

The question arises whether the participants in the campaign knew that Dyatlov plans cold night. We think that they didn’t know*, but they didn’t argue, knowing from previous campaigns and stories about them about the difficult behavior of their leader and forgiving him for it in advance.

*This is indicated by the fact that the fire accessories (an axe, a saw and a stove) were not left at the storage shed; moreover, a dry log of wood was even prepared for kindling.

Taking part in the general work on arranging an overnight stay, only one person expressed his protest, namely, 37-year-old Semyon Zolotarev, a professional tourism instructor who went through the war. This protest was expressed in a very peculiar form, indicating the high intellectual abilities of its applicant. Semyon Zolotarev created a very remarkable document, namely Combat leaflet No. 1 " Evening Otorten.

We consider Combat Leaflet No. 1 “Evening Otorten” to be the key to solving the tragedy.

The name itself speaks about the authorship of Zolotarev “ Combat leaf." Semyon Zolotarev was the only veteran of the Great Patriotic War among the participants in the campaign, and a very well-deserved one, having four military awards, including the medal “For Courage.” In addition, according to the tourist Axelrod, reflected in the Case, the handwriting of the handwritten “Evening Otorten” coincides with the handwriting of Zolotarev. So, at first“Combat leaflet”, it is said that “according to the latest scientific data Bigfoot people live in the vicinity of Mount Otorten.”

It must be said that at that time the whole world was gripped by the fever of searching for Bigfoot, which has not subsided to this day. Similar searches were also conducted in the Soviet Union. We think that Igor Dyatlov was aware of this “problem” and dreamed of meeting Bigfoot and for the first time in the world and take a photo of it. From the materials of the Case it is known that Igor Dyatlov met with old hunters in Vizhay, consulted with them on the upcoming campaign, perhaps they were talking about Bigfoot. Of course, experienced hunters* told the “young” the whole “truth” about Bigfoot, where he lives, what his behavior is, what he loves.

*The case file contains the testimony of Chargin, 85 years old, that in Vizhay a group of Dyatlov tourists approached him as a hunter.

Of course, everything that was said was in the spirit of traditional hunting tales, but Igor Dyatlov believed what was said and decided that the outskirts of Otorten were just the ideal place for Bigfoot to live and it was only a matter of small things - getting up for a cold night, exactly cold, since Bigfoot loves the cold and out of curiosity he himself will approach the tent. The place for a possible overnight stay was chosen by Igor in the previous transition on January 31, 1959, when the group actually reached the pass separating the basins of the Auspiya and Lozva rivers.

A photo of this moment was preserved, which allowed Borzenkov to accurately determine this point on the map. The picture shows that, obviously, Igor Dyatlov and Semyon Zolotarev are arguing very fiercely about the future route. It is obvious that Zolotarev is against logically difficult to explain Dyatlov’s decision to return back to Auspiya and offers to “take the pass,” which was a matter of about 30 minutes, and go down for the night into the Lozva River basin. Note that in this case the group would have camped for the night just about in the area of ​​that same ill-fated cedar.

Everything becomes logically explainable if we assume that already at that moment Dyatlov was planning a cold overnight stay, precisely on the slope of Mountain 1096 *, which, if he spent the night in the Lozva basin, would have been on the sidelines.

*This mountain, called Mount Kholatchakhl in Mansi, is translated as “ Mountain of the 9 Dead". The Mansi consider this place “unclean” and avoid it. So from the Case, according to the testimony of student Slabtsov, who found the tent, the Mansi guide who accompanied them flatly refused to go up this mountain. We think that Dyatlov decided that if it’s impossible, then he needs to prove to everyone that it’s possible and he’s not afraid of anything, and he also thought that if they say it’s impossible, that means exactlyhere The notorious Bigfoot lives.

So, at approximately 5 pm on February 1, Igor Dyatlov gives unexpected the team, a group that had rested for half a day, stood up for a cold night, explaining the reasons for this decision with the scientific task of finding Bigfoot. The group, with the exception of Semyon Zolotarev, reacted calmly to this decision. In the time remaining before bedtime, Semyon Zolotarev produced his famous “Evening Otorten”, which is actually a satirical work, sharply critical established order in the group.

In our opinion, there is a justified point of view on the further tactics of Igor Dyatlov. According to the experienced tourist Axelrod, who knew Igor Dyatlov well from joint hikes, Dyatlov planned to raise the group in the dark, at about 6 o’clock in the morning, then go to storm Mount Otorten. Most likely this is what happened. The group was getting ready to get dressed (more precisely, put on shoes, since people slept in clothes), while having breakfast with crackers and lard. According to numerous testimonies from participants in rescue operations, crackers were scattered throughout the tent; they fell out of crumpled blankets along with pieces of lard. The situation was calm, no one, except Dyatlov, was seriously upset that the Bigfoot did not come and that, in fact, the group had undergone such significant inconvenience in vain.

Only Semyon Zolotarev, who was located at the very entrance to the tent, was seriously indignant at what had happened. His discontent was fueled by the following circumstance. The fact is that February 2 was Semyon’s birthday. And it looks like he started “celebrating” it by drinking alcohol already at night, and it looks like one, because According to Doctor Vozrozhdenny, no alcohol was found in the bodies of the first 5 tourists found. This is reflected in the official documents (Acts) given in the Case.

About a feast with chopped lard and empty flask with The smell of vodka or alcohol at the entrance to the tent where Semyon Zolotarev was located is directly indicated in the Case by the prosecutor of the city Indel Tempalov. A large flask of alcohol was seized from the discovered tent by student Boris Slobtsov. This alcohol, according to student Brusnitsyn, a participant in the events, was immediately drunk by the members of the search group who found the tent. That is, in addition to the flask with alcohol There was a flask with the same drink in the tent. We think that we're talking about specifically about alcohol, not about vodka.

Warmed up by alcohol, Zolotarev, dissatisfied with the cold and hungry night, left the tent to go to the toilet (a trace of urine remained near the tent) and outside demanded an analysis of Dyatlov’s mistakes. Most likely, the amount of alcohol consumed was so significant that Zolotarev became very drunk and began to behave aggressively. Someone must have come out of the tent in response to this noise. At first glance, this should be the leader of the campaign, Igor Dyatlov, but we think that it was not he who came to the conversation. Dyatlov was located at the farthest end of the tent; it was inconvenient for him to climb over everyone and, most importantly, Dyatlov was significantly inferior in physical characteristics to Semyon Zolotarev. We believe that the tall (180 cm) and physically strong Yuri Doroshenko responded to Semyon’s demand. This is also supported by the fact that ice ax, found near the tent, belonged to Yuri Doroshenko. So, in the materials of the Case there was a note made in his hand: “go to the trade union committee, take mine ice ax." Thus, Yuri Doroshenko, atthe only one from the whole group as it turned out later, it was time to put on my boots. Track the only person was wearing boots documented in the Act by prosecutor Tempalov.

