Nekrasov who lives well in Rus' is good. The image and characteristics of Grisha Dobrosklonov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”: description in quotes

Essay on the topic “The image of the people’s intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov. 3.00 /5 (60.00%) 2 votes

In Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” we see a huge variety of images and heroes. They are all different: rich and poor, workers and clergy, bares and princes. Each of the images is important and undoubtedly carries great meaning.
All the heroes of the poem can be divided into two groups. The first group are peasants and workers. These include Yakim Nagogo, Ermila Grinin, old man Savely, Ipat, Klim and other peasants. This group of people are simple workers who have fallen into economic dependence and cannot find real happiness. Each of them tells its own story, they are all different, but they have the same meaning: the difficult lot of the Russian people does not allow them to live calmly and happily. The peasants are in constant subordination, one might even say “slavery,” to their masters. Permanently busy hard work Having endured all the hardships of everyday peasant life, people could “rest” only on holidays. The only entertainment for the working peasants was drinking. Bitter drunkenness killed many of them.
The second group is the boyars, princes - the ruling class. Many of the peasants are slavishly devoted to them and are happy that they can obey the boyars.

Grisha Dobrosklonov: character story

“Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?” Russian schoolchildren are trying to find the answer to this question together with. The writer’s poem about men’s wanderings around the world in search of a happy man is called an encyclopedia folk wisdom. The epic work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” contains many characters, and only at the end does he appear main character who turns out to be the lucky one is Grisha Dobrosklonov. " People's Defender“dreams that the Motherland will rise from its knees and the people will gain true freedom.

History of creation

The idea of ​​writing an epic in verse about the life of the Russian people, as a summing up of experience and observations revolutionary poet, came to Nikolai Nekrasov in the late 1850s. The writer took personal impressions of communicating with ordinary people as a basis, and also relied on some literary works.

So, the main source of inspiration was “Notes of a Hunter”. Here Nekrasov spied colorful images of characters and central messages. And only in 1863, when the country had already lived for two years without the shackles of serfdom, the writer sat down to work, eventually spending 14 years collecting and preparing the material.

As planned folk poem showed the unfolding destinies of various strata of society - from peasants to the ruler of the state. The main characters are looking for happy people on Russian soil, they had to travel from their native villages to St. Petersburg, where they would even meet with the Tsar. The journey lasted for a year, fitting into eight parts. However, the plan was not destined to come true - the seriously ill author managed to give the world only four chapters.

As parts were ready, they were published in the magazines Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski. Today the poem looks the same as it was published, because the author did not have time to clarify the “correct” composition:

• "Prologue";
• "Last One";
• "Peasant Woman";
• "A feast for the whole world."

The last chapter did not reach the reader during Nikolai Nekrasov’s lifetime. It was published three years after the death of the author, and then with serious censorship edits. Before his death, the writer changed his plan, trying to convey main idea, and made the ending open, where the most significant character appears - Grisha Dobrosklonov, who became the desired lucky man.

There was no time left to develop the image, so readers saw only a hint of the intended outcome of the poem. Feeling the end of his life, Nikolai Alekseevich lamented:

“One thing I deeply regret is that I did not finish my poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

The writer tried to make the poem as accessible as possible to the perception of ordinary people, so he tried to introduce rhythm into the work folk tales, added a scattering of songs, sayings and sayings, dialect words.

In the work there was a place for details from fairy tales: a self-assembled tablecloth, the number “seven” (so many wanderers went in search of happiness), a bird that can speak in a human voice, the uncertainty of time and place (“in which land - guess” echoes the phrase from folklore “ in some kingdom, in some state").

Plot and image

One day, “on a pillared path,” seven peasants met, and a dispute ensued between them about who should live well in Rus'. Each voiced his own assumption: for sure, the lucky ones are among the priests, landowners, officials, merchants, and boyars. And finally, the king lives freely. It was not possible to come to a consensus, so the men went in search of a happy man to personally verify his existence.

