arguments for an essay

The problem of dreams and its implementation often becomes central to works of fiction.

So, the landowner Manilov dreams

But his dreams do not have the slightest connection with reality, and there is no one to make them come true, because... the hero lies more on the sofa, having transferred all household affairs to the clerk. For example, Manilov imagines an underground passage from the house or a bridge across a pond, on which merchant shops with various goods will be located. And at the same time, the author shows us that this very pond has long been abandoned and overgrown with mud. No one takes care of the flower beds around the house, and instead of peace and joy, they, like an abandoned pond, evoke only a sad sigh from those who look at them. Manilov's house itself is uncomfortable; it stands on a hill, blown by all the winds. But the hero is already imagining how he will build another house, with such a high belvedere that even Moscow will be visible from it, and will drink tea on the balcony in the evenings and indulge in conversations about pleasant subjects. Gogol by many artistic means shows us that the hero's dreams will never come true. For example, the futility of his dreams is emphasized by such details as the book on page fourteen, which the owner has been reading for two years now, as well as the names of his sons - Alcides and Themistoclus - in honor of ancient Greek heroes.

Unlike Manilov, the main character of the poem, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, has a great desire to realize his dream. But his dream is exclusively material in nature: he wants to get rich. The hero well remembered his father’s instruction, given to him as a child, that he should take care and save a “kopeck.” And Chichikov, trying to get closer to his goal, does not pay attention to the means. He starts a bold scam with the purchase of dead souls, deceives, flatters, bribes, in general, shows “miracles of enterprise.”

Indulging in dreams, lying on the sofa, and another hero -

Intelligent, kind, understanding the psychology of people, dreaming of have a wonderful life for himself and his loved ones, Oblomov is amazed, according to N. Dobrolyubov, terrible disease, to which many people of the noble class were subject - “Oblomovism”. Indeed, the hero knows the value of people, sees their true aspirations, which are often aimed only at obtaining ranks, titles, awards, and “warm places” in the service. By the absence of a high goal in the lives of these people, Oblomov explains the emptiness in their souls, indifference to everything. He calls “members of the world and society” dead people, sleeping people, and says that they sleep sitting up all their lives. And this justifies his inaction and lying on the couch. According to Oblomov, it is better to lie down than to spend life in meaningless vanity. It is not for nothing that N. Dobrolyubov, already mentioned by us, called Ilya Ilyich a man looking for something, thinking about something; according to the critic, Oblomov is not a stupid and apathetic nature. Despite all this, the hero’s dreams of a renovated estate, happy life surrounded loving wives, children and friends are not destined to come true: not accustomed to work from childhood, because... all the blessings of life went to Oblomov thanks to title of nobility and the liberties granted to this class, the hero is unable to overcome his laziness. He spends whole days half asleep, drawing up a project for renovating the estate for many years now, he is afraid of moving to another apartment, he is unable to refuse the house to worthless people, like Alekseev or Tarantiev, who only want to dine at his expense or borrow money. Only one person stands out from this environment. This is Andrei Stolts, a childhood friend with whom main character spent wonderful years of study, it was with him that I always shared my dreams and views on life. Only to him did Oblomov open up with the best side. Unlike Ilya Ilyich, Andrei Stolts is a very purposeful person. He was not a nobleman by birth, his father served as a manager on an estate adjacent to Oblomovka and from childhood taught his son to help him run his business, made him a tutor in his boarding house and paid him a small salary for this. The desire to achieve something in life pushed Stolz to endless work and self-education. Without any patronage, Andrei, only thanks to his own efforts, achieved a significant position in society, received the rank of court councilor, which gave him the right to become a nobleman. Stolz realized his dream of gaining a position in society, but, having become rich and respected, the hero did not cease to be a good man. He still considered work an integral part of life, was engaged in science, traveled a lot, and improved his enterprises. But, most importantly, he stayed good friend. So, the hero helped Oblomov, taking care of his business affairs, and besides, trying to somehow stir up the main character, he forced him to read, took him out into society, and introduced him to interesting people.

Dreams of love and family happiness and main character

But in her husband’s family, Katerina Kabanova sees only hypocrisy and tyranny. Everyone in the house is afraid of Katerina’s mother-in-law, Kabanikha. The main character's husband is scared to death of his mother, not daring to say a word against, much less stand up for his wife. Katerina strives to live not according to the statutes of Domostroy, but according to the dictates of her heart. Looking for protection, support, care and tenderness, the heroine decides to take a bold step - she enters into a relationship with another man. Katerina hopes that she will feel happy in this relationship, but her drama lies in the fact that, unlike her sister-in-law Varvara, who secretly goes on dates and doesn’t think about it great sin, she cannot forgive herself for betrayal, which she sees as a betrayal against God. Thus, Katerina, dreaming of freedom and happiness, is the only one who is not afraid to do at least something to achieve her dream, even if this dream costs her life.

