Pronouns in German table with translation. Personal pronouns in German

People begin to learn German with pronouns; this is necessary in order to achieve rapid immersion both in the language itself and in spoken grammar.

Unfortunately, many students have a variety of pronouns in their German causes some difficulties. The purpose of this article is to explain and show how some pronouns differ from others.

A pronoun is a part of speech that points to objects but does not name them. Pronouns replace or accompany a noun. The German language has the following pronouns: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, reciprocal, reflexive and impersonal es.

In this article we will take a closer look at personal and possessive pronouns.

Pronouns

German Personal Pronouns

(Personalpronomen) point to a person or object.

Note! The polite form Sie/you in German coincides in its grammatical forms with the pronoun sie/they of the 3rd person plural.

This fact is that many pronouns have the same form but have different meanings, often leads to great confusion. I will give some examples later to illustrate.

Personal pronouns change by case (inflect). In the table below you can see the declination.

The table contains other cases of coincidence of personal pronouns. For example, uns may mean us or us. If you have any doubt about how to correctly translate a pronoun, you can always ask a question about the pronoun and get your bearings.

Example: Martin sieht uns jeden Tag. (Martin sees us every day.) Wen sieht Martin jeden Tag? (Who does Martin see every day?) Question wen? corresponds to the accusative case (Akkusativ). The pronoun in this sentence translates us.

German possessive pronouns

(Possessivpronomen) denote that the word being defined belongs to someone or something.

Let's look at possessive pronouns. In Russian the pronoun mine may denote affiliation to different persons. In German, each personal pronoun has its own possessive pronoun.

Possessive pronouns are associated as a definition with a noun and agree with it in gender, number and case using case endings

Possessive pronouns are inflected in the singular as the indefinite article, and in the plural as the definite article.

In this lesson we will talk about pronouns again. Like nouns, they are also declined according to case. To say “me”, “you”, “him”, etc., study the table carefully.

Declension of personal pronouns

The genitive case of pronouns is practically not used; phrases requiring these forms are considered obsolete.

Pronouns in German are used to replace the noun that has already named the object.
For example:
Ich habe eine Schwester. Sie ist plug. - I have a sister. She's smart.
Das ist ein Telefon. Er arbeiten nicht. - This is a phone. He does not work.

Remember! Not all pronouns are used exactly as we are accustomed to using them in Russian. Many German verbs require a specific case of nouns or pronouns after them.

For example, the verb danken is to thank, which requires the dative case, not the accusative case, as in Russian: Ich danke die für alles. - I thank you for everything.

Declension of possessive pronouns

No less important in language are possessive pronouns, which answer the questions “whose?” whose? whose?". Possessive pronouns once evolved from the genitive case form of personal pronouns. The table will help you verify this.

The possessive pronouns “sein” and “ihr”, which correspond to the personal pronouns “er” and “sie”, can be translated into Russian as his/her or “yours”. This feature also applies when translating other pronouns.

For example:
Das ist seine Wohnung. Er wohnt in seiner Wohnung. - This is his apartment. He lives in his own apartment.
Das ist mein Buch. Ich lese mein Buch. - It is my book. I'm reading my book.

All possessive pronouns are declined according to case, receiving the same endings as articles. Let's consider this rule using the example of the pronoun “mein”.

Now do a few exercises to consolidate what you have learned.

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Translate the personal pronouns in brackets into German.
1. Ich liebe (you).
2. Ich gebe (to you) meine Telefonnummer.
3. Sie hasse (him).
4. Sie versteht (me)?
5. Ich verstehe (you – polite form) nicht.
6. Ich zeige (im) die Fotos.
7. Mein Freund dankt (me).
8. Sag (to him) bitte deine Adresse.
9. Hilfst du (to us)?
10. Sie sagt es (us –2 liters plural) uns.

Exercise 2. Translate the possessive pronouns in brackets into German. Pay attention to the case and gender of the noun.
1. Sie ist (my) Freundin.
2. Wir lieben (our) Stadt.
3. (his) Schwester ist Studentin.
4. (Their) Wohnung ist teuer.
5. Wo ist (your) Haus?
6. Er schreibt (to one's own - date) Bruder einen Brief.
7. (Yours) Kleid ist sehr schön.
8. Er fragt (her) über die Schule.
9. Wir verkaufen (our) Auto.
10. Die Mutter liest das Buch (its own - date) Tochter.

