Story by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter” covers many topics. One of the most important is the theme of love. At the center of the story are the mutual feelings of the young nobleman Pyotr Grinev and the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.
The first meeting of Peter and Masha
Masha Mironova represents the ideal of A.S. Pushkin, expressing fortitude, honor and dignity, the ability to defend one’s love, to sacrifice much for the sake of feelings. It is thanks to her that Peter gains true courage, his character is tempered, and the qualities of a real man are cultivated.
At the first meeting in Belogorsk fortress the girl did not make much of an impression on Grinev; she seemed to the young man a simpleton, especially since his friend Shvabrin spoke very unflatteringly about her.
The inner world of the captain's daughter
But very soon Peter realizes that Masha is a deep, well-read, sensitive girl. A feeling is born between young people, which imperceptibly develops into true, all-conquering love, capable of overcoming all the difficulties encountered along its path.
Trials on the path of heroes
For the first time, Masha shows her steadfastness and reasonableness of character when she does not agree to marry Petya without the blessing of her lover’s parents, because without this simple human happiness will be impossible. For the sake of Grinev’s happiness, she is even ready to give up the wedding.
Second ordeal befalls the girl during the capture of the fortress by Pugachev’s rebels. She loses both parents and is left alone surrounded by enemies. Alone, she withstands Shvabrin’s blackmail and pressure, preferring to remain faithful to her lover. Nothing - neither hunger, nor threats, nor serious illness - can force her to marry another person, whom she despises.
Happy ending
Pyotr Grinev finds an opportunity to save the girl. It becomes obvious that they will be together forever, that they are destined for each other. Then the young man’s parents accept her as their own, recognizing the depths of her soul and inner dignity. After all, it is she who saves him from slander and reprisals before the court.
This is how they save each other. In my opinion, they act as a guardian angel for each other. I think that for Pushkin, the relationship between Masha and Grinev is the ideal of a relationship between a man and a woman, headed by love, mutual respect and absolute devotion.
The theme of love in the poetry of A.S. Pushkin.
© Aksenovskaya Z.E.
"Captain's daughter".
In 1836, at the end of his life, A.S. Pushkin wrote one of the most beautiful works - “The Captain's Daughter”. He seems to be fulfilling his promise made in lyrical digressions Chapter 3 of "Eugene Onegin":
Perhaps, by the will of heaven,
I will stop being a poet
A new demon will possess me...
I will stoop to despicable prose;
Then a novel in the old way
It will take my cheerful sunset.
But I’ll just tell you
Traditions of the Russian family,
Love's captivating dreams
Yes, the morals of our antiquity.
(Wrote A.S. Pushkin in 1824).
Pushkin is married. He now has a large family, for whose well-being he is responsible to God. Now life has presented him with new questions: what should be the relationship between family members? What is the role of the father in the family? what is the role of the mother? how to raise children? What is the family for, its purpose?
He answered all these questions in The Captain's Daughter. But even before this novel, there was a book that gave detailed answers to many of these questions - this is “Domostroy”. And we feel that Pushkin studied it. The poet wrote the words: “Genius reveals the truth at one glance.” And with the insight of a genius, having seen its essence, its rational grains and, consequently, the Orthodox point of view on the family (Domostroi is based on the teaching of the Holy Fathers about the family and economy), he creates his own view of the family in the work “The Captain's Daughter”.
G. Fedotov in one of his articles he said that “the longer Pushkin lives, the deeper the Christian seeds grow in him.” He wrote the novel “The Captain's Daughter” on the eve of his death (three months), and it seems to me that this is the “most Orthodox” work of A. S. Pushkin.
Theme of the Father.
It is impossible not to notice that one of the most important themes in "The Captain's Daughter" is the theme of the Father, his role in the family.
Let's turn to Christianity, how does it talk about the father?
The Heavenly Father acts, first of all, as a merciful Father, endlessly loving and forgiving. People also say this: He is long-suffering and abounding in mercy.
“The Lord is not slack in fulfilling his promise, as some count slackness; but he bears with us long, not wanting anyone to perish, but for all to come to repentance.”
God is a loving Father. He is unusually close to us, but we must approach Him with complete reverence and awe - Thy will be done! Christianity speaks of the vertical relationship of the Creator to creation, to man.
It is precisely this attitude that we see in the Grinev family from the father to the household members: what the father said is a final and irrevocable decision, and is not subject to discussion. Moreover, it is accepted in advance as the only correct and fair one by both the son and the mother. Without his father's blessing, Peter does not undertake a single fateful act. (No leaving for service, no marriage).
And in another family - the Mironovs - it’s the same. When it became clear to everyone that the matter brewed by Pugachev was taking a sharp turn, Vasilisa Egorovna said: “Ivan Kuzmich, God is free in life and in death: bless Masha. Masha, come to your father.” And in this family the father is the head. They don't start lunch without it.
Both families in this work have vertical relationships. Exactly the way they should be, according to Pushkin. An interesting fact is that after A.S. Pushkin’s wedding, his mother-in-law, Natalya Ivanovna, tried to take control of his family into her own hands. But she failed, and thus Pushkin proved that a man is the master of the house. He also believed that the father's blessing was especially important.
Why is the father's blessing absolutely necessary? What does it mean?
In the book of Sirach we read;
“The father’s blessing establishes the children’s homes” (Sirach 3:9).
"Do not seek glory in the dishonor of your father, for the dishonor of your father is not your glory. A man's glory comes from the honor of his father." (Sirach 3:10).
The father's blessing, as we see, has enormous power.
So, Pushkin’s opinion coincides with the truths of the Bible.
The husband is the head of the family not because he is a man, but because he is the image of Christ in the family. A father must present an image of boundless love, devoted, selfless love, love that is ready to do anything to save, protect, console, delight, and educate his family.
Misunderstanding of the role of the father as the deputy of the Heavenly Father, responsible before God for the family, leads to a distortion of the entire spiritual life, and as a result, the family life.
"The Captain's Daughter" also answers the question of what is the role of the mother in the family.
Mother's theme.
If the father is the Vicar of God on earth, then the prototype for a woman is the Mother of God. This was the understanding among the people.
Pushkin’s attitude towards the Mother of God was complex. I remember the creative spring of 1821. It occupies a special place, in my opinion, in the history of his work.
Holy Week 1821 fell between April 5-11. It was an alarming week: the poet wrote "Rebekah" and the program of a blasphemous poem, full of sensuality and shamelessness. This poem is known as "Gavriliada" since its hero is the Archangel Gabriel. The poem has 500 lines, part of it is carefully finished, which means it was not written all at once, although there is not a single draft, not a single autograph has reached us. The poet then destroyed everything. He will write: “An incomprehensible emotion attracted me to the evil one.”