The problem of dreams becomes central and

The main character, Assol, believes that one day a beautiful young man will come for her on a ship with scarlet sails and take her and her father Longren. Their family lives in a small village on the seashore and feeds only by selling wooden toys that Longren makes. Assol and her father are not liked by the villagers, blaming the head of the family for the death of a rich shopkeeper. They are outcasts, whom few are willing to help, so Assol dreams of leaving for a beautiful country where people know how to love and forgive, and do not dream only of the most primitive and rude things. And her wish comes true.

Hero

Danko dreams of freedom for the people of his tribe, for this he does not regret own life, tearing out the heart from his chest in order to illuminate with its bright fire the path along which the tribe is trying to get out of the impenetrable forest and stinking swamps. The hero does this, despite the fact that people are angry with him and want him dead, not believing that he can fulfill his promise and lead them to freedom. Danko loves and pities people, that’s why his dream is connected with them, with better life for them, that is why he sacrifices himself without regret.

The problem of pursuing a dream becomes central and

The little girl Zoe has one dream: she wants to become a dancer. But life is harsh on the heroine, and she is not accepted into the dance club because she does not fit the physical parameters. Zoyka, as everyone around her calls her, does not give up her dream, she dances just like that, puts on amateur performances in a communal apartment, where she is undoubtedly the most talented. Subsequently, she proves to the examination committee at the theater school that she is worthy of becoming an artist. To do this, the girl needed, in her words, to “climb the wall,” i.e. depict to teachers the situation of climbing on high wall. Later, when she became an excellent dancer and gained fame, to all questions about how she managed to achieve her dream, the heroine answered: “I just really wanted to dance!”

• A.S. Pushkin - novel in verse "Eugene Onegin". In the novel “Eugene Onegin”, in the persons of Lensky and Onegin, the poet presents us with two types of people: a romantic-idealist and a realist-skeptic. These heroes have polar perceptions of the world and opposing views on life. Onegin is satiated, life ^ soberly evaluates people, the situation, life experience weighs on him, sometimes not giving him the opportunity to understand his own soul. Lensky, on the contrary, is young, devoid of burdensome life experience, and also a poet, a dreamer, that is, he is inclined to idealize the world. Perhaps that is why they eventually converge in a bloody duel, the outcome of which is the death of Lensky. As critics noted, the author understood that such a person “had nothing to do in Russia, and killed him by the hand of Onegin” (Herzen). Thus, Pushkin’s dream could not withstand contact with reality.

A.M. Gorky - play "At the Bottom". The problem of confrontation between dreams and reality is the central problem of A.M.’s play. Gorky "At the Bottom". The hero who brings dreams into the lives of those around him is Luke in the play. The image of Luke in the play is ambiguous and dual. He is a subtle psychologist, intelligent, observant, with a huge life experience. The hero’s ideological position is revealed by Luke’s story about two robbers and his parable about the “righteous land.” Luke's ideological opponents are Bubnov, Baron and Satin. However, if Bubnov and Baron are cynical realists, then Satin sincerely believes in man, in his spirit and inner strength. What is the influence of Luke’s “sermons” on the fate of the night shelters? He contributes to the emergence of hope in the lives of the characters (Anna promises to find the desired peace after death, the Actor speaks about a free hospital for alcoholics, Vaska Pepl - about the opportunity to start new life in Siberia, supports romantic story Natasha about love). And the characters themselves change at the end of the play. Critics noted the atmosphere of humanity and general enthusiasm that reigns in the shelter. Kleshch is generous and kind to people, Baron thinks about life for the first time, Bubnov treats everyone, and sounding song unites people. But everything was ruined by the death of the Actor. And this is already a tragic collision of dreams and reality. Others also fail to make their dreams come true. Vaska Pepel goes to Siberia for hard labor, Nastya, who believes in romantic love, catches the Baron lying, Anna dies. However, does the author hold Luke alone responsible for what is happening? What is author's position in the play? We note the author’s critical view of the social structure Russian society, the presence of heroes internal conflicts(fear of life, weak will, laziness of the soul, fear of change). The author does not openly support either the position of Luke or the position of Satin. He puts on one of the plays eternal questions, calling the viewer to think and to own assessment. Of course, Gorky the realist stands for human courage and faith in one’s own strength. However, Gorky the romantic highly valued man's ability to dream. That is why critics wrote that the image of Luke was more successful for the writer than the image of Satin (V. Khodasevich). Critics also noted a certain “kinship” between these characters. At the end of the play, it is Satin who protects Luka. Thus, the heroes of A.M. Gorky reflects the duality and contradictory nature of the writer himself. The author himself leaves this question open.

