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The content, tasks and functions of distribution logistics are outlined. The theoretical foundations of the distribution of goods, distribution channels, and logistics chains are considered. The essence and importance of logistics centers in the logistics system of the Republic of Belarus are revealed. Practical tasks and material for testing knowledge are provided. For students of higher education institutions majoring in Logistics. It will be useful for undergraduates, graduate students, teachers and specialists of enterprises and organizations.
The work belongs to the genre of educational literature. It was published in 2016 by the Higher School publishing house. On our website you can download the book "Distribution Logistics" in fb2, rtf, epub, pdf, txt format or read online. Here, before reading, you can also turn to reviews from readers who are already familiar with the book and find out their opinion. In our partner's online store you can buy and read the book in paper form.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FEDERAL STATE BUDGET
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"SAINT PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS AND FINANCE"
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCIAL AND LOGISTICS
METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
ON STUDYING AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
"LOGISTICS"for 3rd year students of the full-time faculty of the specialty “Labor Economics”
PUBLISHING HOUSE
ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY
ECONOMY AND FINANCE
Recommended by the scientific and methodological council of the university. Methodological instructions for studying the academic discipline "Logistics"for 3rd year students of the full-time faculty of the specialty “Labor Economics”. – St. Petersburg. : Publishing house St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2012. – 28 p.
Guidelines for the academic discipline “Logistics” are intended for 3rd year full-time students of the specialty “Labor Economics”.
Compiled by Ph.D. econ. Sciences, senior lecturer E.M. Borisova Reviewer Dr. Econ. sciences, prof. S.A. Uvarov © SPbGUEF, The purpose and objectives of studying the discipline The training course “Logistics” refers to general professional disciplines and is one of the basic subjects in the training of general economists, carried out on the basis of the requirements for modern specialists at the university level of education. The course is aimed at developing the ability of specialists to think in modern economic categories and is intended for study by third-year full-time students of the specialty “Labor Economics”.
The purpose of teaching the academic discipline “Logistics” is to study the essence and content of logistics as a science, as well as areas of its use in practical activities. The course also involves students mastering the basic provisions, categories and patterns of logistics as a modern scientific direction, considering the main approaches to the formation of a comprehensive program for increasing the competitiveness of companies from the point of view of logistics, as well as the application of a logistics approach to managing business processes in various sectors of the economy (including .ch., for more efficient human resource management using logistics tools).
The objects of study of this course are the system of a market economy, trends in its development at the macro level and the peculiarities of relations between economic entities in the process of commodity exchange at the micro level.
The subject of this course “Logistics” is a set of logistics processes, viewed through the prism of integrating material and accompanying information, financial, service and labor flows, optimizing their promotion. The main components of logistics processes are: physical promotion of material assets; information support for logistics decisions, maintaining inventories at a given level; logistics infrastructure and costs associated with the implementation of logistics processes.
Studying the Logistics course is based on knowledge of the following disciplines:
general scientific (higher mathematics, cybernetics, general systems theory, information science and computer technology);
economic (general economic theory, macro- and microeconomics, statistics and accounting, fundamentals of economic management, fundamentals of human resource management);
special (systems of technologies in sectors of the national economy, commodity science, warehousing, freight transportation).
To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved within the course:
determine the place and role of logistics in the modern economy and its relationship with other economic disciplines;
become familiar with the concept, essence, content and history of the development of science, as well as its objectives, principles, indicators and main categories;
study the concepts, tasks, principles of formation and elements of logistics systems at different levels;
explore types of logistics and areas of its use;
acquire skills in analyzing logistics systems, modeling their components and connections between market entities, as well as assessing the economic efficiency of using logistics principles.
The theoretical and practical knowledge obtained during the course will contribute to the formation of a highly qualified and erudite specialist in the field of modern economics.
The final form of control is a test.
2. The relationship between logistics and other economic disciplines.
3. Prerequisites for the emergence of logistics.
This topic is an introduction to the Logistics course. When studying the topic, students must understand the subject, purpose, objectives of the course, its structure and content, as well as the relationship of logistics with other economic disciplines, in particular with commerce, marketing, management and others.
Among the prerequisites for the use of logistics in the economy, two main ones can be distinguished. Firstly, the development and intensification of competition caused by the transition from a seller's market to a buyer's market has led to the search for new ways to create competitive advantages and, as a result, improve the quality of supplies. Suppliers using logistics could guarantee consumers just-in-time deliveries of the required quantity of the required quality.
The second reason is related to the energy crisis of the 70s of the twentieth century. As a result of a sharp increase in the cost of energy resources, it became necessary to find new ways to increase the efficiency of transportation, which required coordinated actions of all participants in the distribution of goods. In this case, the possibility of using logistics is due to modern achievements of scientific and technological progress.