There is no data on the presence or absence of alcohol in the body of 4 people found later (in May), and, specifically, Semyon Zolotarev in the Acts of Doctor Vozrozhdeniy, because The bodies had already begun to decompose at the time of the study. That is, the answer to the question: “Was Semyon Zolotarev drunk or not?” There is no case in the materials.

So, Yuri Doroshenko, wearing ski boots, armed with an ice ax and taking with him a Dyatlov flashlight for illumination, because... it was still dark (it was light at 8-9 am, and the action took place around 7 am), he crawls out of the tent. A short, harsh and unpleasant conversation took place between Zolotarev and Doroshenko. It is obvious that Zolotarev expressed his opinion about Dyatlov and the Dyatlovites.

From Zolotarev’s point of view, Dyatlov makes serious mistakes. The first of these was Dyatlov’s passage of the mouth of the Auspiya River. As a result, the group had to make a detour. It was also incomprehensible to Zolotarev that the group retreated on January 31 to the bed of the Auspiya River instead of going down to the bed of Lozva and, finally, absurd, and, most importantly, ineffective cold night. The dissatisfaction hiddenly expressed by Zolotarev in the newspaper “Evening Otorten” spilled out.

We think that Zolotarev proposed to remove Dyatlov from the post of leader of the campaign, replacing him with someone else, meaning primarily himself. It is difficult to say now in what form Zolotarev proposed this to us. It is clear that after drinking alcohol the form should be sharp, but the degree of sharpness depends on the person’s specific reaction to alcohol. Zolotarev, who knew war in all its manifestations, of course had a disturbed psyche, and could simply become agitated to the point of alcoholic psychosis, bordering on delirium. Judging by the fact that Doroshenko left an ice ax and a flashlight and chose to hide in a tent, Zolotarev was very excited. The guys even blocked his way into the tent, throwing a stove, backpacks, and food at the entrance. This circumstance, right down to the term “barricade,” is repeatedly emphasized in the testimonies of participants in the rescue operation. Moreover, at the entrance to the tent there was an ax, absolutely unnecessary in this place.

It is obvious that the students decided to actively defend themselves.

Perhaps this circumstance infuriated the drunken Zolotarev even more (so in the tent at the entrance the canopy of the sheet was literally torn to pieces). Most likely, all these obstacles only infuriated Zolotarev, who was rushing into the tent to continue the showdown. And then Zolotarev remembered about the gap in the tent on the “mountain” side, which everyone had repaired together at the previous campsite. And he decided to get inside the tent through this gap, using “psychological weapons” so that he would not be hindered, as was done at the front.

Most likely he shouted something like "I'm throwing a grenade".

The fact is that the country in 1959 was still overflowing with weapons, despite all the Government Decrees on their surrender. Getting a grenade at that time was not a problem, especially in Sverdlovsk, where weapons were taken for melting down. So the threat was very real. And in general, it seems very likely that this was not just an imitation of a threat.

MAYBE THERE WAS A REAL COMBAT GRENADE.

Apparently, this is exactly what Investigator Ivanov had in mind when he spoke about a certain “piece of hardware” that he did not investigate. A grenade could be really useful on a hike, in particular, for killing fish under the ice, as was done during the war, since part of the route passed along rivers. And, quite possibly, front-line soldier Zolotarev decided to take such a “necessary” item on the campaign.

Zolotarev did not calculate the effect of his “weapon”. The students took the threat seriously and, in a panic, made two cuts in the tarpaulin and left the tent. This happened around 7 o'clock in the morning, as it was still dark, as evidenced by the flashlight in the lit condition, dropped by students and subsequently found by searchers 100 meters from the tent down the slope.

Zolotarev walked around the tent and, continuing to imitate a threat, decided to teach the “young people” while drunk. He lined up the people (as witnessed by all the people who observed the tracks) and commanded “Down,” giving the direction. He gave me one blanket with him, saying, keep warm with one blanket, as in that Armenian riddle from “Evening Otorten”. This is how the cold night of the Dyatlovites ended.

TRAGEDY IN THE URAL MOUNTAINS.

People went down, and Zolotarev climbed into the tent and apparently continued to drink, celebrating his birthday. The fact that someone remained in the tent is evidenced by the subtle observer student Sorgin, whose testimony is given in the Case.

Zolotarev settled down on two blankets. All the blankets in the tent were crumpled, with the exception of two, on which they found skins from the loin that Zolotarev had snacked on. It was already dawn, the wind had risen, passing through a hole in one part of the tent and cutouts in another. Zolotarev covered the hole with Dyatlov’s fur jacket, and had to deal with the cutouts in a different way, since the initial attempt to plug the cutouts with things, following the example of the hole, failed (so, according to Astenaki, several blankets and a quilted jacket were sticking out of the cutouts of the tent). Then Zolotarev decided to lower the far edge of the tent by cutting the stand - a ski pole.

Due to the severity of the fallen snow (the fact that there was snow at night is evidenced by the fact that Dyatlov’s flashlight was lying on the tent on a layer of snow about 10 cm thick), the stick was rigidly fixed and it was not possible to pull it out immediately. The stick had to be cut with the long knife used to cut lard. They managed to pull out the cut stick, and parts of it were found cut from the top of the backpacks. The far edge of the tent sank and covered the cutouts, and Zolotarev positioned himself at the front pole of the tent and, apparently, fell asleep for a while, finishing off the alcohol from his flask.

Meanwhile, the group continued to move down, in the direction indicated by Zolotarev. It is attested that the tracks were divided into two groups - to the left of 6 people, and to the right - two. Then the tracks converged. These groups apparently corresponded to the two openings through which the people had climbed out. The two on the right are Thibault and Dubinina, who were located closer to the exit. On the left are everyone else.

One man walked in boots(Yuri Doroshenko, we believe). Let us remind you that this is documented, in the Case, recorded by Prosecutor Tempalov. It also says that there were traces eight, What documented confirms our version that one person remained in the tent.