The demons swirled around and tormented the poet during this fateful Holy Week. Although at the same time he wrote the bright “Muse” and suddenly, interrupting “important hymns inspired by the gods”, drowning out “love for the lofty”, other, giggling voices burst into his singing, small demons flash around him.
A year and a half later I sent this joke to P. Vyazemsky among other “dirty tricks”. Vyazemsky was delighted with “Gavriliad” and wrote: “Pushkin sent me one of his wonderful pranks.” And he is not alone, but many enthusiastic Russian readers of Voltaire’s flat, obscene “Virgin,” Love adventures in the Bible" and "Wars of the Gods" The guys accepted and approved "Gavriliad" as funny joke. They would not tolerate jokes about liberal ideas, but they were allowed to make fun of the Mother of God.
In "Gavriliad" last time remnants of the original French literary influences, frivolous atheism, among which Pushkin spent his bookish youth.
The last lines of this poem sound like an eerie prophecy. These lines are especially terrible for us, who know what kind of death awaited the poet:
But the days pass, and time turns gray
My head will be silently silvered
And an important marriage with a kind wife
Before the altar he will unite me;
Joseph is a wonderful comforter!
I beg you, on bended knee,
Oh, horned protector and guardian,
Please bless me then.
Grant me blessed patience
I pray you, send it to me again and again
Restful sleep, confidence in your spouse,
There is peace in the family and love for one's neighbor.
Like demons, grimacing and laughing, in a magic mirror they vaguely outlined his own future for the poet. And he laughed with them, not knowing that he was laughing at himself. But, as you know, “what you laugh at, you will serve.”
In 1828, the case of "Gavriliad" arose and there is something terrible in the fact that a blasphemous poem forced a sincere honest Pushkin lie, humiliate, renounce - Pushkin, who never renounced political poems, even the most harsh ones.
In 1826, when the poet had already created "Prophet" he suddenly writes, “You are the Mother of God, there is no doubt...” Not without wit, he plays on the image of a woman who has aroused love for herself. She gives birth to cupid, the god of love, and therefore becomes the “Mother of God.” And then again playful thoughts addressed to the true Mother of God. Why such insensitivity? Why does the poet, who had a “classical sense of proportion and an unerring artistic taste” (I.A. Ilyin) there was no desire to stop. Unfortunately, there is still no true reverence when thinking about God, about the spiritual. Although in the fairy tale "O dead princess and the seven heroes" princess "to the character of such a meek one."
In a poem "Madonna"(1830) Pushkin paints the Virgin Mary and Her Child like this:
She with greatness, He with reason in his eyes -
We looked, meek, in glory and rays
My wishes came true. Creator
Sent you to me, you, my Madonna.
Yes, he loves Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. Yes, she is beautiful, but in her comparison comparison
makes almost blasphemous. The final line of the sonnet rings false:
The purest beauty, the purest example
The word "lovely" in the dictionary IN AND. Dahl is given in the following interpretation:
seduction, charm that seduces to the highest degree; deception, temptation, cunning, deceit, slyness, seduction from evil spirit.
In Pushkin, the word “charm” sounds in a positive sense.
This is the background to this issue. But in “The Captain’s Daughter” Pushkin’s view of the Mother of God is that of an absolutely Orthodox person. To be convinced of this, let us turn to the Life Mother of God.
The Mother of God possessed many Virtues, but the highest of them are three: the deepest humility, fiery love for God, physical and spiritual purity.
If the mother possesses these qualities, then peace, tranquility, prosperity, and order will reign in the house. According to Domostroi, there was a clear division of responsibilities in the family, a division of labor between spouses. In “Domostroy” she is the mistress of the house, so many women were characterized by “strong courage and immutable intelligence - qualities that are certainly masculine, which is why they could firmly rule another home - Russia. Russian history shows the strong Russian character of both Princess Olga and Martha Posadnitsy. But the last word in the family it was still the father. He had the right to punish and exercised general leadership in the house.
There are two families in the novel. Let's see what the role of the mother is in the family.
The Grinev family.
In the Grinevs' house, the mother takes care of the housework. We find her making jam, literally on the very first pages.
When a husband needs his son’s passport, he turns to his wife, she knows where and what is, there must be order in the house.
The basis of life was work, hence the sharp condemnation of laziness, idleness, drunkenness - everything that distracts from work.
Peter is seventeen years old, and he is still chasing pigeons and playing with a kite. His father dramatically changes his lifestyle: “so as not to hang himself.”
The thought of imminent separation “struck mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan, and tears streamed down her face.” She knew her husband’s character well: “he did not like to change his intentions or postpone their implementation.” But, as we see, Peter also knew this, he knew and respected his father for it. “His word did not diverge from his deed.” The day of Petrusha’s departure was also set. As expected, everything was prepared for him for the journey; his mother took care of it. Seeing off her son, she “in tears” ordered him to take care of his health. This shows us her humility.
When Pyotr Andreich "loaded up" in the Simbirsk tavern, Savelich read him an instruction: "... And who did you go to? It seems that neither the father nor the grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about mother: ... from birth, except for kvass, they didn’t deign to take anything from their mouths...” Savelich’s remark is also a characteristic of Peter’s parents.
Let us recall another episode where we see the role of the mother in the Grinevs’ house: “The washerwoman Palashka... and the cowwoman Akulka,” as Pyotr Grinev writes in his memoirs, “complaining with tears about Monsieur, who had seduced their inexperience, they threw themselves at mother’s feet, apologizing in criminal weakness." And he continues: “Mother didn’t like to joke about this and complained to the priest” (remember, only the father could punish). To remain silent in such a situation and not to punish is to indulge immorality. This is how the image of Pyotr Grinev’s mother emerges quite clearly from individual strokes. Every family has children. Raising children is a difficult task. The theme of education is also in the Gospel.
We know four Gospels, but in them there are only a few phrases belonging to the Mother of God.
First episode. When Jesus was 12 years old, they came to Jerusalem for a feast. At the end
holidays were returning home. He was not among his relatives and friends. Not finding Him, they returned to Jerusalem, looking for Him. They found Him three days later "in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking Him; ...And His Mother said to Him: Child! What have You done to us? Behold, Your father and I have been looking for You with great sorrow" [Lk . 2,45,48].
But there is a similar episode in the Grinev family. Having learned about his injury in a duel with Shvabrin, the father writes in a letter to his son: “Your mother, having learned about your duel, fell ill and is now lying down.” And also the lines: “What will become of you? I pray to God that you will improve, although I have no hope for His great mercy.”
