Types of composition Vertical composition gives work of art rush, upward movement or creates a feeling of constriction L.F. Zhegin Crowd e
Types of composition V. Surikov. Boyarina Morozova Diagonal compositions convey the dynamics of action, movement towards or away from the viewer and cover large spaces
Concert “Spring” from the cycle “The Seasons” by Antonio Vivaldi part. "Spring is coming!" Spring is coming! And nature is full of joyful songs. The sun and warmth, the streams are babbling. And Zephyr spreads the holiday news like magic. Suddenly velvet clouds roll in, like heavenly thunder rings out the gospel. But the mighty whirlwind quickly dries up, And the twittering again floats in blue space. Part 2. “A Peasant’s Dream” The breath of flowers, the rustle of grass, Nature is full of dreams. The shepherd sleeps, tired for the day, and the dog barks barely audibly. Part 3. “Pastoral Dance” The sound of the shepherd's bagpipes spreads, humming over the meadows, And the dancing nymphs the magic circle of Spring is colored with wondrous rays. A.G. Venetsianov. Sleeping shepherdess. 1780
Form - In fine art, form is the outline, appearance, contour of an object. The most simple shapes approaching a square, triangle, circle, “amoeba”. the sum of techniques, expressive and visual arts to create an image in any form of art by A. Giacometti. Spider A. Giacometti. Cat
The square is a complete, stable form that expresses affirming images; it is not characterized by movement or flight. The triangle is an active form, developing on a plane and in space, carries the possibility of movement, expresses the struggle of opposites, and can be aggressive. The circle is the most vivid expression of the idea of nature (Earth, Sun, universe), therefore it is associated with the concepts of “good”, “happiness”, “life”. The fluid form of the amoeba gives images an unstable character and is associated with romance, melancholy, and pessimism.
Line To Reinforce artistic image forms can be stylized or transformed. They emphasize or change character traits object, and unnecessary details are discarded. These techniques are especially often used in poster and book graphics and in animation, as well as in modern sculpture. has its own form that expresses the image. It can be swift or viscous, smooth or angular, purposeful or chaotic, and thereby forms various images.
This is the organization of the musical whole, methods of development musical material, as well as genre designations that authors give to their works, for example: song, romance, ballad, prelude, etc. Forms-compositions in music are based on the principles of repetition and contrast known to you. There are two-part and three-part musical forms, variations, rondo, sonata form, etc. The scale of the concept of a musical work determines its form-composition. Song genres are characterized by simple forms (verse, verse-variation); works of dance genres are often written in three-part form. And the dramaturgy of such genres as symphony, concert, opera, ballet requires more detailed forms, built on comparison and contrast of contrasting images.
Pick two musical works With various shapes. Compare how the main musical idea is developed and affirmed in them. What methods of development predominate in each of these works. Select examples of works of painting, graphics or sculpture that have a certain character of form.
You might think that mathematical calculations don't matter to artistic arts. But that's not true. Reflection of the world around us, which to a greater or lesser extent is fine art, is associated with the reproduction geometric shapes and their proportions.
Sometimes these proportions are deliberately violated, creating optical illusions. A master in this field can be called Mauritsa Escher. Dutch artist the middle of the 20th century, in the space of whose drawings everything is possible. One form flows into another, perspective does not converge at one point, objects have neither beginning nor end. This discrepancy with the laws of nature and logic fascinates viewers who are trying to find a solution to the artist’s graphic paintings.
The world of the avant-garde
By presenting art in a new way, using its capabilities in a way that had not been done before, painters of the avant-garde movement (French. avant-garde- walking in front) tried to spread out objective world into its constituent elements. They represented the feeling through imagery and color associations. From this it turned out that geometric figures in the paintings of painters often expressed both form and content.
An example would be creativity Wassily Vasilyevich Kandinsky. The Russian painter, a representative of the avant-garde of the first half of the 20th century, makes abstraction an end in itself in his paintings. Theoretically, Kandinsky's ideas are justified by the creation next to " real world"The world of abstractions, which outwardly seems to have nothing in common with reality. This new system, obeying its own laws.