1. Determine the subject, purpose, objectives of the course.
2. Consider the relationship between logistics and other economic disciplines.
3. Characterize the prerequisites for the emergence of logistics.
2. Afanasenko I.D., Borisova V.V. Commercial logistics: Textbook for universities. Third generation standard. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2012. – 352 p.
3. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics management: Textbook. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2008. – 186 p.
Topic 2. Logistics in a market economy system 1. Trends and stages of development of company policies in conditions of increasing competition.
2. History of the development of the term logistics.
3. Definition of logistics.
4. Stages of development of logistics as a science.
When studying this topic, students should have knowledge of economic history and economic theory, in particular, have an understanding of the periods and characteristics of the largest economic crises, the main economic categories, namely: the market, competition and its types, the theory of competitive advantages, etc. d.
Students should also know the history of the development of the term logistics, be able to characterize logistics from various points of view, in particular, from the positions of marketing, management, finance, supply chain management, organization of commercial activities, production planning; understand the specifics of the logistics approach to managing material flows in the economy, have an idea of new effective methods for managing material and information flows in the areas of production and circulation using logistics, characterize the stages of development of logistics as a science, assess the current state of scientific research and the degree of practical use of results in activities of companies.
1. Determine the place of logistics in a modern market economy.
2. Consider the stages of development of firms' policies in conditions of increasing competition.
3. Study the history of the term “logistics”.
4. Give a variety of definitions of logistics, comment on them from different points of view of use.
5. Characterize the stages of development of logistics as a science.
1. Logistics: Textbook / B.A. Anikin [and others]; edited by B.A. Anikina, T.A. Rodkina. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. – 408 p.
2. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics of new times. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 3. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V. Shcherbakova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. – 432 p.
3. Dybskaya V.V. Logistics: Textbook / V.V. Dybskaya, E.I. Zaitsev, V.I. Sergeev, A.N. Sterligov; edited by IN AND. Sergeeva. – M.: EKSMO, 2009. – 944 p.
Topic 3. Scientific and methodological foundations of logistics 1. The concept of logistics, its impact on the economy of the company.
2. Seven rules of logistics.
4. Functions and basic principles of logistics.
5. Scientific and methodological basis of logistics: general systems theory, cybernetics, operations research, synergetics.
6. Key logistics indicators.
The main idea of logistics is to consider all stages of reproduction - supply, production, sales, including transportation and storage - as a single and continuous process of transformation and movement of the product of labor and information. In accordance with the logistics concept, the process of managing a company (enterprise) is presented as an integrated system, which is subordinated to the main strategy focused on strengthening the market position, ensuring sustainable development, maximizing profits and minimizing total costs in the long term. When studying this topic, students should focus on what the concept of logistics is, what global, general and specific tasks are posed by logistics as a science and practical activity.
The development of modern logistics is associated with the systematic improvement of the tools for the movement of material and information flows to improve quality and reduce logistics costs. Logistics tools are used to organize and move flows from sources to targets in time and space. The composition of the logistics tools is determined by the complexity and diversity of logistics activities. Logistics as an economic part of business is recognized as the most knowledge-intensive. Knowledge of general scientific, economic and special disciplines is required. Conceptually, modern logistics theory is based on the methodology of such scientific disciplines as general systems theory, cybernetics, operations research, synergetics, and economic and mathematical modeling. Based on this, the scientific basis of logistics consists of the following disciplines: mathematics (probability theory, mathematical statistics, theory of random processes, mathematical theory of optimization, functional analysis, matrix theory, factor analysis, etc.); operations research (linear, nonlinear and dynamic programming, game theory, statistical decision theory, queuing theory, inventory management theory, modeling, network planning, etc.); technical cybernetics (theory of large systems, forecasting theory, general control theory, theory of autonomous regulation, graph theory, information theory, communication theory, scheduling theory, optimal control theory); economic cybernetics and economics (the theory of optimal planning, methods of economic forecasting, marketing, management, quality management, pricing, personnel management, finance, accounting, strategic and operational planning, operational management, project management, investment management, economics, organization and planning of material and technical supply and sales, economics and organization of transport, warehousing, trade, etc.). Based on the above, logistics uses appropriate economic and mathematical methods, analysis tools (consumer analysis, portfolio analysis, market analysis, supplier analysis, break-even analysis, bottleneck analysis, performance indicator analysis, etc.), planning and forecasting tools (adoption management decisions based on constructing a tree of goals and a tree of resources, the method of scenarios, the method of expert assessment, mathematical methods of optimization, correlation analysis, etc. ). Of particular importance is the application of queuing theory methods for organizing logistics processes, which is directly related to the satisfaction of consumer orders.
Reducing the customer's waiting time for his order to be completed increases the level of service, but sharply increases the costs of the company (enterprise) and reduces its profit. Therefore, the urgent task is to determine the optimal number of personnel and the equipment necessary for their work, providing quality service at the lowest possible costs. It is also necessary to know the main tools of the logistics approach: analysis and synthesis of the logistics system under study, V. Pareto’s optimality criterion.