A. Green - extravaganza " Scarlet Sails». A dream come true is the basis of A. Green's plot. The little girl Assol holds in her hands a toy - a boat with scarlet sails, and for Green it becomes a symbol of fulfilled hopes, happiness, and the victory of good over evil. The world in which the girl lives is cruel and gloomy, she is surrounded by ordinary people, and there is no place for dreams in their lives. Children don’t want to play with Assol, they tease her, adults consider her a village fool, an eccentric, and make fun of her. And the girl leaves the rough, gray reality. The storyteller Egle predicts that she will meet a prince sailing on a sailboat with scarlet sails, and she sincerely believes in it. In the finale, Captain Gray, having fallen in love with the girl, gives her her childhood dream - a sailboat with scarlet sails. And then he will say wonderful words: “I understood one simple truth. It’s about doing so-called miracles with your own hands.”

The work “Dead Souls”, N.V. Gogol.

Gogolsky Manilov from the poem" Dead Souls"big dreamer"
The essence of Manilov’s character is complete idleness. Lying on the sofa, he indulges in dreams, fruitless and fantastic, which he will never be able to realize, since any work, any activity is alien to him.
He indulges in his favorite and only “business”: thinking about the “well-being of a friendly life,” about how “nice it would be to live with a friend on the banks of some river.” His peasants live in poverty, the house is in disarray, and he dreams of how nice it would be to build a stone bridge across the pond or an underground passage from the house. His dreams take him further and further away from reality.

The story “The Return of the Brother”, V.I. Amlinsky

The story creates the image of a very sincere, spontaneous boy who dreamed of a friend, a protector. He hopes to find it in his older brother and looks forward to his return. But the older brother lost himself as an individual and sank to the “bottom” of life. However, the faith of the younger brother and the inability to deceive him help the eldest, Ivan, return to normal life.

Chimsha-Himalayan, dreaming of an estate with gooseberries, is malnourished, denies himself everything, marries for convenience, dresses like a beggar and saves money. He practically starved his wife to death, but he achieved his dream. How pitiful he is when he eats sour gooseberries with a happy, self-satisfied look!

Novel “War and Peace”, L.N. Tolstoy.

The hero of the novel Andrei Bolkonsky at the beginning of his military career dreams of glory gained on the battlefield. However, after being seriously wounded near Austerlitz, he realizes that reality is not at all what he imagined. Under the sky of Austerlitz, a turning point occurs in the soul. Bolkonsky views dreams of glory gained on the battlefield as a deep delusion. Idol younger generation the beginning of the 19th century was, undoubtedly, Napoleon. But in the face of death A.B. understands that now Napoleon has ceased to be a hero for him: “...he seemed like a small, insignificant person”

Novel “Oblomov”, I.A. Goncharov.

The dreams of the hero of I. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” did not coincide with reality. Ilya Ilyich dreamed of a happy peaceful life in love, but in reality he turned out to be unable to build this very happiness due to his inability to live.