The mother fell ill at the thought that her son could have been killed. Perhaps an equally terrible thought flashed through: “Have I gone astray from the true path?” Peter's parents also probably mentally exclaimed: “Child! What have you done to us?”
We see great mother's love, but also filial too. Having received a letter from his father, Peter says: “... what upset me most of all was the news of my mother’s illness.” He always says the word "mother" in relation to her. And her father calls her that, which means he loves her and feels sorry for her, despite all the severity, even the severity of his character.
The entire life of the Mother of God was spent in anxiety for her Son. Let us remember the following episode from Her life.
After fasting for forty days, the Lord returned to Galilee. He taught in synagogues and was glorified. He also came to Nazareth, where he was raised, and also taught in the synagogue. But the envious scribes and Pharisees began to reason among themselves: what kind of new teaching is this? We know this Teacher. He is the son of a carpenter, a Galilean. Ridicule and curses rained down on Him. Jesus rebuked them. Their hearts were filled with rage, they drove Jesus out of the city and took him to the top of the mountain to overthrow Him from there. At this time, the Mother of God was in Nazareth, she hurried there. From the furious screams and angry faces of the Nazarenes, the Mother of God understood what horrors threatened Her Son. But His hour had not yet come. Jesus passed among them unharmed and departed from Nazareth.
Tradition also indicates the location of the event: this mountain is located on the southern side of Nazareth. And on the upper ledge, through the zeal of the first Christians, in memory of the torment endured here by the Mother of God, the “Church of the Frightened Mother” was built.
Each mother can be given one such “Church of the Frightened Mother”. Including the mother of Peter Grinev.
The most terrible event in the entire life of the Virgin Mary is the crucifixion of the Son, Her presentation to the Cross. The Gospel of John says: “At the Cross of Jesus stood His Mother and His Mother’s sister...” There is no indication anywhere that she uttered a word. Numb with suffering, she remained silent and watched. Are there words with which She could console Her Son? Moreover, She knew that He was born for this hour. But church poetry says that the Mother’s lips whispered: “The world rejoices, accepting deliverance from You, and My womb lit at form, How crucified You... » The Mother of God always suffered in silence. To suffer in silence was her lot on earth. Sometimes they talk about the cause of death like this: he bled to death. So the Mother of God had an eternal procession of invisible martyrdom.
Every mother has her own Golgotha, for the Grinev family this is the news of their son’s betrayal.
When the Grinev's parents received the news that Peter had been arrested for participating "in the plans of the rebels" and that only "out of respect for the merits and advanced years of his father" Catherine II pardoned Peter and ordered him to be exiled "to the remote region of Siberia for an eternal settlement, everyone suffered. The rumor about him The arrest “struck the whole... family,” and my father “this unexpected blow almost killed.”
Peter's mother cries silently, in front of her father she “didn’t dare to cry,” “in order to restore his cheerfulness,” “frightened by his despair.” When the torment of the heart is unbearable, you really want to scream, moan, cry out loud. And here the situation is such that the mother cannot even cry. Then at such moments you burn with an unquenchable fire.
Precisely the words of the Mother of God "My womb is burning" best and most accurately reflect the state of Pyotr Grinev’s mother.
As we see, the correlation between the life of the Mother of God and a simple Russian woman is obvious.
Mironov family.
The story shows another family - the Mironov family.
Pyotr Andreevich Grinev came to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, came to Captain Mironov to introduce himself and report on his arrival: “I entered a clean room, decorated in the old-fashioned way.”
It was as if he had found himself in his native element. The captain was not there, and Vasilisa Egorovna, his wife, ordered everything. For her, the fortress is home. She manages all household affairs: “She looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and managed the fortress as accurately as her own house.” She ordered the constable to be called and ordered: “Maksimych! Give the mister officer an apartment, and a cleaner one... Take Pyotr Andreevich to Semyon Kuzov.” Immediately she turns to him with a question: “Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?”
“Everything, thank God, is quiet,” the Cossack answered, “only Corporal Prokhorov got into a fight in the bathhouse with Ustinya Negulina for the gang.” hot water. Here he immediately asks:
Ivan Ignatyich! - the captain said to the crooked old man. - Sort out Prokhorov and Ustinya, who is right and who is wrong. Punish both of them.
The advice is correct: in a quarrel, both are always to blame.
She herself punishes Grinev and Shvabrin for the duel. Ivan Ignatich says: “She ordered everything without the knowledge of the commandant.”
Shvabrin calmly noted that only Ivan Kuzmich could judge them, “that’s his business.” The commandant objected: “... aren’t husband and wife one spirit and one flesh?”
Grinev was received... “like family.” In the fortress there is a domestic hierarchy of values. Rhythm Everyday life"cabbage soup" and "guests" dictate. Vasilisa Yegorovna says to Palashka: “Tell the master: the guests are waiting, the cabbage soup will catch a cold.” They don't start dinner without their father. The head of the house here is the father. During dinner, Vasilisa Yegorovna did not stop talking for a minute and said to Pyotr Grinev: “And here, my father, we only have one girl, Palashka; but thank God, we live small. One problem: Masha; dowry? a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), with which to go to the bathhouse. It’s good if you can find it. a kind person; otherwise you sit as an eternal bride among the girls." It seems that they live very calmly, but this is an apparent calmness. Vasilisa Yegorovna said out loud what her soul ached about every day. And she, as we see, lived in constant anxiety for the fate of her daughter .
IN quiet time the fortress was “ruled” by Vasilisa Egorovna. But when the fortress was besieged by Pugachev, when the matter took sharp turn and when the bullets began to whistle past her ears, she became subdued, turned to her husband and said: “Ivan Kuzmich, in life and death God is free: bless Masha. Masha, come.” Then she says: “Let’s send Masha. Don’t even ask me in a dream: I won’t go. There’s no point in me parting with you in my old age and looking for a lonely grave on a foreign side. Live together, die together.”
AnthonySurozhsky wrote that for the sake of her husband and wife she must “leave everything, forget everything, break away from everything out of love for him and follow him wherever he goes, if necessary, even to suffering, if necessary - to the Cross.”
That’s what Vasilisa Egorovna did.
So, in The Captain's Daughter there are two families.
In both, the parents' marriages were for love. Vasilisa Egorovna and Avdotya Vasilievna were women, wives, housewives, mothers.
Peter Grinev's father "married the girl Avdotya Vasilyevna Yu., the daughter of a poor nobleman." People usually don’t marry a poor woman under duress. We lived in harmony. Married a girl. Pushkin emphasized. He has every word in its place.