Students are also required to know the basic functions (system-forming, resulting, integrating and regulating) and principles (systematic, comprehensive, integrity, scientific, specific, constructive, reliable, variable, integrative, efficient, flexible, preventive) of logistics. The goal of logistics activity is considered achieved if seven conditions are met: the right product of the required quality in the required quantity must be delivered to a specific consumer at the right time in the right place with minimal costs. Consequently, special attention should be paid to the consideration of the seven rules of logistics as the main conceptual idea of the logistics approach.
You should also pay attention to the main indicators of logistics, their economic content and application.
1. What is the concept of logistics?
2. What tasks does logistics pose as a science and practical activity?
3. What functions are inherent in logistics?
4. Name seven rules of logistics.
5. Name the main functions and principles of logistics.
6. What is the scientific and methodological basis of logistics?
7. Name the tools for analysis, planning and forecasting in logistics.
8.What are the main logistics indicators, how are they calculated?
1. Logistics: Textbook / B.A. Anikin [and others]; edited by B.A. Anikina, T.A. Rodkina. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. – 408 p.
2. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics of new times. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 3. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V. Shcherbakova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. – 432 p.
2. Dybskaya V.V. Logistics: Textbook / V.V. Dybskaya, E.I. Zaitsev, V.I. Sergeev, A.N. Sterligov; edited by IN AND. Sergeeva. – M.: EKSMO, 2009. – 944 p.
3. Models and methods of logistics theory: Textbook. – 2nd ed. / Ed.
4. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics management: Textbook. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2008. – 186 p.
Topic 4. Flows and stocks - main categories of logistics 1. The concept of flow, its main parameters. Types and classification of flows according to alternative criteria.
2. The concept of material flows, their classification.
3. The concept of information flows, their classification.
4. The concept of financial flows, their classification.
5. The concept of human flows (human resources), their types.
6. The concept of reserves, their properties and classification.
7. Inventory management systems.
8. The essence of the ABC and XYZ methods.
9. Calculation of the optimal delivery batch using the Wilson Harris formula.
When studying this topic, it is necessary to define the main categories of logistics: flows and stocks. Determine the parameters of flows and stocks.
Students should also know the types of flows and be able to classify them according to alternative criteria. In addition, they must be able to give practical examples of the movement of specific types of flows: material, information, financial, human (human resources), etc., and indicate their specific properties.
When studying this topic, students are asked to determine the role, place and reasons for the occurrence of inventories, justify the dual nature of inventories, and understand why inventories are a special case of material flows. Students should be able to use the ABC and XYZ methods when solving logistics problems, apply the Wilson Harris formula, as well as know the basic inventory management systems and be able to apply them in practical problems.
Define the concept "flow".
Specify the main flow parameters.
What types of flows are distinguished in logistics, characterize them?
Imagine classifying flows according to an alternative criterion.
What is a material flow, what are its main characteristics?
Concept and characteristics of information flow.
Concept and characteristics of financial flow.
The concept of human resources, the specifics of their use.
10. Define the role of inventories in the economy.
11. Define the concept of “stock”.
12. What properties do stocks have?
13. What are the reasons for inventory?
14. Classification of reserves.
15. Inventory management models.
16. What logistics problems can be solved using ABC methods 17. Calculate the optimal delivery batch using the formula 1. Logistics: Textbook / B.A. Anikin [and others]; edited by B.A. Anikina, T.A. Rodkina. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. – 408 p.
2. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics of new times. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 3. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V. Shcherbakova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. – 432 p.
2. Afanasenko I.D., Borisova V.V. Supply logistics: Textbook for universities. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. – 336 p.
3. Dybskaya V.V. Logistics: Textbook / V.V. Dybskaya, E.I. Zaitsev, V.I. Sergeev, A.N. Sterligov; edited by IN AND. Sergeeva. – M.: EKSMO, 2009. – 4. Models and methods of logistics theory: Textbook. – 2nd ed. / Ed.
V.S. Lukinsky. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. – 448 p.
5. Prosvetov G.I. Mathematical methods in logistics. Problems and solutions:
educational and practical guide. – 2nd ed., add. – M.: AlfaPress Publishing House, 2008. – 304 p.
1. The concept of a system, the totality of its properties.
2. Basic features of system classification.
3. The concept of a logistics system.
5. Types of logistics systems: mega-, macro-, meso-, micrologistics systems.
6. Macrological systems, their hierarchy.
7. Mesological systems. Middle level economics. Modern trends in the structuring of the world economy.
8. Micrologistic systems, their types.
9. Principles of building logistics systems.
When studying this topic, students should get an idea of what a system is and what properties it has. It is also necessary to understand what is called a logistics system, to operate with such basic categories as logistics function, logistics operation, supply chain, logistics links.