In painting, feeling plays an important role; the artist’s paintings are very musical, although they do not have sounds. The basis of his paintings is an emotional outburst, the figures are subject to this movement, they follow the emotion. Kandinsky wrote that the circle, which so often becomes centrally his paintings of the 20s. can be called "romantic". This romance is deep and contradictory, like fire burning in ice.
Geometry of the creator of the “Black Square”
Suprematism(“superiority”) is an avant-garde movement, the invention of which belongs to Kazimir Malevich. Its formation dates back to the creation of " Black square"(1915). The artist imagined that in his work he had come to the basis of art and stepped beyond it, stepped into that plane where there is no longer form, there is nothing. The geometric form in the paintings of the author of this period is given on its own, without any contexts or specific meanings.
« White on white"1918, where a white square figure is depicted on a white canvas - a retreat into even greater pointlessness. Malevich sought in these paintings to nullify all previous art. A decade later, K. Malevich’s style undergoes changes. The artist moves to a direction later called “Russian neo-Suprematism”. Here colors and shapes express certain thoughts and describe specific events.
« Athletes» 1932 - the picture is completely symmetrical. In the foreground are impersonal figures of athletes, built mainly from vertical lines, which in the background are replaced by contrasting horizontal ones. The colors intersect with each other on both planes.
municipal autonomous educational institution
Perevozsky municipal district
Nizhny Novgorod region
« high school No. 2 Perevoz"
ResearchJob
Bymathematics
"Geometry in Painting"
Performed:
student of grade 7 "A"
Shimina Daria
Supervisor:
mathematic teacher
Klementieva M. N.
Transportation 2016
Content
Introduction. ...……………………………………………………………3
Main part. . . .………………………………………………………..............4-.13
1. The concept of geometric technique in painting.…………………… 4
2. Geometric painting. Drawing geometric bodies……….. 5
3.Geometric abstraction……………………………...………….....6
4. Cubism…………………………………………………………………………………. 7
5. Geometric painting by Richard Sarson …...................................8
6. Geometric painting by Simon Birch……………………………9
7.Paintings from straight lines Tadaomi Shibuya…………………………10
8.How to make a picture using the technique of geometric painting………..11-12
9. My paintings using the technique of geometric painting………………..13
Conclusion….………………………………………………………………………………14
INTRODUCTION
Creativity and mathematics are to the same extent the creation of beauty, like the creativity of a painter or poet - a set of ideas, like a set of colors and words, must have internal harmony.
Godfrey Hardy, English mathematician and philosopher.
I have a lot of interests. One of them is drawing. I really like to draw nature, still lifes, people. And I’m good at it! I recently looked up material for a lesson on the Internet. visual arts and came across paintings of geometric shapes. I was very interested in this technique, and I decided to learn as much as possible about it. Using geometric shapes, you can draw portrait sketches, landscapes, ornaments, etc. At school, of all academic subjects, I give preference to geometry (we started studying it only this school year).
In my research work, I tried to reflect the technique of geometric painting and show how closely geometry is related to art.
So,target my research work: to study the technique of geometric paintingand use the learned material in practice.
Tasks:
Learn the technique of geometric painting;
draw a picture using the technique of geometric painting with your own hands.
Subject of study: mathematics.
Object of study: geometric drawing technique.
Main part. World of Figures
1. What is geometric painting technique.
Geometric painting technique is one of early stages art development Ancient Greece(IX-VIII centuries BC). This is manifested in the painting of utensils. The geometric style is characterized by diversity and clarity of patterns; their rigor emphasizes the construction of a constructive object. The ornament is arranged in stripes and is made from broken lines, crosses, and circles. In the later period of the development of Ancient Greece, an image of a person from geometric shapes appeared.
2.Geometric painting. Drawing geometric solids
In drawing geometric figures, the main thing is to be able to imagine the object in volume and in different angles. It is better to start drawing simple geometric shapes or household objects.
Such exercises help to acquire the necessary skills in drawing and drawings of architectural structures.
The diagram presented below shows all the stages from composition (the correct arrangement of objects in space) to the construction and shading of objects.