It was getting light, it was difficult to walk because of the snow that had fallen and, of course, it was desperately cold, because... the temperature was about -20 C with wind. At approximately 9 o'clock in the morning, a group of 8 tourists, already half-frozen, found themselves next to a tall cedar tree. Cedar was not chosen by chance as the point near which they decided to build a fire. In addition to the dry lower branches for the fire, which we managed to “obtain” with the help of cuts, an “observation post” was equipped with great difficulty to monitor the tent. For this purpose, Finnish woman Krivonischenko cut out several large branches that obstructed the view. Below, under the cedar tree, with great difficulty, a small fire was lit, which, according to the concurring estimates of various observers, burned for 1.5-2 hours. If you were at the cedar at 9 am, it took an hour to make a fire and plus two hours - it turns out that the fire went out around 12 noon.

Still taking Zolotarev’s threat seriously, the group decided not to return to the tent for now, but to try to “hold out” by building some kind of shelter, at least from the wind, for example, in the form of a cave. It turned out to be possible to do this in a ravine, near a stream that flowed towards the Lozva River. 10-12 poles were cut for this shelter. What exactly the poles were supposed to serve for is not clear, maybe they planned to build a “floor” out of them, throwing spruce branches on top.

Zolotarev, meanwhile, was “resting” in the tent, lost in an anxious drunken sleep. Having woken up and sobered up a little, at about 10-11 o’clock he saw that the situation was serious, the students had not returned, which meant they were “in trouble” somewhere, and he realized that he had “gone too far.” He followed the tracks downwards, realizing his guilt and already without a weapon (the ice ax remained at the tent, the knife in the tent). True, it remains unclear where the grenade was located, if indeed there was one. At about 12 o'clock he approached the cedar. He walked dressed and wearing felt boots. The footprint of one person in felt boots was recorded by observer Axelrod 10-15 meters from the tent. He walked down to Lozva.

The question arises: “Why is there no or not noticed ninth trail? The issue here is most likely the following. The students descended at 7 o’clock in the morning, and Zolotarev at about 11. By this time he rose at dawn strong wind, drifting snow, which partly blew away the snow that fell at night, and partly compacted it, pressed it to the ground. It turned out thinner, and most importantly, more dense layer of snow. In addition, felt boots are larger in area than boots, and even more so feet without shoes. The pressure from felt boots on the snow per unit area is several times less, so the traces of Zolotarev’s descent were barely noticeable and were not recorded by observers.

The people at the cedar, meanwhile, met him in a critical situation. Half-frozen, they unsuccessfully tried to warm themselves up by the fire, bringing their freezing hands, feet and faces close to the fire. Apparently due to this combination of frostbite and mild burns, an unusual red skin coloration of the exposed parts of the body was observed in the five tourists found in the first phase of the search.

People placed all the blame for what happened on Zolotarev, so his appearance did not bring relief, but served to further escalate the situation. Moreover, the psyche of hungry and freezing people, of course, worked inadequately. Possible apologies from Zolotarev, or vice versa, his command orders, obviously, were not accepted. Lynching has begun. We think that Thibault first demanded, as an initial measure of “retribution,” to remove his felt boots and then demanded that he give up the “Victory” watch, which reminded Zolotarev of his participation in the war, which, obviously, was a source of pride for him. This seemed extremely offensive to Zolotarev. In response, he hit Thibault with a camera, which he may have demanded to give up. And again he “didn’t calculate”, obviously there was still alcohol in the blood. I used the camera as sling* he pierced Thibault's head, effectively killing him.

* This is evidenced by the fact that the camera strap was wound around Zolotarev’s hand.

In the conclusion of Dr. Vozrozhdeniy it is said that Thibault’s skull is deformed in a rectangular area measuring 7x9 cm, which approximately corresponds to the size of a camera, and the torn hole in the center of the rectangle is 3x3.5x2 cm. This approximately corresponds to the size of the protruding lens. The camera, according to numerous witnesses, was found on Zolotarev’s corpse. The photo was saved.

After this, of course, everyone present attacked Zolotarev. Someone was holding hands, and Doroshenko, the only one in boots, kicked him in the chest and in the ribs. Zolotarev desperately defended himself, hit Slobodin so that his skull cracked, and when Zolotarev was immobilized by collective efforts, he began to fight with his teeth, biting off the tip of Krivonischenko’s nose. This is apparently what they taught in front-line intelligence, where, according to some information, Zolotarev served.

During this fight, Lyudmila Dubinina for some reason she was counted among Zolotarev’s “supporters”. Perhaps at the beginning of the fight she sharply objected to lynching, and when Zolotarev actually killed Thibault, she fell into “disgrace.” But, most likely, the rage of those present turned to Dubinina for this reason. Everyone understood that the beginning of the tragedy, its trigger point, was Zolotarev’s intake of alcohol. The case contains evidence from Yuri Yudin that, in his opinion, one of the main shortcomings in organizing Dyatlov’s campaign was no alcohol, which it was he, Yudin, who failed to obtain in Sverdlovsk, but, as we already know, there was alcohol in the group after all. This means that the alcohol was purchased on the way to Vizhay, Indel, or, most likely, in last moment before entering the route at the loggers in the 41st forest area. Since Yudin did not know about the presence of alcohol, it was obviously kept secret. Dyatlov decided to use alcohol under some emergency circumstances - such as an assault on Mount Otorten, when his strength was running out, or to celebrate the successful completion of a campaign. But the supply manager and accountant Dubinin could not have known about the presence of alcohol in the group, since it was she who allocated public money to Dyatlov for the purchase of alcohol on the road. People or Dyatlov personally decided that she was talking about it spilled the beans Zolotarev, who slept nearby and with whom she willingly communicated (photos have been preserved). In general, Dubinina actually received the same, even more severe injuries than Zolotarev (10 ribs were broken in Dubinina, 5 in Zolotarev). In addition, her “chatty” tongue was torn out.

Considering that the “opponents” were dead, one of the Dyatlovites, fearing responsibility, gouged out their eyes, because There was and still is a belief that the image of the killer remains in the pupil of a person who died a violent death. This version is supported by the fact that Thibault, who was mortally wounded by Zolotarev, had his eyes intact.

Let's not forget that people acted on the verge of life and death, in a state of extreme excitement, when animal instincts completely turn off acquired human qualities. Yuri Doroshenko was found with frozen foam at his mouth, which confirms our version of his extreme degree of excitement, reaching rabies.