The road leads travelers to the Volga, where the heroes meet peasants who are hiding the abolition of serfdom from the crazy old landowner. In exchange, the rich man’s relatives promise to give the peasants floodplain meadows after his death. However, they never keep their word.

A rumor that a “good-witted” and successful “governor” lives in a certain city leads wanderers to Matryona Timofeevna. However, she disappoints them, claiming that in Rus' there is no trace of female happiness. In the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the peasants of a village on the Volga organize a celebration to mark the death of a landowner. Grisha Dobrosklonov, the 17-year-old son of a priest, appears among the initiators of the party.

The author created the image of a people's defender with a difficult life story. The young man was born into the family of a lazy beggar sexton and a farm laborer from a remote village. Hungry childhood, seminary, where I also had a hard time... The support and generosity of neighboring peasants helped me not to die of hunger, so love for the common people with early years originated in the heart of the hero.

From the character’s description it is clear that Grisha Dobrosklonov sees happiness not in personal good, but in making life easier and simpler for the people. Its meaning life path contains the phrase:

"...and about fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner."

Image analysis and public position Nekrasova answer the question why Dobrosklonov is happy. The hero stands apart from the scattering of characters in the poem; he is distinguished by his rebellious character and special perception of life. Other characters demonstrate submission to fate, become victims of circumstances. And Grisha is a fighter, the embodied fruit of the author’s thoughts on the paths that would lead Russian people to well-being.

According to critics, the character becomes a continuation of the image, the hero of Ivan Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons”, but unlike him, the young man from literary work Nekrasov is not alone; a revolutionary fire has already thoroughly flared up in the minds of people.

The poem contains a description of an intelligent democrat, born and raised in a poor outback, who seeks the truth in books and kills time thinking. Dobrosklonov is a poet who sings songs imbued with revolutionary optimism. The author’s attitude towards the hero is warm: Nikolai Nekrasov put into Grisha his own traits and thoughts about the triumph of democracy.

The artistic outline of the work is woven from random meetings and conversations, individual destinies are intertwined in it, and all together creates a picture of a poor, dirty and drunken Rus', standing on the threshold of change.

The work never came to the attention of the directors. Although in 1989 the namesake of the poem appeared - the film “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was released with, and starring. But the picture does not echo Nekrasov’s poem: the actions take place in post-war years 20th century.

Quotes

“He heard immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness!

“Fate had prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia."

“To feel sorry - to regret skillfully...”

“And I would be glad to go to heaven, but where is the door?”

“To be intolerant is an abyss! To endure is an abyss.”

“Oh mother! oh homeland!
We are not sad about ourselves, -
I feel sorry for you, dear.”

“Russian peasants are smart,
One thing is bad
That they drink until they are stupefied,
They fall into ditches, into ditches -
It’s a shame to see!”

1. “Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?”
2. The untold story about the fate of Ermil Girin.
3. The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov as a future people's intercessor.

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was conceived by N. A. Nekrasov as an epic of peasant life. Although serfdom had already been abolished, this did not solve all the problems of the village; on the contrary, often free men and landowners faced new difficulties. Nekrasov wanted to talk about this in his poem. Thus, the plot and images of this work could only be realistic. However, the author also introduced fairy-tale motifs into the poem: seven men, who decided to find out who had the best life in Rus', caught a chick of a talking bird, who gave them a self-assembled tablecloth for its release. Thereby magic item seven peasants can calmly go on a long journey, in which they hope to find the answer to their question, posed by Nekrasov in the title of the poem.

Each of the wanderers who started a dispute about who “lives cheerfully and freely in Rus'” had his own opinion on this matter:

Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
To the fat-bellied merchant! —
The Gubin brothers said,
Ivan and Metrodor.
Old man Pakhom pushed
And he said, looking at the ground:
To the noble boyar,
To the sovereign minister.
And Prov said: to the king...