Answers to exercise 1.
1. Ich liebe dich.
2. Ich gebe dir meine Adresse.
3. Sie hasse ihn.
4. Sie versteht mich.
5. Ich verstehe Sie nicht.
6. Ich zeige sie die Fotos.
7. Mein Freund dankt mir.
8. Sag ihm bitte deine Adresse.
9. Hilfst du euch? 10. Sie sagt es uns.

Answers to exercise 2.
1. Sie ist meine Freundin.
2. Wir lieben unsere Stadt.
3. Seine Schwester ist Studentin.
4. Ihre Wohnung ist teuer.
5. Wo ist dein Haus?
6. Er schreibt ihrem Bruder einen Brief.
7. Dein Kleid ist sehr schön.
8. Er fragt sie über die Schule.
9. Wir verkaufen unser Auto.
10. Die Mutter liest das Buch ihrer Tochter.

Meaning pronouns in German very large. Often they can replace a noun, adjective, numeral, article. In a sentence, a pronoun can act as the subject. Using pronouns, interrogative or impersonal sentences and negations are made. This topic is quite extensive and requires in-depth study. Master pronouns in German The table will help.

Personal pronouns in German

Personalpronomen

_________
* Sie - polite form of you

Declension of personal pronouns

For example:

Ich warte auf dich. I'm waiting for you.
Ich (I) - nominative case.
Dich (you) is the accusative case of the pronoun du (you).

Ihm gefällt Deutschland.He likes Germany.
Ihm (to him) - dative pronouns er (he).

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronoun in German- this is nothing more than the genitive case (Genetiv) of personal pronouns. It is formed as follows:

For example:

Ich liebe deine Schwester. I love your sister.
Ich is a personal pronoun.
Deine is a possessive pronoun.

Indefinite pronouns in German

Indefinite pronouns include pronouns such as: jemand, etwas, einer, mancher, alles, irgendein and others. This group can also include the indefinite personal pronoun man. In a sentence, they act as the subject or object (all except man, which is only the subject).

For example:

Alles ist in Ordnung. Everything is fine.
Sie muss etwasändern. She must change something.
Man kann dieses Fahrrad reparieren. This bike can be fixed.

Relative pronouns in German

Performing a function union word, relative pronouns are used in complex sentences.

Das ist die Frau, deren Auto vor dem Haus steht. This is the woman whose car is parked in front of the house. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house.

Relative pronouns include: wer, was, welcher, der. The pronouns der, das, die are formed as follows:

Demonstrative pronouns in German

In a German sentence, demonstrative pronouns most often act as a determiner, however, in some cases they can take on the role of subject or object. The majority of demonstrative pronouns are inflected in the same way as the definite article.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
Dieser(this), der(That), jener(That), solcher(such), derselbe(the same), selbst(himself), etc.

For example:

Dieses Buch mast mir spaß. This book gives me pleasure.
Dieses (this) - demonstrative pronoun, s.r., im.p.
Mir (to me) - personal pronoun, date pad. from ich.

The topic “Pronouns in German” is very extensive. In this article we looked at only some of the most basic types of pronouns and ways of their declension.

Possessive pronouns answer the question "whose?" and indicate belonging ( my answer; our work, etc.). As in Russian, all personal pronouns in German have corresponding possessives; you need to remember them:

Note that ihr (Ihr) means both “ee” and “their” (“your”).

In Russian, in addition to the listed possessive pronouns, there is one more possessive pronoun mine(own). It is “universal”, i.e. can be used instead of any other possessive pronoun.

I'm visiting theirs (=my) parents every week. My friend visits often theirs (=his) parents. you are visiting yours (=yours) sick friend?

In German there is no such “universal” possessive pronoun. Therefore the value "mine" in German conveyed by one of the possessive pronouns listed above, namely, those which corresponds to the face of the subject.

For example:

Ich besuche meine Eltern jede Woche. Mein Freund ( er)besucht seine Eltern oft. Besuchen Sie Ihren kranken Freund?

