The patron is interested in photography. Patronage and charity in Russia at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century

Charity and patronage

Russian entrepreneurs ......................................................................3

Root reasons for the development of charity………………………..12

3.1.High morality, awareness of social

debt of entrepreneurs and philanthropists…………………………….13

3.2. Religious motives……………………………………………...14

3.3. Patriotism of Russian business people………………………………….15

3.4. Desire for social benefits, privileges…………………17

3.5. Interests of business……………………………….18

Chapter 4:

Patrons are not born……………………………………………..…19

Introduction.

The difficult times Russia is going through today are characterized by a number of processes and trends. Culture is in dire straits, without which the real revival of the country is simply impossible. Theaters and libraries are “burning,” and museums, even the most reputable and reputable ones, are in dire need of support. How objective reality we must recognize the consistent reduction in the number of readers and the volume of literature read.

In Moscow, as in Rus' in general, charity as an organized social system began to take shape with the adoption of Christianity, with the advent of monasteries. It is significant that it was at the monasteries that the first almshouses and hospitals in Moscow began to be built, in the Novospassky, Novodevichy and Donskoy monasteries; eighteenth-century buildings that once housed hospitals have survived to this day.

An analysis of the sphere of charity in pre-revolutionary Russia allows us to connect the essence of charity with another well-known phenomenon - mercy. The scale, stages and trends of charitable, merciful deeds can be clearly seen in the history of Moscow. One cannot but agree with the fair conclusions of P.V. Vlasov: “The pre-revolutionary capital seemed to us a city with “forty forty churches,” numerous estates, apartment buildings and factories. Now it appears before us as an abode of mercy... Representatives of different classes - the rich and the poor - gave to those in need what they had: some - fortune, others - strength and time. These were ascetics who received satisfaction from the consciousness of their own benefit, from serving their fatherland through philanthropy.”

1. Charity and patronage of Russian entrepreneurs

The term “philanthropist” is derived from the name of a nobleman who lived in Rome in the 1st century. BC e., Gaius Cilnius Maecenas - a noble and generous patron of the sciences and arts. The literal meaning of the word is charity - to do good. Charity - voluntary allocation material resources to help those in need, or for any public needs related to it.

The leading place in the history of charity and patronage of the arts in Russia was occupied by domestic entrepreneurs - owners of significant capital. They not only developed trade, industry, banking, saturated the market with goods, and took care of economic prosperity, but also made an invaluable contribution to the development of society, science and culture of the country, leaving us a legacy of hospitals, educational institutions, theaters, art galleries, and libraries. Philanthropic entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Russia and charity were an integral feature, a feature of domestic business people. In many ways, this quality was determined by the attitude of entrepreneurs to their business, which has always been special in Russia. For a Russian entrepreneur, being a philanthropist meant something more than just being generous or having the opportunity to receive privileges and break into the upper echelons of society - this was in many ways a national trait of Russians and had religious basis. Unlike the West, there was no cult of rich people in Russia. They said about wealth in Rus': God gave it to man for use and will demand an account for it. This truth was accepted and carried through the centuries by many representatives of the domestic business world, and charity became in a certain sense historical tradition of Russian entrepreneurs. The origins of the charity of Russian business people go back centuries and are associated with the asceticism of the first Russian merchants, who in their activities were always guided by the famous words from the “Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh”: “Do not forget the most wretched, but as far as you can, feed and give to the orphans, and justify the widow yourself, and do not let the strong destroy a person.” In the first half of the 19th century, the agents of charity were predominantly nobles. The construction of private hospitals, almshouses, and substantial monetary donations to “help the poor” were explained both by a patriotic impulse and by the desire of the rich noble nobility to “distinguish themselves” in the eyes of secular society with his generosity, nobility, to amaze his contemporaries with the originality of his gifts. It is the latter circumstance that explains the fact that sometimes charitable institutions were built in the form of magnificent palaces. Unique examples of palace-type charitable institutions include the Sheremetev Hospital for Hospice, built in Moscow by famous architects G. Quarenghi and E. Nazarov, the Widow's House (architect I. Gilardi), Golitsyn Hospital (architect M. Kazakov) and many others.