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” remained unfinished. Not everyone from the above list was interviewed by wanderers. They managed to talk with the landowner and the priest. Big chapter is dedicated to the fate of the Russian peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna, who decisively told the wanderers that it was pointless to look for a happy one among Russian women. The wanderers made an attempt to look for a happy person among ordinary men, just like themselves. But the “man’s happiness” is all right: “holey with patches, hunchbacked with calluses.” Unexpectedly, one peasant told them about Ermil Girin, who enjoys the respect and trust of his fellow villagers and residents of neighboring villages:

If Yermil doesn’t help,
Will not be declared lucky
So there's no point in wandering around...

Yermil came from the common people. In his youth, he served as a clerk in the office of the estate manager, Prince Yurlov. It was then that people appreciated him highly moral qualities. Yermil selflessly helped the peasants in any way he could. Of course, his position was very small, but still, as a literate person, he could give practical advice, help draw up a request, and for the peasants this was of great importance. It is especially important that Yermil did not take money for his help - after all, most officials, even the smallest ones, willingly used their official position for personal gain. During the five years that Yermil worked in the office, he gained the respect of the peasants, who subsequently elected him mayor, village headman.

Yermil’s authority among the people did not suffer even after he once used his official position to relieve his brother from military service. The act of the selfless and honest Yermil did not cause indignation in anyone except the mother of the peasant who was taken as a soldier instead of Mitri, Yermil’s brother: We are silent: there is nothing to argue here,

The master of the headman's brother himself

I wouldn't tell you to shave
One Nenila Vlasevna
I cry bitterly for my son,
Shouts: not our turn!

However, the unfair act, which the villagers were ready to forgive their elder, haunted Yermil. Remorse almost drove him to suicide, and even when justice was restored, he resigned from his position, publicly repenting before the people. But the people still trusted Yermil. This is evidenced by the story of the purchase of the mill. Within an hour, a miracle happened: in response to the cry thrown by Yermil, the people collected the amount that had to be deposited immediately after the auction. And then, when Yermil went out to distribute the debts, no one tried to take more than they were supposed to, although it was very easy to do this - after all, in his haste, Yermil did not have the opportunity to write down who gave money and how much. Yermil is honest with the people, and ordinary peasants are just as honest with him. He did not deceive them - the people will not let him down.

This person was brought out by Nekrasov in the chapter entitled “Happy”. But if the other “lucky ones” are: a woman who received a large harvest of turnips, the former favorite slave of the lord; proud of his “honorable disease”, gout, - brought out by the poet with a significant amount of irony, then Ermil Girin really happy man in the eyes of Nekrasov. He is happy not because of wealth, nobility or power, but because he tried to make the life of the common people easier as best he could. Only such a person, according to Nekrasov, has the right to be called happy. But here's the trouble - it turns out that Yermil was sent to prison in connection with a peasant revolt in a neighboring village. The author of the poem does not report the exact circumstances. However, it should be noted that for Nekrasov such a turn in the fate of the “people's defender” seemed natural. This is the share he predicts for another lucky one, Grigory Dobrosklonov:

Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.

But Gregory will have to do this in the future. In the meantime, we see him as a recent seminarian who works on an equal basis with the peasants. Poverty is known to Gregory firsthand: his father, the sexton Tryphon, lived “poorer than the last seedy peasant.” And in the seminary, Gregory and his brother Savva were “underfed by the economical grabber.”

The hopeless poverty in which Grigory grew up, the poverty of the peasantry, is vividly captured by Nekrasov in the “Salty” song. What to buy salt with - that was the concern with which Gregory’s mother lived and died. Love for his mother, the “unrequited farm laborer,” the memory of her, in the heart of her son, merged with love “for all the Vakhlachina,” that is, for to the common people:

... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
To whom will he give his whole life?
And for whom he will die.