Task 1. Indicate: a) in which of the following sentences the Russian pronoun “your” corresponds to the German ihr (Ihr):

1. She will finish her work in a month. 2. I haven’t seen my sister for a long time. 3. Do you do your homework in the evening? 4. Oleg helps his family. 5. After college, friends will go to their home village.

b) what possessive pronouns should be used in the remaining sentences.

You can also read about possessive pronouns

Personal pronouns in German

Personal pronouns can be not only the subject of a sentence ( compare: Ich lese Deutsch. Er spricht gut.). They can also answer the questions “to whom?”, “whom?”, i.e. be a complement. You need to remember their forms:

Task 2. Indicate which personal pronouns in German can be used instead of the highlighted ones, and how the meaning of the following sentences will change:

1. Geben Sie mir bitte diesels Buch! 2. Ich sehe Sie oft in der Bibliothek.

Please note that in Russian, personal pronouns of the 3rd person answer the question “whom?” ( his, ee, their) coincide with possessives ( his, ee, their).

I see his often ( whom? - "his" - personal pronoun ).

I see often his sister ( whose sister? - "his" - possessive pronoun ).

There is no such coincidence in German.

I see his often. - Ich sehe ihn oft.

I see often his sister. - Ich sehe seine Schwester oft.

Therefore the words "his", "ee", "their" in various functions correspond different words German language:

him - who? - ihn, whose? - sein
ee - who? - sie, whose? - ihr
them - who? - sie, whose? - ihr

Task 3. Indicate which sentences need to be used when translating: a) the pronoun sie; b) pronoun ihr:

1. My sister Olga and her husband Nikolai live in Moscow. 2. I love her very much. 3. She has been working at school for many years. 4. Their children - Misha and Tanya - are already big. 5. They have their own families. 6. Now I see them often.

Keys to assignments on the topic “Possessive and personal pronouns in German”

1. a) 1; 3; 5. b) mein; 4.sein.

2. 1. ihm; ihr; uns; ihnen. 2.ihn; dich; sie; euch.

German personal pronouns, like Russian ones, are declined. The declension of personal pronouns in German is given in the table. It needs to be learned.

Please note that the table does not include Genitiv personal pronouns because this form is obsolete and is rarely used in modern German.

Exercises on the topic “Declination of personal pronouns in German”

1. Instead of the highlighted nouns, use the corresponding German personal pronouns in Singular or Plural. Do this exercise in writing.

For example: Du fragst Deine Mutter. - Du fragst sie (ee).
Er sucht seine Mappe und seine Karte. - Er sucht sie (theirs).

a) 1. Sein Zimmer ist unten. 2. Der Student wohnt oben. 3. Sie sucht ihr Heft. 4. Meine Schwester fragt den Vater. 5. Er wiederholt die Regel. 6. Der Dozent zeigt diesem Students seine Arbeit. 7. Zeigter seiner Tochter ein Buch?

b) 1. Der Sohn und die Tochter commen heute. 2. Die Mutter sagt ihrer Tochter und ihrem Sohn: "Guten Morgen." 3. Die Studentin sucht ihr Buch und ihr Heft. 4. Student zeigt dem Aspiranten und dem Dozenten seine Arbeit.

2. Complete the sentences with personal pronouns in brackets, using them in the appropriate case. Do it in writing.

1. Dieser Lehrer fragt … nicht oft. (du) 2. Die Studentin antwortet … richtig. (er) 3. Die Tante sagt...: “Ich komme heute um sechs.” (sie they) 4. Er sucht... lange. (wir) 5. Wir bitten…sehr. (Sie) 6. Wem antworten Sie? Ich antworte…, Kinder. (ihr) 7. Lene und Katja schreiben ... oft. (ich) 8. Du antwortest...gern. (sie she)
1. a) 1. es; 2.er; 3.es; 4.ihn; 5.sie; 6.ihm; 7.ihr

b) 1.sie; 2. ihnen; 3.sie; 4. ihnen

2. 1. dich; 2.ihm; 3. ihnen; 4. uns; 5. Sie; 6. euch; 7. mir; 8.ihr