Students, based on the knowledge gained, must identify the logistics system in the general classification of systems, know its properties and qualities. Present the hierarchical structure of logistics systems depending on the scale of the field of activity and the type of supply chains, give relevant examples. Understand the basic principles of building logistics systems.
Give a definition of the concept “system”.
What properties does the system have?
What types of systems are there?
Give a definition of the concept “logistics system”.
What are the distinctive features of a logistics system?
6. What is a logistics operation, logistics function, supply chain and logistics link, give examples.
7. Classification of logistics systems depending on the scale of action.
8. Characteristics of macrologistics systems, their hierarchy.
9. Characteristics of mesological systems.
10. Characteristics of micrologistics systems, their types.
11. Identify the basic principles of building logistics systems.
1. Logistics: Textbook / B.A. Anikin [and others]; edited by B.A. Anikina, T.A. Rodkina. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. – 408 p.
2. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics of new times. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 3. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V. Shcherbakova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. – 432 p.
2. Afanasenko I.D., Borisova V.V. Supply logistics: Textbook for universities. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. – 336 p.
3. Dybskaya V.V. Logistics: Textbook / V.V. Dybskaya, E.I. Zaitsev, V.I. Sergeev, A.N. Sterligov; edited by IN AND. Sergeeva. – M.: EKSMO, 2009. – 4. Prosvetov G.I. Mathematical methods in logistics. Problems and solutions:
educational and practical guide. – 2nd ed., add. – M.: AlfaPress Publishing House, 2008. – 304 p.
Topic 6. Types of logistics and areas of its use 1. General characteristics of types of logistics. Logistics classification.
2. The concept and tasks of purchasing (procurement) logistics. Stages of procurement.
3. Intra-production logistics. Push and pull production systems.
4. The concept and tasks of distribution (sales) logistics.
5. Concept and tasks of transport and warehouse logistics. Areas of application of various types of transport. The role of warehouses in the logistics system. Logistics warehouse operations: loading, unloading, packaging, packaging, sorting, labeling, bundling.
6. Problems of information logistics. Information resources and information flows in logistics. Global information space.
When studying this topic, students need to have a general understanding of the various types of logistics, know the classification of logistics according to the following criteria: functional, resource, industry.
When considering purchasing (procurement) logistics, you should pay attention to its tasks, stages and methods of procurement, features of procurement of industrial and technical products and consumer goods, methods for determining the need for materials, procurement market research, criteria for selecting a supplier.
When studying intra-production logistics, attention should be paid to the basic requirements for intra-production logistics systems. It is necessary to have an understanding of push and pull production systems and their areas of application.
Distribution (sales) logistics should be considered depending on the characteristics of the sales organization at the macro-, meso-, and micro levels.
When studying transport and warehouse logistics, it is advisable to determine the role of transport and warehouse systems in the overall logistics system.
Attention should be paid to the areas of application of various types of transport, features and main indicators of transport (by type). Also characterize international transport corridors and their specific construction. It is necessary to have an understanding of logistics warehouse operations, such as: loading, unloading, packaging, packaging, sorting, labeling, bundling.
When considering issues related to information logistics, it is important to understand the role and economic significance of information in logistics, to know the requirements for building enterprise information systems imposed by logistics, and the principles of constructing rational information flows of an enterprise. Also have an understanding of the system for collecting data on material, including commodity flow, transmission, processing and systematization and issuance of ready-made information. Use the capabilities of global information networks in logistics activities.
2. Determine the purpose and objectives of procurement (purchasing) logistics.
3. What are the objectives of intra-production logistics?
4. Indicate the essence of push and pull flow control systems.
5. The essence of the JIT logistics concept.
6. Determine the purpose and objectives of distribution logistics.
7. Give a description of product distribution channels.
8. What problems are solved by transport and warehouse logistics?
9. Describe the main warehouse logistics operations.
10. What problems does information logistics solve?
1. Logistics: Textbook / B.A. Anikin [and others]; edited by B.A. Anikina, T.A. Rodkina. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. – 408 p.
2. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics of new times. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 3. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V. Shcherbakova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. – 432 p.
2. Afanasenko I.D., Borisova V.V. Supply logistics: Textbook for universities. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. – 336 p.
3. Bauerox D. J., Kloss D. Logistics: Integrated Supply Chain. – 2nd ed. / [Transl. from English N.N. Baryshnikova, B.S. Pinsker]. – M.: ZAO “OlympBusiness”, 2008. – 640 p.
4. Dybskaya V.V. Logistics: Textbook / V.V. Dybskaya, E.I. Zaitsev, V.I. Sergeev, A.N. Sterligov; edited by IN AND. Sergeeva. – M.: EKSMO, 2009. – 944 p.
5. Krolli O.A., Malkov S.S., Parfenov A.V. Logistics in network retail trade. Supply chain management and innovation. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House “New Age”, 2008. – 197 p.
6. Kurganov V.M. Logistics. Transport and warehouse in the goods supply chain. – M.:
Book World, 2009. – 152 p.