It looks very much like Lyudmila Dubinina suffered without guilt. The fact is that with almost 100 percent probability Semyon Zolotarev was an alcoholic, like many of the direct participants in the fighting in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The fatal role here was played by the “People’s Commissar” 100 grams of vodka, which were issued at the front every day during hostilities. Any narcologist will say that if this continues for more than six months, then dependence of varying severity inevitably arises, depending on the physiology of a particular person. The only way to avoid the disease was to refuse the “People's Commissars”, which, of course, is something that a rare Russian person can do. So it’s unlikely that Semyon Zolotarev was such an exception. An indirect confirmation of this is an episode on the train on the way from Sverdlovsk, described in the diary of one of the participants in the campaign, which is given in the Case. A “young alcoholic” approached the tourists, demanding the return of a bottle of vodka that, in his opinion, had been stolen by one of them. The incident was hushed up, but most likely Dyatlov “figured out” Zolotarev and, when buying alcohol, strictly forbade Lyudmila Dubinina to tell Zolotarev about it. Since Zolotarev nevertheless took possession of Dyatlov’s alcohol, and then everyone else decided that Dubinin’s caretaker was to blame for this, who let it slip, spilled the beans. Most likely this was not the case. Students in their youth did not know that alcoholics develop a supernatural “sixth” sense for alcohol and they successfully and accurately find it in any conditions. Just by intuition. So Dubinina most likely had nothing to do with it.

The described bloody tragedy occurred at about 12 noon on February 2, 1959, next to the ravine where a shelter was being prepared.

This time of 12 noon is defined as follows. As we already wrote, tourists in panic left the tent through the cutouts at about 7 o'clock in the morning on February 2, 1959. The distance to the cedar is 1.5-2 km. Taking into account the “nakedness” and “barefoot” and the difficulties of orientation, the difficulties of orientation in the dark and at dawn, the group reached the cedar in an hour and a half or two. It turns out 8.5-9 o'clock in the morning. It's dawn. Another hour to prepare firewood, cut branches for the observation post, prepare poles for the flooring. It turns out that the fire was lit around 10 o'clock in the morning. According to numerous testimonies from search engines, the fire burned for 1.5-2 hours. It turns out that the fire went out when the group went to sort things out with Zolotarev to the ravine, i.e. at 11.30 - 12 o'clock. So it comes out around 12 noon. After the fight, having lowered the bodies of the dead into the cave (dropping them), a group of 6 people returned to the cedar.

And the fact that the fight took place near the ravine is proven by the fact that, according to the expert opinion of Dr. Vozrozhdeniy, Thibault himself could not move after the blow. They could only carry him. And it was difficult for dying, half-frozen people to carry even 70 meters from the cedar to the ravine. obviously I can't do it.

Those who retained their strength, Dyatlov, Slobodin, and Kolmogorov rushed to the tent, the path to which was now clear. Exhausted from the fight, Doroshenko, the fragile Krivonischenko and Kolevatov remained at the cedar and tried to rekindle the fire near the cedar, which had gone out during the fight in the ravine. Thus, Doroshenko was found fallen on dry branches, which he apparently carried to the fire. But it seems they were unable to rekindle the fire. After some time, perhaps very short, Doroshenko and Krivonischenko froze to death. Kolevatov lived longer than them, and finding that his comrades were dead, and it was not possible to re-light the fire, he decided to meet his fate in the cave, thinking that one of those who were in it might still be alive. He cut off some of the warm clothing of his dead comrades with a Finn and carried them to the “hole in the ravine” where the rest were located. He also took off Yuri Doroshenko’s boots, but apparently decided that they were unlikely to be useful and threw them into a ravine. The boots were never found, as were a number of other things of the Dyatlovites, which is reflected in the Case. In the Kolevatov cave, Thibo,

Dubinina and Zolotarev met their death.

Igor Dyatlov, Rustem Slobodin and Zinaida Kolmogorova met their death on the hard way to the tent, fighting for life to the last. This happened around 13 o'clock in the afternoon on February 2, 1959.

The time of death of the group, according to our version, 12-13 o’clock in the afternoon, coincides with the assessment of the remarkable forensic expert Dr. Vozrozhdenny, according to whom the death of all victims occurred 6-8 hours after the last meal. And this reception was breakfast after a cold night at approximately 6 am. 6-8 hours later gives 12-14 pm, which almost exactly coincides with the time we indicated.

A TRAGIC CONDITION HAS COME.

CONCLUSION .

It is difficult to find right and wrong in this story. Sorry for everyone. The greatest blame, as it was stated in the materials of the Case, lies with the head of the UPI Gordo sports club; it was he who should have checked the psychological stability of the group and only after that given the go-ahead to go out. I feel sorry for the perky Zina Kolmogorova, who loved life so much, the romantic, dreaming of love Luda Dubinin, the handsome foppish Kolya Thibault, the fragile Georgy Krivonischenko with the soul of a musician, the faithful comrade Sasha Kolevatov, the home boy of the mischievous Rustem Slobodin, sharp, strong, with his own concepts of justice, Yuri Doroshenko. I feel sorry for the talented radio engineer, but the naive and narrow-minded person and the useless leader of the campaign, the ambitious Igor Dyatlov. I feel sorry for the honored front-line soldier, intelligence officer Semyon Zolotarev, who did not find the right paths so that the campaign would go as he probably wanted, as best as possible.

In principle, we agree with the conclusions of the investigation that “the group was faced with natural forces that they were unable to overcome.” Only we believe that these natural forces were not external, but internal. Some were unable to cope with their ambitions; Zolotarev did not make psychological allowances for young age participants of the campaign and its leader. And of course, Violation of Prohibition played a huge role during the campaign, which apparently officially operated among UPI students.

We believe that the investigation ultimately came to a version close to the one we voiced. This is indicated by the fact that Semyon Zolotarev was buried separately from the main group of Dyatlovites. But the authorities considered it undesirable for political reasons to publicly voice this version in 1959. Thus, according to the memoirs of investigator Ivanov, “In the Urals, there probably won’t be a person who in those days did not talk about this tragedy” (see the book “Dyatlov Pass” p. 247). Therefore, the investigation was limited to an abstract formulation of the reason for the death of the group, given above. Moreover, we believe that the materials of the Case contain indirect confirmation of the version of the presence of a combat grenade or grenades in the possession of one of the participants in the campaign. So in the Acts of Doctor Vozrozhdeniy it is said that multiple fractures of the ribs in Zolotarev and Dubinina could have occurred as a result of the action air shock wave, which is precisely generated by the explosion of a grenade. In addition, the prosecutor-criminologist, Ivanov, who conducted the investigation, as we already wrote about this, spoke about the “underinvestigation” of some piece of hardware found. Most likely we are talking about Zolotarev’s grenade, which could end up anywhere from a tent to a ravine. It is obvious that the people conducting the investigation exchanged information and, perhaps, the “grenade” version reached Doctor Vozrozhdeniy.