Blessing his daughter, Captain Mironov said: “If there is a kind person, God give you love and advice. Live as Vasilisa Egorovna and I lived.” And in this family love, peace reigned, they held on to their love for each other.
But this one began family world from the image of a girl who later becomes a faithful wife. Let's see how and how the author of the work draws the image of a girl.
For the first time we see Masha Mironova through the eyes of Pyotr Grinev: “Then a girl of about eighteen came in, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire.” Flaming ears indicate her modesty. Next we read: “At first glance, I didn’t really... like her.” Grinev, because Shvabrin described her as “a complete fool.” She came in, “sat down in the corner and began to sew.” And Masha was not raised to be a slacker. And his words sound like a conclusion: “I found in her a prudent and sensitive girl.” By that time he had formed his own view of the girl. “Prudence,” according to Dahl, is prudence in words and deeds, worldly wisdom, useful caution and prudence. "Sensitive" - impressionable, who has keen feelings, highly developed moral feelings, again according to Dahl.
Pyotr Andreevich takes a dowry-free woman as his wife. But Savelich is right when he says, “that such a bride does not need a dowry.” Her prudence, her purity, chastity, the fire of her love for God - this is her best dowry.
The saints greatly extol the purity of the body. It is no coincidence that “the Lord, Jesus Christ wanted to have His Pure Mother, putting on Her pure flesh, as in royal purple,” according to the church fathers.
The feat of virginity, chastity, about which the venerable SeraphimSarovsky spoke as about the highest feat, today it acquires special beauty. "Virginity is the highest of all virtues, virtue. And even if they lacked others good deeds“, then this alone would be enough to replace all other virtues - virginity is an equally angelic state,” Masha possessed spiritual and physical purity - these are the traits of the Mother of God. She also has a fiery love for God.
Marya Ivanovna is as firm in her faith as flint. The poor girl is wooed by Shvabrin, “a smart man, with a good family name, and has a fortune.” But she doesn’t marry him. Why? Here is her answer: “... but when I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone... No way! not for any well-being!” She, a beggar, does not want to get material well-being at such a price. In the face of God, people lie that they love the unloved! She does not want impurity, insincerity of heart. She wants to be clean not only in body and soul, but also with her lips. At first, Peter’s father did not give his blessing to his son to marry the captain’s daughter: he did not know then what kind of treasure this girl was. And she refused to marry Grinev without the blessing of his parents, keeping Peter from sin. Then she tells him: “If you love someone else... I will pray for you.” Note “for you”, not “for you”. This is an example of pure, high Christian love. She never spoke a word against her parents. Pushkin emphasizes her humility, meekness, purity of soul and body, chastity, ardent love for God, that is, Masha possesses the traits of the Mother of God. And for her purity, the Lord rewards her with prudence - prudence, and the gift of reasoning is given to those “who are pure in heart, body and lips” (“The Ladder”). The Fathers of the Church say that “humility is the ability to see the truth.” And she was given this. She gives a correct assessment of Shvabrin, saying about him: “He is very disgusting to me, but it’s strange: for nothing in the world would I want him to not like me the same way.” She saw his anger.
Pushkin thereby wants to say that Masha Mironova’s parents fulfilled their task, their parental destiny, raising a wonderful daughter.
Pushkin, when he was about to marry Natalya Nikolaevna, also asked his parents for their blessing:
"I ask for your blessing not as a mere formality, but because it necessary for our happiness. May the second half of my life bring you more comfort than my sad youth."
As we see, he came to understand the need for this. But he also understood something else: the power of his mother’s prayer. His letters to his wife very often ended with the words:
"Christ is with you, my children... I kiss and baptize Masha, Red Sashka and you. The Lord is with you... Farewell, all mine. Christ is risen, Christ is with you... I hug you, I bless the children, you too. Everyone Every day you pray, standing in the corner." (July 14, 1834)
"Thank you for praying to God on your knees in the middle of the room. I pray to God a little and hope that your pure prayer better than mine both for me and for us" (August 3, 1834).
And these were not just ritual words, but an expression of genuine feelings. With relatives, dear people Pushkin did not play with words, especially with such words: he knew their value too well.
Let's remember the next episode. Marya Ivanovna went to St. Petersburg “to seek protection and help from strong people, like the daughter of a man who suffered for his loyalty.” Peter's mother prayed for her son, for the successful completion of the matter. There is nothing higher than a mother's prayer. And she helps her son. It is said: a mother’s prayer will reach you from the bottom of the sea. This is what they say only about a mother’s prayer. He transferred his understanding of his mother’s prayer to the pages of the story.
AND. A. Ilyin writes:
“Pushkin searched and studied all his life... And what he found, he found not as abstract reflection, but as his own being. Himself was becoming what he taught to be. He taught not by teaching, and not by wanting to teach, but by becoming and embodying.”
Let us remember: “marriage is a kind of asceticism, renunciation. A strict, religious, moral marriage is only a slightly softened monasticism - monasticism alone or with children as disciples,” wrote K. Leontyev.
In church, crowns are worn over the heads of those getting married; these crowns are symbols of martyrdom. Martyrdom because a person decides to live for another, stepping over his egoism and giving up life for himself. And this is not for one day, but for life.
After all, love is a desire, a desire to give oneself everything to another. This is exactly how Pushkin understood marriage.
This is exactly what the outstanding Russian philosopher emphasizes in his article about Pushkin IN. WITH. Soloviev.
ABOUT education.
In "The Captain's Daughter" the theme of education is clearly visible. Let's listen to what the Church Fathers say about this.
“Everything for parents should be secondary in comparison with caring about raising children,” taught JohnZlatoust.
A. S. Pushkin wrote from Mikhailovsky to his brother:
“Do you know my activities? Before lunch I write notes, I have lunch late; after lunch I ride horseback, in the evening I listen to fairy tales - and thereby compensate for the shortcomings of my damned upbringing. What a charm these fairy tales are.” (1824, November). We know that Pushkin did not receive proper education as a child.
He will say again: “Lack of education is the root of all evil.” (He apparently judges this from his own experience).
But in the story, the parents work and raised their children to be hardworking. The Mironovs’ house is always clean, daughter Masha knew how to sew.
In the Grinevs’ house, the mother was always at work, but they didn’t spoil their son either, they didn’t want him to grow up as a slacker, and they sent him to the service.
“Education... must impart to the child a new way of life. Its main task is not to fill the memory and not to educate the intellect, but to ignite the heart,” he said AND. A. Ilyin, wonderful Russian philosopher, about the purpose of education.