7. Logistics of freight forwarding services: Textbook / A.V. Dmitriev, M.V. Afanasiev. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 103 p.
8. Myasnikova L.A. Logistics management: Textbook. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2008. – 186 p.
9. Parfenov A.V., Garnov I.B. E-commerce: Tutorial. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House “Novy Vek”, 2008. – 130 p.
in human resources management 1. The role of personnel in the management of the company.
As part of this topic, students need to understand the role of personnel in managing a company, what personal and professional characteristics they must have to perform logistics tasks, assess labor potential, and select personnel based on comparison.
For the successful construction and operation of a logistics system for human resource management, it is necessary to consider the following sections: the main provisions of human resource management activities; human resource management strategy; human resources strategy; human resource planning; strategy for the development of human resources, a strategy for ensuring personnel reliability, etc. The logistics system for human resource management should be built on the following principles: consistency, integrity, focus, social orientation, flexibility, corporatism, repeatability, variability. When developing strategies for managing the quality of human resources, students must know the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and be able to assess their impact on logistics activities.
Key performance indicators for personnel management are understood as a system of financial and non-financial indicators that influence the quantitative and qualitative measurement of results in relation to the expected result. The structure of indicators includes: the structure of human resources by category of employees in logistics services, the age, educational, gender structure of logistics personnel, length of service, staff turnover, labor costs, etc. In addition, students must be able to apply various methods of measuring labor productivity in logistics departments of the company.
1. What are the main requirements for the construction and operation of a logistics human resource management system?
2. What strategies for managing the quality of human resources can you name?
3. Describe the key performance indicators of personnel management.
4. What is the essence of labor productivity in logistics?
5. What is the essence of such methods of measuring labor productivity as the natural method, the labor method, and the cost method?
1. Kovalev S.V. Personnel control system for an industrial organization:
textbook / S.V. Kovalev. – M.: KNORUS, 2010. – 264 p.
2. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V. Shcherbakova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. – 432 p.
2. Logistics: Textbook / B.A. Anikin [and others]; edited by B.A.Anikina, T.A. Rodkina. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2008. – 408 p.
3. Afanasenko I.D., Borisova V.V. Supply logistics: Textbook for universities. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. – 336 p.
4. Dybskaya V.V. Logistics: Textbook / V.V. Dybskaya, E.I. Zaitsev, V.I. Sergeev, A.N. Sterligov; edited by IN AND. Sergeeva. – M.: EKSMO, 2009. – 944 p.
5. Logistics of freight forwarding services: Textbook / A.V. Dmitriev, M.V. Afanasiev. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2010. – 103 p.
Test assignments and tests can be used as assessment tools for ongoing monitoring of progress on individual topics in the discipline “Logistics” and for intermediate certification based on the results of mastering the discipline.
Practical lesson No. 1.
1. Subject of the discipline.
2. The purpose of the discipline.
3. Objectives of the discipline.
4. Reasons for the emergence of logistics.
5. The relationship of logistics with other disciplines.
Topic 2. Logistics in a market economy system.
Practical lesson No. 2.
1. Stages of development of company policies in conditions of increasing competition.
2. History of the development of the term “logistics”.
3. Definition of the concept of “logistics”.
4. The relationship between the concepts of “commerce”, “management”, “marketing”, 5. Stages of development of logistics as a science.
For ongoing monitoring of progress on topic 2, students need to complete the following test task:
1. What are the reasons for the emergence of logistics?
a) economic crises of various periods;
b) increased competition;
c) an increase in the inflation rate.
2. At what stage of development did firms’ policies turn to the potential of logistics?
a) until the 30s of the 20th century;
b) 60-70s of the 20th century;
c) mid-70s of the 20th century.
3. What is the name of the concept that is aimed at using a complex of resources and saving costs?
b) logistics;
c) resource.
4. At what stage of development of logistics as a science did the term logistics begin to be used?
a) 60-70s;
c) mid-70s.
5. Logistics is:
a) the science and practical activities of effective management of the totality of material, financial, information, human and other resources in the sphere of production and circulation;
b) equipment and technology of transport and warehouse work in the military and/or civil field;
c) the science of planning, management and control of the material flow entering the enterprise, processed there and leaving this enterprise and the corresponding information flow.
Topic 3. Scientific and methodological foundations of logistics.
Practical lesson No. 3.
1. The essence of the logistics approach.
2. Seven rules of logistics.
3. Logistics tasks: global, general, specific.
4. Principles of logistics.
5. Key logistics indicators.
6. Logistics functions.
For ongoing monitoring of progress on topic 3, students need to complete a test task and a test:
Test:
1. The global task of logistics is:
a) creating an integrated system for regulating and monitoring the movement of information and material flows, ensuring high quality delivery of products;
b) the right product of the required quality in the right quantity must be delivered to the right place at the right time with minimal costs to a specific consumer;
c) maximum adaptation of an enterprise (firm) to a changing market situation, increasing its market share, and increasing competitiveness.