Stages of work:
Mark the locations of objects on a piece of paper extreme points(composition).
Find the center of the figure, where the construction begins;
Marking with dots;
Outline the lines of the future part, and then finish drawing;
Drawing shadows (light, shadow, penumbra, falling shadow, highlight, reflex);
Create integrity to the drawing.
The latter can be done using clear lines.
The first sketches on the sheet should be pale, and then clearer lines should be added. An eraser should be used extremely rarely - when a mark is made too clearly, but erroneously and will interfere with the further construction of the drawing. It is worth erasing erroneous notes only when correct ones are found.
If you want to learn how to draw beautifully, then you should try to draw from memory or from life. Before you draw a picture, you need to study and examine the object from all sides and make it with different provisions sketch drawings that will help better reflect the shape being drawn.
3.Geometric abstraction.
Geometric abstraction - form abstract art using geometric shapes combined into an abstract composition. Such a picture is created by combining a wide variety of geometric bodies, colored planes, broken and straight lines.
This art has been popular throughoutXXcentury. By using of this art you can share your thoughts, emotional state. It is not always possible to draw such a picture, since it is quite difficult to do. As practice shows, according to psychologists, drawing such pictures can help solve some human problems.
4. Cubism.
Cubism - the avant-garde movement in painting appeared at the beginningXXcentury. Many geometric shapes are used in this direction.
In 1912, a new direction was born in Cubism. Art critics began to call it “synthetic cubism.”
In the fine arts, three branches of this direction can be distinguished, which reflect different aesthetic concepts. Each of which can exist as a separate independent movement: Cézanne Cubism (1907-1909), Analytical Cubism (1909-1912) and Synthetic Cubism.
Artists and geometry
5. Geometric painting by Richard Sarson
“I always want to play with shapes”
Adore..."
Richard Sarson is graphic artist. He graduated from King's College London, received a bachelor's degree, and later a master's degree. The work of Richard Sarson fascinates with its singularity. Everyone can see anything in them! To create such a picture you don’t need much. Compasses, paper and ballpoint pens will help turn your fantasies into reality.
The drawing of his technique consists of many circles intersecting with each other. As the author says, he creates such paintings at the call of his heart. All the artist’s works have clear lines, and the creator of the work himself considers what is most important is how his work will look as a whole, and not what it is made of. The artist's favorite figure is a circle. “It's incredible to draw a line and come back to where you started,” says Richard.
According to the artist, people think that a drawing made with ballpoint pens will be too rough. Therefore, in addition to drawings with a ballpoint pen, Richard tries three-dimensional drawings, creating them from threads stretched on pins. The amazing thing about such works is that anyone can wind the ball back and correct the failed part of the work, and when creating a drawing from clear lines, one awkward movement can ruin the whole picture.
Forms are what I live by, admits Richard Sarson. He knows so much about them that he senses the smell and taste, the sharpness and smoothness of lines with which he can convey what we cannot convey in words.
6. Geometric painting by Simon Birch
Everyone copes with a serious illness as best they can.
In 2007, British artist Simon Birch was given terrible diagnosis. After that he began to create unusual paintings using geometric shapes in them.
Simon Birch was born in 1969 in Great Britain. At the end educational institution received a Master's degree in Fine Art from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.
Simon paints on canvas armed with a brush and mastic. His paintings are made with strange strokes, as if he is trying to brush aside all his thoughts. Unusual artistic technique helped him maintain realism in his strange pictures. The works depict the image and emotions of a person using shape and color.
The collection of colorful geometric paintings is called "Laughing With a Mouth Full of Blood." The name is not very pleasant, but the life of an artist is not easy either. Probably, his paintings serve as a form of therapy and do not allow one to lose heart.
7.Paintings from straight lines
Tadaomi Shibuya
Straightforwardness is a character trait of honest and open people, as well as paintings created by Japanese resident Tadaomi Shibuya.
It is very difficult to find a perfectly straight line in the world. Tadaomi Shibuya's paintings, according to the artist, help create harmony and balance.