From the second half of the 19th century centuries with the development of capitalism leading place V Russian charity passed to the bourgeoisie (industrialists, factory owners, bankers), as a rule, people from wealthy merchants, bourgeois nobles and enterprising peasants - the third or fourth generation of entrepreneurs who began their activities in late XVIII- at the beginning of the 19th century. By the end of the 19th century, these were already, for the most part, intelligent and highly moral people. Many of them had a subtle artistic taste and high artistic demands. They were well aware that for the country and their own business to prosper in conditions of market competition, active participation in social life society, in the development of science and culture, therefore they used the accumulated funds not only for the development of business and personal consumption, but also for charity, helping to solve many social problems. In particular, in conditions of extreme polarization of wealth and poverty in pre-revolutionary Russia, philanthropic entrepreneurship became a kind of “regulator” of social balance, a certain means of eliminating social injustice. Of course, it was impossible to eliminate poverty and backwardness through charity, and entrepreneurs were well aware of this, but they sought to at least somehow help “their neighbor” and thus “ease their souls.”

As a result of the wide and varied activities of domestic entrepreneurs, entire dynasties were born in the country, which for several generations maintained their reputation as prominent philanthropists: the Krestovnikovs, Boevs, Tarasovs, Kolesovs, Popovs and others. Researcher S. Martynov names the most generous Russian philanthropist, a major entrepreneur of the late 19th century, Gavrila Gavrilovich Solodovnikov, who from total amount inheritance of 21 million rubles. over 20 million rubles bequeathed for public needs (for comparison: donations from the entire nobility, including royal family, have not reached 100 thousand rubles in 20 years).

At the same time, the charity of entrepreneurs in pre-revolutionary Russia had its own characteristics. For many centuries, business people have traditionally invested primarily in the construction of churches. Churches continued to be built in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but since the end of the last century the main rivalry between wealthy entrepreneurs took place in social sphere under the motto: “Whoever will do more for the people.”

Let's take a closer look at the most famous philanthropists of Russia.

2. The most prominent patrons of the late XIX - early XX centuries.

Patronage Savva Ivanovich Mamontov (1841-1918) was of a special kind: he invited his artist friends to Abramtsevo, often together with their families, conveniently located in the main house and outbuildings. All those who came, under the leadership of the owner, went into nature, to sketches. All this is very far from the usual examples of charity, when a philanthropist limits himself to donating a certain amount to a good cause. Mamontov acquired many of the works of members of the circle himself, and found customers for others.

Usmanov's charitable expenses in 2012 amounted to $180 million. He personally established the “Art, Science and Sports” and “For the Future of Fencing” foundations. The businessman supports sports, theaters, museums, and participates in social projects and in helping seriously ill children.

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At the top of the list of the richest philanthropists, who became the philanthropist of the year, Usmanov’s charity expenses in 2012 amounted to $180 million. He personally established the “Art, Science and Sports” and “For the Future of Fencing” foundations. The businessman supports sports, theaters, museums, participates in social projects and in helping seriously ill children.

© RIA Novosti / Ruslan Krivobok / The famous Russian entrepreneur, head of the Interros company Vladimir Potanin has his own charitable foundation"V. Potanin Foundation", whose projects include grants for young teachers state universities Russia, “Online Teacher” program, “MSU Online Professor”, internship program for MGIMO students, scholarships for winners of international Olympiads. His donations in 2012 totaled $22.8 million.

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The famous Russian entrepreneur, head of the Interros company Vladimir Potanin has his own charitable foundation, the V. Potanin Foundation, whose projects include grants for young teachers of state universities in Russia, the Online Teacher program, the MSU Online Professor program, and a student internship program. MGIMO, scholarships for winners of international Olympiads. His donations in 2012 totaled $22.8 million.

© RIA Novosti / Alexey Filippov / U general director Oleg Deripaska's RusAl company also has its own charitable foundation, Volnoye Delo. Organizations to which Deripaska pays primary attention are Moscow State University, the Russian Chess Federation, the Phanagorian Archaeological Expedition, the Moscow Art Theater School, assistance to children with disabilities. Deripaska's sponsorship volume in 2012 amounted to $18.5 million.

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The CEO of RusAl, Oleg Deripaska, also has his own charitable foundation, Volnoye Delo. Organizations to which Deripaska pays primary attention are Moscow State University, the Russian Chess Federation, the Phanagorian Archaeological Expedition, the Moscow Art Theater School, and assistance to children with disabilities. Deripaska's sponsorship volume in 2012 amounted to $18.5 million.