2. The “make or buy” task refers to:
a) global tasks;
b) general tasks;
c) private tasks.
3. Pareto optimality is:
a) optimization of some indicators does not lead to changes in other indicators of the system;
b) optimization of some indicators leads to deterioration of other indicators of the system;
c) optimization of some indicators leads to improvement of other indicators of the system.
4. Systematicity is:
a) the formation of all types of support (developed infrastructure) for the movement of flows in specific conditions, coordination of the actions of direct and indirect participants in the movement of resources and products;
b) using a systems approach, considering all elements of the logistics system as interconnected and interacting to achieve a single management goal;
c) achievement by the logistics system of the desired results based on the quantitative and qualitative relationships of its parts, which is possible only for the system as a whole and is not achievable by any of its elements.
5. Which of the following refers to the rules of logistics?
a) material flow;
b) systematic;
c) minimum costs.
1. Expand the content of the principles of logistics. Give examples of the implementation of logistics principles in trade organizations.
2. List the components of the effect of using logistics in trade.
Show how the possibility of obtaining an effect depends on the principles of logistics.
Topic 4. Flows and stocks - the main categories of logistics.
Practical lesson No. 4.
1. Definition of the concept “flow”. Basic flow parameters.
2. Types of flows. Classification of flows according to alternative criteria.
3. Concept and characteristics of material flow.
4. Concept and characteristics of information flow.
5. Concept and characteristics of financial flow.
6. The concept and specifics of the use of human resources.
7. The concept of stock and its role in the economy.
8. Types of inventories and inventory management models.
For ongoing monitoring of progress on topic 4, students need to complete a test task and a test:
Test:
a) a set of objects, perceived as a single whole, existing as a process over a certain time interval and measured in absolute units over a certain period of time;
b) products in the form of cargo parts, inventory items, considered in the process of applying various logistics (transportation, warehousing, etc.) and/or technological operations to it, and assigned to a certain time interval;
c) the amount of goods transported by individual modes of transport in a certain direction from the point of departure to the point of destination over a certain period.
2. What are the characteristics of the flow:
a) speed;
b) cargo unit;
c) costs per ton-kilometer of transported goods.
3. Which of the following applies to inventory:
a) safety stock;
b) preparatory stock;
c) liquid stock.
4. What is the name of the inventory management model in which time intervals change:
a) inventory management model with a fixed order quantity;
b) inventory management model with a fixed frequency of deliveries;
c) an inventory management model with simultaneous changes in order size and delivery frequency.
5. Are the flows compiled correctly according to the classification based on an alternative criterion?
a) continuous - discrete;
b) deterministic – stochastic;
c) rhythmic - uneven.
6. For what purpose is ABC and XYZ analysis used:
a) determine the optimal size of the delivery lot;
b) determine the optimal delivery time;
c) conduct a cost assessment of the purchased products.
Test tasks:
1. Provide a graph and indicate the main parameters of an inventory control system with a fixed order size while continuously checking the actual inventory level. What conditions must an assortment item meet in order for its stock to be replenished using this system? Justify your answer.
2. Derive the formula for the optimal order quantity for a batch of goods. What conditions must an assortment item meet in order for it to be ordered using the Wilson-Harris formula?
Topic 5. Logistics systems.
Practical lesson No. 5.
1. Definition of the concept of “system”, properties of the system, classification 2. The concept of a logistics system, logistics operation, logistics function, logistics link and supply chain.
3. Classification of logistics systems.
4. Characteristics of micrologistics systems, their types.
5. Characteristics of mesological systems.
6. Characteristics of macrologistics systems, their hierarchy.
7. Basic principles of building logistics systems.
For ongoing monitoring of progress on topic 5, students need to complete a test task and a test:
Test:
1. What characterizes this definition: “A linearly ordered set of participants in the logistics process, carrying out logistics operations (including added value) to bring external material flow from one logistics system to another (in the case of industrial consumption) or to the final consumer ( non-productive, personal consumption)"?
a) supply chain;
b) logistics channel;
c) logistics link.
2. What applies to macrologistics systems:
a) financial and industrial groups;
b) purchasing department of a manufacturing enterprise;
c) the logistics system of a separate trading enterprise.
3. What properties do logistics systems have:
a) emergence;
b) complexity;
4. What applies to logistics operations:
c) financial transactions.
Test tasks:
1. Name and characterize the types of time cycles in logistics. Explain why and how the timing of logistics processes in a trade organization affects its competitiveness.
2. Give the concept of a cargo unit, list the main characteristics, show the role of logistics. Describe the methods of packaging cargo units, illustrating any product group. Justify the feasibility of their use.
3. Give a definition and classification of logistics operations. Describe the conditions for classifying traditional operations (loading, unloading, storage, labeling, transportation, etc.) that ensure the physical movement of goods to the final consumer as logistics operations.