They say that a painting made using geometric shapes can reveal a person's character. But this does not mean that Tadaomi Shibuya is strict and boring.
Some people note in the work of Tadaomi Shibuya not the original forms and creative ideas, but the primitiveness and angularity of the execution of the born idea.
8.How to make a picture using the technique of geometric painting.
After reading the theory and getting to know this technique better, I suddenly wanted to create such a miracle myself. But it turned out to be not so easy! To begin with, I decided to make a picture based on the sample. In order for everything to work out, it was necessary to calculate everything down to the smallest detail. I could just take it and draw it, but I need to make sure that everything is removed. I had to calculate how many and what geometric shapes I would need to create a picture according to all the rules and proportions.
To create such wonderful picture I needed an ordinary sheet of paper (I have A4), geometric shapes (and there are a lot of them in the world... Everything around us is geometry), colored pencils (you can make such a picture from any material) and a little imagination (and I have a lot of it! ).
9.My paintings using the technique of geometric painting.
Conclusion
It seems to me that in the course of my research I have collected and studied quite a lot interesting material:
There is a style in painting that is closely related to geometry.
This style has been used since ancient times and was invented in Ancient Greece.
I recognized many artists who use this technique.
I created my paintings using the technique of geometric painting.
I did what I consider very useful, namely: I created my own painting using this wonderful technique. And most importantly, I fell in love with the subject of geometry even more! The material I collected can be used in various geometry classes. I think that my classmates will be interested in learning about this fascinating and educational technique, which serves to develop geometric thinking, and also allows you to display inner world and the character of a person. For some it can even become a hobby!
Very often in the world of artists there are paintings that are significantly different from oil and pastel canvases. They are more reminiscent of drawings, patterns, sketches and are completely incomprehensible to the average viewer. Now we will talk about compositions of geometric shapes, discuss what they are like, what load they carry and why they generally occupy such an honorable place in the art of drawing and painting.
Simple compositions
Every master of the brush who started his journey with art school, will answer you that precise lines and their combinations are the first thing they teach there. Our vision and brain are designed in such a way that if we initially learn to harmoniously combine simple forms, then in the future it will be easier to draw complex pictures. Compositions of geometric shapes allow us to feel the balance of the picture, visually determine its center, calculate the incidence of light, and determine the properties of its components.
It is worth noting that, despite the clarity and directness of such images, they are drawn entirely by hand, without rulers or other auxiliary objects. The parameters of figures are measured using proportions, which can be located in a two-dimensional dimension (flat picture), or can go into perspective, to a single vanishing point of all lines.
Beginning artists draw compositions from geometric shapes in two dimensions. For such paintings, one of the sides is chosen - the plan or the facade. In the first case, all the figures are depicted in a “top view”, that is, the cone and cylinder become a circle, the prism takes on the shape of its base. If figures are depicted in a façade, one of their sides is shown, most often the front. In the picture we see triangles, squares, parallelograms, etc.
3D paintings
In order to develop a sense of perspective, artists learn to depict compositions from three-dimensional geometric shapes that go into perspective. Such an image is considered three-dimensional, and in order to transfer it to paper, you need to clearly imagine everything. Similar drawing techniques are relevant in construction and architectural universities; they are used as exercises. However, students often make real ones out of these “picturesque studies” by drawing incredible insets of figures, dissecting compositions with planes and half-planes, and depicting pictures in cross-section.
In general, we can say that clarity and linearity are the main properties that any composition of geometric shapes has. At the same time, a drawing can be static or dynamic - it depends on the type of figures depicted and their location. If the painting contains mostly cones, triangular prisms, and balls, then it seems to be “flying” - this is definitely dynamic. Cylinders, squares, tetrahedral prisms are static.
Examples in painting
Geometric shapes have found their place in painting, along with romanticism and other trends. A striking example to this is the artist Juan Gris and his most famous painting“Man in a Cafe”, which, like a mosaic, consists of triangles, squares and circles. Another abstract composition of geometric shapes is the canvas “Pierrot” by artist B. Kubisht. Bright, clear and very unique picture.