We also found direct evidence that already at the beginning of March, that is, in initial phase searches, the explosion version was considered. So investigator Ivanov writes in his memoirs: “There were no traces of the explosion wave. Maslennikov and I carefully considered this” (see in the book “Dyatlov Pass” the article by L.N. Ivanov “memories from family archive" With. 255).

This means that there were grounds for searching for traces of the explosion, that is, it is possible that the grenade was found by sappers after all. Since the memoirs are about Maslennikov, this determines the time - the beginning of March, so Maslennikov subsequently left for Sverdlovsk.

This is evidence very significant, especially if you remember that at that time the main one was the “Mansi version”, that is, that they were involved in the tragedy local residents Mansi. The Mansi version completely collapsed by the end of March 1959.

The fact that by the time the bodies of the last four tourists were discovered in early May, the investigation had come to certain conclusions is evidenced by the complete indifference of Prosecutor Ivanov, who was present when the bodies were dug up. The leader speaks about this in his memoirs last group search engines Askinadzi. So, most likely, the grenade was found not near the cave, but somewhere along the stretch from the tent to the cedar in February-March, when a group of sappers with mine detectors was working there. That is, by May, by the time the bodies of the last four dead were discovered, everything was already more or less clear to the prosecutor-criminologist Ivanov, who conducted the investigation.

Obviously, that this tragic incident should serve as a lesson for tourists of all generations.

And for this, the activities of the Dyatlov Foundation should, as we believe, be continued.

ADDITION. ABOUT FIREBALLS.

The monster is loud, mischievous, huge, yawning and barking

It is no coincidence that we cited this epigraph from the wonderful story of the enlightener A.N. Radishchev "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow." This epigraph is about the state. So how “evil” was the Soviet state in 1959 and how did it “bark” at tourists?

That's how. Organized a tourist section at the institute, where everyone studied for free and received a scholarship. Then this “evil one” allocated money in the amount of 1,300 rubles for the trip of his students, gave them free use of the most expensive equipment for the duration of the trip - a tent, skis, boots, windbreakers, sweaters. Helped with planning the trip and developing the route. And even arranged a paid business trip for the leader of the campaign, Igor Dyatlov. The height of cynicism in our opinion. This is how our country, in which we all grew up, barked at tourists.

When it became clear that something unexpected had happened to the students, they immediately organized an expensive and well-organized rescue and search operation involving aviation, military personnel, athletes, other tourists, as well as the local population of Mansi, who showed their best side.

What about the famous BALLS OF FIRE? Which tourists were allegedly so afraid of that they barricaded the entrance to the tent, and then cut it open in order to urgently get out of it?

We also found the answer to this question.

We were greatly helped in finding this answer by images that, using a unique technique, were obtained by processing film from Semyon Zolotarev’s camera, a group of researchers from Yekaterinburg. Recognizing the significant importance of this work, we would like to draw attention to the following easily verifiable and obvious data.

It is enough to simply rotate the resulting images to see that they do not depict mythical"fireballs" and real and quite understandable plots.

So if we rotate 180 degrees one of the images from the book “Dyatlov Pass” and called “Mushroom” by the authors, then we can easily see the dead face of one of the Dyatlovites who was the last to be found, namely Alexander Kolevatov. It was he who, according to eyewitnesses, was found with his tongue hanging out, which can be easily “read” in the photo. From this fact it is obvious that Zolotarev’s film, after the footage he shot during the campaign, filmed by the Askinadzi search group.

Ill. 3. “Mysterious” photo No. 7 *. Kolevatov's face.

This is the “Mushroom” object in Yakimenko’s terminology.

*Photos 6 and 7 are shown in the article by Valentin Yakimenko “Films of the Dyatlovites”: Searches, finds and new mysteries” in the book “Dyatlov Pass” p.424. This is also where the numbering of pictures comes from. This position is further proven by this frame called “Lynx” by the authors.

Let's rotate it 90 degrees clockwise. In the center of the frame, the face of a man from the Askinadzi search group is clearly visible. Here is a photo from his archive.

Ill.4 Asktinadzi group. By this point people already knew where the bodies are located and they made a special dam - the trap "in the photo" - to detain them in the event of a sudden flash flood. Photo from late April – early May 1959.

Ill. 5 “Mysterious” photo No. 6 (Lynx object) according to Yakimenko’s terminology and an enlarged image of the search engine.

We see that, in the center of the frame, from Zolotarev’s film, a man from the Askinadzi group.

We think that it was no coincidence that this person turned out to be in the center frame. Perhaps it was he who played the key, main, central role in the search - figured out where the bodies of the last Dyatlovites were. This is also evidenced by the fact that even in the group photo of the search engines he feels like a winner and is positioned above everyone else.

We believe that All other photographs given in Yakimenko’s article are similar, purely earthly origin.

So, thanks to the joint efforts of specialists from Yekaterinburg, primarily Valentin Yakimenko and ours, the mystery of the “fireballs” was resolved by itself.

It simply never existed.

As well as the “fireballs” themselves in the vicinity of Mount Otorten on the night of February 1-2, 1959.

We respectfully present our work to all interested individuals and organizations.

Sergey Goldin, analyst, independent expert.

Yuri Ransmi, research engineer, specialist in image analysis.

,
5th year student of the radio engineering faculty of the Ural Polytechnic Institute (UPI). Born on January 13, 1936 in the city of Pervouralsk. The leader of the group on this trip. At the time of the tragedy he was 23 years old.

,
4th year student of the radio engineering faculty of UPI, born on January 29, 1938 in the village of Dvoretskaya Polyana, Streletsky district, Kursk region. At the time of the tragedy, he was 21 years old, and he celebrated his last birthday right on the hike, three and a half days before his death.

,
4th year student at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of UPI, born on May 12, 1938 in the village of Kegostrov on Kego Island, which is located within the city of Arkhangelsk at the mouth of the Northern Dvina. She was only 20 years old when she died on February 2, 1959 in the valley of the Lozva River on the banks of its Fourth tributary under Mount Kholatchakhl.

(always asked to call himself Alexander or Sasha),
from 1941 to 1945 he was a participant in the Great Patriotic War, took an active part in hostilities and had four awards, a 1950 graduate of the Institute physical culture Byelorussian SSR, born on February 2, 1921 in the village of Udobnaya Krasnodar region, before the hike he worked as a senior instructor at the Kourovka camp site in the Sverdlovsk region, but quit just before the hike. In terms of age, he was the oldest on the campaign, he was 38 years old.

,
4th year student at the Faculty of Physics and Technology of UPI, born on November 16, 1934 in the city of Sverdlovsk. At the time of the tragedy, he was already 24 years old, since before entering the institute he graduated from the Sverdlovsk Mining and Metallurgical College named after I. I. Polzunov and managed to work for one year at the Glavgorstroy Research Institute (PO Box 3394). In 1954 he entered the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute at the Faculty of Metallurgy, and in 1956 he transferred to UPI for the 2nd year.