And the peasants treat Tryphon and his sons kindly, who behave simply, not at all boasting of their literacy. Ordinary workers willingly share with the sexton and his family everything that God has sent. Only thanks to the help of the peasants did Grisha and his brother survive and grow up. Cherished dream Gregory - the happiness of the common people: ... So that my fellow countrymen

And every peasant
Life was free and fun
All over holy Rus'!

It is Grigory Dobroskponova who considers Nekrasov the main lucky person, since he feels his unity with the people and is determined to give his life in the struggle to improve the situation of ordinary people, and this is the ideal of happiness for Nekrasov.

The great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov began work on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” soon after the abolition of serfdom. His main goal was to show that nothing had changed in the lives of the peasants. They remained as dependent on the landowners as they were. To become free, it was necessary to pay the owner a large compensation money, but where could the poor peasant get it? So the men and women continued to go to corvée and pay exorbitant rent.

It was painful for Nikolai Alekseevich to look at the humiliated position of the poor. Therefore, in his poem he introduces the image of the people's intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov.

We first meet Dobrosklonov in the chapter “ Good time – good songs" This is a young man who “at about fifteen years old... already knew firmly that he would live for the happiness of his murdered and dark native corner.” Even the name of this hero speaks for itself: a penchant for good.

By creating this image, the poet strives to show in it public figure with progressive views. Grigory Dobrosklonov is close to the common people because he also experienced hunger and poverty, injustice and humiliation.

One of the songs that Grisha sings talks about two ways to rebuild society. One road, “the spacious, slave of passions,” is chosen “to temptation by a greedy crowd,” the other, “the narrow, honest road,” is chosen only by “strong, loving souls, ready to defend the oppressed.” Here is a call to all progressive people:

Go to the downtrodden

Go to the offended -

Be the first there.

But the second way is very difficult.

It is chosen by people with strong character and stubborn will. This is Gregory:

Fate had in store for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

People's Defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

Despite everything, the young man believes in a bright future for Russia. Through songs, he tries to influence the intelligentsia so that they wake up and begin to protect the common people.

And in the song “Rus” lyrical hero appeals to everyone ordinary people with the hope that in the near future they will choose a more effective path to eradicate the enslavers and oppressors:

You're miserable too

You are also abundant

You're downtrodden

You are omnipotent

Mother Rus'!

Gregory himself calls this song a noble hymn, which embodies “people's happiness.” The people are powerful and great.

When he wakes up, the country will turn into a mighty power. It is in the people that the author sees the power that can change the established state of affairs:

The army is rising -

Uncountable,

The strength in her will affect

Indestructible!

Consequently, with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author shows the ways to achieve happiness. He believes that only those who fight for the interests of the entire people can be happy. Nekrasov also creates a program of action for those who have chosen the path of people's intercessors.

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Updated: 2018-01-16

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Nekrasov, the great Russian writer, created many works in which he sought to reveal something new to the world. The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is no exception. The most important hero for revealing the theme is Grisha Dobrosklonov, a simple peasant with complex desires and thoughts.

Prototype

The last mentioned, but the first most important image of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is Grisha Dobrosklonov. According to the poet’s sister Butkevich A.A., the artist Dobrolyubov became the hero. Butkevich said this for a reason. Firstly, such statements were made by Nekrasov himself, and secondly, this is confirmed by the consonance of surnames, the character of the hero and the attitude of the prototype towards selfless and purposeful fighters acting on the side of the people.

Tverdokhlebov I. Yu. believes that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is a kind of cast of the features of such famous figures as Belinsky, Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, who together create the ideal of a hero of the revolution. It should also be noted that Nekrasov did not ignore new type a public figure - a populist, who combined the features of both a revolutionary and a religious activist.

Common features

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov demonstrates that he is a prominent representative of the propagandist of the revolution, who seeks to prepare the masses for the fight against capitalist foundations. The features of this hero embodied the most romantic traits revolutionary youth.