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• Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov described the gap between dreams and reality in his novel The Master and Margarita. The main character dreamed of publishing a book - the achievement of his whole life. For the sake of writing it, he quit his job and spent a lot of the money he won on purchasing various works that helped him in his creativity. But in the end, he himself regretted that he had so zealously sought the fulfillment of his dream. Critics immediately descended on the published excerpt like a flock of ravens on a corpse. Insults began in the press, persecution of such an “anti-Soviet” writer began. And the basement on Arbat, which the Master paid for with winning the lottery, did not bring happiness: he was set up and evicted by Magarych, who pretended to be a friend. The hero ends up in a madhouse, and he completely burnt his novel. It turns out that a person should be afraid of his desires, because he cannot even imagine how they will turn out in reality.
• M. A. Bulgakov talks about the insignificance of some of our desires in the novel “The Master and Margarita.” Woland, at his performance in Variety, ironizes about the dreams of Muscovites: they are all obsessed with “ housing issue" The magician satisfies their pettiness and vanity by throwing wads of money into the air, dressing women in luxurious outfits. But the author of the novel showed the vanity and insignificance of such aspirations literally: all the money and clothes melted away or turned into empty pieces of paper. Thus, the dreams of all these narrow-minded and stingy people turned out to be worthless illusions, and Satan taught them a good lesson.
• The heroine of M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” went through a lot to realize her cherished dream. The woman passionately wanted to return her loved one, who had disappeared. She tried everything possible, but never learned anything about his fate. And then one day she met a stranger who made a frightening offer: take the cream, smear it all over your body and wait for his call. After this, there should be a meeting with a foreigner who knows about the Master what Margarita so wants to know. The woman was very scared, but decided to take this step. She left her husband and everything forever old life in contentment and idleness. She had to meet the devil and become the hostess at his ball. She endured both pain and fear for the sake of love. As a result, the heroine was able to rescue the Master, but the fulfillment of her dream came at a high price. Thus, in order to get what you want, you need to make an effort, because dreams don’t just come true.

F. M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”

• F. M. Dostoevsky in his work “Crime and Punishment” described a very dangerous dreamer who should beware of his desires. Rodion Raskolnikov sought to restore trampled social justice and distribute the surplus of rich people to the poor. To do this, he chose the first victim - the moneylender Alena Ivanovna. This old woman shrouded dozens of honest but poor families in debt networks. The hero kills her, and at the same time takes the life of her pregnant sister, who witnessed the massacre. But the fulfillment of his dream turns into the collapse of all his bright hopes. The stolen money did not help anyone, but only destroyed the peace of mind of the murderer and thief. Thus, some desires really should be feared, since in reality they can only be embodied in ugliness and sinfulness.
• Reality is sometimes unable to desecrate a dream, as the author of the book “Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky, proves to us. Sonya Marmeladova dreamed of turning Rodion into Christian faith and direct him on the righteous path of atonement for sin. Therefore, the girl undertakes a moral feat: she goes to hard labor after her beloved. The harsh realities of prison life did not break the sublime soul. The heroine adapted to the cruel order and supported many prisoners with her care. Everyone loved her. Even the cold heart of proud Rodion melted. As a result, Sonya's wish came true: her chosen one renounced the inhuman theories. In the epilogue we see how he enthusiastically reads the Bible, imbued with wisdom and mercy. Thus, even the most seemingly unrealizable dream can break into reality and not be desecrated by it if a person passionately believes in what he is doing.

A. P. Chekhov, “Ionych”

• In A.P. Chekhov’s story “Ionych” the hero dreams of his realization in his profession. He wants to make a big contribution to the development of medicine, wants to help people and bring good to this world. But Dmitry finds himself in a remote province, where his sincere impulses towards the light are drowned out by the impenetrable darkness of philistinism and vulgarity. The entire environment of the young doctor drags him into a swamp of monotony and boredom. Here no one strives for anything, no one craves anything. Everything is going as usual. And Startsev also betrays his dream, becoming an ordinary, fat, middle-aged man. He is rude and grumbling, serving annoying patients, whom he views solely as a source of income. Now he just wants to sit in the club and play gambling. Using his example, we understand that betrayal of one’s ideals and dreams promises complete spiritual degradation.
• Not all dreams are destined to come true, and this is the norm. This thesis is proven by A.P. Chekhov in the book “Ionych”. Katerina dreams of becoming a virtuoso pianist, but can she do it? Hardly. Not all people are given true talent. But the heroine does not understand this, boasting of her ability to drum on the keys. She even rejects Dmitry's proposal, leaves her father's house and spends several years in the capital, trying to learn to be a pianist. So what's the end result? Youth fades, beauty fades, and dreams turn into painful stings of ambition. The girl returns home with nothing, vaguely aware of her own mediocrity. Was it worth it to be so arrogant and reject young man? No. But the past cannot be returned, and Katerina tries in vain to remind Dmitry of her old feelings. Thus, not all dreams can be realized by a person, and he must accept this fact courageously and calmly, directing his efforts in another, more suitable direction.