,
5th year student of the radio engineering faculty of UPI, born on January 12, 1937 in the village of Cheremkhovo, Kamensky district, Sverdlovsk region. On the day of her death she was 22 years old.

(friends called him Yuri),
a 1957 graduate of the construction faculty of UPI, born on February 7, 1935 in the city of Zugres, Donetsk region of Ukraine, at the time of the campaign he worked as an engineer in the city of Chelyabinsk-40 at plant number 817 (nowadays known as the Mayak production association), he could celebrated his 24th birthday on a hike, but he remained 23 years old forever.

,
a 1958 graduate of the mechanical faculty of UPI, born on January 11, 1936 in Moscow, worked as an engineer in the city of Chelyabinsk-40 at plant number 817 (nowadays known as the Mayak production association), shortly before the start of the campaign he turned 23 years old.

,
1958 graduate of the construction faculty of UPI, born June 5, 1935 in the city of Osinniki Kemerovo region, at the time of the campaign he worked as a foreman engineer in Sverdlovsk, he was 24 years old.

,
4th year student of the Faculty of Engineering and Economics of UPI, born July 19, 1937. He was the tenth participant in the campaign. But at the beginning of the campaign he got a wind, he got sick and returned home. That's why he survived. It cannot be said that Yuri Yudin is the only survivor in Dyatlov’s group, since he did not reach Mount Kholatchakhl, and, accordingly, he was not in the tent on the slope of this mountain. Yuri Yudin participated in the search for the dead Dyatlov group and then for many years took part in various events to privately investigate the death of the Dyatlov group and in events to perpetuate the memory of his friends. Over all these years, he has repeatedly participated in television shows, filmed films and given numerous interviews.
Yuri Efimovich Yudin died on April 27, 2013.

Photo from the hike of Igor Dyatlov’s group - we hitched a ride from Vizhay to the logging village.

In the photo, the hike of Dyatlov’s group - from the logging village to the abandoned village, which was previously part of the IvdelLaga system - backpacks were transported on a cart. The next day, January 28, the sick Yuri Yudin returned by cart, and the remaining 9 tourists continued their skiing trip.

Then the story of the Dyatlov Pass should undoubtedly be familiar to you. In this article we will consider in detail all the facts related to the mysterious death of the Dyatlov group.

Despite the fact that the death of individual tourists and entire tourist groups is not a unique phenomenon (at least 111 people died on ski trips from 1975 to 2004 alone), the death of the Dyatlov group continues to attract the attention of researchers, journalists and politicians - even covering the events of more than half a century ago on the central TV channels of Russia.

So, before you is the mystery of the Dyatlov Pass.

The Mystery of the Dyatlov Pass

On the border of Komi and the Sverdlovsk region, in the north of the Urals, Mount Kholatchakhl is located. Until 1959, translated from Mansi, its name was translated as “Dead Peak,” but at a later time it began to be called “Mountain of the Dead.”

For unknown reasons, many people died on it under a variety of mystical circumstances. One of the most mysterious and enigmatic tragedies occurred on the night of February 1, 1959.

Dyatlov expedition

On this frosty and clear day, a group of tourists consisting of 10 people set off to conquer Kholatchakhl. Despite the fact that the ski tourists were still students, they already had sufficient experience in climbing mountain peaks.

The leader of the group was Igor Dyatlov.

An interesting fact is that one of the participants, Yuri Yudin, was forced to return home already at the start of the ascent.

His leg hurt badly, so he simply would not have been physically able to cover a long distance with his comrades. As it turns out later, this sudden illness will save his life.

Dyatlov group

So, the expedition set off with 9 people. With the onset of darkness, on one of the slopes of the mountain, Dyatlov’s group made a pass and set up tents. After that, the guys had dinner and went to bed.

It is worth noting here that according to the criminal case, the tent was installed correctly and with an acceptable degree of inclination. This suggests that no natural factors threatened the lives of the expedition members.

After examining photographs subsequently discovered by the investigative team, it turned out that the tent was set up at approximately 6 p.m.

And already at night something happened that entailed the terrible death of the entire group, consisting of 9 people.

When it became clear that the expedition was missing, the search began.

Mountain of the Dead

In the third week of the search, pilot Gennady Patrushev noticed the Dyatlov Pass and the dead tourists from the cockpit. An interesting fact is that by some chance the pilot met the guys from Dyatlov’s group on the eve of their fateful ascent.

This acquaintance took place in one of the local hotels. Patrushev knew and understood perfectly well the dangers fraught with the famous “Mountain of the Dead.” That is why he repeatedly dissuaded climbers from climbing it.

He even tried to interest them in other peaks, doing everything possible to make them abandon the planned trip. However, all Gennady’s efforts were in vain, since the tourists’ goal was “Mountain of the Dead.”

When the rescue team arrived at the pass where the tragedy occurred, a terrible picture opened before them. Two people were lying near the entrance to the tent, and another was inside it.

The tent itself was cut from the inside. Apparently the students, driven by some kind of fear, were forced to cut it with a knife and then run away down the mountainside, half naked.

The Mystery of the Pass

The study of the footprints that the dead guys left at the pass deserves special attention. When studying them, it turned out that for some unknown reason the members of Dyatlov’s group ran along the pass in zigzags for some time, but then gathered again in one place.

It seemed as if some supernatural power did not allow them to scatter in different directions from the threatening danger.

No foreign objects or foreign traces were found at the pass. There were also no signs of a hurricane or avalanches.

Traces of Dyatlov's group are lost on the border with the forest.

The investigation also established that two students tried to start a fire near the pass. At the same time, for some reason they were in the same underwear and most likely died from frostbite.

Igor Dyatlov himself lay in visible proximity to them. According to experts, he probably tried to crawl to the tent, but he did not have enough strength.

But this is not all the mysteries of the Dyatlov Pass tragedy.

Death of the Dyatlov group

There were no injuries found on the bodies of 6 students, but this was not the case with the other three participants. They died as a result of multiple wounds with numerous hemorrhages.

Their heads were pierced through, some of their ribs were broken, and one of the girls had her tongue brutally torn out. An interesting fact is that the investigation team did not find any bruises or even abrasions on the bodies of the victims.

The autopsy results raised even more questions. Cracks were found on the skull of one of the tourists, but the skin remained intact and unharmed, which, in principle, cannot happen when receiving such injuries.