The parents in both families were believers and raised their children like this: they lit the hearts of their children with fire Great love to God. In all difficult moments, all members of the Grinev family live, trusting in the mercy of God. But Pushkin, at the end of his life, came to the same thought: main task families is education children V God, believers And living By laws God.
UpbringingatGrinev plays a very important role. The head of the family is the father (as already noted), and his order is part of the upbringing of Pyotr Grinev. Pyotr Andreevich never disobeys his parents, and this shows us his prudence. An excellent example for his son is his father himself, who was a “respectable man,” as the general calls him. His parents early childhood took care of raising their son. They hire him a French teacher so that he is brought up no worse than others. But, having learned about the tricks of Monsieur Beaupré, the father immediately removes him from the teenager. In this way he intuitively follows the truth of the Gospel: “Do not be deceived: bad communities corrupt good morals. .
We again find clear examples that raising children in the Grinev and Mironov families was truly successful in the story:
When Peter was arrested, they put a chain on his feet and shackled it tightly, he realized that such a beginning did not bode well, and therefore, “he resorted to the consolation of all those who mourned and, for the first time tasting the sweetness of prayer poured out from a pure but torn heart, calmly I fell asleep, not caring what would happen to me." Completely relied on the will of God. Peter always relies only on God at critical moments. When Pugachev occupied the fortress and hanged the commandant of the fortress, Ivan Ignatievich, it was Peter’s turn. When Pugachev gave the command: “Hang him!”, Peter “began to read a prayer to himself, bringing to God sincere repentance for all sins and begging Him for the salvation of all those close to my heart.” Peter loves his father very much. He has a dream: he arrived “to the master’s courtyard ... of the estate.” He even worries in his sleep: “My first thought was the fear that my father would be angry with me for my involuntary return to my parents’ roof and would consider me for deliberate disobedience.” This is not the fear of punishment, it is the fear of losing the love of the father.
Peter Grinev, when he sent Masha to his family, was not worried about her fate, since he knew that she would be accepted by his parents “with that sincere cordiality that distinguished the people of the old century. They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress the poor orphan." He speaks so highly of his parents. Being away from home, he realized what his parents were like.
The Mironov family also loves God. Blessing his daughter, the father gives Masha an order: “Pray to God: he will not leave you.”
After the death of her father and mother, left homeless, without a piece of bread, “having neither relatives nor patrons,” she writes in a note to Pyotr Grinev: “God was pleased to suddenly deprive me of my father and mother”... We, the present, when trouble happens to us, we perceive everything differently - as punishment, and only ask: “Lord, why did you punish me?! Why me?” We grumble, but she thanks God for the suffering. Maria Ivanovna believes in God so much that she always relies on His love in everything, knowing that He does everything for the good of man. It often amazes modern reader. Pushkin understood everything correctly: we must thank God for both sorrow and joy.
When Ivan Kuzmich was late for dinner, Vasilisa Yegorovna said to him: “...If I had sat at home and prayed to God, it would have been better that way...”
That is, just faith is enough and everything will be fine - it was Pushkin who first expressed this idea. It will be expressed later F. M. Dostoevsky as a result of his thoughts:
“The Russian people are all in Orthodoxy. They don’t have anything else in them - and they don’t need to, because Orthodoxy is everything.”
This is what he talks about NikolayVasilevichGogol in "Selected places from correspondence with friends":
“This (Orthodox) Church... alone is able to resolve all... our questions.”
The love of Masha and Peter has passed the test of life. For Masha’s sake, he travels from Orenburg to Pugachev’s camp to rescue her from Shvabrin. But she also agreed that it would be better to die, but not to be Shvabrin’s wife. They went through all the trials that befell everyone with dignity, and deserved each other, because people say that good husband or a wife must be earned.
The parents of Masha and Peter fulfilled their duty, but they, in turn, raised good children.
"Their descendants prosper in the Simbirsk province."
This is how it should be, for the Lord Himself instills faith in a person with the words:
“I was young and old, and I have not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his descendants begging for bread: he has mercy every day and lends, and his descendants will be a blessing.”
[Ps. 36, 25-26]
The epilogue of the novel speaks specifically about the prosperity of descendants. Peter and Masha had children, and the serfs - only three hundred souls, which are now owned by ten people, but they live together and prosper.
Grandchildren continue to develop the traditions of their fathers. They were kind and offered the author his grandfather’s diary themselves, having heard that he was going to write about those times. They also keep Catherine’s letter, which praises “the mind and heart of the captain’s daughter.” One can be proud of Catherine’s praise, for she was a good judge of people (according to IN. ABOUT. Klyuchevsky).
Conclusions.
So, in The Captain's Daughter there are three images of women. In three images - the fate and example of the Russian woman in the concept of Pushkin. From the bride (Masha Mironova) to the wife who will go to Calvary for her husband (Vasilisa Egorovna). Isn’t this his view of a woman, a family, the upbringing and future of children?
"The Captain's Daughter", in my opinion, is Pushkin's great repentance before the Mother of God and his last forgiveness to his already departed mother.
Pushkin once said about the Gospel: “There is a book in which every word is interpreted, explained, preached to all ends of the earth, applied to all possible circumstances of life and events of the world.” In the story, he showed us the correlation between the fate of a Russian woman and the fate of the Mother of God, the main milestones, stages of Her life - these are also the milestones, stages of the fate of any woman: a girl, pure soul and body, modest; when she gets married, becoming a wife and mother, she begins her eternal process of martyrdom with invisible blood: “Child! What have you done to us!”, “My Womb is Burning!”, “Church of the Frightened Mother.”
And this correlation is obvious, moreover, it is one of the evaluation criteria women's destinies.
Final thoughts on the topic.
The poet and I experienced pure youthful love with its heart frozen with fear and trembling with delight; And the numbness of the lips from the greatness of the grief of unrequited love; but also the fullness of happiness, where
And deity and inspiration,
And life, and tears, and love;
And also jealousy to the point of gnashing of teeth and self-denial in the name of the happiness of your beloved: “...God grant that your beloved be different” the way you were loved by me.
Life is difficult, it confronted the poet with a problem love triangle, that is, “freedom of feelings.” Pushkin told us that freedom of feelings will always color life in tragic tones, and offered a solution to the problem, salvation: “I will be faithful to him forever,” that is, fulfillment of duty. The decision is correct, because the poet suffered through torment, in the struggle with his conscience, with his passionate heart.
He is against such love, when only the lust of the body is satisfied, when “everything goes into the body,” he is for real, pure, high love. Beauty is purity.
IN last years he glorifies girlish purity. Moreover, he warns readers that love, which serves only to satisfy lust, perverts human nature, his nature, which we are witnessing today.