A. S. Pushkin, “The Captain's Daughter”

• Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his historical novel « Captain's daughter” describes dedication to a dream that culminates in the desire becoming a reality. Marya Mironova fell in love with Peter and dreamed of marrying him. But fate kept putting a spoke in their wheels: first, Shvabrin informed Grinev’s father that the dowry was eager to lure the rich heir into a trap. The elderly nobleman, naturally, forbade this marriage. Then Marya became Alexei's captive, and he forced her to marry him. It would seem that the poor orphan should have accepted the offer; nothing better could have been expected, but the girl stubbornly waited for her beloved. When the liberation took place, she had to lose Peter again. He was convicted for imaginary help to Pugachev. And then the heroine was not afraid to go to the empress herself. Such fidelity to her dream finally led Marya to the fulfillment of her desire: she became the wife of her loved one.
• Sometimes people are ready to do any abomination to make their dream come true. This example is described by A. S. Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter.” Alexey wanted to marry Marya, but she rejected him. The beauty also fell in love with the new officer of the garrison, Peter. Then Shvabrin decided to achieve his goal through intrigue and even betrayal. He denigrated the reputation of Mironova and her family in the eyes of Grinev. Then the brave young man appointed a duel to the gossip, defending the honor of his beloved girl. And Shvabrin again showed meanness, taking advantage of a dishonest method. And when the fortress was captured by the rebels, the hero did not bat an eyebrow, betraying his patronymic name. It was then that he decided to take his wife by force and coercion, stopping at nothing. Grinev stopped him in time, and yet Alexey was ready to step over all moral prohibitions, just to achieve his dream. Because of such unscrupulousness, it did not come true, because in any endeavor it is important to maintain dignity, otherwise you will only move away from your dream, because you will become unworthy of it.

A. N. Ostrovsky, “Thunderstorm”

• In A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” the main character dreams of a happy and free life. But the marriage did not live up to her hopes: her husband was under iron heel mother, who reproached every day of the young family's existence. If the son could still escape for a while to a tavern or on business, then his wife took upon herself the full burden of the relationship with her mother-in-law. Reality cruelly deceived the expectations of a sublime and romantic girl. She thought that all families, like her parents, lived in harmony and understanding. But her dream of love is not destined to come true even outside of Kabanikha’s scrap. Boris was another disappointment. His love did not extend beyond his uncle's ban. As a result, from the collision of reality with the world of dreams, the heroine loses the strength to live and kills herself. Thus, the conflict between reality and dreams can lead to tragedy.
• Dreams come true, but not by themselves. Something needs to be done for this. But often people do not understand simple truths, and A. N. Ostrovsky described such an example in the drama “The Thunderstorm.” Tikhon loves his wife and dreams of living with her in the warmth and harmony of the family hearth, but the hero’s mother constantly pesters the young people with her eternal desire to control everything. It would seem that this problem can be corrected, but Tikhon is a weak-willed and apathetic person to whom any task seems an unbearable burden. He is afraid of his mother, although he has already become a grown man. As a result, he pulls the strap difficult life without trying to make your desires come true. This was enough to drive unfortunate Katerina to suicide. In the finale, the hero mourns his wife and reproaches his mother for the collapse of all his hopes. But he alone is to blame.

I. A. Goncharov, “Oblomov”

• In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” the hero gets bogged down in fantasies all his life, hiding from reality in a warm robe on his favorite sofa. He practically never leaves the house, but he often thinks about going out and doing something. Ilya Ilyich only brushes aside all the demands of reality (theft in Oblomovka, the need to leave the apartment, etc.), trying at any cost to transfer worries about business to someone else. Therefore, Oblomov is always surrounded by scammers who benefit from their friend’s continuous escape from reality, where they shamelessly rob him. Ilya Ilyich's daydreaming leads him to a dead end. Living his days in illusions, he has forgotten how to do anything, so he loses his beloved Olga, squanders the rest of his inheritance and leaves his son an orphan without a fortune. Oblomov dies in the prime of his life from his way of life, although no, from his way of thinking, because it is he who brings a man to complete physical and spiritual degradation. Thus, excessive daydreaming threatens a person with irreparable and serious consequences.
• Our dreams don't always lead us the right way. Sometimes they entangle us in the depths of labyrinths, from where it is difficult to get back. Therefore, it is necessary in time to distinguish our true desires from false and imposed ideas about what we want. In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” there is just such an example. Olga Ilyinskaya imagined herself to be the savior of Ilya Ilyich and began to stubbornly remake him. She did not spare his habits, did not take his opinion into account, and did not love him the way he was in real life. She saw in front of her only an illusion that she dreamed of making. Therefore, their relationship did not work out, and the heroine herself found herself in a stupid position. She, young and beautiful, almost herself proposed to the lazy fat man, who in every possible way slowed down the process. Then the woman realized that she had been living in illusions and had invented love for herself. Olga, fortunately, found a more suitable husband and said goodbye to false desires that could have made her unhappy if they had come true. Thus, not all dreams lead us to a happy future.