Mystic

Since the death of Dyatlov’s tour group caused a serious commotion in society, forensic prosecutors arrived at the site of the tragic pass. They managed to discover some more unexplained phenomena.

They noticed burnt marks on the trunks of spruce trees growing on the outskirts of the forest, but no sources of ignition were identified. Experts concluded that some kind of heat ray was probably directed at the trees, damaging the spruce in such a mysterious way.

This conclusion was also made because the rest of the trees remained intact, and the snow at their base did not even melt.

As a result detailed analysis of all the events that happened that night at the pass, the following picture emerged. After the tourists covered about 500 m barefoot, they were overtaken and destroyed by some unknown force.

Radiation

During the investigation into the death of Dyatlov and his companions, the internal organs and belongings of the victims were examined for the presence of radioactive substances in them.

Here, too, an inexplicable mystery awaited the investigators. The fact is that experts discovered radioactive substances on the surface of the skin and directly on the things themselves, the appearance of which was impossible to explain.

After all, on the territory Soviet Union no nuclear tests were carried out at that time.

UFO

There was even a version put forward that a UFO was to blame for the death of Dyatlov’s tour group. Perhaps this assumption was due to the fact that during the search operation, the rescuers saw some fireballs flying over their heads. Nobody could explain this phenomenon.

Moreover, on the last day of March 1959, for 20 minutes, local residents observed an eerie picture in the sky. A huge ring of fire moved along it, which then disappeared behind the slope of one of the mountains.

Witnesses also said that a star suddenly appeared from the center of the ring and slowly moved down until it completely disappeared from sight.

This mysterious incident left already frightened local residents in disarray. People turned to the authorities to involve scientists in carefully studying the mysterious phenomenon and explaining its nature.

Who killed the Dyatlov group

For some time, the investigative team assumed that representatives of the local Mansi people, who had already committed crimes of a similar nature, were guilty of the murder of the skiers.

Police officers detained and questioned many suspects, but in the end, all of them had to be released due to lack of evidence.

The criminal case into the death of Dyatlov’s tourists at the tragic pass was closed.

The official wording was quite abstract and vague. It claimed that the students died because “a spontaneous force that tourists were unable to overcome”.

The true cause of the death of the tour group on the “Mountain of the Dead” could not be established.

Latest news about the Dyatlov group

Since the tragedy occurred and up to the present day, many different versions of the death of the Dyatlov group have been put forward. There are more than 60 of them in total.

Some believed that the cause of death of tourists was, others suggested that a man-made disaster was to blame.

The report stated that the skin of the dead was orange or purple colors, and on the clothes, as mentioned earlier, background radiation was detected.

An interesting fact is that absolutely all the dead students from Dyatlov’s group turned out to be gray-haired. This is only possible when people experience extreme strong fear or panic terror.

There is a version that the students died as a result of a rocket crash. This assumption arose due to the fact that a ring belonging to one of the Soviet missiles was found not far from the site of the tragedy.

Radioactive bomb explosion

There is an opinion that Dyatlov’s tour group died due to the “Vacuum Weapon”, which was allegedly tested in 1944. This is largely due to the fact that the skin of the victims had a reddish tint, and internal bleeding was also detected.

Similar signs can be observed due to a vacuum explosion. But even in this case, everything is not so simple.

The fact is that the development of vacuum weapons began only in the late 60s of the last century, as a result of which this version cannot be taken seriously.

Dyatlov group in 1959

On the film of the dead students, investigators found the last frame, causing a lot of heated debate among researchers. It shows strange light spots on a dark background.

Some say that the picture was taken at the moment when the film was removed from the camera. According to another version, this photo was taken by one of the victims at the moment when they felt danger approaching.

Currently, there are 9 main versions of the death of members of the Dyatlov expedition:

• avalanche;
• spy version about “controlled delivery”;
• man-made disaster or weapons testing;
• killing of the group by the military;
• exposure to sound;
• conflict between skiers;
• attack by escaped prisoners;
• murder by robbers of Mansi;
• paranormal activity.

Unfortunately, none of the nine assumptions can fully explain the cause of the terrible tragedy that occurred at the Dead Man Mountains pass in 1959.

And although this creepy story happened more than half a century ago, it is still covered in secrets and mysteries. Perhaps in the future, more advanced equipment will help experts solve the case of the terrible death of Dyatlov’s tour group on the “Mountain of the Dead.”

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“Death occurred from paralysis of the respiratory center”

A military doctor told his version of the death of the Dyatlov group

Photo taken by Dyatlov's group on the last trip

The story of the mysterious death on the night of February 1 to 2, 1959 in the north of the Sverdlovsk region of a group of nine tourists led by a fifth-year student at UPI (part of UrFU) Igor Dyatlov is one of those in which no one will ever be able to put an end to . There are a million versions: an avalanche, Bigfoot, a rocket explosion, a sabotage group, escaped prisoners, Mansi, dissatisfied with the invasion of sacred places for them. Recently, a website correspondent met a former military medic, 66-year-old Vladimir Senchenko. Now he lives in Kamensk-Uralsky, but he comes from the north of the region, and served in missile units for many years..

— What do you know about this whole story with the death of tourists?

- Let's start with the map... A military paramedic, he served in the missile forces and I know about this matter. I'm tired of hearing: either the aliens arrived, or the bear came out and attacked everyone.

- In fact, there are more versions, and most of them are not so fantastic.

— In those years, military tests were carried out in the Ivdel region, missiles were tested. All local residents knew this well. They were often called fire snakes. I myself, when I lived in Maslovo, saw 5-6 launches every winter. In the summer, by the way, there were none. Only carried out in winter. They walked from the Serov district to the north, approximately along the Serov-Ivdel railway. Once, by the way, I saw two missiles flying at the same time. What does this mean? That these were not only tests of ballistic missiles. According to the instructions, they cannot test two ballistics simultaneously. Yes, everything was classified, but even our last poor students knew that weapons, including nuclear weapons, were being tested in the north. We were strongly advised not to walk in the rain, not to walk in the snow. And why? Because the fallout was radioactive.

— Do you want to say that the entire north of the Sverdlovsk region is infected?