How modern Pushkin is! We all want to put it somewhere on a distant shelf, but it just won’t disappear into the academic wilderness. He is alive, always modern and, in his versatility and genius, our eternal companion and mentor.
The writer, with his brilliant story “The Captain's Daughter,” answered many questions (they are indicated at the beginning of the work). But I would like to draw attention to the fate of the Russian woman in the work. We clearly see its correlation with the life of the Mother of God and Her destiny. Milestones and stages of Her life are milestones and stages of life earthly woman: girlhood with its mental and physical purity, meekness and humility; life in marriage, almost equal to monastic asceticism, full of anxiety, tragedy, when lips, parched with grief, often whisper: “Child! What have you done to us?”, “My womb is burning...” Every woman has her own Golgotha, and every woman can have her own Church of the Frightened Mother.
Of course, we all understand that the Son of the Mother of God atoned for the sins of the world and the suffering of the Mother of God is immeasurable. It is blasphemous to even compare the torment of the Mother of God and the torment of a simple woman. We carry only our sins, but due to our weakness, this burden seems terrible and unbearable to us.
The words spoken by the Mother of God at the wedding feast in Cana of Galilee: “What will He say, That do it” is a crown, a reward for any mother. But not every mother can say them about her son, but only the one who raised wonderful person.
“The Captain’s Daughter,” I think, is Pushkin’s great and modest repentance to the Mother of God, and his last “forgiveness.”
Bibliography:
Hieromonk Philadelph "The Zealous Intercessor", M., Russian Spiritual Center, 1992 ..
Goricheva T. Christianity and modern world. St. Petersburg, "Aletheia", 1996
Ilyin I.A. "Pushkin's prophetic calling" (article)
Nepomnyashchiy V. Poet and fate. M., " Soviet writer", 1983
A.A. Akhmatova Article about Pushkin
In the name of love.
The novel "The Captain's Daughter" tells the story of the dramatic events of the 70s of the 18th century, when the discontent of peasants and residents of the outskirts of Russia resulted in a war led by Emelyan Pugachev. Initially, Pushkin wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but censorship was unlikely to let it through. Therefore, the main storyline becomes the love of the young nobleman Pyotr Grinev for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress, Masha Mironova.
In "The Captain's Daughter" several storylines. One of them is the love story of Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova. This love line continues throughout the novel. At first, Peter reacted negatively to Masha due to the fact that Shvabrin described her as “a complete fool.” But then Peter gets to know her better and discovers that she is “noble and sensitive.” He falls in love with her, and she also reciprocates his feelings.
Grinev loves Masha very much and is ready to do anything for her. He proves this more than once. When Shvabrin humiliates Masha, Grinev quarrels with him and even shoots himself. When Peter is faced with a choice: to obey the general’s decision and stay in the besieged city or to respond to Masha’s desperate cry “you are my only patron, stand up for me, poor one!”, Grinev leaves Orenburg to save her. During the trial, risking his life, he does not consider it possible to name Masha, fearing that she will be subjected to a humiliating interrogation - “it occurred to me that if I named her, the commission would demand her to answer; and the idea of entangling her among vile accusations villains and bring her herself to a confrontation..."
But Masha’s love for Grinev is deep and devoid of any selfish motives. She does not want to marry him without parental consent, thinking that otherwise Peter “will not have happiness.” From a timid “coward,” she, by the will of circumstances, is reborn into a decisive and persistent heroine who managed to achieve the triumph of justice. She goes to the empress's court to save her lover and defend her right to happiness. Masha was able to prove Grinev’s innocence and his faithfulness to his oath. When Shvabrin wounds Grinev, Masha nurses him, “Marya Ivanovna never left my side.” Thus, Masha will save Grinev from shame, death and exile, just as he saved her from shame and death.
For Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova, everything ends well, and we see that no vicissitudes of fate can ever break a person if he is determined to fight for his principles, ideals, and love. An unprincipled and dishonest person who has no sense of duty often faces the fate of being left alone with his disgusting actions, baseness, meanness, without friends, loved ones and just close people.
The love story of Masha Mironova and Peter Grinev
Story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is considered the pinnacle of the writer's creativity. In it, the author touched on many important questions- duty and honor, meaning human life, love.
Despite the fact that the image of Pyotr Grinev is at the center of the story, big role Masha Mironova plays in the work. I think it is the daughter of Captain Mironov who embodies the ideal of A.S. Pushkin is the ideal of a person full of self-esteem, with an innate sense of honor, capable of feats for the sake of love. It seems to me that it is thanks to mutual love to Masha, Pyotr Grinev became a real man - a man, a nobleman, a warrior.
We first meet this heroine when Grinev arrives at the Belogorsk fortress. Shy at first and quiet girl did not make much of an impression on the hero: “... a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind her ears, which were burning.”
Grinev was sure that Captain Mironov’s daughter was a “fool,” because his friend Shvabrin had told him this more than once. And Masha’s mother “added fuel to the fire” - she told Peter that her daughter was a “coward”: “...Ivan Kuzmich decided to shoot from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear.” .
However, the hero soon realizes that Masha is a “prudent and sensitive girl.” Somehow imperceptibly arose between the heroes real love, who withstood all the tests that came her way.
Probably the first time Masha showed her character was when she refused to marry Grinev without the blessing of his parents. According to this pure and bright girl, “without their blessing you will not be happy.” Masha, first of all, thinks about the happiness of her loved one, and for his sake she is ready to sacrifice her own. She even admits the idea that Grinev may find himself another wife - one that his parents will accept.
During the bloody events of the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Masha loses both parents and remains an orphan. However, she passes this test with honor. Finding herself alone in the fortress, surrounded by enemies, Masha does not succumb to Shvabrin’s pressure - she remains faithful to Pyotr Grinev to the end. Nothing can force a girl to betray her love, to become the wife of a man whom she despises: “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! I decided better to die, and I will die if they don’t deliver me.”
Masha finds an opportunity to give Grinev a letter in which she tells about her misfortune. And Peter saves Masha. Now it becomes clear to everyone that these heroes will be together, that they are destiny for each other. Therefore, Grinev sends Masha to his parents, who accept her as a daughter. And soon they begin to love her for her human merits, because it is this girl who saves her lover from slander and trial.
After Peter's arrest, when there is no hope left for his release, Masha decides to take an unheard of act. She goes alone to the empress herself and tells her about all the events, asking Catherine for mercy. And she, having taken a liking to the sincere and brave girl, helps her: “Your matter is over. I am convinced of your fiancé’s innocence.”