A. Green, “Scarlet Sails”

• In Green’s work “Scarlet Sails,” the heroine proved by her example that even the wildest dreams come true if a person believes in them with all his heart. Once upon a time, a little girl received a prediction that a prince would come for her on a magic ship with scarlet sails. Assol believed in destiny and began to wait for it mysterious stranger, although everyone around laughed at her naivety. Society took out its negative attitude towards her father on her, and the girl grew up as an outcast. In addition, she was considered crazy, because who in their right mind would believe in stories about fairy-tale ships and handsome princes? But the heroine stubbornly believed in her lucky star, and for good reason. The brave sailor learned about her dream and fulfilled it, deciding to support the beauty. As a result, Assol waited for her wish to come true, despite the fact that no one believed in her. Thus, in order to realize your dreams, you must be a courageous and independent person, devoted to your ideal.
• To fulfill his dream, a person sometimes has to sacrifice a lot. For example, Arthur Gray from the story “Scarlet Sails” was forced to leave his home and sever ties with his family in order to become a sailor. His parents were famous aristocrats, representatives of an ancient dynasty. Their only son was destined for the fate of a diplomat, because his father was an important government official. However, the boy wanted to live differently. The gloomy and pompous atmosphere of the mansion depressed him. He wanted freedom and variety of travel. But the family did not approve of his intentions. Then the 15-year-old boy ran away from home. It was undoubtedly difficult for him to take this step, but he was able to step out of his comfort zone. This is the price of fulfilling dreams.

N.V. Gogol, “Dead Souls”

• The difference between a dream and a desire becomes obvious when we find out what a person wants from life. The main character of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” wanted one thing: enrichment. For this purpose, he traveled around Russia in search of landowners who could transfer to him those peasants who had already died. Thus, the swindler intended to fraudulently obtain a loan by mortgaging dozens of serfs who actually did not exist. It is obvious that Chichikov did not disdain the lowest means in implementing his plans. He was not afraid to put his honor, even his freedom, on the line, because such machinations could lead to prosecution. But is the result worth the risk? Is a person really ready to sacrifice everything he has for the sake of money? This is a very petty reason. For a dream, a simple desire for profit is not enough. This is just a consumer desire that is easy to satisfy. Most people have it, there is nothing in it that could inspire a person. A real dream is an ideal, a barely achievable miracle to which a person strives. And what is so prosaic and banal is called only a momentary whim - desire.
• One of the heroes of N. V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” was particularly dreamy. Manilov lived in dreams, so in words he seemed like an ideal landowner. He dreamed of building a stone bridge across the pond, putting tents and stalls there for merchants, in a word, organizing innovative trading platforms. However, all the regulars of the house knew that the owner had been telling this story for several years. He also gave the impression of being well read and cultured person, but the book on his desk has been open at page fourteen for two years. The nobleman cared very much about the farm, but did not understand anything about it, so the manager robbed him. Manilov lived by illusions that fed his imagination. He had enough of these phantoms; he was not going to do anything to realize them. Therefore, none of his grandiose plans will ever cease to be a plan.

A. P. Chekhov, “Gooseberry”

• A dream is a beautiful and inspiring extravaganza that leads us through life to the future we want. But if dreams turn into a fanatical desire, close to obsession, then they can drive a person crazy. An example was described by A.P. Chekhov in the story “Gooseberry”. The main character wanted more than anything to buy his own estate. There he intended to grow his favorite garden berries and live in complete peace. For the sake of acquiring this piece of paradise, he decided to waste all of himself. The man married for convenience, killed his wife with economy and stinginess, and he himself was undernourished, just to save money for the coveted purchase. All hobbies, feelings, knowledge were forgotten. Nikolai Ivanovich lived only by a dream. As a result, he achieved his goal, became a master with his own estate and a saucer of sour gooseberries. But he lived alone and in complete idleness, having neither family, nor love, nor the work of his whole life. The hero became spiritually poor, scared all his friends, even his brother felt uneasy in his presence. Extremes do not lead to good, even if they appear in dreams. Fanaticism destroys inner world person.
• In A.P. Chekhov’s story “Gooseberry,” the main character proved by his own example that one cannot dream only about material values, otherwise the dreamer’s personality will degrade. Nikolai Ivanovich all his life sought only to acquire an estate, which his father lost due to debts. The son reacted very painfully to this incident from the family chronicle, and, apparently, this event influenced his worldview. He was ready to sacrifice everything just to acquire an estate with a plot suitable for growing gooseberries. Nikolai Ivanovich took as his wife a rich, but middle-aged and ugly widow, and soon brought her to death with his stinginess. This behavior alienated all his acquaintances and friends. He was left alone, but with gooseberries, because he bought a house and land. After purchasing it brother noted that the newly minted master had fallen and degraded. A petty and selfish dream led him to a philistine existence, which cannot be called a full life. His well-fed satisfaction has nothing to do with happiness. That is why it cannot be said that all dreams are equally sublime and beautiful.