© RIA Novosti / Kirill Kallinikov / Entrepreneur Gennady Timchenko, a member of the Ladoga, Klyuch, and Neva charitable foundations, donated $10.5 million in 2012. Support priorities: assistance to elderly people, families with adopted children, projects of scientific and cultural cooperation between Russia and Western Europe development of ice sports, restoration of monuments of spiritual heritage, cultural and scientific projects.

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Entrepreneur Gennady Timchenko, a member of the Ladoga, Klyuch, and Neva charitable foundations, donated $10.5 million in 2012. Support priorities: assistance to elderly people, families with adopted children, projects of scientific and cultural cooperation between Russia and Western Europe, development of ice sports, restoration of monuments of spiritual heritage, cultural and scientific projects.

© RIA Novosti / Alexey Nikolsky / President of OJSC Lukoil Vagit Alekperov is 7th on the list of generous patrons of the arts, participates in charity projects for preschool education, healthcare, ecology, healthy image life, children's leisure, employment of people with disabilities, agriculture, rural development. This year he donated $6.3 million.

A philanthropist is a person who, from personal motives and on a voluntary basis, contributes to the development of science and art, namely sponsors the activities of outstanding personalities and financially patronizes museums, galleries, research centers and similar establishments. World and National history knows many examples of such selfless individuals. However, the time period from the 19th to the 20th century deserves special attention, because during this period there was a real flourishing of philanthropy in Russia.

About the causes of the phenomenon

The tradition of taking temples, hospitals, theaters, schools under one’s care, or showing mercy towards individual artists, scientists, dancers, etc. began its rapid revival in Russian Empire in the 17th century, reaching an unprecedented rise by the 2nd half of the 19th century. The main representatives of the movement were wealthy merchants, who, unlike their Western colleagues, had less commercial spirit, but more faith in mission, destiny and God.

The man of the 1800s regarded his business, which in modern times would be called “business,” as a destiny prescribed from above, and therefore performed it conscientiously and honestly (although there were, of course, sometimes exceptions to this rule). Patronage began to be considered almost an obligation in the business community - then it did not so much give status as it helped to find spiritual harmony and pay tribute to the Lord for helping to earn such impressive sums. It was considered normal to save money for oneself, but it was considered much more worthy to use wealth for practical purposes aimed at the benefit of the whole society.

Interesting fact! The famous philanthropists of the world would not have received their name if it were not for one Roman who lived from 70 BC. to 8 AD and served as patron of the arts. The name of this wise and straightforward man, once close to the Emperor Octavian Augustus himself, is Gaius Cilnius Maecenas. It was in his honor that later they began to name all merciful donors on Earth.

Alexander Ludvigovich (1814-1884), who belonged to the “caste” of bankers and had a fortune of 100,000,000 rubles, gave over 6,000,000 to various charitable events. He came from a family of Russified Germans, had a hardworking and decent father, whose merits were marked personally by the Emperor of Russia Nicholas I. The ruler awarded the man the title of baron. Alexander was able to strengthen, develop and continue the achievements of his parent. So, having accepted the duties of the first manager of the State Bank, he began to invest in the construction of railways (Peterhof, Nikolaevskaya, later renamed Oktyabrskaya, and Baltic) and even founded the Main Society dedicated to them. However, these were only the first touches, “tests of the pen.”

First, he donated 5,000 rubles each to the Chesme military almshouse and to naval employees who lost their property in Sevastopol. Then, when Stieglitz retired and continued living on the interest due to him, he gave his modest but virtuous nature full scope. A spinning and cloth mill in Narva, a settlement for workers, a library, a church, a clinic, the maintenance of a Kolomna children's boarding school and an eye hospital in Mokhov - all this would have been impossible without the financial assistance of Alexander Lyudvigovich. However, his main work was the construction of the St. Petersburg Central School in 1876 technical drawing for men and women (now the St. Petersburg State Academy of Arts and Industry named after A.L. Stieglitz), to which the philanthropist first allocated 1,000,000 rubles in silver for construction, and then about another 5,000,000-7,000,000 as wills. The establishment of such an institution long years forward resolved the problem of the lack of professional engineers in the country necessary to move industry forward.