Thus, Masha saves Grinev, just as he, a little earlier, saved his bride. The relationship of these heroes, it seems to me, is the author’s ideal of a relationship between a man and a woman, where the main things are love, respect, and selfless devotion to each other.
The relationship between Grinev and Masha
I recently read A. S. Pushkin’s work “The Captain’s Daughter”. Pushkin worked on this story in 1834-1836. It is based on pictures of a popular peasant uprising caused by the difficult, powerless situation of the enslaved people. The story is written in the first person - Peter Grinev, aka main character. No less interesting personality in this work is Masha Mironova. When Peter arrived at the Belogorsk fortress, at first Masha, according to Shvabrin’s prejudice, seemed to him very modest and quiet - “a complete fool,” but then, when they got to know each other better, he found in her a “prudent and sensitive girl”
Masha loved her parents very much and treated them with respect. Her parents were uneducated people with limited horizons. But at the same time these were people in highest degree simple and good-natured, devoted to their duty, ready to fearlessly die for what they considered “the shrine of their conscience.”
Marya Ivanovna did not like Shvabrin. “He is very disgusting to me,” said Masha. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev. He is educated, smart, observant, an interesting conversationalist, but in order to achieve his goals, he could commit any dishonorable act.
Savelich’s attitude towards Masha can be seen from his letter to Grinev’s father: “And that such an opportunity happened to him is no reproach for the fellow: a horse with four legs, but stumbles.” Savelich believed that the love between Grinev and Masha was a natural development of events.
At first, Grinev’s parents, having received Shvabrin’s false denunciation, treated Masha with distrust, but after Masha moved in with them, they changed their attitude towards her.
All the most best qualities are revealed in Masha during her trip to Tsarskoe Selo. Masha, confident that she is to blame for her fiancé’s troubles, goes to see the Empress. A timid, weak, modest girl, who has never left the fortress alone, suddenly decides to go to the empress to prove her fiancé’s innocence at any cost.
Nature foretells good luck in this matter. “The morning was beautiful, the sun illuminated the tops of the linden trees... The wide lake shone motionless...” Masha's meeting with the queen happened unexpectedly. Masha, trusting the unfamiliar lady, told her everything why she came to the queen. She speaks simply, openly, frankly, and convinces the stranger that her fiancé is not a traitor. For Masha, this was a kind of rehearsal before her visit to the Empress, so she speaks boldly and convincingly. It is this chapter that explains the title of the story: a simple Russian girl turns out to be the winner in difficult situation, a real captain's daughter.
Love between Grinev and Masha did not break out right away, because the young man did not like the girl at first. We can say that everything happened very casually. The young people saw each other day after day, gradually got used to each other and opened up to their feelings.
Almost at the beginning of the story, the love of Masha and Grinev comes to a dead end because of Grinev’s father, who categorically refused consent to the marriage, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Masha’s decisive refusal to marry Grinev “without the blessing” of his parents. Grinev “fell into a gloomy reverie,” “lost the desire for reading and literature,” and only “unexpected incidents” associated with Pugachev’s uprising brought his romance with Masha to a new level of serious testing.
The young people passed these tests with honor. Grinev boldly came to Pugachev, the leader of the peasant uprising, to save his bride and achieved this. Masha goes to the empress and, in turn, saves her fiancé.
It seems to me that A.S. It was with great pleasure that Pushkin ended this story on an optimistic note. Grinev was released, Masha was treated kindly by the empress. The young people got married. Grinev's father, Andrei Petrovich, received a letter of acquittal from Catherine II against his son. I liked this story precisely because it ended happily, that Masha and Peter, despite the most difficult trials, preserved and did not betray their love.
At the very beginning of the work, Masha Mironova appears to be the quiet, modest and silent daughter of the commandant. She grew up in the Belogorsk fortress with her father and mother, who could not give her good education, but raised her to be an obedient and decent girl. However, the captain's daughter grew up lonely and withdrawn, separated from outside world and, not knowing anything except his village wilderness. The rebel peasants seem to her to be robbers and villains, and even a rifle shot strikes fear into her.
At the first meeting, we see that Masha is an ordinary Russian girl, “chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind her ears,” who was brought up in strictness and is easy to communicate with.
From the words of Vasilisa Egorovna, we learn about the unenviable fate of the heroine: “A girl of marriageable age, what is her dowry? a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money... something to go to the bathhouse with. It’s good if there is a kind person; Otherwise you’ll sit as an eternal bride among the girls.” About her character: “Is Masha brave? - answered her mother. - No, Masha is a coward. He still can’t hear the shot from a gun: it just vibrates. And just as two years ago Ivan Kuzmich decided to shoot from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear. Since then we haven’t fired the damned cannon.”
But, despite all this, the captain's daughter also has her own own view to the world, and does not agree to Shvabrin’s offer to become his wife. Masha would not tolerate a marriage not out of love, but out of convenience: “Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is an intelligent man, has a good family name, and has a fortune; but when I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone... No way! not for any well-being!”
A. S. Pushkin describes the captain’s daughter as an incredibly shy girl who blushes every minute and at first cannot speak to Grinev. But this image of Marya Ivanovna does not remain with the reader for long; soon the author expands the characterization of his heroine, a sensitive and prudent girl. What appears before us is a natural and whole nature, attracting people with her friendliness, sincerity, and kindness. She is no longer afraid of communication, and takes care of Peter during his illness after the fight with Shvabrin. During this period, the true feelings of the heroes are revealed. Masha’s tender, pure care has a strong influence on Grinev, and, confessing his love, he proposes marriage to her. The girl makes it clear that their feelings are mutual, but given her chaste attitude towards marriage, she explains to her fiancé that she will not marry him without the consent of her parents. As you know, Grinev’s parents do not consent to their son’s marriage to the captain’s daughter, and Marya Ivanovna refuses Pyotr Andreevich’s proposal. At this moment, the reasonable integrity of the girl’s character is manifested: her act is committed for the sake of her beloved and does not allow the commission of a sin. The beauty of her soul and the depth of feeling are reflected in her words: “If you find yourself a betrothed, if you love another, God be with you, Pyotr Andreich; and I am for both of you...” Here is an example of self-denial in the name of love for another person! According to researcher A.S. Degozhskaya, the heroine of the story was “raised in patriarchal conditions: in the old days, marriage without parental consent was considered a sin.” The daughter of Captain Mironov knows “that Pyotr Grinev’s father is a man of tough character,” and he will not forgive his son for marrying against his will. Masha does not want to hurt her loved one, interfere with his happiness and harmony with his parents. This is how the strength of her character and sacrifice are demonstrated. We have no doubt that it’s hard for Masha, but for the sake of her beloved she is ready to give up her happiness.