A. I. Kuprin, “Olesya”

In A. Kuprin’s story “Olesya,” the heroine had a dreamy nature, so she imagined that she could deceive fate. She had magical abilities, and with the help of cards she made a prediction that foreshadowed her pain from her relationship with her lover. But the young witch was too fascinated by Ivan, and therefore allowed the dream of their love to become a reality. Their romance really continued easily and rapidly, the young people were crazy about each other. Apparently, because of this eclipse of consciousness, the girl succumbed to destructive illusions - she believed that she needed to go to church and lead the lifestyle that her chosen one liked. But reality turned out to be a cruel refutation of this sweet self-deception: Olesya was severely beaten by fanatical parishioners. She realized that dreams of an alliance with Ivan were not destined to break through the misunderstanding and prejudices of society. And the dream of conquering fate also did not come true: inexorable fate followed on the heels of the victim. It is obvious that reality destroys our fantasies when we are under the intoxicating spell of love and allow ourselves to dream about what simply cannot come true.

I. A. Bunin, “Mr. from San Francisco”

In Ivan Bunin's story "Mr. from San Francisco", the hero's dream never comes true, because he kept pushing back the deadline for its implementation and, in the end, died. He worked all his life, made capital, built his own business, and therefore devoted little time to family and leisure. So, from a man he turned into a gentleman without a name and individual traits. The hero became an ordinary businessman, in whom it was possible to discern only the presence of money. But he dreamed of something else - about a happy life with loved ones, about travel and new sensations. But the man realized too late what was really dear to him. Having never reached the cherished goal of the journey, he died at the first stop. All his dreams were shattered due to his inability to sort out his priorities. He put off important things for later, and as a result, nothing came true.

N.V. Gogol, “Nevsky Prospekt”

Not all dreams are equally useful for a person. Some of them are really worth fearing. For example, the artist from Gogol’s book “Nevsky Prospekt” saw a beautiful stranger on the main street of the city. He immediately fell in love and followed her in the hope of meeting her. Imagination creative person endowed the girl with some kind of magical charm. He followed her, and even seemed to see signs of attention from her, but it turned out that the sweet young lady was leading him to a brothel. Seeing the hot spot, the hero was taken aback and ran away. At home, he desperately missed the young woman, or rather, his vision from Nevsky Prospekt. He endowed him with an extraterrestrial beauty with a hypnotic attraction. He immediately decided to save his ideal, to snatch it from the clutches of vice. But a repeated visit to the brothel showed that the desire was unrealistic. The girl laughed contemptuously in response to the artist’s sermons. All his illusions were shattered with a crash. He couldn't survive it. The conclusion can be drawn as follows: impressionable people should not pursue dubious ideals. They need to be afraid of their wild imagination.

The collapse of hopes for a dream come true can hurt a person and deprive him of his incentive to live. For example, the hero of Gogol’s story “Nevsky Prospekt” is disappointed in his dream of saving a beautiful stranger. The young brunette he saw on the street turns out to be a worker from a brothel. Piskarev is very worried about this, but decides to rescue the girl from captivity of vice. Opium greatly inflamed his imagination, and in a state of drug intoxication, the man could no longer adequately perceive reality. Arriving at the brothel, he began to preach the rejection of an immoral lifestyle. Naturally, the heroine only laughed at the guest. She wasn't going to change anything. But Piskarev could not stand the collapse of his hopes and committed suicide. The unfortunate man simply could not live anymore, having lost his crazy dream, which is why the consequences of the destruction of dreams were so tragic.