Baron Stieglitz passed away due to pneumonia. He was a true patriot who never changed the principle of keeping money exclusively in domestic banks, and, at the same time, one of the quietest people in Russia who did not have the habit of saying anything superfluous. The arrangement of his main brainchild, the school, was completed by his son-in-law, a nobleman and representative of the Senate, Alexander Polovtsev, the husband of the adopted daughter of the Stieglitz couple, Nadezhda.

The next famous philanthropist of Russia, Savva Ivanovich (1841-1918), was a descendant of an ancient merchant family. If we talk about him entrepreneurial activity, then here we will talk again about rail tracks, but this time – only about them. Savva, just like Stieglitz, continued the work of his father, who was once the director of the Moscow-Yaroslavl Society railway. For Mamontov Jr., any “capitalist” and “bureaucratic” pursuits were not easy, but thanks to the ability to quickly get carried away, he was able not only to take the post of the above-mentioned association, but also to become a member of the City Duma, and a member of the Society of Lovers of Commercial Knowledge, and the most prominent representative of the capital’s merchants.

As often happened, one of the most famous philanthropists in Russia was distinguished by his creative character and fine spiritual organization. He loved to sculpt (the sculptor Matvey Antokolsky even found Savva Ivanovich’s crafts interesting and worthy of attention), sing (a beautiful bass could easily make a philanthropist a singer, as proven by his successful performance in the Milan opera), and perform theatrical sketches. Because Mamontov failed to make any of these activities his life’s work; he turned them into a hobby, firstly, by establishing a Private Russian Opera on the stage of the Solodovnikov Theater, and, secondly, by establishing a permanent meeting place for the Mamontov circle in the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow. The rich man established a real theater and art studio in his residence, where he began to train peasants and host actors, dancers, writers and other cultural figures.

It was in one of the offices of this philanthropist’s estate that he painted his “Demon” (a painting known to anyone to modern man) Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel.

Helping creators captivated Mamontov so much that he did not notice how he began to get into debt. This was partly due to an unwisely taken loan of 5,000,000 rubles for the construction of a new railway, which Savva had nothing with which to repay, and partly due to the intrigues of financial and statesmen(A.Yu. Rotshtein, Director of the International Bank, and N.V. Muravyov, Minister of Justice). The merchant ended up behind bars in the Tagansk prison. Despite the fact that Mamontov was released from punishment several months later in the courtroom to deafening applause, many former friends turned their backs on him, and he himself never regained his money, his reputation, or the opportunity to engage in business.

Tretyakov brothers

The merits of the last great patrons of art in Russia of the 19th century are sometimes underestimated and unfairly reduced to mentioning the collection of paintings alone, although this, of course, is extremely significant. It's about about Pavel Mikhailovich (1832-1898) and Sergei Mikhailovich (1834-1892) Tretyakov, who came from the family of a merchant of the 2nd guild and the owner of 5 trading shops. The brothers did business together - for example, in the Big Kostroma Linen Manufactory they owned, it was not difficult for them to honestly share responsibilities with each other.

More reserved and uncommunicative by nature, Pavel ordered domestic politics factories, while the youngest, Sergei, arranged meetings with partners and established useful connections at exits and receptions. The two relatives also began collecting works of art - first, in 1851, they purchased a building on Lavrushinsky Lane, which became the main building for the creation of the gallery, and then they began to buy paintings and create their own collection. At the same time, Pavel gravitated more towards domestic painting, and Sergei towards foreign and, in particular, French.

In the development of domestic XIX culture− at the beginning of the 20th century, a significant role was played by such patrons and collectors as Savva Mamontov, Alexey Bakhrushin, the Tretyakov brothers, the Ryabushinskys, and the Morozovs. But even today there are still many philanthropists among the Russian business elite.

Here is a list of the most famous philanthropists of our country, compiled based on materials from Forbes Russia, Kommersant, RIA Novosti and others open sources:

I.E. Repin. Portrait of P.M. Tretyakova, 1901

Vladimir Potanin

The president of Interros, Vladimir Potanin, founded the Hermitage Development Fund and contributed five million dollars to it. The businessman is considered one of the most consistent Russian philanthropists. Among his most significant sponsorship and charitable endeavors are the museum projects “A Changing Museum in a Changing World”, “First Publication”, the “Museum Guide” festival, grants to Hermitage employees, and the creation of the Russian Living Room at the Kennedy Center. Potanin is also known for donating one million dollars for the state’s purchase of the famous “Black Square” by Kazimir Malevich, which was in the collection of INCOM Bank.