Topic 6. Types of logistics and areas of its use.
Practical lesson No. 6.
1. Classification of types of logistics.
2. The purpose and objectives of purchasing (procurement) logistics.
3. Tasks of intra-industrial logistics.
4. The essence of pull and push flow control systems.
5. The purpose and objectives of distribution logistics.
6. Characteristics of product distribution channels.
7. The essence of transport and warehouse logistics.
8. The concept of information logistics.
9. Service problems in logistics.
For ongoing monitoring of progress on topic 6, students need to complete a test task and a test.
Test:
1. Which of the following is included in the tasks of purchasing logistics?
a) determining the need for material resources;
b) choice of distribution channel;
c) selection of an internal production system.
2. From the point of view of division into functional areas, the following types of logistics are distinguished:
a) production;
b) warehouse;
c) informational.
3. For what purposes is the logistics service intended?
a) to improve the quality of customer service;
b) to increase the final cost of products;
c) to increase market share.
4. The correct choice of distribution channel determines:
a) reduction of distribution costs;
b) increase in logistics costs;
c) a decrease in the competitiveness of the company.
5. What features are characteristic of the JIT logistics concept?
a) availability of minimum reserves;
b) large volumes of supplies;
c) reduction in the quality of finished products and logistics services.
Test tasks:
1. Analyze and justify your decision whether the break-even point will change, based on the volume of sales of goods at which the company is able to cover its costs.
2. Give the concept of the level of logistics service, give examples of calculation methods known to you. Show the dual nature of this indicator. Illustrate your answer with graphs.
3. Describe the factors influencing the choice of warehouse location for a wholesale trade organization. What method should be chosen to evaluate possible warehouse locations in the North-West region. Justify your answer.
Topic 7. Application of logistics methods in human resource management.
Practical lesson No. 7.
1. The role of personnel in the management of the company.
2. Construction and operation of a logistics system for human resource management.
3. Development of strategies for managing the quality of human resources.
4. Characteristics of key performance indicators of personnel management.
5. Methods for measuring labor productivity in the logistics departments of the company.
For ongoing monitoring of progress on topic 7, students need to complete a test.
Test tasks:
1. Calculate labor productivity using natural, labor and cost methods.
2. Calculate key performance indicators for the use of personnel in logistics.
2. Intra-production management of logistics flows.
3. Interrelation of logistics and marketing functions.
4. Prospects for the development of information logistics.
5. Logistics factors for increasing the competitiveness of a company in the market.
6. Distribution (sales) logistics of a manufacturing (trading) company.
7. Development of transport and logistics terminals.
8. Warehousing logistics.
9. Optimization of enterprise logistics costs.
10. Inventory management in logistics.
11. Application of modern logistics tools in the practice of domestic (foreign) enterprises.
12. Logistics of economic relations.
13. Financial logistics.
14. Service logistics.
15. Outsourcing and cooperation in logistics.
16. Efficiency of logistics systems.
17. Analysis of logistics flows in exchange trading.
18. Marketing logistics.
19. Application of logistics in human resource management.
20. Innovative forms of purchasing (sales, production, transport and warehouse) logistics.
In agreement with the teacher, the student can choose any other topic of individual work within the discipline being studied.
Approximate topics for presentations 1. Strategies for the formation of supply chains.
2. Logistics system for operational regulation of the movement of material and transport flows.
3. Logistics of secondary circulation of resources.
4. Prospects for the development of various types of transport as elements of the logistics system.
5. Information support for logistics processes.
6. Research of operations in logistics.
7. Use of modern logistics technologies to improve warehouse processes.
8. Optimization of the activities of a manufacturing (trading) enterprise through the use of a logistics concept.
9. Specific aspects of logistics of trading enterprises.
10. Characteristics of “Just in time” deliveries.
Questions for testing in the discipline “Logistics”
1. The place of logistics in the modern economy. Relationship with other economic disciplines.
2. The reasons for the emergence of logistics as a science and practical activity.
Characteristics of the stages of logistics development.
3. The concept of logistics, the history of the origin of the term, the seven rules of logistics.
4. Logistics concept, its impact on the company’s economy.
5. Logistics tasks.
6. Principles of logistics.
7. Scientific basis of logistics: general systems theory, cybernetics, operations research, synergetics.
8. Tools for analysis, planning and forecasting in logistics.
9. Logistics software.
10. Information technologies in logistics.
11. Logistics indicators.
12. Flows and their classification.
13. Concept and characteristics of material flow.
14. Concept and characteristics of information flow.
15. Concept and characteristics of financial flow.
16. Inventories, types of inventories.
17. The concept of a system, its properties.
18. Logistics system, its distinctive features.
20. Logistics operation: concept, types.
21. Logistic function: concept, types.
22. Classification of logistics systems depending on the type of logistics 23. Principles of constructing a logistics system.