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“Mr. from San Francisco” I.A.Bunina

I.A. Bunin in his story shows the reader the gap between dreams and reality using the example of the main character. An elderly American, at fifty-eight years old, is just beginning to live. “Until this time, he did not live, but only existed, although very well, but still pinning all his hopes on the future.” He worked a lot, but not with his own hands, but by organizing the work of hired Chinese. And now his plans were to spend two years traveling. The itinerary was planned to be overly eventful: bullfights in Seville, pigeon shooting in Monte Carlo, carnival in Nice, Easter in Rome and even “love for money” of young Neapolitan girls. In fact, it turned out that the weather in Naples was terrible. Old Italy, which so beckoned, is not attractive at all. There is dirt, poverty and stench all around. My health is no longer the same, my health is failing. In search of better entertainment, the family moves to Capri. Where the gentleman from San Francisco dies. His dream is not destined to come true. Reality had its own plans. It’s good to do everything on time and strive to make your dreams come true. Don't put off life for later.

“Gooseberry” and “Ionych” by A.P.Chekhov

A.P. Chekhov in the story “Gooseberry” introduces us to Nikolai Ivanovich. The hero dreamed all his life of his own house with a plot of land and fruit trees. And so that the gooseberries definitely grow. All methods and means, all life, were devoted to this goal. Nikolai did not eat enough, married for convenience, and starved his wife to death. He eventually purchased the estate. But it was very different from his dream. And the reality of life in his own estate greatly spoiled the hero. He lost the meaning of his own existence.

In the story “Ionych” by A.P. Chekhov, the young doctor strives to do a lot for medicine and develop in the profession. He goes to small county town to start your own practice. He goes to patients on foot and takes almost no money from patients. But the dream is shattered by everyday life. The boring life of a provincial town, greed and growing indifference make Dmitry Ionovich simply “Ionych”, who is not interested in anything except houses and money.

Ekaterina Ivanovna, with whom the young doctor was in love, was also bitterly disappointed in reality. Her dream was to study at the conservatory. After all, everyone around praised her musical abilities. For this reason, she refuses Startsev to marry. But in the capital she understands that she has no talent. Returns to parents' house. Remains an old maid forever.

“The Fate of Man” by M.A. Sholokhov

In the story by M.A. Sholokhov. The main character seemed to have all his dreams come true. Him a happy family: wife and daughters. But the Great One interferes with peaceful life Patriotic War. Andrei Sokolov leaves with everyone else to defend the Motherland from the invaders. But already in the second year of the war, while rescuing his comrades, he was captured by the enemy. It was hell. Prisoners were tortured, starved, forced to do hard work, beaten, and shot for the slightest offense. But Andrei survived and was saved. The spark of life in him burned thanks to the dream of seeing his family again. He regularly had mental conversations with his wife and daughters. He promised that he would return. Gritting his teeth, he endured everything. Was able to plan and carry out an escape, risking his life. He did not know that he had nowhere to return. His entire family was killed. But the pipe dream of meeting his family, which became a vital goal, helped the hero survive.

“White Nights” by F.M. Dostoevsky

F.M. Dostoevsky in the story creates the most vivid image of a dreamer in Russian literature. A person does not have a first name, last name, or position. His whole life is subordinated to the goddess Fantasy. And the only personal trait that the author has endowed with the hero is daydreaming. The young man is mired in an unreal world, and it destroys him.

"Thunderstorm" A.N. Ostrovsky

In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky we meet a young girl - Katerina. Her dream was a happy, free life. But the dreams were shattered by harsh reality. The husband turned out to be a weak-willed man, subject to the tyranny of his mother. The girl turned out to be a victim of the “dark kingdom”.

“Dead Souls” N.V. Gogol

N.V. Gogol in his work creates the image of an empty but terrible dreamer. Manilov has been making grandiose plans all his life, but does not take any steps towards their implementation. Even the guests get bogged down in the lazy atmosphere of his estate. The landowner himself is quite happy with his dreams, despite the lack of connection with reality.

“Scarlet Sails” by A. Green

Alexander Green is an unrivaled romantic. His story contains the thought: “If a person’s soul longs for a miracle, do this miracle for him.” Gray couldn't hope for anyone's help. He walked towards his dream for a long time. Through hard work He achieved everything himself, becoming the captain of his own ship. Therefore, he sincerely performs a miracle for another pure soul- Assol. IN this work the characters managed to ensure that dream and reality coincided.

“Tomorrow there was war” by B. Vasiliev

The young heroes of Boris Vasiliev’s story “Tomorrow There Was War” live their childhood dreams. Everyone has their own. But they are not destined to come true. A long, bloody war lies ahead. And few will return home.