Victor Vekselberg

Victor Vekselberg – big fan Faberge firm - created a museum in St. Petersburg of the famous jewelry workshop, where eleven easter eggs imperial series, which the head of the Renova company purchased from the descendants of billionaire Malcolm Forbes for one hundred million dollars and returned to Russia. In 2014, Vekselberg’s “Link of Times” foundation bought items from personal archive princes Yusupov and donated it to the State Archive.

Roman Abramovich

The owner of Millhouse Capital, Roman Abramovich, sponsored a tour of the Sovremennik Theater in London in 2010. The former governor of Chukotka, known for his passion for art, became the founder of the Garage cultural center, which, according to some estimates, cost the businessman fifty million euros. And in 2017, the reconstruction of the territory of New Holland Island in St. Petersburg, in which Abramovich invested four hundred million dollars to transform local warehouses and other buildings of the 18th century into a complex of museums and art galleries, is due to be completed.

Roman Trotsenko

In 2007, the owner of AEON Corporation, Roman Trotsenko, created Cultural Center"Winzavod", reconstruction production premises which cost twelve million dollars. Roman Trotsenko's wife, Sofya Sergeevna, is a famous Russian art producer, president of the Winzavod Foundation for the Support of Contemporary Art, advisor to the Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation.

Andrey Skoch

Businessman Andrey Skoch finances literary prize“Debut”, designed to support young authors. Prize fund- six million rubles.

Shalva Breus

In 2007, the owner of the Balakhna pulp and paper mill, Shalva Breus, founded the annual Kandinsky Art Prize, which is awarded for the best artistic achievements the last two years. The prize fund is estimated at fifty-seven thousand euros. Breus' immediate plans include the creation of a new museum of contemporary art. It is likely that it will be located in the building of the Udarnik cinema, which Shalva Breus rents from the city. According to the businessman, about thirty million dollars will be needed to implement this project.

Alexander Mamut and Sergey Adoniev

One of the largest domestic projects in the field of art, the Strelka Institute of Media, Architecture and Design, exists with the money of the head of SUP Media, Alexander Mamut, and the owner of the Yota company, Sergei Adonyev. Strelka's annual budget is about ten million dollars. Sergey Adoniev is also known large-scale reconstruction Electrotheater "Stanislavsky", after which the theater received a universal hall for two hundred seats with a transformable stage, a multifunctional foyer, six rehearsal rooms, workshops and workshops, a scenery warehouse with a lift and a sewing workshop. The reconstruction was carried out entirely at the expense of Sergei Adonyev, who, according to Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, invested several hundred million rubles in the restoration of the theater.

Mikhail Prokhorov

Businessman and politician Mikhail Prokhorov financed the festival of Russian art “Unknown Siberia” in Lyon, at which the Russian National Orchestra conducted by Mikhail Pletnev performed, investing about two million euros in this enterprise, and also sponsored the production of the play “Stories of Shukshin” at the Theater of Nations. In the year of the bicentenary of N.V. Gogol, Mikhail Prokhorov established the NOS literary prize “to identify and support new trends in modern literary literature in Russian.” A prize fund of one million rubles is distributed annually among the winners and finalists of the competition.

Vladimir Kekhman

One of the most colorful philanthropists - Chairman of the Board of Directors of the JFC company Vladimir Kekhman combines charitable activities with the management of two theaters - Mikhailovsky and Novosibirsk. In 2007, becoming director Mikhailovsky Theater, Kekhman invested five hundred million rubles in the reconstruction of the building, organized several tours and gala concerts. (However, Vladimir Kekhman was declared bankrupt and is accused of fraud on an especially large scale).