When considering this hero, we must also take into account that Nekrasov began to create him in 1876, i.e., at a time when “going to the people” was already complicated by many factors. Some scenes of the work confirm that Grisha was preceded by “wandering” propagandists.

As for Nekrasov’s attitude towards ordinary working people, here he expressed his special attitude. He is a revolutionary who lived and grew up in Vakhlachin. People's Defender Grisha Dobrosklonov is a hero who knows his people well, understands all the troubles and sorrows that have befallen them. He is one of them, therefore he does not raise doubts or suspicions among an ordinary man. Grisha is the poet's hope, his bet on representatives of the revolutionary peasantry.

Composite image

The poet himself notes that in the image of Grisha he captured the features that were characteristic of the revolutionary-minded youth of the 1860-1870s, the French communards and progressive representatives of the peasantry. Researchers claim that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is somewhat schematic. But this is easily explained by the fact that Nekrasov was creating a new historical type hero and could not fully portray everything I wanted in him. This was influenced by the conditions accompanying the creation of the new type, and historical features time.

Nekrasov reveals his vision of a public figure, specifying deep historical roots the struggle of the people, depicting the spiritual and political connection of the hero with the fate and hopes of the people, systematizing them in the images of specific individuals and individual characteristics of the biography.

Characteristics of the hero

The image of the people's intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov describes simple guy from a people who are eager to fight the established social strata. He stands on the same level as ordinary peasants and is no different from them. Already at the very beginning of his life’s journey, he learned what need, hunger and poverty were, and realized that these phenomena must be resisted. For him, the order that reigned in the seminary was the result of an unjust social structure. Already during his studies, he realized all the hardships of seminary life and was able to comprehend them.

In the 60s years XIX centuries, seminarians grew up reading the works of freedom-loving Russian authors. Many writers emerged from among clerical students, for example, Pomyalovsky, Levitov, Chernyshevsky and others. Revolutionary tempering, closeness to the people and natural abilities make the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov a symbol of the people's leader. The character of the young seminarian contains characteristic youthful traits, such as spontaneity and shyness, combined with dedication and strong will.

Hero's feelings

Grisha Dobrosklonov is full of love, which he pours out on his suffering mother, on his homeland and people. The poem even contains a specific reflection of his love for ordinary people, whom he helps “to the best of his ability.” He reaps, mows, sows and celebrates holidays together with ordinary peasants. He loves spending time with other kids, wandering through the forest and picking mushrooms.

He sees his personal, personal happiness in the happiness of others, in peasant joy. It is not so easy to protect the humiliated, but Grisha Dobrosklonov does everything to ease the fate of the disadvantaged.

Revealing the image

Grisha reveals his feelings through songs, and through them he points the way to the happiness of a simple man. The first song is addressed to the intelligentsia, whom the hero seeks to encourage to protect the common people - this is what Grisha Dobrosklonov is all about. The characteristics of the next song can be explained simply: he motivates the people to fight, strives to teach the peasants “to be citizens.” After all, this is precisely the goal of his life - he longs to improve the life of the poor class.

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is revealed not only in songs, but also in his noble, radiant anthem. The seminarian devotes himself to chanting the time when revolution will become possible in Rus'. To explain whether there will be a revolution in the future or whether it has already sprouted its first shoots, Nekrasov used the image of the “third year,” which is mentioned four times in the poem. This is not a historical detail, the city burned to the ground is a symbol of the overthrow of the fortress foundations.

Conclusion

The awareness of the wandering men who are trying to figure out who should live well in Rus', how they can use their powers to improve the lives of the people, is the result of the poem. They realized that the only way to make people happy is to eradicate the “fortress”, to make everyone free - Grisha Dobrosklonov pushes them to such an idea. The characteristics of his image emphasize the existence of two main problem lines: who is “happier” and who is “more sinful” - which are resolved as a result. The happiest for Grisha are the fighters for the people's happiness, and the most sinful are the traitors of the people. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a new revolutionary hero, the engine of historical force that will consolidate freedom.