- It’s less now. Listen further. When I graduated from medical school, I was sent to Vizhay. But I didn’t get to Vizhay, I worked in the village of First Severny. I was placed there with geophysicists, or at least that’s how they were introduced to me at first. Supposedly they make some kind of maps and all that stuff. On weekdays, these people disappeared in the taiga, and on weekends they rested in the village. One fine day, it was Monday and I had a day off, one of them, the youngest, stayed at the base. He was probably 25 years old. He offered me a drink, I didn’t refuse, we sat down. I asked him why he didn’t go with everyone. And then he began to talk. I won’t go, he says, not at all anymore, how do you live here, they say? He says you can’t live here, there’s radiation all around. It turned out that they are not geophysicists at all. They walk through the taiga and collect all sorts of junk left over from the launches. “I want to live,” he says. The next day he planned to go to their office, get a payment and leave the village. Only when I came home the next day after work, I was no longer able to get into the apartment. It turned out there was a shot. He locked himself in a room and shot himself. This is instead of going home. Two uncles arrived and took the body. Me for interrogation. I pretended to be, as we called it then, a “rag.”

— How does this relate to the Dyatlov Pass?

“The problem is that people have absolutely no idea what an explosion is.” They think that these are, relatively speaking, fragments, a bunch of holes and all that jazz. Absolutely no one knows exactly what a blast wave or hydrodynamic shock is. Even I, who worked as a medic for seven years and served in missile units from the Caucasus to the Urals, until some point, studied this only as an elective. I want to say that the four wounded from Dyatlov’s group (Rustem Slobodin, Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexey Zolotarev, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolle - website) are not a bear or aliens, they are a blow from a blast wave.

- In fact, this is one of the most popular versions, why are you so sure of this?

— All these combinations of injuries suggest this idea: rib fractures, head injuries. This is what happens with a blast wave. If he fell, for example, on a backpack, on a stone, or on another person during an explosion, he broke his ribs and injured his head. True, if we describe these injuries separately, and this is exactly what was done in the pathologist’s report, then nothing is clear. It is possible that the pathologist could have known about everything, but he was simply forbidden to write as it is. (Forensic medical examination of all the dead was carried out by the forensic expert of the regional bureau of forensic medicine, Boris Vozrozhdenny. At the same time, the forensic expert of the city of Severouralsk, Ivan Laptev, also took part in the examination of the first four bodies on March 4, 1959, and an expert took part in the examination of the last four bodies on May 9, 1959 - criminologist Henrietta Churkina - website).

— Do you want to say that a rocket explosion occurred near Mount Kholatchakhl, on the slope of which on February 1, 1959 Igor Dyatlov’s group camped for the night?

— Let me remind you that launches were carried out mainly in the evening. At least, it was at this time of day that local residents, including myself, most often observed them in those years. At this time, Dyatlov’s group was just getting up for the night. The second important point: during testing, all missiles are equipped with a self-detonation system. The most secret part at that time was the rocket fuel; for better ignition, an oxidizer based on nitric acid was added to it. Therefore, the electronics exploded the fuel tank. The missiles then came at a low altitude, and Dyatlov’s group stood on the mountain. There is every reason to believe that we are dealing with a self-detonation of a rocket that occurred close to them.

— The disadvantage of the missile version is that the Ministry of Defense assures that there were no launches that day.

“We read carefully what they wrote: there were no training launches of ballistic missiles. Question: were any others produced? Nobody asked this question. We could be talking about tactical missiles with a flight range of 300-400 km.

— The strange reddish-orange skin tone that was seen on the bodies of the dead tourists speaks in favor of the missile version. Allegedly, these are traces of exposure to rocket fuel.

— When you opened a tank with this fuel, smoke or steam instantly appeared from there orange color. Couples were pouring out like a fountain, from orange to Brown depending on the lighting. They are quite heavy. On the one hand, they slowly settle, on the other, they are slowly blown away by the wind. In general, it turned out that after the rocket explosion, the group still found itself under a cloud of vapor from this fuel.

— Where did the rocket itself or its fragments go in this case?

— It is a mistake to believe that a rocket falls into pieces when it self-detonates. The rocket body itself went a little further. According to the instructions, helicopter pilots picked him up at the first opportunity, but no later than three days later. They, as a rule, flew behind. Large parts were collected at the earliest opportunity, and small parts were collected even before the 70s.

- Could they see the tent and the bodies on the slope?

— We could see the tent. But these comrades have strict orders to follow their course and not interfere in anything else. Moreover, by that time everyone was already dead. A cloud of vapor went down from the explosion site, and there is no need to explain what acid vapor is.

- Stop, just right.

— To imagine what it is, you can spill nitric acid in a room. There is a strong irritant effect on the respiratory tract and effects on the eyes. A severe cough, runny nose, and tears begin. I guess they were in the tent by the time the cloud reached them. I had to run. By this time they began to suffocate, hence the cuts in the tent. Where to run? Just down, away from the cloud. Besides, try to drag a wounded person up a mountain in winter, but they had a ratio of four wounded to five survivors.

- I believe that they went down to the river (a tributary of the Lozva - site). We found this niche near the river: a cliff, there we simply hid from the wind.

In the case of the death of the Dyatlov group - new evidence

We caught our breath a little and looked around. It's freezing, there aren't enough clothes. We must go back. But there is strong irritation in the eyes, they can’t really see. Plus cough and runny nose. Here you need to understand one more thing: each person’s sensitivity is different. For example, I tolerate acid more easily than alkali. Then they decide to leave part of the group by the river, the rest climbed a little higher up the slope to the edge of the forest, where they break branches and light a fire..

- Why didn’t anyone return? It wasn't much of a walk to the tent.

“The oxidizing agent I told you about does not cause burns as such. It is quickly absorbed into the body and causes poisoning, accompanied by a red-orange coloration of the skin. Within half an hour, a person dies from paralysis of the respiratory center. That's why none of them reached the tent.

“When the bodies were found, they were lying on the slope one after another. Zinaida Kolmogorova was closest to the tent. Why?

— There may be several versions. They received the same amount of poisoning, but everyone’s tolerance is different. A woman’s body’s resistance is usually higher, which is why she climbed the furthest.

“The missile version, however, does not explain why some of the victims were missing eyes, and Dubinina was missing her tongue and part of her lower lip.

“Everyone took notice and became fixated on it.” In fact, the bodies were not immediately covered with snow. Eyes, lips, tongue - all these are the softest tissues; they could really be pecked out by birds or chewed out by mice. There is an explanation why, for example, there was no tongue - they were suffocating, and this girl simply died while inhaling. The mouth remained open, and the animals could easily take advantage of this.

- Fine. Do you have an understanding of which missile test could have led to the death of the Dyatlov group?

— The launch of the S-75 complex flies one to one like those fiery snakes that we saw in my native village. This is the missile, by the way, that was used to shoot down Powers (pilot of the American U-2 spy plane - website) on May 1, 1960 in the sky over Sverdlovsk. It is possible that it was tested in 1959. By the way, around the same years, the S-125 complexes were tested. I think this question could be addressed to the Ministry of Defense.