Alisher Usmanov

Alisher Usmanov's charity expenses in 2012 amounted to one hundred and eighty million dollars. He personally established the Art, Science and Sports foundations, supports theaters, museums, and participates in social projects and in helping seriously ill children. In 2007, the head of USM Holdings, Alisher Usmanov, even before the start of the auction, bought a collection of art by Mstislav Rostropovich and Galina Vishnevskaya, consisting of four hundred and fifty lots, put up for auction at Sotheby’s for more than one hundred and eleven million dollars. It is noteworthy that, according to preliminary estimates, the cost of the collection was estimated by experts to be only in the range of twenty-six to forty million dollars. After the purchase, Usmanov donated the collection free of charge Russian government, it is currently on display in the Konstantinovsky Palace in St. Petersburg. Two weeks earlier, Alisher Usmanov committed another act worthy of respect: he purchased a collection of classic Soyuzmultfilm animated films from the American company Films by Jove and donated it to a Russian children's television channel"Bibigon". The transaction amount is estimated at five to ten million dollars. Alisher Usmanov is also responsible for the exhibition “Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Avant-Garde” and the exhibition of William Turner at the Pushkin Museum. A. S. Pushkin, financing the publication of the magazine “Murzilka”, support for projects of Vladimir Spivakov, organization International competition tenors in memory of Luciano Pavarotti.

Alexey Ananyev

Chairman of the Board of Directors of Promsvyazbank Alexey Ananyev, known for his commitment to traditional Orthodox values, founded the Institute of Russian Realistic Art, for which one of the ancient buildings of the former calico-printing factory, built in Zamoskvorechye at the end of the 19th century, was acquired. The businessman constantly adds to the collection of the museum and exhibition complex. Now his collection contains about five hundred works of Russian and Soviet art.

Leonid Mikhelson

Chairman of the Board of Novatek OJSC Leonid Mikhelson decided to bring the light of culture to Muscovites and bought HPP-2 from Mosenergo, on Bolotnaya Square, in order to turn the power plant into an Art Museum. Previously, the businessman created V-A-C fund(Victoria – the Art of being Contemporary), named after his daughter Victoria. The organization provides support to museums of contemporary art, sponsors young artists and their curators.

Oleg Deripaska

General Director of RusAl Oleg Deripaska actively supervises Kubansky Cossack choir and the Moscow Art Theater School Studio, which, with the support of the entrepreneur, toured Kuban, Siberia and the Volga region. Deripaska heads the Volnoye Delo charity foundation, which provides sponsorship to children with disabilities, the Moscow State University education system, the Russian Chess Federation and the Phanagoria archaeological expedition.

Mikhail Abramov

Businessman Mikhail Abramov created the Museum of Russian Icons in Moscow in 2011. It exists solely on the money of a patron of the arts and does not conduct any commercial activities, does not charge fees for visits and excursions. In a magnificent museum collection– five thousand exhibits, including unique monuments XV-XVI centuries. The museum, which has its own restoration workshops and a scientific department, was accepted into the International Council of Museums at UNESCO.

Peter Aven

Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Alfa-Bank banking group, famous collector Peter Aven initiated the creation non-profit organization"Russian Avant-Garde Research Project", which aims to combat counterfeit works of Russian art. He is known as an art connoisseur and philanthropist, a member of the board of trustees State Museum fine arts named after A. S. Pushkin, collector of paintings by artists of the “Silver Age”.

Boris Mints

Chairman of the Board of Directors of O1 Group Boris Mints preferred troublesome everyday life to the sweet life of a billionaire museum worker- bought the building of the Bolshevik confectionery factory on Leningradsky Prospekt and decided to turn it into the Museum of Russian Impressionism, investing ten million dollars in reconstruction. The basis of the exhibition was the personal collection of paintings by Boris Mints, who for several years collected paintings by Russian artists bit by bit.

Sergey Popov

Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of MDM Bank Sergei Popov has been sponsoring music festivals of Yuri Bashmet and Valery Gergiev for many years, but tries not to talk about it. Amazing fact: the entrepreneur even entered into an agreement with a PR agency, one of whose main tasks is to minimize mentions in the press about Sergei Popov and his business. This is the opposite of PR!

Danil Khachaturov

General Director of Rosgosstrakh Danil Khachaturov his unfulfilled youthful dreams becoming a film director was sublimated into film financing. "Rosgosstrakh" paid for the filming of such films as "Eggs of Destiny", "High Security Vacation", "Freaks", and personally produced the films "Inhale-Exhale" and "Generation P".