24. Characteristics of micrologistics systems.
25. Characteristics of macrologistics systems.
26. Characteristics of mesological systems.
27. Characteristics of megalogistic systems.
28. Typology of logistics.
29. Procurement (purchasing) logistics: goal, objectives.
30. Tasks of intra-industrial logistics.
31. Distribution (sales) logistics: tasks, distribution channels.
32. Transport and warehouse logistics, concept and tasks.
33. Concept and tasks of information logistics.
34. Development of strategies for managing the quality of human resources.
35. Characteristics of key performance indicators of personnel management.
36. Methods for measuring labor productivity in the logistics departments of a company.
Logistics is the science and practical activity of effectively managing the totality of material, financial, information, human and other resources in the sphere of production and circulation.
Logistics approach – establishing the adequacy of information, material and other flows; determining the technology for optimal movement of resources and goods; development of standard requirements for the quality of goods and their packaging; identifying centers of time loss, irrational use of material and labor resources, etc.
Seven rules of logistics (7R) - the right product, of the required quality, in the required quantity, delivered to a specific consumer at the right time, in the right place with minimal cost.
Flow is a collection of objects, perceived as a single whole, existing as a process over a certain time interval and measured in absolute units over a certain period of time.
Material flow is a product in the form of cargo parts, inventory items, considered in the process of applying various logistics (transportation, warehousing, etc.) and/or technological operations to it, and assigned to a certain time interval.
Information flow is a set of messages circulating in the logistics system, between the logistics system and the external environment, necessary for the management and control of logistics operations.
Financial flow is the directed movement of financial resources circulating in the logistics system, as well as between the logistics system and the external environment, necessary to ensure the effective movement of a certain flow of goods.
Stock is a set of objects available at a particular point in time, and is measured in absolute units.
Industrial reserve is a part of the total reserves intended for production consumption, located at consumer enterprises in all sectors of the sphere of material production and serving to ensure the uninterruption of the production process.
Inventory – stocks of finished products from suppliers and stocks in circulation channels, which serve to ensure the uninterrupted trading process.
A system is a set of elements that are in relationships and connections with each other, forming a certain integrity, unity.
A logistics system is an emergent set of elements (links) that are in relationships and connections with each other and form a dialectical integrity, intended from a practical point of view to manage flows, ranging from information and financial, and in the material aspect from the supply of raw materials to the delivery of finished products to a specific to the consumer.
Logistics chain is a linearly ordered set of participants in the logistics process that carry out logistics operations (including added value) to bring external material flow from one logistics system to another (in the case of industrial consumption) or to the final consumer (non-productive, personal consumption) .
A logistics channel is a partially ordered set of different intermediaries that carry out the transfer of material flow from a specific manufacturer to its consumers.
A logistics link is a functionally separate object that is not subject to further decomposition within the framework of building a given logistics system and fulfills its local purpose associated with certain logistics functions and operations.
A logistics operation is a separate set of actions aimed at transforming material and information flows.
A logistics function is an enlarged group of logistics operations aimed at achieving the goals of the logistics system and specified by the values of indicators that are its output variables.
A macrologistic system is a system for managing economic flows, covering intermediary, trade and transport organizations and enterprises of various industries and areas, as well as the infrastructure of the economy of a single country or group of countries.
The mesological system is a system associated with the globalization of world economic processes and the unification of large groups of enterprises into conglomerates, integrated by economic flows in a single logistics system.
Micrologistics system - covers the scope of activity of an individual enterprise, is built from the standpoint of the strategic goals of companies and optimization of basic operational processes, provides solutions to local issues within the framework of individual functional elements of logistics systems.
W. Pareto's optimality criterion is such an acceptable economic behavior of a logistics system in which none of the subsystems can improve its position without worsening the position of at least one of the other subsystems.
Synergetic connection is a type of connection in the system. A connection that, through the joint actions of independent elements of the system, ensures an increase in the overall effect to a value greater than the sum of the effects of the same elements acting independently.
Emergence is the properties of a system that are not inherent in its constituent elements, considered separately, outside the system.
Logistics costs are the costs of performing logistics operations.
Supply logistics is an independent area of logistics, the subject of which is the physical movement of material and material elements of production in space and time at the stage of their influx into the enterprise, management of external supplies of material resources and production inventories.
Production logistics is the management of the delivery of material resources to workplaces (as they move from stage to stage of the production process) and work-in-process inventories.
Distribution logistics is an independent area of logistics, the subject of which is the physical movement of goods from producers to consumers, sales and inventory management.
Transport logistics is a type of logistics that manages a set of operations that ensure the physical movement of inventory between participants in the supply chain at minimal cost.
The subject of transport logistics is the tasks associated with organizing the movement of goods by general-purpose transport.
Warehouse logistics is a type of logistics that manages a complex of interrelated operations that ensure the movement of flows during the reception, placement, storage, accounting of goods and the organization of release to consumers with minimal costs for organizing warehousing.
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