When Pugachev's uprising begins and news arrives of an imminent attack on the Belogorsk fortress, Masha's parents decide to send her to Orenburg to protect their daughter from the war. But the poor girl does not have time to leave home, and she has to become a witness terrible events. Before the attack began, A.S. Pushkin writes that Marya Ivanovna was hiding behind Vasilisa Egorovna and “did not want to leave her behind.” The captain’s daughter was very scared and worried, but she did not want to show it, answering her father’s question that “it’s worse at home alone,” “smiling forcefully” at her lover.
After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Emelyan Pugachev kills Marya Ivanovna’s parents, and from the deepest shock Masha becomes seriously ill. Fortunately for the girl, the priest Akulina Pamfilovna takes her into her custody and hides her behind a screen from Pugachev, who is feasting after the victory in their house.
After the departure of the newly-made “sovereign” and Grinev, the firmness, decisiveness of character, and inflexibility of the will of the captain’s daughter are revealed to us.
The villain Shvabrin, who went over to the side of the impostor, remains in charge, and, taking advantage of his position as the leader in the Belogorsk fortress, forces Masha to marry him. The girl does not agree, for her “it would be easier to die than to become the wife of such a man as Alexey Ivanovich,” so Shvabrin tortures the girl, not letting anyone in to her and giving only bread and water. But, despite the cruel treatment, Masha does not lose faith in Grinev’s love and hope for deliverance. During these days of trials in the face of danger, the captain’s daughter writes a letter to her lover asking for help, as she understands that there is no one but him to stand up for her. Marya Ivanovna became so brave and fearless that Shvabrin could not imagine that she would be able to utter such words: “I will never be his wife: I better decided to die and will die if they don’t deliver me.” When salvation finally comes to her, she is overcome by conflicting feelings - she is freed by Pugachev, the killer of her parents, a rebel who turned her life upside down. Instead of words of gratitude, “she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious.”
Emelyan Pugachev releases Masha and Peter, and Grinev sends his beloved to his parents, asking Savelich to accompany her. Masha’s goodwill, modesty, and sincerity endear her to everyone around her, so Savelich, who is happy for his pupil, who is about to marry captain's daughter, agrees, saying the following words: “Even though you thought of getting married early, Marya Ivanovna is such a kind young lady that it would be a sin to miss the opportunity...”. Grinev’s parents are no exception, who were struck by Masha with her modesty and sincerity, and they accept the girl well. “They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. Soon they became sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her.” Even to the priest, Petrusha’s love “no longer seemed like an empty whim,” and mother only wanted her son to marry the “dear captain’s daughter.”
The character of Masha Mironova is most clearly revealed after the arrest of Grinev. The whole family was struck by the suspicion of Peter’s betrayal of the state, but Masha was most worried. She felt guilty that he could not justify himself so as not to involve his beloved, and she was absolutely right. “She hid her tears and suffering from everyone and meanwhile constantly thought about ways to save him.”
Having told Grinev’s parents that “her entire future fate depends on this journey, that she is going to seek protection and help from strong people as the daughter of a man who suffered for his loyalty,” Masha goes to St. Petersburg. She was determined and determined, setting herself the goal of justifying Peter at all costs. Having met Catherine, but not yet knowing about it, Marya Ivanovna openly and in detail tells her story and convinces the Empress of her beloved’s innocence: “I know everything, I’ll tell you everything. For me alone, he was exposed to everything that befell him. And if he did not justify himself before the court, it was only because he did not want to confuse me.” A.S. Pushkin shows the steadfastness and inflexibility of the character of the heroine, her will is strong and her soul is pure, so Catherine believes her and releases Grinev from arrest. Marya Ivanovna was very touched by the empress’s act; she, “crying, fell at the feet of the empress” in gratitude.
The story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” tells about the distant dramatic events that took place in Russia in the 18th century - the peasant uprising under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. Against the backdrop of these events, the story unfolds about the faithful and devoted love of two young people - Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova.
Aa╪b╓╟, located forty kilometers from Orenburg.CommandantThe fortress was captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. Here, in the fortress, Pyotr Grinev meets his love - Masha Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress, a girl “about eighteen years old, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind the ears.” Here, in the garrison, lived another officer exiled for a duel - Shvabrin. He was in love with Masha, wooed her, but was refused. Vengeful and angry by nature, Shvabrin could not forgive the girl for this, tried in every possible way to humiliate her, said obscene things about Masha. Grinev stood up for the girl’s honor and called Shvabrin a scoundrel, for which he challenged him to a duel. In the duel, Grinev was seriously wounded and after the injury he was in the Mironovs’ house.
Masha diligently looked after him. When Grinev recovered from his wound, he declared his love to Masha. She in turn told him about her feelings for him. It seemed that they had cloudless happiness ahead. But the love of young people still had to go through many tests. At first, Grinev’s father refused to bless his son for his marriage with Masha on the grounds that Peter, instead of honorably serving his Fatherland, was engaged in childish things - fighting a duel with a tomboy like himself. Masha, loving Grinev, never wanted to marry him without the consent of her parents. A quarrel arose between the lovers. Suffering from love and from the fact that his happiness could not take place, Grinev did not suspect that much more difficult trials awaited them ahead. “Pugachevism” reached the Belogorsk fortress. Its small garrison fought courageously and bravely, without betraying the oath, but the forces were unequal. The fortress fell. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the rebels, all officers, including the commandant, were executed. Masha’s mother Vasilisa Egorovna also died, and she herself miraculously remained alive, but fell into the hands of Shvabrin, who kept her locked up, persuading her to marry. Remaining faithful to her lover, Masha decided to die rather than become the wife of Shvabrin, whom she hated. Having learned about Masha’s cruel fate, Grinev, risking his own life, begs Pugachev to free Masha, passing her off as the daughter of a priest. But Shvabrin tells Pugachev that Masha is the daughter of the deceased commandant of the fortress. With incredible efforts, Grinev still managed to save her and send her along with Savelich to. estate to his parents. It would seem that there should finally be a happy ending. However, the trials of the lovers did not end there. Grinev is arrested, accused of being in league with the rebels, and an unjust sentence is passed: exile to eternal settlement in Siberia. Having learned about this, Masha goes to St. Petersburg, where she hoped to find protection from the Empress as the daughter of a man who suffered for his loyalty to the Empress. Where did this timid provincial girl, who had never been to the capital, get such strength, such courage? Love gave her this strength, this courage. She also helped her achieve justice. Pyotr Grinev was released and all charges against him were dropped. Thus, faithful, devoted love helped the heroes of the story endure all the hardships and trials that befell them.
